LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



ii^EG- ©ujt^ngli fa 

Shelf.k.5..l.l 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



MilNUMCTURING AND MERCANTILE 




<>• '8cg)>. 



RESOURCES^ 



OF THE 



CH «3og>- 



INCLUDJNG 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES 



OF THE 



PROMINENT TOWNS. 




A. DESCKIPTIVE 



.JUL- 



immTmii i statistigai review. 



PROGRESS. ENTERPRISE. DEVELOPMENT. 



Industrial Publislxiiiir Company, Philadelphia. 
ISSl. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1881, by 

INDUSTRIAL PUBLISHING COMPANY, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 



G. W. Hubley, 

Printer and Stereolyi>i-r, 

Philadelphia and York, Pa. 



PREmCE. 

"T has licen our purpose in these pages to so identify the >rannfaotnrer<! and Merchants of the sec- 
tion treated with its progress and development, that the people having communication with them 
but in remote parts, might know of the class of men who have contributed to make this favored 
section of our State one of the proudest monuments of her greatness. We have endeavored not so 
much to sing their praises, or utter fulsome encomiums of tliein as individuals, as to portray the char- 
acter and extent of their operations. In doing this we have not been satisfied with henaay. or a 
cursory glance over the fu-ld, but in every case some member of our staff has personally interviewed 
the proprietor or superintendent of the concern of which wc make mention. We therefore feel that in 
this respect we have attained our aim, not only in gleaning the information, but in securing it from 
sources of reliability. 

Concerning the statistical portion of the work, it will be found absolutely correct, as it is compiled 
from official returns and embraces all that pertains to our State or is of interest as showing its pro- 
ductions, and is of the latest date. The historical portion, while an epitome, is of the best and most 
accurate that has been written, and the arrangement of it dispenses with the necessity of perusing 
many pages to learn what is here contained in a few. The prevalence of many concerns of moderate 
size and in strong contradistinction to the many mammoth enterprises also noted, is not exceptional, 
but is a feature of all communities. While their range of operation is limited to the size of the com- 
munity in which they exist, they are in their particular sphere just as necessary parts of our social 
and commercial structure- , and are as much entitled to consideration as such at our hands, as the 
most extensive enterprise that we note. 

Comparing the mercantile interests of the valley with those of other sections, we find the amount 
of enterprise, character of buildings, quality of stocks carried, capital invested and personal l)usiness 
credits, to be of a nature, the equal of any other section in the State. The manufacturing advanta- 
ges possessed by this section are thoroughly well known, and their availability is only a question 
with those desiring to engage them. They are fully illustrated by the grand accomplishments of 
capital and genius, which stand to-day within its limits as monuments to their founders and 
examples of what energy and true ambition may accomplish. 

We owe our thanks to many gentlemen for assistance and courtesies extended, which we freely 
acknowledge witliout an enumeration of the large number to whom they are due. 

INDUSTRIAL PUBLISHING COMPANY. 
Pun,.\PELrHi.^, August 20, 1881. 



EASTO]!T 

FREEMANSBURG, 

BETHLEHEM, 

KAZARETH, 

BATH, 
ALLENTOWN, 

CATASAUQUA, 

HOKENDAUQUA, 

COPLAY, 

STEMTON", 
SLATINGTON, 

PARRYVILLE, 

WEISSPORT 

LEHIGHTON, 

PACKERTON, 

MAUCH CHUNK, 

HAZLETON. 



•<^^ -^ ^^T, A °^?*y-£';y^° ■ ■a »3>- 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE REVIEW 

ELEMENTS OF WEALTH MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES AND 

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONS, Etc., Etc. 



-ITS 



Pennsylvania, one of the largest and most im- 
portant States of the American Union, lies bound- 
ed on the north and northeast by the State of 
New York; east, by New Jersey; south, by Del- 
aware, Maryland, and West Virginia ; and west, 
by Ohio. It is seperated from New Jersey by the 
Delaware river and the upper part of Delaware 
Bay, which also unites it with the Atlantic. The 
greatest length of the State is .30.3 miles and its 
maximum breadth 17fi miles ; or, in other woi'ds 
it has an average length of 280 square miles, with 
a general breadth of 158 square miles, giving an 
area of 46,010 square miles. 

GENERAL D-ESCRIPTIOK. 

The surface of the State is level in the southeast, 
hilly and mountainous in the interior and gen- 
erally level or arable in the western. The Al- 
leghany mountains occupy all the central part, 
covering with their ramifications, more than 
half its area. These ridgy tracts all tend north- 
east and southwest, those east of the Alleghany 
range being abrupt and precipitous, while west 
the surface declines toward the Ohio ri^er and 
Lake Erie in gradual slopes. 

The mountains of the State are components 
parts of the great Appalachian chain and ibrm a 
succession of ridges, running in jjarallels. gener- 
ally in a direction southwest to northeast, and 
presenting in some partes, summits elevated 3,000 
feet. 

The principal valleys of the mountain regions 
are those of Chester, Wyoming, Lehigh, Lacka- 
wanna, Juniata, Cumberland and Monongahela. 

Tlie cliief rivers are tlie Susquehanna, travers- 
ing the centre of the State ; the Delaware, with 
its affluents, the Lehigh and Schuylkill ; tlie Ju- 
niata, tributary to the Susipiehanna ; and, in 
the western part, the Alleghany and Mononga- 
hela, uniting at Pittsburg to form the Ohio. For 



a distance of 45 miles in the northwest Lake Erie 
borders on the State. 

CLIMATE. 

The climate is changeable, though upon the 
wliole, one of the most agreeable and temperate 
in the Union. The season of fr.jst and snow sel- 
dom exceeds three months, the winter commenc- 
ing about the first two weeks of December and 
terminating from the 1st to the 15th of March. 
The heat of summer is seldon oppressive, except 
in low situations, while the temperature of win- 
ter is rarely very severe. 

SOIL AND PRODUCTS. 

The soil in the eastern part of the State is 
partly light and sandy, but in the interior plains 
and valleys it is a deep rich loam ; there are few 
absolutely sterile tracts, and in general, this is 
one of the most productive parts of tlie Union, 
yielding most of the finer fruits of temperate 
climates in the greatest luxuriance. Almost every 
kind of grain is raised, but wheat is the staple, 
and Pennsylvania may be said to be emphat- 
ically a wheat-growing country. 

GEOLOGY AND MINEROLOGY. 

The geological formations of tlie State are lim- 
ited to a few only of the great divisions of the 
rocks. These are metamorphic (including the 
gneissic as well as the altered lower palaeozoic 
groups) the palaeozoic series, from the Potsdam 
sandstone to the coal measures ; and the middle 
secondary red sandstone. 

In Pennsylvania the limestone, with the ex- 
ceptions hereafter noticed, are confined to a well 
deprived belt running E. N. E. and W. S. W. across 
the State, bounded on the northwest by the main 
range of the AUeghanies and on the southeast by 
the ridge known as the South Mountains. In 
this belt the upper and the lower Silurian lime 



6 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



rocks apjiear in innumerable outcrops. So gen- 
eral is the distribution of limestone within the 
region indicated, that it would be liard to name a 
district, save in the anthracite coal basins, which 
does not possess a convenient source of lime of 
sufficient purity for agricultural use. South of 
South Mountain there are three limestone regions— 
that known as the limestone valley of York and 
Lancaster counties; the marble formations of 
southern Montgomery, central Chester and south- 
ern Lancaster ; and a narrow belt entering the 
centre of Bucks county at the Delaware, and ex- 
tending nearly across the Delaware. Throughout 
the coal fields of the western section of the State car- 
boniferous limestone is found outcropping along 
the borders of streams and in similar locations, 
in quantity very variable, but gradually increas- 
ing in proportion to the other carboniferous rocks 
until the Ohio line is reached. 

ANTHRACITE COAL. 

Pennsylvania is rich in mineral wealth, pos- 
sessing vast quantities of coal, iron and salt. 
Anthracite coal is found east of the AUeghanies, 
in fields extending altogether over a vast area. 
This quality of coal was first discovered and used 
in Pennsylvania, in Wyoming county, in 1768. 
It was only 23 years later, 1791, that coal was 
discovered in the Lehigh region, but the miners 
of that region were much earlier in opening com- 
munication and getting coal to market. 179.3 the 
Lehigh Coal Mine Company was formed, and 
took up 6,000 acres of land, which is now the 
chief property of the Lehigh Coal and Navigation 
Company, and is of immense value. In 1808 
Judge Jesse Fell, of Wilkesbarre, Luzerne county, 
burned coal in a grate in his house, and this was 
the beginning of the use of coal as fuel for warm- 
ing houses 



The first noticeable production of jinthracite 
coal was in 1820, when the figures reached only 
305 tons, or a ton for each day in the year, and 
from this scanty beginning has grown the enormous 
amount now annually produced. The following 
table was prepared by a gentleman who has had 
intimate connection with this trade for many 
years, and is perfectly reliable in his figures: 
Y'r Tons. Y'r Tons. |Y'r Tons. lYear Tons. 



1820 

1821 

1822 

1823 

1824 

1825 

1826 

1827 

1828 

1829 

1830| 174, 

1831 176, 

1832! 363: 

1833, 487, 

1834, 376 
1835 560, 



365 1836 
073 1837 
7201838 
,95111839 
,108 l&iO 
,893 1841 
,047 1842 
,4341843 
,516 1844 
,083 1845 
734 1846 
820 1847 
2711848 
,749 1849 
,636 1850 
,758 1851, 



684,1171852 

869,44111853 

738,697 1 1854 

818,402|l855 

864,379|1856 

959,773 1857 

1,108,412 1858 

1,263,598|1859 

1,630,850 1860 

2,013,013 1861 

2,344,005 1 1862 

2,882,309 1863 

3,089,238,1864 

3,242,966 1865 

3,358,79911866 

4,448,916 1867 



4,893, 
5,195, 
6,202: 
6,608: 
0,927 
6,644: 
6,839; 
7,808, 
8,513; 
7,954 
7,869: 
9,566: 
10,177 
9,652: 
12,703, 
12,988, 



,471 1 1868 
,151il869 
,334 '1870 
,567] 1871 
,550 1872 
,941(1873 
,3601874 
,2551875 
123 1876 



,264 
,497 
,006 
,476 
,391 
,882 
,725 



1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 



13,801,465 
13,866,180 
16,182,191 
15,699,721 
19,669,778 
21,227,952 
20,145,121 
19,712,472 
18,501,011 
20,828,178 
17,605,262 
26,142,689 
21,563,413 
*Not including 
the month of 
December. 



BITUMINOUS COAL. 



Bituminous coal is found nearly everywhere 
west of the mountains, and large quantities are 
consumed at Pittsburg and Cincinnati in the 
smelting of iron. The area of this coal field em- 
braces nearly 13,000 square miles and extends 
through 24 counties. 

The following table of area of the coal fields, 
anthracite and bituminous, of the United States, 
and the annual production, will show the position 
occupied by Pennsylvania in comparison with 
the other coal-producing States. The census of 
1880 not being yet completed, Saward's estimate 
for 1879, which is thorouglily reliable, is given. 
It will be seen that Pennsylvania produces all 
the anthracite, and nearly half of the bituminous 
coal. The table is as follows. 



States and Territories. 



», , . (Anthracite 

Pennsylvania, JBitumiuoua 

Ohio, Bituminous 
Illinois, do. 

Maryland, do. 
W. Virginia, do. 



do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 



elowa 

7llndianaj 

8, Missouri, 

9iKenru(Jcy, 
lOiTennessee, 
11 CaUfornia, 
12Colorado, 
13,Kansas, 
14:Oregon, 
lolAlabama, 
16'Washiugton, do. 
17 Wyoming, do, 
IsMVginiu, 
19 Michigan, 
20, Nebraska, 
21|Utah, 
22 JR. Island, 
23 Arkansas, 
24(Texas, 
25, Georgia, 

I Total. 



do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 



Area square 
miles. 



472 
12,302 
10,000 
36,800 
.5.50 
16,000 
18,000 

6,450 
26,887 
12.871 

5,100 



22,256 
5,330 



185 
6,700 
3,000 

500 
12,000 
20,000 



Tons pro- 
duced in 1869, 
(U. S. census, 
1870.) 



15,664,275 

7,798,518 

2,527,285 

2,624,163 

1,819,824 

60S,878 

263,487 

437,870 

621,930 

150 ..582 

133,418 

4,500 
32,938 

11,000 

50,000 
61,803 
28,150 
1,425 
5,800 
14,000 



32,863,690 



Value, 1870. 



538,436,745 

13,921,069 

5,4SL','.i52 

6,097,432 

2,409,208 

1,035,862 

874,334 

988,621 

2,011,S20 

44<v95 

330,498 

16,,500 
114,278 

39,000 
107,064 
800,000 
226,114 
104,200 
8..550 
14,9.-i0 
59,000 



73,524,992 



Tons pro- 
duced 1879, 
(Saward's es- 
timate.) 



26,142,689 

14,500,000 

5,000,000 

3,f>00,000 

1,730,709 

1,250,00« 

1,600,0(J0 

l,0fX);0f)« 

,900,000 

L,00<),<^)() 

450,000 

600,000 

400,000 

400,000 

200,000 

250.000 

170,000 

175,000 

90,000 

35,000 

75,000 

225,000 

15,000 



100,000 
59,808,398 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



PETROLEUM. 

This important item in Pennsylvania products, 
was known, it is claimed by tlie early Indians, 
but tlie first practical distillation was made in 
1850, and the first wells were located at Titusville, 
on Oil Creek, in 1859, and from them was obtained 
a supply of oil amounting to 1,000 gallons per day 
This success gave rise to an oil fever and wells 
were sunk by thousands, chiefly in the valley of 
Allegheny, from below Franklin up into Warren 
county, and the banks of French creek. The 
produition of petroleum in the State, during the 
ten years, from 1870 to 1880, is as follows : 

Year. Barrels. Year, i BaiTels. 



1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 



5,673,195 
5,715,900 
0,531,675 
7,878,629 
10,950,730 




8,787,506 

9,175,906 

13,490,171 

15,165,462 

19,741,661 



Pennsylvania enjoys a wider reputation as an 
iron producing community than any other State 
in the Union. This is more the result of the 
thorough development and skillful use of such 
ores that exist, than of any advantages in the quan- 
tity or quality of the ferruginous deposits. The 
States of New York, New Jersey and Virginia, are 
far more liberally endowed by nature in this 
respect, each contains more iron ore than Penn- 
sylvania. Nevertheless, this State produces more 
manufactured iron than all the other States com- 
bined. Her valleys are dotted with blast furna- 
ces, and \yithin her limits are the largest manu- 
factories in the United States. The following ta- 
ble will show the position Peruisylvania holds 
towards other States in the production of pig iron, 
from 1872 to 1879 : 



States. 



Peunsvlvania 

Ohio 

New York 

Michigan 

New Jereey 

Wiscortfin 

Missouri 

Illinois 

West Virginia 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Maryland 

Ceorgia 

Virgmia 

Connecticut 

Indiana 

Massachusetts 

Oregon 

Maine 

Vermont 

Texas 

N. Carolina 

Utah 

Minnesota 

Total 



No. ofi 
Fur- 
naces I 
Jan. 
1880. 



Make of Pig Iron in Tons of 2,000 pounds. 



271 

105 

58 

26 

20 

14 

18 

10 

11 

14 

22 

26 

24 

11 

33 

10 

4 

6 

1 

1 

1 

1 

7 

2 

1 



1872 



1874 



1,401,497 

399,743 

291,155 

100,222 

103,858 

65,036 

101,158 

78,627 

20,796 

12,512 

67,3% 

42,454 

63,031 

2,945 

21,445 

22,700 

39,221 

17,070 



2,000 

619 

1,073 



1,389,573 i 

406,029' 

296,818 

123,506 

102,341 

74,148 

85,552 

55,7% 

23,056 

22,283 

69,889 

43,ia4 

55,986 

7,501 

26,475 

26,997 

82,486 

21,136 

780 
8,100 

280 
1,432 



1,213,133 

425,001 

326,721 

136,662 

90,150 

50,792 

75,817 

37,946 

30,134 

32,863 

61,227 

48,770 

54,556 

9,786 

29,451 

14,518 

13,732 

27,991 

2,500 

1,661 

8,450 

1.012 

1,340 

200 



697| 2,&54,558i 2,868,278! 2,689,413 



1875 



960,8&t 
415,893 
266,431 
114,805 
64,069 
62,139 
59,717 
49,762 
25,277 
25,108 
48,339 
28,331 
38,741 
16,508 
29,985 
10,880 
22,081 
21.255 
1,«J0 
2,046 
2,400 

800 
150 



1876 



1877 



1,009,613 

403,277 

181,620 

95,177 

25,349 

51,261 

68,223; 

54,168 

41,165 

24,732] 

84,686] 

24,585 

19,876 

10,518 

13,046 

10,160 

14,547 

5,040 

1,758 

8,002 

550 

426 

400 

65 



1,153,366 
400,398 
230,442 
82,216 
52,909 
22,205 
73,565 
61,358 
84,905 
41,241 
47,607 
25,940 
26,959 
13,223 
12,434 
14,443 
15,460 
2,904 

1,960 
210 
52: 
32;- 



2,266,581 2,093,236 2,314,5&' 



1878 



1879 



1,342,633 
429,991 
247,698 
70,853 
78,455 
49,887 
47,499 
78,455 
50,667 
41,482 
50,182 
28,347 
24.027 
16,363 
16,928 
16,880 

1,426 

1,190 
585 



1,607,763 

447,751 

239,056 

101,539 

78,143 

89,522 

84,637 

78,143 

70,801 

49.841 

48,725 

41,475 

37,237 

20,373 

18,873 

16,759 

11,303 

5,404 

2,500 

1,240 

625 

400 



2,577,361 ! 3,070,875 



Salt is obtained from springs, and slate, marble, 
copper, zinc, etc., are met with. 

AGEICULTUBE. 

Most branches of agricultural industry are in a 
comparatively advanced state. Horses and cat- 
tle, especially the former, are particularly good; 
and this is next to New York, the principal wool 
growing eastern state in the Union. The fertile 
valleys equal any in the country for the raising of 
grain. The products of the State for the past ten 
years, is aa follows 







Corn. 




Year. 


Acres. 


Yield. 


Value. 


1871 


1,105,706 


39,254,000 


$30,225,580 


f872 


1,127,282 


43,964,000 


26,378,400 


1873 


1,062,608 


36,929,000 


22,157,400 


1874 


1,078,946 


35,281,000 


27,223,960 


1875 


1,100,000 


44,eoo,ooo 


25,520,000 


1876 


1,207.142 


42,250,000 


23,237,500 


1S77 


1,246,000 


41,120,000 


20,971,200 


1878 


1,259,000 


44,065,000 


21,151,200 


1879 


1,260,000 


37,8.50,000 


20,450,000 


1880 


1,261,500 


43,750,000 


24,400,000 







Wheat. 




Year. 


Acres. 


Yield. 


Value. 


1871 


1,193,750 


19,340,000 


$28,042,000 


1872 


1,074,351 


11,603,000 


19,377,000 


1873 


1,095,000 


15,548,000 


23,322,000 


1874 


1,124,000 


16,636,000 


20,130,000 


1875 


1,101,000 


15,200,000 


19,608,000 


1876 


1,419,000 


18,740,000 


23,425,000 


1877 


1,400.00© 


18,200,000 


24,750,000 


1878 


1,473,000 


22,095,00a 


21,432,000 


1879 


1,475,000 


22,260,000 


22,275,000 


1880 


1,485,000 


21,750,000 


21,750,000 



Oats. 



Year. 


Acres. 


Bushels. 


Value. 


1871 


1,017,581 


31,545,000 


$15,547,650 


1872 


1,011,057 


31,545,000 


13,064,350 


1873 


1,034,073 


31,229,000 


13,428,470 


1874 


1,040,935 


25,607,000 


15,108,130 


1875 


1,083,333 


32,500,000 


13,325,000 


1876 


1,159,000 


33,150,000 


11,602,500 


1877 


1,172,778 


42.400,000 


13,568,000 


1878 


1,106,000 


37,778,000 


13,200,168 


1879 


1,154,000 


39,750,000 


12,200,000 


1880 


1,156,000 


32,250,000 


12,450,000 



RESOURCES OF THE l.EllKiH VATJ.EY. 







Potatoes. 




Year. 


Acres. i 


Bushels. 1 


Value. 


1871 


104,1(01 


11,749,000 


$6,461,950 


1872 


112,737 


11,161,000 


7,031,430 


1873 


110,437 


10,602,000 


6,891,300 


1874 


100,797 


9,-223,000 


7,286,170 


1875 


127,(i04 


12,250,000 


5,145,000 


1876 


1.3(i,(XX) 


6,800,<X)O 


5,7S0,000 


1877 


l.')0,000 


13,500,000 


5,805.01)0 


1878 


154,500 


8.961,000 


6,272,000 


1879 


153,750 


9,750,000 


6,575,(X)0 


1880 


151,750 


9,125.000 


6,275,000 



Year. , Nuinher. 



Mules. 

Value i.i-r li'd. Total Value. 



Year. 



l871 

872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 



1871 

1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 



1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 

1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 



Acre.s 



Buckwheat, 
liuslu-h 



!)7,150 
107,600 

io;;,(;92 

101,078 
110,000 
154,411 
175,000; 
170,000 
171,0(.H) 
172,2.50 



2,050,00(1 
2,152,(X»0 
2,022,000! 
2,062,000 
2,320,000 
2,100,000: 
2,800,000' 
2, 720,000 1 
2,718,000: 
2,812,000 



Year. 1 Acres. 



Hay. 



Tons. 



2,204,301! 
2,133,6731 
2,127,304J 
2,087,845 
2,181,818 
2,.3.57,723! 
2,516,667 i 
2,650,000; 
2,575,000: 
2.550,000: 



Year, i Acreaae. 



2,050,000 
2,091,000 
2,446,400 
2,421,900 
2,400,000 
2,900,000 
3,020,000 
4,107,000 
3,275,000 
2,4.50,000 
Tobacco. 
Yield. 



2,826j 
11,346] 
12,640 

9,130] 
11,428 

9,565 
15,450 
19,000 
22, .375 
26,670 



3,392,000 
14,750,000 
15,000,000 
10,-500,000 
16,000,000 
13,200,000 
20,000,000 
22,800,000 
31,000,000 
38,750,000 



Value. 



$1,90(;,,500 
2,091,360 
1,698,480 
1,752,700 
1.600.800 
1,. 5.54,000 
1,904,000 
l,49(i,(X)0 
1,500,000 
1,775,000 

Value. 



$42,.5.58 
47,758 
43,.545 
41,-'9:3 
41,0S8 
35,264 
29,294 
33,106 
.31,725 
36,2.50. 

Value. 



000 
440 
920 
395 
000 
000 
,000 
450 
000 
000 



$ 515,548 
2,153,.500 
1,845,000 
1,575,000 
1,600,000 
1,188,000 
1,900,000 
2,275,000 
4,575,000 
4,700,000 



LIVE STOCK. 

This State being largely engaged in agriculture, 
the value of its live stock reaches a large figure, 
and herein appended will he found tables giving 
the number, the value per head, and total value, 
of horses, mules, cows, other cattle, sheep and 
swine, from 1871 to 1880 : 







Horses. 




Year. 


Number. 


Value per h'd. 


Total Value. 


1871 


546, lOQ 


$97.18 


$53,069,998 


1872 


.546,100 


102.46 


55,953,406 


1873 


557,000 


99.43 


55,382,510 


1874 


573,700 


93.76 


53,790,112 


1875 


.5.S5,100 


84.70 


49,557,970 


1876 


590,900 


75.66 


44,707,494 


1877 


614,500 


72.97 


44,840,065 


1878 


014,.5(X) 


66.79 


40,735,205 


1879 


616,250 


65.25 


40,210,312 


1880 


616,750 


62.83 


38,749,425 



1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 



24,900 
24,900 
24,900 
25,(X)0 
26,. 300! 
26,0(X» 
25,700 
24,900' 
24,8.50 
24,950 



$130. 
128. 
127. 
117. 

9(). 

1H1. 

87. 

79. 

79. 

76. 



$3,242,32; > 
3, 195,16s 
3,164,292 
2,017,984 
2,528,745 
2.354,820 
2,236,414 
1,9S7,518 
1,9S1,787 
1,914.!»12 



Year. , Number. 



1871 


788,900 


.$39.1() 


1872 


7fX;,700 


;«.50 


1873 


812,600 


33.25 


1874 


828,800 


35.42 


1875 


837,000 


34.69 


1876 


845,300 


34.50 


1877 


836,800 


33.52 


1878 


828,400 


20.26 


1879 


839,500 


22.00 


1880 


851,750 


24.12 



Year. , Number. 



Cows. 
Value per h'd. Total Value. 



.■ji30,893,324 
28,282,H50 
27,018,!);5O 
29,3.56,09() 
29,027,160 
29,162,850 
28,049,536 
16,783,384 
18,46f).O0O 
18,025,000 

Total Value. 



Other Cattle. 

Value per h'd. 



1871 


722,800 


1872 


715,500 


1873 


722,(iOO 


1874 


722,600 


1875 


708,100 


1876 


701,100 


1877 


693,900 


1878 


687,000 


1879 


682,.500 


1880 


674.000 



$31.01 
30.13 
26.49 
28.31 
29.03 
26.01 
25.82 
23.58 
23.00 
22.20 



$22,414,028 
21,558,015 
19,141,674 
20,4.56,806 
20,55(!,143 
18,233,010 
17,916.498 
16,199,460 
15,706,000 
14,962,000 







Sheep. 




Year. 


Number. 


Value per h'd. 


Total Value. 


1871 


1,674,.300 


$3.41 


$5,709,363 


1872 


1,691,000 


3.68 


6,222,880 


1873 


1,674,000 


3.20 


5,356,800 


1874 


1,674,000 


3.62 


6,059,889 


■ 1875 


1,640,500 


3.58 


5,872,990 


1876 


1,607,600 


3.17 


5,096,092 


1877 


1,601,000 


3.09 


4,967,484 


1878 


1,666,000 


2.99 


4,981,340 


1879 


1,850,000 


2.95 


5,212,.500 


1880 


1,875,000 


3.00 


5,625.000 



Swine. 



Y'ear. 


Number. 


Value per h'd. 


Total Value. 


1871 


1,099,009 


$0.67 


$7,336,.333 


1872 


1,088,900 


8.12 


8,841,868 


1873 


1,034,400 


6.62 


6,847,728 


1874 


930,900 


9.80 


9,122,280 


1875 


875,000 


11.50 


10,062,500 


1876 


901,200 


9.48 


8,543,376 


1877 


975,000 


8.36 


8,151,000 


1878 


927,800 


5.79 


5,371,962 


1879 


927,500 


6.25 


5,796,875 


1880 


926,000 


6.15 


5,694,000 



GOVERNMENT. 

By the new constitution adopted December, 
16, 1873, the legislative power is vested in a gen- 
eral assembly, consisting of a Senate and a House 
of Representatives. The latter, ajoportioned ac- 
cording to the number of taxable inliabitants, 
are chosen every second year, and the number is 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIOH VATJ,EY. 







litnite^l to 200. The Sfatc is divided into 50 
Senatorial districts. :i.s nearly equal in population 
as may be. and eaoli district is entitled to elect 
one Senator. The General Assenihly meets on 
the first Tuesday of January every second year, 
and at other times when convened by tlie Gover- 
nor. WJien the General Assembly is coTivened 
in special session, there is no legislation upon 
subjects other than those designated in the pro- 
clamation of the Governor, calling- such session. 
No law is passed except by bill, and all bills for 
raisin.ir revenue orisinate in the House of Repre- 
sentative^. 

The Executive department consists of a Gover- 
nor, Lieutenant-Governor, Secretary of the Com- 
monwealtli. Attorney General, Auditor General, 
StiJte Treasurer, Secretary of Internal .\tfairs. and 
a Superintendent of Public Instruction. The 
sujireme executive power is vested in the Gover- 
nor, who is chosen on the day of general election 
by the qualilied electors of the Commonwealth. 
He holds his otfice during four years, from the 
third Thursday of January next ensuing his 
election, and is not eligible to the otRce for the next 
succeeding term. The Lieutenant-Governor is 
cliosen at the same time, in the same manner, 
for the same term, and subject to the same pro- 
visions as the Governor; he is President of the 
Senate, but he has no vote unless they be equally 
divided. The Governor is commander-in-chief 
of the army and navy of the Commonwealth, 
and of the militia, except when they are called 
into the actual service of the United States. He 
nominates, and, by and with the consent of twt)- 
thirds of all the members of the Senate, appoints 
the officers of the Commonwealth. In case of the 
death, conviction or impeachment, resignation, 
or other disability of the Governor, the powers, 
duties, and emoluments of the office, for the re- 
mainder of the terra, devolve upon the Lieuten- 
ant-Governor. 

The Judicial power is vested in a supreme court, 
in courts of common pleas, courts of oyer termi- 
ner and general jail delivery, courts of quarter 
session of the peace, orphans court, and magis- 
trates courts; the supreme court consists of seven 
judges, who are elected for a term of 21 years, by 
the qualified electors of the State at large. The 
judge whose commission first expires is chief 
justice. The judges of the county courts are 
chosen by the electors of the districts over which 
tkey are to preside, for a term of ten yeai-s ; 
justices of the peace, or alderman, are elected for 
a term of five years. 

The right ofsufferage is allowed every male 
citizen of the age of 21 years, having resided in 
the State one year, and in the electorial district 
■where he ofTei-s his \ ote two months immediately 
preceding the election, and having within two 
years paid a State or county tax, which shall 
have been assessed at least two months before 
the election. The general election is held annual- 



ly, on Tuesday next following the first Monday 
of November ; all elections for city. ward, borough, 
and township otfices are held on the third Tues- 
day of February. The General .Assembly, by 
general law, designates the courts and judges by 
whom the several classes of election contest'»«hail 
be tried. The State is represented in the National 
Congiess by two Senators and twenty-seven mem- 
bers of the lower House. 

Poi,ri'IC.\I, DIVISION. 

Tlie Commonwealth is divided into 67 counties, 
their population at the censeus of 1880 being a.s 
follows : 

Cot'NTtKf 



Population. 
■ 1880. 1S70. 



COfNTIES. 



Population. 



IS^. 



1870. 



.■\.diiiiis 

-■Vlli'fjheny 

Ariustroiig 

Beaver 

Bedford 

Berk:< 

Blair 

Bradford 

Bucks 

Butler 

Oaiiibria 

Cameron 

Carbou 

Centre 

Chester 

Clarion 

Clearfield 

Cliutou 

Columbia 

Crawford 

Cumberl'd 

Dauphin 

Delaware 

p:ik 

Erie 

Fayette 

Forest 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Groeue 

Huntiug'u 

Indiana 

.Teffersou 

.luniata 

Lackawa'a 



3_'.4-'>4 3().H1') Lancaster 
iVi.T.")!! ■2&2;204 Lawrence 
47,t;;« 43,382 Lebanon 
39.(503 36,148 Lehigh 
:>4,932 29,63.5 Luzerne 
122,599 10C>,701 Lycoming 
■■"751 38,0.51 McKeau 
53.-204 Mercer 
64,336 Mifflin 
36,510 Monroe 
36,569 Montg'y 
4,273 Montour 
28,144 Northtou 
34,418 North^and 
77,805 Perrv 
26.537 Philada. 
•25.741 Pike 
2^!.211 Potter 
•28.766 Schuvlkill 
63.832 Snyder 
43,912 .Somerset 
60,740 Sullivan 
39.403 Susqui'h'a 
8,488 Tioga 
()5.973 Inion 
43,284 Venango 
4,010 barren 
45,305 ^^^lshing'n 
9,360 Wavue 
25,887 \\estmTd 
31.251 Wvoming 
36.138 York 
•21,656 
17,390' Total 



58,534 
68,654 
52,536) 
46,824' 

5,1.59, 
31,922 
37,920 
83,478 
40,326 
43,407 
26.278 
32,408 
68,604 
45.978 
76,127; 
o6,102 
12,800 
74,681 
58,938 

4,385 
49.853 
10.149 
28,290 
33.9,56 
40..5.58 



139,443 
33,311 
38.476 
65,969 
*133,066 
57,482 
42,.566 
56,162| 
19,577 
20,175 
96.494' 
15,466 
70,316 
53,123 
27,522 

840,980 

9,661 

13,798 

129,977 
17.797 
33,146 
8,073 
40,3.51 
45,814 
16,905 
43,670, 
27,981 
55,417 
33,512 
77,993 
15,.598 
87,839' 



121,340 
27,298 
34,096 
56,796 

160,915 
47,626 
8,8-25 
49,977 
17,.50S 
18,362 
81,612 
15,a44 
61,432 
41,444 
25,447 

674,0-22 

8.4:^ 

ll,2tw 

116,428 
15,606 
-28,-226 
6,191 
37,523 
3-5,097 
15,-565 
47.925 
23,897 
48.483 
:«,188 
.58.719 
14,585 
76,134 



18.2-27 
89.268 



4,282,786 3.-521,951 



White, 4,197,106: Colored, 85,689, including 170 Chinese 
and 169 Indians: Males, 2,136,6;i5; Females, 2,146,151. 
*Lackawan:i Conuty taken from Luzerne. 

EDUCATION. 

The publii- school system in Pennsylvania is 
of a very high and extended order. The State is 
divided into twelve normal districts, and each 
district is authorized to erect a State Normal 
School. Tlie first institution established under 
this law was the Normal School from the second 
district, at Millersville, in Lancaster county, re- 
cognized by State authority in 1859. The State 
possesses no school-fund, and the revenues for 
sclioolastie purpose are derived chiefly from tax- 
ation in the various districts. Tlie number of 
children attending the public scJiools aggregate 
near one million. The State has an agricultural 
college at Bellcfonte, Centre county, with branches 
in Chester and Indiana counties, endowdcd with 
appropriation of lands by the general govern- 
ment, and from which great improvements have 
been manifested by the close union of theoretical 
and practical farnnng. Throughout the State 



RESOrncF.S OF THE LEHir,II VALLEY. 



thereare nniiierons colleges and semiiiiiries, prom- 
inent among the number being the University 
of Pennsylvania founded in 1755, and located at 
Philadelphia; Washington and Jefferson College, 
at Wasliington ; Lafayette College, (Presbyterian,) 
at Eastoii; Lehigh University, at South Bethlehem; 
Muhlcnburgli College, (Lutheran,) at Allentown; 
Dickinson (College, (Methodist,) at Carlisle; the 
Moravian College, at Bethlehem ; Allegheny 
College, at Moadville; the Western University, at 
Pittsburg; Pennsylvania College, at Gettysburg ; 
Haverford College, (Quaker,) at West Haverford ; 
Lcwisburg University (Baptist,) at Lewisburg ; 
St. Vincnt's College, (Roman Catholic,) in West- 
morland county ; Franklin and Marshall College, 
at Lancaster, and Military Academy, at West- 
Chester. 

The Soldiers' Orphans' Schools, established 
since the civil war, have been carried on success- 
fully, and were creditable institutions to the State. 
The charitable institutions of Pennsylvania tally 
with her wonderful progress and prosperity, and 
her penitentiary system is conducted with admir- 
able efficiency. Besides the State Asylums for 
the insane, of which it has several, that at 
Norristown being one of the best in the country, 
the State annually makes liberal appropriations to 
numerous philanthropic and charitable institu- 
tions, such as asylums for the Blind, the Deaf 
and Dumb, Insane, etc., located at Philadelphia, 
and also the House of Refuge for juvenile offend- 
ers, at Philadelphia and Pittsburg, and other in- 
stitutions. 

RELIGION. 

Pennsylvania is very conservative in its relig- 
ious convictions, and within her borders will be 
found almost all the religious sects existing in 
the United States. According to the census of 
1870,* then were in this State, 5,337 churches, of 
which the Methodist owned 1,573; Lutherans, 
730 ; Presbyterians, 723 ; German Reformed, 474 ; 
Baptist, 402 ; Roman Catholics, 271 ; Episcopa- 
lians, 203 ; Friends, 147 ; Unionists, 144 ; Meno- 
nit&s, 95; Christians, 69; Congregationalists, 34 ; 
Universalists, 27 ; Moravians, 23 ; the rest being 
occupied by other less numerous denominations. 

COMMERCE, RAILRO.^DS, ETC. 

The foreign commerce of the State is mostly 
transacted through the city of Philadelphia, which 
is the sixth port of entry in the amount of im- 
ports and exports in the United States. The 
shipping interests of the State is represented by a 
fleet of 1,700 vessels, with a tonnage of about 
400,000, this being the number and amount regis- 
tered at the Custom Houses of the State. The 
total value of imports from foreign countries at 

*Qwing to many delays with the census reports at 
Washington, the census "of 1880 of the churches of the 
Stale could uot be obtained, and that of 1870 is given. 
Tho reader can allow for a fair per cent, of increase on 
the liguros givcu. 



Philaaelphia, (hS71>) was $27,224,549 ; and of ex. 
ports (if domestic commodities to foreign coun- 
tries,(1879,) $50,685,838. 

The domestic commerce of tlie State is of vast 
more importance than the foreign commerce, ow- 
ing to the enormous i)roductions of the Common- 
wealth. The lines of communications comprise 
very complete system of railways and canals. 
The principal lines of the former are, the Penn- 
sylvania Central, Erie, Reading, Lehigh Vallej', 
Philadelphia and Erie, New Jersey Central, Dela- 
Avare, Lackawanna and Western, Allegheny Valley 
Cumberland Valley, Northern Central, Oil Creek 
and Allegheny, Philadelphia, Wilmington and 
Baltimore, Pittsburg, Washington and Baltimore, 
in all, including 100 trunk and branch lines in 
operation, with 5,808 miles of road, representing 
a total cost amounting to $413,149,817. 

There are also numerous canals, in part con- 
structed by private companies and in part by the 
State government. The grand canal between 
Philadelphia and Pittsburg, is 395 miles in length 
and with its various lateral branches, an aggergate 
of 590 miles. The Schylkill canal is 108 miles in 
length ; Lehigh, Delaware and Hudson, of 108 
miles, but 25 miles of which are in the State, 
Lackawanna, Erie and Pittsburg, and thirteen 
smaller ones. The canal system of the State 
altogether aggregates 973 miles, constructed at a 
cost of $38,660,397. 

MANUFACTURING. 

The manufacturing interests of the State are 
both varied and extensive, being noted not 
only for the Working of iron and the manufac- 
ture of steel and glass, but also for the textile 
industries. Cotton stuffs and yarn are extensively 
produced, as well as steam engines, machinery, 
cutlery, nails, stoves, leather, chemicals, etc. 
The total production of pig-iron throughout the 
State in 1879, was 1,607,763 tons ; Anthracite coal, 
26,142,689 tons ; Bituminous coal, 14,500,000 tons 
The chief manufacturing centres are Philadelphia 
and Pittsburg, the former containing 9,050 indus- 
trial establishment, employing 197,964 hands, and 
producing $322,984,461 in manufactured goods, 
(census 1880.) The State contains over one-third 
of the blast furnaces of the country, and produces 
more than one-half of the total amo»unt of pig- 
iron. 

WEALTH, TAXATION AND DEBT. 

The value of the real estate of the State is $1.- 
532,115, 825 ; of which, $17,028,754 is exempt from 
taxation ; giving a total of $1,483,202,704. The 
value of all household furniture, including gold 
and silver plate, (exceeding $300,) in the Stat« is 
$7,182,981. The aggregate aiiiount of money at 
interest (including bonds, stock, etc.,) is $101,071, 
796 ; the aggregate value of all property taxable 
for State purposes, at the rate of three and four 
mills on the*dollar, is $100,403,964. The amount 
of State tax assessed at the rate of three and four 
mills ou the dollar, is $485,835.06, the whole 



RESOURCES OF THE LEIIKiH VALT.EY. 



11 



amount of State tax assessed at this rate whicli 
includes tax on jileasure carriages and watches, 
is $577,622.52. The amount of county taxes 
Teaches $14,829,197, $10,281,029.65 of which is 
tlie tax of Philadelphia county. The amount of 
State debt. December 1, 1879, was funded, $21,389, 
■950; unfunded, $880,789.86. Of the funded debt, 
$10,729,000 drew six per cent, interest, $9,299,350 
five per cent, and $2,000,000 (negotiated in 1879) 
four per cent. The latter was disjiosed of at a 
premium of 1.03^ to 2.51 above i>ar. December 1, 
1879, the State held in stocks of incorporated com- 
]ianies, $7,300,000; in sinking fund, $1,202,373, 
(exclusive of loans) ; State expenditures for year 
was $4,884,111.25, (exclusive of sinking fund;. 
During the year 1880, $5,392,301 was raised from 
nil sources by taxation. In I'ennsylvania no tax is 
levied on real estate for State purposes, the 
amount of taxable i)ei'sonal property aggregating 
$128,490,420. The tax rate of State tax is thirty 
cents on the $100. The tax on this property, at 
the very low valuation current, produced only 
$379,319 in 1879, out of total tax receipts of over 
$5,000,000, the greater part of the State revenue 
being derived from taxes on corporations, the 
principal subjects being as follows : Tax on cor- 
poration stock, $1,067,453; licx-nses, $799,250; 
coal companies, $645,252 ; gross receipts, $569,914 ; 
<;ommutation of tonage tax, $460,000 ; collateral 
ijiheritance, $393,949; bank stock, $310,065; pre- 
miums, $199,729; loans, $150,324; writs, wills and 
deeds, $93,341 ; net earnings or income, t;31,S00. 
Independent of the State debt, the counties have 
debts that amount to $76,096,943.63, of which 
$70,070,429.06 belongs to the city and county of 
Philadelphia. 

roruLATiON. 
Pennsylvania was one of the original thirteen 
States, and at the period of the Declaration of 
Independence contained about 300,000 population. 
The first census taken by the United States 
was in 1790, when the State had 434,373, and tlie 
subsecjuent census were as follows : 1800, 602,365 ; 
1810, 810,091; 1820, 1,047,507; 1830, 1,348,233; 
1840, 1,724,033 ; 1850, 2,311,786 ; 1860, 2,906,215 ; 
1870, 3,521,951 ; 1880, 4,282,766. The enumeration 
of 1880 is classified as follows, viz: males, 2,136, 
635 ; females, 2,146,151 ; native, 3,695,253; foreign, 
587,533; white, 4,197,106; colored, 85,680. 

GEKEBAL HISTORY. 

The country about Delaware Bay was first set- 
tled by the Swedes, but they made comparatively 
little progress in the occupation of the country, 
and passed under the English jurisdiction gener- 
ally established in 1664. In 1681 the territory west 
of tlie Delaware was grant<>d by royal charter to 
William Penn, who set sail from England to take 
possession of the grant, Septembers, 1682, and 
reached this country after a voyage of nine months. 
The work of organization under Penn'.s vigorous 
and sagacious guidance rapidly proceeded, and 
<'oloni.sts from most various regions of the (.>ld 



World now poured in. Universal toleration was 
proclaimed, a charter of liberties wa.s solemnly 
consecrated, and a di'mocialic government was 
established. In his dealings with the Indians 
and their chiefs, Penn nuuiifcsed his accustomed 
magnanimity and justice, and at (jiice won their 
good-will. The new areji was named in honer 
of Penn and his wife, Sylvania, by Charles II. of 
England, from whence came the name of Penn- 
sylvania. 

The territory rapidly populated through Penn 
and his co-religionists, the Society of Friends, 
who cultivated ])eace with the Indians, and estab-* 
lishment of good laws. Long before the Ilevoluti(jn, 
Pennsylvairia became the seat of lejirning, wealth 
and refinement of the colonies, and was also the 
ntost thickly populated. Under the charter 
granted to Penn, the region forming the present 
State of Delaware was included, and the Colonies 
continuetl to be so joined until the Ilevolutiou of 
1776. 

During the war of Revolution, Philadelphia, 
which Penn, himself, had laid out and planned, 
and was now the metropolis of the young country, 
became the chief city of operations, and is known 
as the "cradle of American liberty." It was here 
the Continental Congress first met and pro- 
mulgated that meuKjrable document, the Decla- 
ration of Independence, and in this city Congress 
continued to hold its s&ssions until the approach 
of the British army caused them to seek another 
location, the British holding possession of the 
city from Sei)tember 26, 1777 to June 18, 1778. — 
The convention that formed the existing Consti- 
tution of the United States, met in this city, May, 
1787, where, also from 1790 to 1800, Congress con- 
tinued to hold its sittings. Pennsylvania was 
the scene of many memorable events during the 
war, notably Brandywine, Germantown and 
Valley Forge, and other points, which now 
belong to the national history. 

The State became the Keystone in the original 
thirteen that formed the United States, and for 
several decades nuiintained her lead as the largest 
State in the Confederation. Its history has been 
one of progress and education, exercising a jjotent 
inriuence upon the affairs of the nation of which 
it has been so important a part. The bringing to 
light the vast hidden wealth that was buried 
beneath the surface and in her rork-bound hills, 
has made Pennsylvania the greatest State in the 
Union in natural productions. The anthracite 
and bituminous coal lands, the petroleum region, 
the vast iron ore beds, as well as immense quanti- 
ties of limestone, slate and other valuable gifts of 
her earths surface, makes the State the centre of 
the reliable wealth of the country. 

IndeiH'udence being first proclaimed here, the 
whole colony took a decided part in the final es- 
tablishment of American liberty. In the ci\'il 
war they were not less distinguished, tlie Common- 
wealth sending to the National army two hun- 



12 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



drcd and seventy regiments and several detach- 
ed companies of volunteers, numbering in all 
387,284 men. Pennsylvania was also the scene of 
one of the most important and most sanguinary 
battles of the last war, that of Gettysburg, 
where for a period of three days the strife con- 
tinued with unabated fury .The sou rthern border 
suffered severely during the war by raids of 
the Confederates, who, upon one occasion destroy- 
ed by tire the borough of Chambersburg. 

The State has always encouraged, from the 
^olonnial days to the present, the immigration 
to its territory of citizens of foreign countries, and 
her people, probably, represent more distinct 
nations than will be found in any other State of 
the Union. In many sections, the English lan- 
guage is almost entirely in disuse, and by the 
general substitution of German. Welsh, or other 
tongues. 

From the First Continental Congress to the 
present time, Pennsylvania has furnished the 
following officers of the United States Govern- 
ment : Presidents prior to adoption of the Con- 
stitution : Thomas Mifflin and Arthur St. Clair 
President under the Constl tution , James Buchaii an 
term of service from 1857-61. Vice President 
George M. Dallas, 1845-49. Secretaries of State 
James Buchanan, 1845-49 ; Jeremiah S. Black 
1860-61. Secretaries of the Treasury, Albert 
Gallatin, 1802-14 ; Alexander J. Dallas, 1814-17 
Richard Rush, 1825-29; Samuel D. Ingham, 
1829-31; William J. Duane, 1833-33; Walter 
Forward, 1841-43 ; William M. Meredith, 1849- 
50. Secretaries of War, Timothy Pickering, 1795- 
95 ; James M. Porter, 1843-44 ; William Wilkins, 
1844-^5, Simon Cameron, 1861-62; Edwin M. 
Stanton, 1862-68 ; J. Donald Cameron, 1876-77. 
Secretaries of the Navy, William Jones, 1813-14 ; 



Adolph E. Borie, 1809-G9. Secretary of the Inter- 
ior, T. M. T. McKennan, 1850-50. Postmaster 
Generals, Timothy Pickering, 1791-95 ; James 
Campbell, 1853-57. Attorney Generals, William 
Bradford, 1794-95 ; Richard Rush, 1814-17 ; 
Henry D. Gilpin, 1840-41 ; Jeremiah S. Black, 
1857-60 ; Edwin M. Stanton, 1860-61. Associates 
Justices of the Supreme Court, James Wilson, 
1789-98; Henry Baldwin, 1830-46; Robert C, 
Grier, 1846-70 ; William Strong, 1870-80. Presi- 
dents pro. tern, of the Senate, William Bingham, 
1797-97 ; James Ross, 1797-99 ; Andrew Greggs, 
1809-09. Speakcis House of Representatives, F. 
A. Muhlenburg, 1789-91, and 1793-95 ; Galusha 
A. Grow, 1861-63; Samuel J. Randall, 1876-81. 
Chief Justice of the Court of Claims, Joseph 
Casey, 1863-70. 

The State Governors have been as follows : 

UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF 1760. 



Thomas Mifflin 
Thomas McKean 
Simon Snyder - 
William Findlay - 
Joseph Heister 
John Andrew Shulze 
George Wolf - 
Joseph Ritner 



Dec. 21, 1780-Dec. 17, 179» 
Dec. 17, 1799-Dec. 20, 1808 
Dee. 20, 1808-Dec. 16, 1817 
Dec. 16, 1817-Dec. 19, 1820 
Dec. 19, 1820-Dec. 16, 1823 
Dec. 16, 1823- Dec. 15, 1829 
Dec. 15, 1829- Dec. 15, 1835 
Dec. 15, 1835-Jan. 15, 183» 



UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF 1838. 



David Rittenhouse Porter 
Frances Rawn Shunk 
William Freame Johnston, 

Shunk, decesed.) 
William Bigler 
James Pollock 
William Fisher Packer - 
Andrew Gregg Curtin - 
John White Geary - 
John Frederick Hartranft - 



- Jan. 15, lS39-Jan. 21, 181'v 
Jan. 21, l&15-July 9, 1&18. 

{vice 

July 9, 1848- Jan. 21, 1852 

- Jan. 20, 1852-Jan. 16, 1855- 
Jan. 10, 1855-Jan. 19, 1858- 

- Jan. 19, I&i8-Jan. 15, 1861 
Jan. 15, 1861-Jan. 15, 1867 

- Jan. 15, 1867-Jan. 21, 187S 
Jan. 21, 1873-Jan. 18, 1876 



UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF 1873. 

John Frederick Hartranft - - Jan. 18, 1876~Jan.l879 
Henry M. Hoyt ... - Jan. 1879- Jan. 1883 




<3^Sa>^' 



GAZETTEER OF COUNTIES AND TOWNS, 



AN EPITOMISED HISTORY OF THE FORMATION, ADVANTAGES, PRODUCTIONS AND 

POPULATION OF THE VARIOUS COUNTIES OF THE STATE, TOGETHER 

WITH THE COUNTY SEATS AND PRINCIPAL TOWNS. 



ADAMS COUNTY. 

Organized from apart of York county, January 
23, 1800. Maryland forms its boundry on the 
soutli, and a ridge called South mountain to the 
northwest. The Conewago, Latimore, Bermu- 
dian. Opossum, Rock, Marsh and Middle creeks, 
and the head streams of the Monocacy river take 
tlieir rise in this county. Tiie minerals are lime- 
stone, iron ore, copper and Potomac marble, 
while the land is rich for farming purposes. 
Population, 32,454 ; area 531 square miles, or 
339,840 acres. 

Gettysburg, the county seat, is 114 miles west 
of Philadelphia, and 36 miles southwest of Har- 
risburg. A flourisliing town in the centre of a 
rich agricultural district. It is noted in history 
as the scene of a tliree days' terrible battle, July 
1st, 2nd and 3d, 1863 ; and one of the most de- 
cisive of the war ; location of National Cemetery. 
The town was laid out 1780. Population, 3,800. 
ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 

From Washington and Westmoreland counties, 
September 24, 1788. Located in the W. S. W. 
part of the State. The Monongahela and Alle- 
gheny rivers unite to form the Ohio, which runs 
14 nnles in the county, the other streams being 
the Yoghiogheny, Chartiers, Turtle and Pine 
Creeks. Soil hilly, but a greater portion is arable 
land. Bituminous coal is found in large quanti- 
ties. Population 355.859; area, 757 square miles, 
or 480,470 acres. 

I'lTTSBUKG, the county seat, is the second city 
in importance in the State, and is situated be- 
tween the ^lonongahela and Allegheny rivers. A 
great numufacturing city, numbering about 
1,.500, princii)ally of iron, glass, carriages, etc. 
Eleven railroads comliine to give to the city facil- 
ities for conducting the extensive industries and 
shijiping the products all over the country. It is 
compactly and hand.«omely built, containing 
numerous churches and proiuinent public build- 



dings. The town was laid out in 1764 and in 1794 
was incorporated as a borough. Population, 
156,381. 

Allegheny City, opposite Pittsburg, with 
which it is very intimately associated in business 
relations, they virtually being one city except in 
government. JSxtensive manufacturing indus- 
tries. Three railroads, and the third city in im- 
portance in the State. Population, 78,681. 

McKeesport, located at the conHtience of the 
Allegheny and Yoghiogheny rivers, 15 miles 
southeast of Pittsburg. Manufacturing, commer- 
cial and mercantile. Population, 7,0W. 
ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 

From Allegheny, Westmoreland and Lycoming 
counties, JNIarch 12, 1800. Located in the west- 
ern part of the State The surface is hilly, and 
in many places unfit for cultivation, but the 
county is very rich in iron, stone, coal, lime- 
stone and salt. The Allegheny and Kiskiminetas 
rivers; and Redbank, Mahoning, Cowanshannock 
and Crooked creeks, flow through it. Popula- 
tion, 47,639; area, 612 square miles, or 391,280 
acres. 

KiTTANNiNG, the couuty seat, is locatetl on the 
Allegheny river, about 45 miles above Pittsburg. 
In its vicinity are found cannel and bituminous 
coal, iron ore, limestone, pure wliite clay and 
building stone. It is considerable of a manufac- 
turing centre, and the location of tlie University 
of Kittanning. Population, about 2,500, 
BEAVER COUNTY. 

From Allegheny and Washington counties. 
March 12, 1800. Located in the western part of 
the State, on the Ohio line. The surface is un- 
dulating with a rich soil; bituminous coal and 
limestone are largely found, tlie manufacturing 
industries are numerous and diversified. It is 
watered by the Ohio and Beaver rivei-s. Popu- 
lation, 39,603 ; area 452 square miles, or 289,280 
acres. 



14 



KESOURCES OF THE LEHTGH VATJ.IOY. 



Bkavkt', tlie county scat, is a floxirishing town 
on tlie Ohio river, 28 miles nortli of Tittsburg 
and 230 west of Harrisburg. It has very superior 
oilucational fiicilitics, and is well and substanti- 
ally built. Population, 1,500. 

Beaver Falls, is located on the Beaver river, 
and is quite an important manufacturing centre, 
possessing ample ship])ing facilities via. two 
railroads that pass through the town. Popula- 
tion, 4,300. 

Rochester, is situated between the Ohio and 
Beaver rivers, about 25 miles northwest of Pitts- 
burg. Business interests are chiefly confined to 
manufacturing and mercantile. Population, 
3,800. 

BEDFORD COUNTY. 

From a part of Cumberland County, March 9, 
1771. A soutliern county, bordering on Mary- 
land. The surface is mountainous, being travers- 
ed by many ridges of the Allegheny range. The 
soil is mostly useful for cultivation, but Bedford 
is rich in iron ore. and mines of stone coal are ex- 
tensively worked. It is intersected by many 
streams, among which is the Raystone, a branch 
of the Juniata river. There are many man- 
ufacturing industries located in the county. — 
Population, 34,932; area, 1,003 square miles, or 
041,920 acres. 

Bedford, the county seat, is located 104 miles 
W. S. W. of Harrisburg, and a few miles east of 
the chief elevations of the Allegheny mountains. 
About li miles from the town are the celebrated 
saline and sulphurous springs, which are much 
resorted to. T:i3 town is very old, it having been 
laid out in 1763, and is full of historic interest. — 
Population, 2,500. 

BERKS COUNTY. 

From Philadelphia, Chester and Lancaster 
counties, March 11, 1752. Is drained by the 
Schuylkill river, which flows through it in a S. 
E. direction, and by Tulpehocken, Maiden, Mana- 
tawny and Little Swatara creeks. The Kittatinny 
or Blue mountains forms its N. W. boundary, and 
its S. E. central part is cut by the South moun- 
tain or Blue Ridge. The soil is highly produc- 
tive and under good cultivation. Iron mines are 
numerous. Pvipulation, 122,599 ; area 900 square 
miles, or 570,000 acres. 

Reading, the county seat, 54 miles E. of Har- 
risburg, 58 miles N. W. of Philadelphia. It is 
finely located, and regularly and compactly built, 
the streets being remarkably clean and neat. It 
contains many very elegant churches and other 
edifices, besides a handsoms court house. Has 
numerous and extensive manufactoi-ies, chiefly 
of iron, flour, machinery, etc., Good railroad 
communications. Population, 43,280. 
BLAIR COUNTY. 

From Huntingdon and Bedford counties, Feb- 
ruary 20, 184G. Located in the S. S. W. central 
part of the State. Is drained by the Juniata River, 
and by Clover creek. Surface mountainous, the 



Allegheny chain bounding it on the west anil 
Tassy's mountains on the east. Soil partly fertile, 
iron and coal are extensively found and worked. 
Population, 52,571 ; area, 510 square miles, or 
320,400 acres. 

HoLLiDAYSBURG, the county scat, is about 120 
miles west of Harrisburg, on the Juniata river, 
near tlie east ba^e of the Allegheny mountains. — 
Large iron works are locatil ln:-j, and is a very 
prospei-ous borough. Laid out in 1812. Popula- 
tion, 4,500. 

Altoona, 244 miles west of Philadelphia, and 
117 northeast of Pittsburg. The Pennsylvania 
Railroad has here extensive machine shops, oc- 
cupying 122 acres, and a large number of opera- 
tives are employed in manufacturing locomotives, 
railway-cars, etc. The city is situated on the 
east side of the Allegheny mountains, where the 
road begins to ascend. It was laid out in 1849, 
and incorporated as a city in 1868. Population, 
19,716. 

TvRONE, 131 miles from Pittsburg, and 226 from 
Pliiladeli:)hia. On the Pennsylvania railroad, 
and the junction of three other roads. Laid out 
in 1845, and now a thriving borough. Popula- 
tion, 3,000. 

BRADFORD COUNTY. 

From Luzerne and Lycoming counties, Febru- 
ary 21, 1810. Located in the N. N. E. part of the 
State, on the New York line. Is watered by the- 
North branch of the Susquehanna river, the Tio- 
ga river, and by the Towanda, Sugar and Wya- 
lusing creeks. Surface generally hilly; soil fertile, 
the productions being lumber, coal and limestone> 
with some portions devoted to agriculture. Pre- 
vious to March 24, 1812, this county was called 
Ontario, but the name was changed to Bradford 
on that day. Population, 58,535; area 1,162 
square miles, or 743,680 acres. 

Tow.VNDA, the county seat, is 120 miles north- 
east of Harrisl)urg, and has excellent railroad fixcil- 
ities. The business interests is manufacturing, 
mcr jantile, agricultural and c al mining, and has 
superior water power. Laid out in 1812, and is 
now a thriving borough. Population, 5,000. 
BUCKS COUNTY. 

One of the original counties, established by 
William Penn, in 1682. Located in the E. S. E. 
section of the State, on the Delaware river, it 
forming the N. E. and S. E. boundary line. Sur- 
face, hilly and diversified ; soil, highly fertile, 
containing valuable deposits of limestones, sand- 
stone, plumbago, etc. The inhabitants are chiefly 
farmers, who supply Philadelphia with grain, 
hay and dairy products. Population, 0S,(;50; 
area, 595 square miles, or 380,800 acres. 

DoYLEStoWN, the county seat, is about 100 miles- 
east of Harrisburg and 30 miles north of Phila- 
delphia. On a branch of the Reading R. R. and 
a centre of many stage routes. Has many hand- 
some private residence, and a new court hovise- 
that equals in appearance any in the State. Has- 



KKSOCIU^KP OF THE T.KIIIOIT VAT.LEY, 



r5 



ample wnfcr worlcp, mid li,i;liti<l wiili lt.s. Mer- 
cantile, witli some inaiiut'acturiiiu-. Fopulation, 
2,070. 

15RIST0L, (111 flic Delaware river, i;i mile.s abovi- 
riiiUuleliiliia, witJi which it has frcciuent daily 
communications by railroad and steamer, and 
11') E. by S. of Ilarrisburg. It is substantially 
built, and has considerable manufacturing inter- 
ests. On the Pennsylvania. Kailroad and the 
terminus of the Delaware Divisicin, Pennsylvania 
CaJial. Population, 5,273. 

BUTLER COUNTY. 

From Allegheny county, March 12, 1800. A 
western county, bounded N. E. and S. E. by the 
Allegheny river, and also watered by Slipping 
Rock and Conequcnessing creeks. Surface, un- 
dulating; soil, in many parts sandy. It has very 
valuable mines of iron and abounds in bitiim- 
inous coal. In point of production is one of the 
most important in the State. Population, 52,536 ; 
area, 814 square miles, or 520,y()0 acres. 

Butler, tlie county seat, is on the Conequcness- 
ing creek, 30 miles north of Pittsburg, and is one 
of the most beautiful towns in the State, contain- 
ing a handsome court house and many elegant 
residences. Mercantile and a;iiiculture. Popu- 
lation. 2,500 

CAMBRIA COUNTY. 

From Huntingdon. Somerset and Bedford 
counties, March 25, 1804. A southeastern cen- 
tral county, on the western slope of the Alleglieny 
niomitains. Conemaugh and the Western Branch 
of tlie Susquehanna rise in the county, which has 
a very broken surface, and is e.Ktensively covered 
witJi forests of pine and other lumber. Bitum- 
inous coal and iron ore are abundant and largely 
mined. Some parts are well adapted for grazing. 
Pojmlation, 40,824 ; area, 000 square miles, or 
42(;,240 acres. 

EiiKNSBURG, the county seat, is located near the 
summit of the Alleglieny mountains, about 74 
miles E. by N. of Pittsburg. It is surrounded 
with mncli wild scenery, the country remaining 
in its natural state. It is one of the most foreign 
looking towns in the State, a greater part of its 
inhabitants being the Welsh element. Popula- 
tion, 1,300. 

Johnstown, at the confluence of the Stony 
creek aiwl Conemaugh river, 85 mil(\s east of 
Pittsburg. It is the location of tlie Cambria Iron 
and Steel works, the largest in the United States, 
employing over 5,000 hands and liaving a produc- 
tion of .•JlO.OOit.OOO per annum. The town is also 
the location of other industries. I'opulation, 
about 8,000. 

Conemaugh, on tlie Pennsylvania Railroad, 
about 170 miles west of Ilarrisburg, and is an iin- 
]"irtant railroad station, the trains going east and 
west being ins]K'cted here, and also the location 
of e.Nti'Usive sho[)s. I'opulation, about 3, (..'00. 
CAMERON COUNTY. 

From ( 'linltin, VAk, .MiKciin :in<l I'utterciiuntics, 



-March, 2!). 180U. A north western central county. 
Htiuniiuous coal found, and the grater part well 
Wooded, considcrabletanning, leather and lumber 
interests. Di-ained by the Shinnemahoning river, 
which empties into tlie West IJranch of the Sus- 
ciuelianiia. Population, 5,159 ; area, 381 square 
mills, or 243,840 acres. 

E.Mi'oHUM, the county seat, located at the 
couflueiice of tiie Portage and West creeks. — 
Population, about 800. 

CARBON COUNTY. 
From a -part of Northainjiton and Monroe 
counties, March 13,1843. It is an eastern county 
and tierives its name from its mines of Anthracite. 
It is a mountainous district, possessing immense 
coal mines. It is bounded on the southeast by 
the Blue or Kittatinny mountains, and traveis- 
ed from northeast to southwest by the Lehigh 
river. Population, 31,922; area, 402s<juarc miles, 
or 257,280. 

Mavch Chunk, the county seat, on the 
Lehigli river, about 100 miles northeast of Ilar- 
risburg. It is situated in a rugged mountainous 
region, abounding in cdal and iron. The Switch- 
back railroad and Glen Onoko, together with its 
natural scenery, make it an attractive resort for 
Slimmer ti»urists. Population, 7,000. 
CENTRE BOUNTY. 

From Mifllin, Northumberland, Lycoming and 
Huntingdon counties, February 13, 1800. A 
central county. The soil is generally rich and 
abounding in minerals, the valleys comprising 
some of the finest agricultural lands in the State. 
Its west side has plenty of iron ore, coal and lum- 
ber. When its resources shall have been fully 
devehiped, its, as yet hidden stores of mineral 
wealth, will render it one of the most flourish- 
ing, counties in the State. It is well drained, 
and traversed by the Allegheny mountains. — 
The Pennsylvania Agricultural College is located 
within the county. Population 37,920 : area, 
1,227 square miles, or 785,280 acres. 

Bellefonte, the county seat, on Spring creek, 
80 miles northwest of Harrisburg, and in theceiitre 
of a rich mineral district. It is a flourishing town, 
well built, and possessing considerable business 
interests, both manufacturing and mercantile. — 
Population, about 4,000 

CIIESTI:R COUNTY. 

One of the three original counties formed by 
William Penn in 1082. Bounded on the south 
and southeast by Maryland and Delaware, north- 
east by tiie Schuylkill river, west by Octororu 
creek, and drained by French aiul Elk creeks. — 
The surface is niiu'li diversilied, the soil generally 
good, and agriculture is carried on to great iicrfec- 
tion. Among the minerals are chromate of iron, 
])orcelian clay, gneiss, sandstone, red shale, copper 
and abundance of lead and iron. The county 
possesses considerable manufacturing industry 
and is one of tlie richest sections in the State, its 
people being thrifty and nuicli above average in 



16 



RES01TR(M':8 OF THE LEHIOH VALT;EY. 



general intcligence. Population, 8^,480; area, 
703 square miles, or 4S8,;S20 acres. 

West Chester, tlie couuty seat, is situated 22 
miles west of Philadelphia, and is a centre of a large 
mercantile trade, and possesses very superior 
educational focilities. The town is handsomely 
built, and occupies a beautiful situation. One of 
the State Normal Schools is located here as well 
as a number of private seminaries and institutions. 
Population, 7,046. 

Phcexixville, on the Schuylkill river, about 
27 miles northwest of Pliiladelphia. It is a place of 
miach business importance, and contains besides 
several lar^re miscellaneous industries, the Phce- 
nix Iron Works, one of the most extensive in the 
United States. Iron ore is abundant in the vicin- 
ity, as well as protitable lead and copper mines. 
Population, 6,681. 

CoATSviLLE, on the west branch of the Brandy- 
wine creek, 36 miles west of Philadelphia. The 
location of considerable manufacturing industry, 
and the centre of a beautiful district. The Penn- 
sylvania railroad cross the creek here on a mag- 
niticent bridge, 73 feet above the water. Popula- 
tion, 2,766. 

Oxford, a post borough, about 69 miles south- 
east of Harrisburg. Mercantile trade and local 
manufacturing prominent. Rich agricultural dis- 
trict. Population, 2,152. 

DowNiNGTOWN, ou the bast branch of Brandy- 
wine creek, about 29 miles west of Philadelphia. 
Principally mercantile trade. Population, 1,480. 
CLARION COUNTY. 

From Venango and Armstrong counties, 
March 17, 1839. A northwestern county. 
Bounded on the southwest by the Allegheny 
river and on the south by Red Bank creek. The 
surface is hilly, when broken being very fertile. 
Iron, bituminous coal and limestone are 
found, while the northern part is well wooded 
with pine. Population, 40,326 ; area 572 square 
miles, or 366,080 acres. 

Clarion, the county seat, on Clarion river, 
about 75 miles N. N. E. of Pittsburg. It is sub- 
stantially built, there being many handsome 
buildings, both public and private. Population, 
1,200. 

CLEARFIELD COUNTY. 

From Huntingdon, Lycoming and Northum- 
berland counties, March 26, 1804. A western 
central county, mostly situated on the western 
declivity of the Allegheny mountains. The soil 
in some jiarts is fertile and the uplands afford 
good pasture. The forests furnish large quanti- 
ties of pine, oak and maple, which are conveyed 
down the river by means of rafts. Some hard 
coal and iron is found. Drained by the West 
Branch of the Susquehanna river and Cleartield 
and Mushannon creeks. Population, 43,407; area, 
1,130 square miles, or 723,200 acres. 

Clearfield, the county seat, on the West Branch 
of the Sus(iuehanna river, 120 miles W. N. W. of 



Harrisburg, Has large lumber trade. Hand- 
somely laid out, with wide streets and beautiful 
residences. Population, 1,500. 

CLINTON COUNTY. 

From Lycoming and Centre counties, June 21, 
1839. A northern central county. It is intersect- 
ed by the West Branch of the Susquehanna river, 
and also drained by the Bald Eagle and Kettle 
creeks. The surface is mountainous, which at 
one time was densly covered with timber. The 
soil of the limestone valleys is productive, but the 
county is not an agricultural one, there being an 
abundance of iron ore and bituminous coal, the 
mining of which being the principal industry. 
Population, 26,278; area, 857 square miles, or 
548,480 acres. 

Lock Haven, the county seat, on the West 
Branch of the Susquehanna river, about 107 miles 
N. N. W. of Harrisburg. Is well built and a 
centre of large business interests. Population, 
5,845. 

COLUMBIA COUNTY. 

Prom Northumberland county, March 22, 1813. 
An eastern central county. The Northern Branch 
of the Susquehanna river, and the Catawissa and 
Fishing creeks, traverses it. The surface is 
broken by the Knob and Catawissa mountains 
and the Muncy Hills of the Allegheny range. 
In various parts of the county there are a num- 
ber of manufacturing industries, while the lime- 
stone basins of the valleys renders the soil very 
productive. Population, 32,408; area, 479 square 
miles, or 306,560 acres. 

Bloomsburgh, the county seat, on Fishing 
creek, 78 miles N. N. E. of Harrisburg. It is a 
fine and pleasant town and possesses an extensive 
trade. The State Normal School building for the 
sixth district is located here. Population, a])out 
4,000. 

CRAWFORD COUNTY. 

From Allegheny county, March 12, 1800. A 
northwestern county, bordering on the State of 
Ohio. Oil creek is in the east and empties into 
the Allegheny about six miles above the mouth 
of th» Venango. The surface is undulating, and 
the soil better adapted to grazing than to tillage. 
Among the minerals, iron orti and lime nuirl are 
very abundant, while the principal products can 
be summed up with petroleum, lumber, butter, 
Indian corn, potatoes, etc. Population, 68,607 ; 
area, 1,005 square miles, or 643,200 acres. 

Meadville, the county seat, on French creek, 
about 236 miles W. N. W. of Harrisburg. It is 
regularly laid out, well built, and contains many 
fine residences. An important railroad centre. 
Was of slow growth until the discovery of petro- 
leum. Population, 8,860. 

TiTUsviLLE, 28 miles east of the county seat, is 
situated on both sides of Oil creek, and is largely 
engaged in the petroleum trade. The town con- 
tains several good hotels, and is the location of 
considerable wealth. Population, 9,046, 



l:r:soT'RrES of the ekiikjh valley. 



17 



CITArBFRLAND COUNTY. 

Prnm Lanciistei- founty, January 27, 1850. A 
g. S. H county, and is Ixmndod on the east by 
the Susciuehanna, and also drained by the Cone- 
dogniint and Yellow Breeches creek.s. The soil 
is exceedingly fertile, and agriculture is in a very 
forward state, it being ]>rincjpally located between 
the Blue mountains on the north, and South 
mountains on the soutli, forming a valley that 
is widely known for its ])roductiveness. Popula- 
tion, 45,978, area ; 554 scjuare miles, or 354,560 
acres. 

Carlisle, the county seat, is jilea-santly situa- 
ted in the great limestone valley between the 
Kittatinny :uid Blue mountains, 18 miles west by 
south of Harrisl)urg, and 125 miles west of Phil- 
adelphia. It was founded in 178:^, and during 
the cival war was shelled by the Confederates, on 
the night of July 1, 18().3. It is the seat of Dick- 
inson College, and the United States Indian 
school. Population, <>,209. 

McHANicBrEG, 8 uiiles west of Harri.sburg, 
is a beautiful town, and contains many wealthy 
inhabitants. Population, about 3,000. 
DAUPHIN COUNTY. 

From Lancaster county. March 4, 1785. A 
southeastern central county, and is bounded on 
the west and southwest border by the Susque- 
lianna, Swatara,Mahantango,\Viconisco, Powell's, 
Clarke and Paxton creeks, also drain the land, 
tlie surface of which is mountanious, but the val- 
leys are extx'emely fertile. The principal miner- 
al productions of the county are limestone, slate, 
varied shales, some particularly red, free-burning 
bituminous coal and ii'on ore. Population, 76.- 
148; area. 523 square miles, or 334,720 acres. 

Hareisburg, is the capital of the State, as well 
as the county seat of the county. Is 107 miles 
west by north from Philadelphia, and 110 north 
by east from Washington ; on the left bank of the 
Susquehanna, here a mile wide, with an island 
in the middle, and crossed by two bridges. The city 
is surrounded by magnificent scenery and fertile 
land, and is well built and amply supplied with 
water. The Capitol, tinely situated on an emi- 
nence, is a handsome brick building, with a cir- 
cular Ionic portico in front, surmounted by a 
dome. Here are loi'ated a number of large indus- 
tries, among the number being iron works, roll- 
ing mills, cotton mills, car factories and breweries. 
In 1753, John Harris, Jr., established there a ferry 
over the Susquehanna, whence the name of 
Harris' Ferry, under which Ilarrisimrg was long 
known. It w;is afterwards called Louisburg in 
honor of Louis XVI., and received its actual 
name in 1791, when it was incorporated as a 
borough. The State government was transfered 
from Lancaster to Harrisburg in 1812. Popula- 
tion, 30,762. 

MinuLKTowN, a borough, 9 miles northeast of 
Harrisburg. Po|)ulation, 3, .500. 

I)EI>A\VARE(^OUNTY. 

From Chester county, Septemlicr 20, 1789. \ 
2 



southeastern county, bordcjlng on the State of 
Delaware. The coiuity is traversed by the Darby, 
Cram, Ridley and ('lie.ster Creeks, and Brandy- 
wine river, the latter forming tlie .southwestern, 
as the Delaware river does the southeastern 
border of the county. The surface is diversified 
and the soil generally good. Gneiss and mica 
slate is found, the quarries of the former furnish- 
ing ct)nsi<h'rable buiding material for Philadel- 
phia; whetstones of an excellent (jiudity are pro- 
cured on Darby (-reek, and exported to all parts 
of the Union. Manufacturing interests are very 
large and the farming land very productive. — 
Population, .56,102; area, 195 scjuare miles, or 124,- 
800 acresr 

Media, the county seat, is situated 15 miles W. 
S. W. of Philadelphia. The borough is quiet and 
possessing the air of retired and comfortable cir- 
cumstances. Population, 2,0lX). 

Chester, tlie luetroiiolis of the county, is 15 
miles southwest of Pliiladelphia, and is the old- 
est place in the State, having been settled in 1643. 
It is a thriving manufacturing city, the leading 
industry being the famous ship yards of Mr. John 
Roach, where the largest and fiiu^st iron ships 
that float are built. It was once the county seat, 
but was removed to more central location. — 
Population, 14,996. 

ELK COUNTY. 

From Jefferson, Clearfield and McKean , counties, 
April 18, 1843. A northwesten central county and 
traversed by Clarion river, and Bennets and Drift- 
wood branches of Sinnemahoning creeks. Tlie 
surface is uneven, and in the southern part 
mountainous, the most elevated part of which is 
Elk mountains, whence the name of the county. 
Population, 12,800; area, 774 square miles, or 
495. .360 acres. 

RiDGEWAY. the county seat, is 160 miles north- 
west of Harrisburg, and is located at the junction 
of the Clarion river, and Elk creek. Was laid 
out in 1843, and is a place of much business ac- 
tivity. Population, about 1,000. 
ERIE COUNTY. 

From Allegheny county, March 12, 1800. A 
northwestern county, bordering on New Y'ork, 
Ohio, and Lake Erie. French, Conneant, Wal- 
nut and Elk creeks waters its soil, which is very 
fertile. The surface is rolling and in some parts 
elevated. The trade of Erie county in iron ore, 
anthracite and bituminous coal, lumber and pe- 
troleum is immense, and the various kinds of 
manufacturers show an extraordinary increase. 
Population, 84,081; area 772 square miles, 494,- 
080 acres. 

Erie, the county seat, is a port of entry, on 
Lake Erie, about 129 miles north of Pittsburg. — 
Thetownis well built on oneof thelargestand best 
harbors of the lake, and was laid out in 1795. It 
is a commercial and manufacturing city, having 
all the elements of greatness and jirosperity, well 
lighted and well suppled with water, churches, 



18 



RESOURPES OF THE LETITrrll VAELEY, 



public schools, etc., Has railrojul c-mnectious 
with all points, as well as an extensive traile on 
the lake. Population, 27,730. 

CoRRY, an important business centre, is located 
but a few miles distant from Erie. Is well and 
substantially built up, and has many handsome 
edifices. Population, about S,00(>. 
EAYETTE COUNTY. 

From Westmorland county, Soi)tember 27, 
1783. A southwestern county, borderinj.? on West 
Yiruinia. Mononj?ahela and YoKhigheny rivers, 
and Keystone, Duulai)s, Indian and J acuibs creeks 
traverse its surfac;e, which is divirsifiod, in some 
parts mountainous. The soil is very fertile, and 
rich in agricultural resources. Iron and bitumi- 
nous coal ar.e abundant and unrivalled. Popula- 
tion, 58,852; area, 830 S(iuare miles, or 531,200 
acres. 

TTniontown, tlie county seat, is about 45 miles 
southeast of Pittsburg. Is a prosperous inland 
town and contains many handsome private resi- 
dences and public buildings. Population, about 
3,000. 

FOREST COUNTY. 

Froni Jefl'erson county, April 11, 1848, and a 
portion of A'^enango county, by act approved 
October 31, 1866. A N. N. W. county, through 
which runs Clarion or Toby's river and Teonista 
creek. The surface is broken, a large portion of 
the land being worthless. Population, 4,385; 
areas 431 square miles or 275,840 acres. 

Tkinesta, the county seat, is a small village, 
and was made the county seat in 1866. Popula- 
tion, 800. 

FRANKLIN COUNTY. 

From Cumberland county, September 9, 1784. 
A southern county, bordering on Maryland.— 
The surface is broken and mountainous, South 
mountains rising on the east and Tuscarora 
mountains on the western border. The county 
is watered by Conedogmint, Antietam, Tuscarora 
and Conecocheague creeks, and the soil in the 
valleys is extremely fertile. Iron ore plentifully 
abounds, as well as limestone, marble and slate. 
Population, 49,855; area 756 square miles, or 483, 
840 acres. 

Chambeksburg, the county seat, is situated on 
Conecocheague creeks, 45 miles southwest of 
Harrisburg, and 150 miles west of Philadelphia. 
Its situation is healthy, and the surrounding 
county rich and highly cultivated. The town is 
composed of two large streets, intersecting each 
other at right angles, and having a publi(; square 
in the centre. It was invaded by the Confederates, 
and burned by the army July 30, 1864, but since 
that time has been handsomely rebuilt. Popula- 
tion, about 7,500, 

FULTON COUNTY. 
From Bedford county, April 19, 1850. A south- 
ern county, bordering on Maryland. Conoloway 
and Licking creeks flow through it, and the 
mountains and hills are yet covered witli prime- 



val forest. Agriculture is the principal industry 
nf the i>i)i>ulMri()ii. the valleys being very fertile. 
Iron ore and bituminous coal abound, but are 
practically undeveloped. I'opulation, 10,149; 
area, 442 square miles, or 282,880 acres, 

McCoNN'ELLSBURG, the couutv seat, is quite an 
old settlement, having been laid out in 1786. It is 
located in the heart of the great cove, surrounded 
by many well cultivated farms. 

(tREKNE COUNTY. 

From Washington, county, February 9. 1786. 
A southwestern county, bordering on West Vir- 
ginia. The surface is broken andhilly, thesoilfer- 
tile,and drained qy Monongahela river, and Wheel- 
ing, Dunkard's and Ten mile creeks. Wheat rye, 
corn and grass are produced in great abundance. 
Bituminous coal is found everywhere; there is 
considerable iron ore, and a number of "salt licks," 
fire-clay, etc., Population, 28,290; area, 620 
square miles, or 396,800, acres. 

Waynesbukg, the county seat, is 46 miles south- 
we.st of Pittsburg, and contains a fine brick court 
house, with a dome-like steeple, surmounted with 
a full length statue of General Anthony Wayne. 
Excellent public schools, and two colleges are in 
the town, and the general appearance of the place 
is of thrift and enterprise. Population, 1,200. 
HUNTINGDON COUNTY. 

From Bedford county, September 20, 1787. A 
central county, in the mountainous region, its 
surface lieing very much broken, and drained by 
the Juniata river and numerous small streams. 
The valle.ys are extremely fertile, rye, corn and 
grass been produced in abundance; coal and iron 
mines are extensively woiiced in many localities, 
and there are many industrial enterprises. Pop- 
ulation, 33,956; area, 899 square miles, or 575,360 
acres. 

Huntingdon, the county seat, on the Juniata 
river, about 96 miles W. N. W. of Harrisburg, and 
is one of the most flourishing towns in the Juniata 
valley. It is well built, and contains many hand- 
some public and private buildings. The scenery 
in its immediate neighborhood, is among the 
grandest in the State, and is a popular place with 
many desirious of spending the warm weather 
amidst the beauties of nature. Population, about 
3,300. 

INDIANA COUNTY. 

From Westmorland and Lycoming counties, 
March, 30, 1803. A southwestern central county, 
the surface of which ks hilly, and the soil moder- 
ately fertile. It is drained by Conemaugh river, 
and Black Lick, Crooked, Little Mahoning and 
Two Lick creeks. The county is well stocked with 
timber, and is nearly all the growth of the pres- 
ent century. The mineral resources are iron ore, 
bituminous coal, limestone, salt, slate, blue sand- 
stone, and sandstone varigated with blue and red. 
There are numerous salt springs, and salt is manu- 
factured in considerable quantity. Population, 
40,.55S; area, 828 square miles or 529,920 acres. 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



19 



Indiana, the county scat, is situated alxiut fifty 
juiles E. N. E. of Pittsburg, and is a tlourisliing 
borough. The location is licalthy and beauti- 
ful, and contains liandsonic churches and sujicrior 
schools. The State Normal School l)uilding 
here located is the largest in I'cnnsylvania. 
Population, about .■J.OdO. 

JEFFEUSON roUNTY. 

Prom Lycoming, Marcli L'li, 1804. A western 
ventral county, through which traverse the Ma- 
honing and I'cd ]!ank creeks. Tlie surface is 
hilly, many of them being higli and precijiitoi^s. 
The soil, in general, is very fertile, i>roducing 
rich crops of wlicat, rye, oats, corn, potatoes, 
buckwheat and hay. Iron and bituminous coal 
is foun<l in lai-ge quantities, as wtHl as limestone 
of excellent (|uality in several localities. Many 
manufacturing industries arc in the county. — 
Population, 27,935; area, G46 square miles, or 
4i;i.44() acres. 

Ukookville, the county scat, on the Red r>ank 
creek, 170 miles W. N. W. of Harrisburg. The 
town is on the Waterford and Susquehanna turn- 
pike, and was laid out in 1830. The court house 
is a fine specimen of architecture, as well as 
many otiier buildings in the town. Population, 
2,300. 

JUNIATA COUNTY. 

From Mifflin County, March 2, 1831. A south- 
ern central county, and is well watered by the 
Juniata river, and Lost and Tuscarora creeks. 
The surface is much diversified, the soil in the 
valleys being very fertile; belts of rock forma- 
tions range across the county in the same direc- 
tion as the mountains. In these belts or ridges, 
are found limestone, red shale, sandstone and 
green slate. A number of manufacturing indus- 
tries are located in the county. Population, 18,227; 
area,, 407 square miles, or 230,430 acres. 

MiFFJLiNTOWN, the couuty seat, is located about 
eighty-eight miles N. N. E. of Harrisburg, on 
the banks of the Juniata. The town was laid 
out in 1791, and selected as the seat of justice for 
tlic county in 1831, and is quite an active town. 
Population, about 1,000. 

LACKAWANNA COUNTY. 

Prom Luzerne County, August 21, 1878. It is 
the last formed of the counties, and derived its 
name from the small river of that name that 
flows through it. It is one of the most thriving 
counties in the State, and contains nuvny beauti- 
ful liills and valleys. Immense anthracite coal 
fields abound, and large quantities of this article 
are mined, and shipi)ed principally to New York. 
A very considerable percent, of itsjiopulation are 
engaged in numufacturing industries, while the 
trade in lumber and siiinglcs is extensive. Pop- 
ulation, 89,2(>S; area, 424 square miles, or 271,- 
2G0 acres. 

ScRANTON, the county seat, is situated on the 
left liank of the Lackawanna river, in the center 
of tlie coal trade for the Lackawanna \alley, and 



t'ai-ries on an impoiiaut business in mining ami 
shipping coal. The mercantile and industrial in- 
terests of the town are very heavy, and its busi- 
ness avenues are lined with large and handsome 
editices devoted to trade purpo.ses. It is an im- 
portant railroad centre, iis well as the p;)int from 
wliicli almost the entire business of northeast- 
ern Pennsylvania radiates. Its f)ublic buildings 
are large and imposing. I'opiilatiou. 45,8.>0. 

CAunoNDALE is located ab xit seventeen miles 
northeast of Scranton, and near tiie source of 
Lackawanna river. P(3i)ulation, 7,714. 
LANCASTER COUNTY. 

From CTiester County, May 10, 1729. A south- 
eastern cjuuty, udjoiniu ; Mirylaiii, an 1 oui of 
the lealiu^ agricultural c)antiei in tlij [State. 
It is drained by the Susquehanna river,- and Oc- 
tarora and Concstoga creeks. Its surface is diver- 
sified, a ridge calle 1 Si)uth Mountain. orConewi^go 
Hill extending along th.^ northwes:ern border. 
Its mineral resources are extensive, and there is 
no county in the State with such a variety of na- 
tural wealth, nor any wlure the resources have 
been more thoroughly developed. In it is found 
the largest nickel mine in the world, as well as 
extensive lead mines, valuable slate quarries, 
large beds of magnesite, clirome, granite, red and 
grey sandstone, limestone, iron, copper and im- 
mense beds of i)ure red gravel. The agricultural 
developments have reached a high state, and to- 
bacco growing forms an important industry. 
Population, 139,444; area, 973 square miles, or 
622,720 acres. 

LANC.iSTEE. the county seat, is situated about 
sixty-two miles west of Philadelphia, and is an 
important manufacturing centre. It is well built 
and contains many fine edifices, the new court 
house and high school building being noticeable 
features of the town. From 1799 to 1812 it was 
the seat of the State Government, and for many 
years was the largest inland town in the United 
States. Its industries are principally rolling mills, 
cotton mills, watch factories, machine shops, en- 
gine and boiler works, agricultural implements, 
chip hat and bonnet works, organ factories, fiour 
mills and mercantile. Population, 25,709. 

Columbia is situated on the Susquehanna river, 
twelve miles from Lancaster, and is the centre of 
considerable railroad business. Several impor- 
tant industries are located here. Popidation, 8,312. 
LAWRENCE COUNTY. 

From Beaver and Mercer Counties. Mardh 20, 
1849. A western county adjoining Ohio. The Ma- 
honing, Shenango and Beaver rivers, besidfes sev- 
eral considerable creeks, drain the surface, which 
is undulating. The soil, in a greater part of the 
county, is fertile. Bituminous coal is largely 
mined, and vast mines of rich iron ore and inex- 
haustible limestone beds are actively worketl. A 
number of large and important industries are lo- 
cated in the county. Poi>ulation, 33,311 ; area, 
370 scjuare miles, or 240,040 acres. 



20 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



New Castle, the coiintj' seat, is located at the 
confluence of Ne^hannock and Shenango rivers 
about forty-five miles N. N. W. of Pittsburg. 
Four railroads centre here, and the town has con- 
siderable manufacturing interests. It possesses 
a number of handsoirie churches and substantial 
public scliool buildings. Population, 8,416. 
LEBANON COUNTY. 

From Dauphin and Lancaster Counties, Febru- 
ary 10, 181.3. A southeastern central county, and 
drained by Swatara river, aud Little Swatara, 
QuitapahiUa, Tulpehocken and Indian creeks. 
The surface is diversified, the Kittanning or 
Blue Mountains, and South Mountain or Cone- 
wago Hill, forming the northwest and southeast 
boundries respectfully. Tliesoilin the valley is 
exceedingly fertile, and its extensive farms are in 
the highest state of cultivation. The principal 
mineral resource of Lebanon is iron of the rich- 
est kind, and at a place called Cornwall there is 
the most valuable mass of iron ore that has ever 
been discovered on earth. There are three hills 
of this ore, and have been worked for more than 
a century. Copper and a fine variety of grey 
marble are also found. Population, 38,476; area, 
354 square miles, or 227,840 acres. 

Leb.\non, the county seat, is situated about 
twenty-five miles from Harrisburg, and twenty- 
eight from Reading. It was laid out in 1750 and 
called Steitztown, after its founder. In 1818 it 
was changed to present name, and incorporated 
as a borough in 1821. It is a place of consider- 
able importance, and contains many fine edifices, 
manufactories, etc. A handsome soldiers' mon- 
ument is erected in town. Population, 8,778. 
LEHIGH COUNTY. 

From Northampton County, March 6, 1812. 
An eastern county; watered by the Lehigh river, 
and Little Lehigh, J ordon, Coplay andSaiicon 
creeks. Its surface is finely diversified, and two- 
thirds of its area is improved, its soil in the val- 
leys being very fertile. Its mineral resources are 
immense and varied. They consist of Potsdam 
sandstone, crystal-lime magnetic iron, Siberian 
and blue stone, vast iron ore, coal, zinc n ines, 
copper, maganese, hydraulic cement, slate for 
schools and roofing, and excellent sandstone for 
building purposes. The county is full of thriving 
towns, a number of railroads runs through it, 
has large industrial interests, and many iron 
furnaces. Its agricultural productions are very 
extensive. Population, 65,969; area, 364 square 
miles, or 232,960 acres. 

Allentown, the county seat, is pleasantly sit- 
uated on an eminence on the west bank of the 
Lehigh river, fifty-one miles north by west of 
Philadelphia. Tlie streets are constructed at 
right angles, and are wide and kept in good or- 
der. It contains numerous iron works, and 
many other industries, prominent among the 
number being a large silk mill, and is tlie great- 
est business centre in the Lehigh Vallcv, The 



public school buildings are models of architect- 
ure, and there is no city in the State, of the 
same population, where there is so much atten- 
tion paid to education. The Muhlenberg Col- 
lege is located here. Tlie first house in Allen- 
town was built by William Allen in 1750, on a 
grant of 20,000 acres received from William Penn. 
In 1812 it luxame the county town, and in 1838 
its former name of Northampton was changed to 
Allentown. Population, 18,068. 

Catas.\uqua is located on the Lehigh river,, 
three miles from Allentown, and . fifty-four 
miles from Philadeljthia. Very extensive iron; 
works, botli blast furnaces and rolling mills, 
are the principal industries of the town. The- 
first blast furnace in the country that used an- 
thracite coal was built here, and is still in opera- 
tion. It has several churches and good schools. 
Population, 3,800. 

Slatington, eighteen miles west of Allentown, 
is a thriving borough. It is the centre of im- 
mence slate interests, there being twenty-five 
quarries in operation in its immediate vicinity, 
and is now the largest shipping point for slate in, 
the country. Population, 2,500. 

LUZERNE COUNTY. 

From Northumberland County, September 25,. 
1786. A northeastern county, drained by the West 
Branch of the Susquehanna, Lehigh and Lacka- 
wanna rivers, Nescoj^eck, Huntington Wapwal- 
lowpin and other creeks. The surface is pleas- 
antly diversified, several spurs of the Alleghe- 
ny range traverse tlie county, aud receiving- 
various local names as Wyoming, Moosic, Nan- 
ticoke and Lackawanna Mountains. The soil ini 
the valleys is very fertile, particularly in the Wy- 
oming valley, through which flows the beautiful 
Susqueiianna river. Anthracite coal in immense 
quantities is found and mined. It has also very 
extensive industrial establishments, giving em- 
ployment to thousands of men. Population, 
1.33,066; area 926 square miles, or 592,640 acres. 

WiLKESBARRE, the couut}^ Seat, is located on 
the North Branch of the Susquehanna, 110 miles, 
north east of Harrisburg, and about the centre 
of the Wyoming Valley. In churches, public 
schools, houses for friendless chiklren, liistorical. 
and other organizations, the city lias attained 
prominent eminence. Its many extensive indus- 
trial establishments largely give Wilkesbarre the 
title of a manufacturing city. It is one of the 
principal shipping points for antliracite coal, 
immence beds of which surround the town. 
The city has all the elements of moral and fiiiaa- 
cial greatness. Population, 23,.336. 

PiTTSTON, is situated about ten miles north-east 
of Wilkesbarre. The town is largely engaged in 
mining, and has ample railroad facilities, by 
which vast quantities of anthracite coal is shipi)ed. 
Population, about 10,000. 

ILvzLETON, an active business borough, is situ- 
ated in the extreme southern endnl'the couiitv 



K]:S()riJ(KS OF THE LICIIIGH VALLEY. 



21 



and alxtut 15 miios W. N. W. of .Maudi ('lumk. 
It is tluMontrc of tho well known Ihizleton an- 
thracite coal ba.sin, and within a radins of a few 
miles there are many collieries, principally owned 
by the Lehigh Valley Railroad (.'oiupany, but 
operated by private parties. The town has a 
number of tine churches and good public schools- 
roi)ulation, 8.(100. 

LYCOMING COUNTY. 
From Northumberland County, April 13, 179o. 
A nortlieastern central county through which 
flows the West IJranch of the Susquehanna river 
and Muncy, Loyalsock, Lycoming and Pine 
-creeks. The surface is mountainous, the main 
range ofthe AUeghenies traversing the county 
under tlie name ofthe North Mountain. The 
indu.striesof the county consist of lumber, wheat, 
tanneries, factories in many branches of trade, 
saw mills, iron works, etc. The mineral resources 
arc bituminous and semi-bituminous ctial, fosrsil 
iron, limestone, black marble, black oride of 
maganese, copper ore, green carbonate of iron, 
stone-ware, and several sliades of mineral paints. 
Several of tlie streams disap])ear in the county 
under limestone rocks, and where they go to has 
not been discovered Population, 57,486; area, 
1,213 square miles, or 770,320 acres. 

WiLLi.\MSPORT, the county seat, is located on 
The north bank of the West Branch of the Sus- 
quelianna river, ninety miles north of Harris- 
burg. The town is handsomely built, and the 
streets very wide, nicely shaded, and kept in ex- 
cellent condition. Lumber is the leading indus- 
try, although there are many other industrial 
-works which give Williamsport the title of an 
important manufacturing town. Several railroads 
give it ample and frequent communication with 
other parts of the Sta'e. Population, 18,934. 
M(tKEAN COUNTY. 

From Lycoming County, March 20, 1804. A 
N. N. W. county, drained by the Allegheny river 
and numerous creeks. The surface hilly, in the 
greater part of the county farming table lands, 
which are well adapted for grazing and dairy 
purposes. The coal fields are extensive, also in- 
numerable springs of cold water, and dense for- 
ests of hemlock and hard wood. The lumber 
trade is very large, and within its limits are 
some of the largest tanneries in the world. The 
county gives promise of a great future, as some 
of its latent cniterprises are more thoroughly 
worked. Poi)ulation, 42^5J0; urea, 1,007 square 
miles, or (544,480 acres. 

S.MErupORT, tiie county seat, is situated 190 
miles northwest of Harrisburg, and was laid 
out in 1807, but no permanent settlement was 
made until 1822. Population, 1200. 
MERCER COUNTY. 

From Allegheny County, JSIarch 12, 1800. A 
northwest county, adjoining the State of Ohio. 
It is well watered by the Shenango river and 
^•"r.euclv ..Hhanuock, Sandy and I'ynuituning 



creeks. The surface is undulating and hilly, and 
the soil in the valley is very fertile. Its indus- 
tries are extensive farming and grazing, immense 
coal mining and iron manufactories It is un- 
derlaid with limestone, and may be cla.ssed as a 
great agricultural and i)rosperous iron mining 
county. Population, .50,102; area, 666 square 
miles, or 426,240 acres. 

ISIkrckk, the county seat, is about sixty miles 
north by west of Pittslnirg. It was laid out in 
1803, and since the building of the two railroads 
that intersect it, has made rapid strides to- 
ward becoming the most populus town in the 
county. - A State school for soldiers' orphans was 
located here. Population, about 2,-500. 

Sh.\ron is a flourishing town in the western 
part ofthe county, on the Ohio State line, sixteen 
miles west of Mercer. It has numerous churcheS, 
some manufactories several blast furiuux»s and 
foundries, and is the business centre of a large 
coal trade. Population, about 6,000. 
MIFFLIN COUNTY. 

From Cumberland and Northumberland ('oun- 
ties, September 19, 1789. A southern central coun- 
ty, well drained by the Juniata riverand Kishico- 
quillas, Jacks, and Sinking creeks. The surface 
is mountainous, and the mineral resources are 
immense limestone formations, pipe ore, white 
.sandstone, so salicious that it is made into glass- 
ware. Salt-i)etre is procured from numerous 
caves in limestone rocks. Population, 19,577; 
area, 377 square miles, or 215,680 acres. 

Lewistown, the county .seat, on the Juniata 
river about sixty miles northwest of Harrislnirg. 
The borough is located on elevated ground, and 
is extensively engaged in manufacturing and 
mercantile business. It is substantially built, and 
presents an attractive appearance. Several rail- 
roads either terminate or pass through the 
town, the Pennsylvania being on the opposite 
side ofthe river. Poi)ulation, about 5,000. 
MONROE COUNTY. 

From Northampton and Pike Counties, April 
1, 1836. An eastern county, adjoining New Jer- 
sey, the Delaware river forming the boundary 
line. The surface is diversitied, several long 
ridges and spurs, with narrow valleys, ])redomi- 
nating in some portions. In the soutliern por- 
tion of the county, where the Delaware cuts 
through the Blue Mtuuitains, is the famous Del- 
aware Water Gap, which is a much-visited sum- 
mer resort. An imnuMise swamp covers the 
northern portion of the county at the head wa- 
ters of the Lehigh. The numy water courses 
furnish ample power for numerous industries, 
including Hour mills, tanneries, foundries, etc. 
Population, 20,175; area. 595.square miles, or ,380,- 
800 acres. 

Stkoudsbirg, the county seat, is in the lower 
Pocono valley, one hundred and eighty miles 
northeast of Harrisl)urg, and is a quiet town, the 
business being confined to mercantile. Thestreets 



22 



RESOURCES OF THE r^EHIGII VAT.LEY. 



are wide, and the town is very liealtliy. A few 
niiles to tlie south is located the Dehiware Water 
Gap. Population, 2,000. 

MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

From Philadelphia County, September 10, 17S4. 
A soulheastern county, throiigh which Hows the 
Schuylkill river, and Perkionien, Mantawny and 
Wi.-^sahickon creeks. The surface is pleasantly 
diversitied, tiic agricultural re.sources amount to 
about one-tifth of the valuation of the county, 
tlie soil being very fertile, producing in one year, 
besides the ordinary crops, 98,701 tons of hay, 
and 3,048,098 pounds of butter, the greatest 
amount of each i-aised in any county in the 
State. The mineral resources of the county are 
primitive rock, gneiss, tale slate, limestone, 
marble, iron ore, red shale, sandstone, and cop- 
per. The manufacturing industries of the 
county are very extensive, making it one of the 
richest in production and wealth, agricultural, 
mineral, and manufacture, in the State. Popu- 
lation, 9G,494; area 4M sijuare miles, or 309,700 
acres. 

NoERiSTOWN, the ctiunty seat, is located on the 
banks of the Schuylkill river sixteen miles north- 
west of Philadeljiliia. It is finely situated in a 
rich farming district, is regularly laid out, and 
neatly and handsomely built. The court house, 
a Corinthian structure, is said to be one of the 
finest of its class in the United States. There is 
also a handsome and substantial county prison, 
numerous churches, several academies, and ex- 
cellent graded public schools. Extensive cotton 
and woollen mills, glass works, rolling mills, iron 
works, tack W(jrks and other manufacturing 
industries are numerous. The business centered 
here is very large, and the town has few eipials 
as a place of residence. Population, 13.0(34. 

PoTTSTOwx, situated on the Schuylkill river, 
about thirty-seven miles northwest of Philadel- 
phia, and is in the extreme western end of the 
county. It is a place of much business activity, 
and contains several extensive manufactories. 
Population, about 0,000. 

CoNSHOHOcKKN is Situated on the Schuylkill 
river about thirteen miles northwest of Philadel- 
phia, and is the location of extensive iron works, 
and other important industries, among them 
being print works, cotton and woolen mills, etc. 
The Reading railroad and Schuylkill canal pass 
through the town. Pojuilation about 4,000. 
Across the Schuylkill, is located the Borough of 
West Conshohocken, with iron works, woolen 
mills, etc. Population, about 2,000. 
MONTOUR COUNTY. 

From Colundjia County, May 3. 1850. An eastei'n 
central county, through which courses the West 
Branch of the Susquehanna river, and Chillisa- 
quaque and Roaring creeks. The surface is 
mountainous, the only product of any con.se- 
quence being iron manufacture, which is pro- 
duced mostly at the county seat. Large quanti- 



ties of lilnr marble are found in the county, 
whicli is \a!'i iblcfor b lildin^-parposes, a.nd there 
are a uumln'i- of agricultural districts drainc-d by 
the streams. I'o]iulation, 15,466; area, 140 square 
miles, or 89,600 acres. 

Danville, the county seat, is situated on the 
West Branch of the Susquehanna river, about 
twelve miles above Sunbury. It has immense 
iron foundries, a nuudier of churches, schools, 
and many fine jirivate residences. A short dis- 
taiK'e from the town is located the State Hos- 
pital for the Insane, a portion of which was re- 
cently destrovedby fire. The town hasexcelleuL 
railroad facilities. Population, about 9,000. 
NORTHAMPTON COUNTY 

From Berks County, Marcli 11, 1752. An east- 
ern county, adjoining New Jereey, from which it 
is separated by the Delaware river. Its surface is- 
much diversitied, and mountainous in the north- 
west and southeast. It is drained by the Dela- 
ware and Lehigh rivers, and ^lartins, Monocacy, 
Saucon and Bushkill creeks. The soil is fertile., 
and productive of heavy crops of grass and alL 
kinds of cereals, wheat, buckwheat and Indian 
corn predominating. The great industries are- 
the productictn of iron, zinc and slate. The min- 
erals are prinuiry rocks, gneiss, magnetic iron,, 
limestone and superior slate. There are numer- 
ous iron furna(;cs in the county, and many thriv- 
ing towns. Population, 70,316; area, 382 square 
miles, or 244,280 acres. 

E.\sTON, the county seat, is located at the con- 
fluence of the Lehigh and Delaware rivers, about 
56 miles north of Philadelphia, and 100 E.N. E. of 
Ilarrisburg. The town is regularly laid out with 
wide streets, kept in excellent condition, and at 
the intersection of the two priiu-ipal oiu's is loca- 
ted a baautiful ci re ilar grass plot. Tii.> s ipply of" 
water is of the best and abundant. It ci)ntains- 
many elegant residences, and has one of the- 
most efficient fire departments outside of Phil- 
adelphia. It is an important railroad centre, auili 
has considerable manufacturing interests. Upon 
a commanding elevation is situated Lafayette 
College, the buildings of which are the liandsom- 
est of the kind in the State. The mercantile 
business covers a wide extent of co.mtry. Popu- 
tion, 11,924. 

Bethlehem, on the Lehigh river, fifty-one- 
miles from Philadelphia. It was founded in. 
1741 by the Moravians, who have here a large 
church, seminary, and other jniljlic buildings. 
The town is delightfully situated, and has wide 
streets and well shaded walks. Hcantiful build- 
ings are in every part of the town, and is one of 
the finest boroughs in the State. Many iiiterest- 
ings associations are connected with the historj- 
of the place, and is a attractive point for visitors.. 
Bishopthori>e, a popular ladies' sendnary, is here 
located. It is a centre of railroads and consider- 
able wealth. Population, 5,193. 

South Easton, on the south side of the Lehigh 



rKSoritrivS OK THE LEHKJII VAI.I^KY. 



23 



river, and connected vvitli Ka'ston by an iron 
bridge. Extensive wire works and woolen mills, 
iiN well as tbe repair shops of the Lehijih Valley 
Railroad are herelocaled. Very little mercantile 
tratle, Easton being the source of supply of the 
town. Population, about 3;000. 

South Ukthf.kuem, on tiie soutJi side of the 
Lehigh river, and the location of the extensive 
Kethlehem iron works, and also the zinc works, 
and several other inii)ortant industries. The Le- 
high University, founded by the Hon. Asa Pack- 
er, oecuj)ies an eligible location, and St. Luke 
Hospital, a line institution for em]>l()yees of the 
L. V. ]{. R.. is -situated on an eminence to the 
west of the town. Population, about 3,000. 

NAZARErii, an attractively situated borough, 
about fifty-nino miles north of Philadelphia, and 
the location of the Moravian Seminary. Well 
laid out, with public square, and many hand- 
some residences. Population, about 1,500. 
NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY. 

From Lancaster, Cumberland, Berks, Bedford 
and Northampton Counties, March 21, 1772. An 
eastern central county, and drained by the North 
and West Branch of the Sustjuebanna river, and 
Shamokin, Mahanoy, and Mabantongo creeks. 
The surface is hilly and mountainous, and in the 
valleys very fertile. The most important miner- 
al production is anthracite coal, of which large 
quantities are mined. There are a number of 
lumber and saw mills, and other mechanical 
and manufacturing industries in different sec- 
tions of tbe territory. Considerable limestone is 
also found. Population, 53,123; area, 462 square 
miles, or 295,080 acres. 

SuNBURY, the county seat, on the Susquehanna 
river fifty-six miles north of Harrisburg. Large 
quantities of anthracite coal is shipped from 
here, and within a year its business interests lias 
made rapid growth. An important railroad cen- 
tre and a borough of nearly one hundred years. 
Population, about 0,000. 

SiiAMOKiN, eighteen miles E. S. E. of Sunbury, 
a town of some importance. i)rincipally engaged 
in coal mining. Three railroads gives it commu- 
nication with the centre of trade and business, 
and carrying to market coal from the extensive 
fields that surround the town. Pojiulation, 
«,1.S4. 

Milton is located about seventy miles north of 
Harrisburg, on the West Branch of the Susque- 
hanna river. In 18S0 a conflagration destroyed 
the greater portion of tlie towu, but it has been 
rebuilt since, and is now a very attractive town. 
The business interests is principally nuuiufactur- 
ing and mercantile. Poj)ulation, about 3,500. 
PERRY COUNTY. 

From Cumberland County, March 22, 1820. 
A southeastern central county, drained by the 
Susquehanna and Juniata rivers, and Shernuui's 
creek. Surface is mountainous, being bounded 
nortbea.Nt and .soutiica.st hv Tuscaroru and Blue 



Mountains respectively. The mineral produc- 
tions are fossil iron ore and a superi(}r quality of 
limestone. The soil in the valleys is remarkably 
fertile, producing fruits, vegetables, and cereals 
in abundance. Population, 27,522; area, 476 
square mile^, or.S04,640 acres. 

Nkw Bt.ooMFiKLD, the county seat, is located in 
Mahanoy valley, about 20 miles northwest of 
Harrisburg. Very little business outside of mer- 
cantile is transacted. Population, about 700. 
PHILADELPHIA COUNTY. 

One of the three original counties of the Prov- 
ince, formed in 1682. The entire county now is in 
tbe corporate limits of the city. 

PiiiLAUELPHiA, a port of entry, the second city 
of the United States in population, but in tiie 
number of dwelling houses and manufactures far 
surpassing all other American cities. It is ninety 
six miles from the mouth of Delaware Bay, one 
hundred and thirty-six miles northeastof Wash- 
ington, and eighty-seven miles soutliwest of 
New Y'->rk City ; latitude, 39° 57' north, longi- 
tude, 75° 10' west. The areaof the city, (embrac- 
ing all of the county), is one hundred and thirty 
square miles, and lias a front on the Delaware of 
over fifteen miles, and also on both sides of the 
Schuylkill, which runs through the built up 
portion of the city. The city was originally built 
in the form of a i)arallelogram with main streets 
running from river to river and other streets in- 
tersecting them at right angles. The city is well 
provided with handsome j)arks, the largest being 
Fairmount, which contains nearlj- 3.000 acres, i.s 
the most extensive in the world, and in beauty 
equalling any. 

I'liiladeljihia has many handsome buililings, 
prominent among them being Girard College, 
Masonic Temple, Penn Square Building, (the 
handsomest in this country, costing already 
and not yet finished, near $10,000,000, and 
upon which will be the highest spire in tbe world \ 
New Post Office, •Custom House, and Ridgway 
Library. Independence Hall, the scene of the sit- 
tings of the Continental Congress and the signing 
of the Declaration of Independence, is the mecca 
for all liberty-loving people. No city in the Union 
has finer church buildings, there being near 
five hundred distinct church edifices. The envi- 
rons of the city contain handsome ceme- 
etcries, and in various parts are located many 
buildings devoted to benevolent jiurposes, which 
are liberally maintained. There are numerous 
theaters, and many libraries, while the educa- 
tional facilities are unsurpassed, the public school 
system reaching a perfection not attained but 
by few cities. The League Island navy yard is 
one of the most important owned liy the Govern- 
ment, while the old navy yard, (now belonging 
to the Pennsylvania R. R.), located directly in 
thickly built-up portion of the city, during the 
war furnished the Federal navy with some of 
its finest vessels. 



24 



REfSOUIM'KS OF TIIK T^EIIKHI V.M.I.IA', 



The maiuifai-turiiiK intcivsts is tlio lar-cst of 
any fity in tlie country, its industries iuinil)i.'r- 
ing 9,05(1, ami oniploys 197,!);iU hands, to whom 
are paid .*(iH,(iL'7,882 per annum in wages. Tlie 
amount of capital used is $hS(i,(iS(i,!m, producing 
manufactured goods lo the vahie of *3L':2,!)«4,4H1. 
The lea(hng industries are cotton, woolen and 
mixed goods, sugar refining, carpets, clothing, 
chennoals, hosiery and knit goods, meat packing, 
boots, shoes, etc. The city is divided into thirty- 
one wards, the gt)vernment being vested in the 
mayor, (with the vetoeing iH>wer,) and two 
branches of councils. Tlie revenue of the city 
from all sources is $31,4-25,000; and has a debt of 
about .-STl.Ol 000. Philadeli>hia was planned aiul 
settled by ^Villiam Fenn, May 30, 1685, and Oct<j- 
ber 28, 1701, was incorporated as a city, on Sep- 
tendier 4, 1774 the Continental Congre.ss met in 
Carpenter's Hall, and on July 4, 177t) declared 
the colonies a free and indei)endent nation from 
the steps of Independence Hall. Its history 
since that time has been one of progress and 
growth. Population, 846,984. 

PIKE COUNTY, 

From "Wayne County, March 26, 1814. A east 
by north county, adjoining New York on the 
northeast and New .Jersey on the southeast. The 
streams that traverses the county are the Dela- 
ware river, and Lackawanna, Shohola, and Bush- 
kill creeks. The surface is hilly and broken, and 
covered with timber, which forms the chief in- 
dustry of its inhabitants. Population, )),()(U; 
area, 631 S(]uare miles, or 403,480 acres. 

M [ I, FoRU, the county seat, is located about one 
hundred and sixty nules E. N. E. of Harrisburg. 
The court house is a handsome building, and 
adds much to the apjiearance of the town. Pop- 
ulation. alKiut 800. 

POTTER COUNTY. 

From Lyconnng. March 2(), 1804. A northern 
county, adjoining New York, and watered by the 
Genesee and AUgeheny rivers, and numerous 
small creeks. The surface is uneven and hilly, 
and for many years lumber was the chief indus- 
tr\'. Some parts of the county is very fertile, the 
cereals thriving abundantly, and well acbipted 
for grazing. Population, 13,798 ; area, 1,071, or 
685,440 acres. 

CovDKRSPORT, the county seat, on the Alle- 
gheny river, about one hundred and seventy- 
four miles N. W. N. of Harrisbui'g, and is a 
flourishing town. It has good public schools 
and a nund^er of industrial works, consisting of 
tanneries, grist mills, saw nulls, etc. Population, 
about 1,000. 

SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

From Berks and Northampton Covinties, 
March 1, 1811. An eastern county, drained by 
the Schuylkill river and Swatara creeks. Its sur- 
face is mountainous, being traversed by the 
Broad, Sharp and Mahonoy Mountains. Almost 
all the area of the county is occupied by anthra- 



cite coal, N'arving IVoni three to ten feet in thick- 
ness, wliicii I'ornis tlie i)rincipal prt>duct of the 
coiuity, iiniLiense (puuitities being annually 
nuned and exported. Extensive bed of iron ore 
are also foiuid, and its iron foundries and places 
for manufacture o{ iron are among the largest 
in the country. While Schuylkill is not an ag- 
ricultural county, considerable attention is paid 
to farming in some j)ortions. Population, 12'J,- 
977; area, 840 sipiare miles, or 537,600 acres. 

F'orrsvxi.ijc, the c )unty seat is located about 
n in (y -three miles north west of Philadelphia, and is 
a i)lace of rapid growth, which is chictly due to the 
rich iron and coal mines in the vicinity. The 
borough is situated on a very uneven site, but 
the town is generally well bxiilt and contains 
some very tine residences. It is a great coal trans- 
portation centre, and has many large industries 
engaged in the manufacture of iron, machinery, 
carpets, woolen goods, etc. The town was laid 
out in 181G, and became the county seat in 1851. 
Population, 13.253. 

vShenandoah, a thriving mining town, anthra- 
cite coal in great abundance being brought to the 
surface in its immediate vicinity. Two railroads 
give ample shipping facilities. A town of rapid 
growth. Populatif)n, about 9,000. 

^Iahanoy City, one of the most active mining 
towns in the coal regions, is located aboiit thir- 
teen miles northeast of Pottsville. Population, 
8,000. 

AuBt;RN, is located al out eighty-three miles 
northwest of Philadelphia and southeast of 
Pottsville. Population, about 7,000. 
SNYDER COUNTY. 
From Union County, March 2, 1855. An east- 
ern central county, bounded on the east by the 
Susquehanna river. The surface is hilly, and 
lying between two mountains. It is one of the 
finest wheat growing counties in the State, and 
in some parts iron ore and coal is fouiul in great 
abundance and easy of access. Lumbering is 
carried on very extensively. Population, 17,797; 
area, 317 square miles, or 202,880. 

JIiDDLKBURG, the county seat, is located about 
sixty miles north of Harrisburg, and is very gen- 
erally known as Swinefordstown. It is an agri- 
cultural town, the business interests being almost 
entirely mercantile. Population, about 600. 
SOMERSET COUNTY. 
From Bedford County, April 17, 1795. A 
Bouthern county, bordering on Maryland. The 
surface is diversified, the soil well adai)ted to 
pasturing, and well watered by the Castleuuui 
river, and Laurel Hill and Stony creeks. Every 
variety of timber grows upon its surface, and has 
a number of industries, including lumber, leath- 
er, fire brick, wM)olen goods, etc. Population, 
33,146; area, 1,102 square miles, or 705,280 acres. 
Somerset, the county seat, is located seventy 
miles E. S. E. of Pittsburg, and was laid out in 
1790. In 1833 the town was destroyed by lire. 



resources; or the r.Eiiicir vai.i.ky. 



25 



the work of an iiiceiidiiiry. and in l-<7ii it >liared 
the same fate. It now contains a nunil)er of 
fine buildinj,'s, the court house Ijeinji a tine 
specimen of aroliitecture. Poiiulatinn, aijout 
2,900. 

SULLIVAN nOUXTY. 

From Lycoming County, Marcli 15, 1S47. A 
N. N. E. county, and traversed by the Loyalsock, 
Muncy, and Little Loyalsock creeks. Thesurface 
is elevated and covered with forests, and crossed 
by the Allegheny mountains. The manufactur- 
ing industries are mostly confined to tanning 
hides. Semi-anthracite coal free from gas and 
sulphur is foiHid, with some indications of cop- 
per, lead, iron ore and grey lim('-*t>ne. Popula- 
tion, 8,073; area 434 square niiles, or '277,7(30 j 
acres. 

L.\portf:, the county seat, is located near the 
geograhpical centre of the county, one hundred | 
and seven miles northeast of Harrishurg. All l 
the public buildings are under one roof. Popu- 
lation, about 800. 

SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY. j 

Prom Luzerne County, February 21, 1810. A 
N. N. E. county, bordering on New York. Its 
stream.s are the North Branch of the Susquehan- 
na river, and Choconut, Mesho])jien. Tunklian- 
nock and Wyalusing creeks. The surface is 
hilly and adapted to grazing and dairy i)urposes. 
It has extensive industries, and its people are 
thrifty and industrous. There are several min- 
eral springs possessing great medicinal virtues, 
and numerous small lakes. Population, 40,3.37; 
area, 828 square miles, or 529,920 acres. 

Montrose, the county seat, is situated about 
one hundred and sixty-five miles north by west 
of Philadelphia, and is a manufacturing town of 
some prominence, the industries being ]>rincipally 
the production of agricultural impleuicnts, wool- 
len goods, etc. Population, 2,000. 
TIOGA COUNTY. 

From Lycoming County, March 2fi, 1804. A 
"northern county, bordering on New York. The 
Tioga river and Cowanesque and Pine creeks, 
traverse its surface, whicli is hilly. Its mineral 
resources consist of vast quantities of semi- 
bituminous coal, iron ore, fine clay, salt, mineral 
springs, and ore possessing the (pialities of steel. 
The soil is adapted to ])astura'j:e, there being muny 
highly cultivated regions in difierent sections. 
The forests are extensive and valuable. I'opula- 
tion, 45,811; area, 1,124 square miles, or 719,360 
acres. 

Wellsbopo, the ccmnty seat, is located about 
one hundred and forty-five miles northwest of 
Harrisburg, and is a town of considerable energy 
and enterprise. It was laid out in 180t>, and has 
now many improvements and industries. Pop- 
ulation, about 1,800. 

UNION COUNTY. 

From Northumberland Couiuy. .March 22, 1813. 
An eastern central county. Well drained l)y the 



8us(juelianna river, and its West Fork; also Buf- 
falo, Penn, and White Deer creeks. The surface 
is traversed by the Buffalo, Jack. Nittany and 
Shade ridges of the Allegheny mountains, while 
the soil in the valleys is fertile. Iron and lime- 
stone is found. Population, 16,iX)5; area, 315 
square miles, or 201,600 acres. 

Lewisburg, the county seat, on tlie West 
Branch of the Sus(|uehanna river, about sixty- 
nine miles north of Harrisburg. It is notable 
for the early attention of its residents to popular 
education, its first acailemy being a log cabin. It 
is now the location of a niagnificient University, 
ei-ected by- the Ba[)tists, one of tlie best in the 
State. The town is surrounded with beauti- 
ful scenery. and is substantially built, 
with many handsome residences. Population, 
about 4,000. 

VENANGO COUNTY. 

From Allegheny and Lycoming Counties. 
March 12, 1800. A northwestern county, through 
which runs the Allegheny river, and also French, 
Oil, Racoon and Teonista creeks. The surface 
is diversified, and its soil is moderately fertile, 
and suitable for pjvsturage. It yields immense 
quantities of petroleum and the greatest produ- 
cing county in the State. Pojmlation, 43,670; 
area 658 square miles, or 421,120 acres. 

Fr.\nklin, the county seat, on French creek, 
about sixty-eight miles north of Pittsburg. The 
town is surrounded by steep hills, and is well 
and substantially built. The streets are wide and 
intersect each other at right angles. Has several 
railroads, and its business interests are numufac- 
turing, mercantile, and those connected with the 
l>roduction of petroleum. Population, about 
6,00(). 

Oil City is situated at the cunfiuence of Oil 
creek and Allegheny river, about thirty-six miles 
southeast of Meadville. Previous to 1860 it was 
a hamlet scarcely known outside the county, but 
the immense yield of petroleum in the vicinity 
has caused it to increase rapidly in jjopulation 
and importance. Population, 7,315. 
WARREN COUNTY. 

From Allegheny and Lycoming Counties, 
March 12, 1800. A N. N. W. county, bordering 
on New York. It is watered by the Allegheny 
river, and Broken Straw, Conewago, Leonesta, 
and Kenyua creeks. The county was at one time 
covered with timber to a very considerable extent, 
but its people are now engagetl in agriculture, the 
cleared land producing good crops of grain and 
grass. Petroleum was largely produced, but this 
industry of late years has declined. Poinilation, 
27,981 ; area, 914 sijuare miles, or 584,960 acres. 

Warrkn, the county seat, is located one hun- 
dred and twenty miles N. N. E. of Pittsburg and 
contains a numl)er of large industrial establish- 
ments. The Northwestern State Asylum for the 
Insane is a large and beautiful area of fine build- 
ings. Population, about S.tXX). 



26 



RESOURCES OF THE LEIIIOII VAT.T.ICY, 



WAsirrxoTON county. 

From Westmorolaiul County, MiiiVh 2S. 1781. 
A W. S. W. county, bordering on Virginia. Its 
streams are Monongahela river, and Chartier, Ra- 
coon, Wheeling and Ten-Mile creeks. The sur- 
face is diversified, and the soil fertile, the county 
being an excellent agricultural district. Tlie 
chief industry is the raising of cattle iuid produc- 
ing wool. The only minerals found witliin its 
limits are bituminous coal and limestone. Pop- 
Tilation, 55,417 ; area, 889 s(iuare miles, or 568,960 
acres. 

Washington, tlie county scat, is located about 
twenty-five miles southwest of Pittsburg. The 
most noticeal>le features of the town is the 
Washington and Jefferson College, which was 
founded in 1790, it previously liaving been an 
academy. In 1835 a female seminary was estab- 
lished here. The town is attractive in appearance, 
and the centre of considerable business. Popu- 
lation, about 5,000. 

WAYNE COUNTY. 

From Northampton County, Marcii 21. 1798. 
A northeastern county, bordering on New York. 
The principal resources of the jieople are manu- 
facturing and agriculture. Butter and i-lieese in 
large quantities are exported to New York City. 
The mineral deposits are coal, leiid, and iron ore, 
but they remain generally in their primitive state. 
Its streams are the Delaware river, and Lacka- 
wanna, Dyberry, Starucca and Equinunck creeks. 
Population, 33,512; area, 747 square miles, or 
478,080 acres. 

HoNESDALE, the cuuuty seat, is located one 
liundred and sixty miles northeast of Harrisburg, 
and is the largest town in the county. It is one 
of the finest towns in nortiieast Pennsylvania, 
being noted for wide and cleanly streets, and 
neat and attractive houses. It has a public park, 
soldiers' monviment, public library, churches, gas 
and water w^irks. Population, about 6,000. 
WESTMORELAND COUNTY. 

From Bedford County, February 26, 1773, and 
in 1785 part of the purchase of 1784 was added 
thereto. A southwestern county, through wliich 
runs the Allegheny and Y'oughioghany rivers. 
Its surface is hilly and mountainous, and the 
valleys and table lands are very fertile, sutficient 
to give the county great agricultural prodiu'tions. 
Among its minci'als are stone-coal, limestone and 
slate, and tlie nuiking of coke forms an importnnt 
industry. In this tjiere is very lai"ge capital in- 
terested, it being the chief centre of the State tor 
coke burning. Population, 78,129 ; area, 1.046 
square miles, or 669,440 acres. 

(iREENsmiRci, the county seat, is lottated about 
thirty-two nnles E. S. E. of Pittsburg. It has 
all the elements of prosperity, and the residents 
liave consideraijje public spirit. The business 
interests are principally coal and agriculture, 



tngeiiicr with a large mercantile trade. Popula- 
tion, aliout 5,000. 

WYOMING COUNTY. 

From Luzerne county, Ajiril 4, 1842. A north- 
eastern county, througli which runs the North 
Branch of the Susquehanna riv(?r, and Bowman. 
Manhospeny and Tunkhannock creeks. The 
surface is mountainous, and the soil in the low 
lands is exceedingly prolific, tlie hill sides being 
adapted to grazing purposes. There are many lakes 
in the county, surrounded with tall pine and 
hemlock. Population, 15,598; area, 403 square 
miles, or 237,920 acres. 

Tunkhannock, the county seat, is located 
about twenty miles nortiiwest of Scranton. It 
was laid out in 1790 and incorporated in 1841. 
The Montrose railroad intersects the Lehigh 
Valley at this place, this affording the citizens 
railroad communication with the outside world. 
The town is attractively built, and the largest in 
the county. Population, 2,000. 

YORK COUNTY. 

From Lancaster County, August 1.9, 1749. A 
S. S. E. county, bordering on Maryland. It is- 
drained by the Susriuehanna river, and Codorus, 
Conewago, and Yellow Breeciies creeks. The 
surface is broken and hilly, but not mountainous. 
The county contains limestone of good quality, 
iron and steel ore, and roofing slate. The land iix 
the greater part is fertile, and agriculture is the 
pi-incipal industry. The farmers are generally 
prosperous, having convenient market for the 
sale of their produce, nearly all parts of the coun- 
ty being accessible liy railroad. The iron ore 
here found is considered to be equal to any, and 
is largely shipped to other points, there being but 
one blast furnace in the county. Population, 
87,839 ; area, 921 square miles, or 589,440 acres. 

York, the county seat, is situated twenty-eight 
miles S. S. E. of Harrisburg, on the banks of the 
Codorus. It is a rich and thriving borough, be- 
ing the location of many important industries, 
including car works, numerous manufactories of 
water wheels, iron works, agricultural imple- 
ments, carriages, etc. It is one of the most im- 
lM)rtant towns in southeastern Pennsylvania, 
and is compactly built, containing many hand- 
some private residences, and attractive churches 
and public buildings. An opera house, recently 
ere:!te I, is one of the finest in the State. Other 
inqirovements give the town many advantages as 
a phu-e for business and residence. The Conti- 
nental Congrees met here while tiie British army 
were in Philadelphia. Population, 13,940. 

Hanover is located about eighteen miles south- 
west of York, near the line between Adams and 
York Counti&s. The town was founded in 1764. 
and was incorporated as a borough in 1815. 

Wkiuhtsville is situated on the west bank of 
the Sus(iuehainui river, about eleven miles K N. 
E. of York. Population, 2,500. 



EUSTON. 



-A RICH AND THRIVING BOROUGH- 



-ATTKACTIVEIA' SITFATET* AT THF, FOOT 



PF THK LEHIGH VALLEY. AND AN IMPORTANT RAILROAD (EN rUE- 
NUMEROUS INDUSTRIES AND A POINT OF MUCH BUSINESS. 



At the point where the Lehigh pours its turbu- 
lent waters into those of the Delaware, is loca- 
ted one of tlie most attractive towns of the Com- 
mon wealth — Easton. Nature here has lavished 
herself to form an area that is at once attractive 
and inviting for nearly all purposes of life, and 
when the improvements of man has been added 
t(l those personally designed for him by "He wlio 
rules all things well," there is presented a view 
that is at once pleasing to the eye and instruc- 
tive to the mind. Such can be well said of the 
spot selected by Thomas Penn, who, in a letter 
from England, dated September 8, 1751, to Gov- 
ernor Hamilton says : "Some time since I 
wrote to Dr. Graeme and Mr. Petei"S to 
lay out some ground in the forks of the 
Delaware for a tov;n, which I suppose 
they have done or began to do. I desire it may 
be called Easton, from my LordPomfrefs house, 
and wlienever there is a new county that it 
shall be called Northampton." 

THE TOWN SIKVEYED. 

The town, however, had been surveyed in 1850. 
and was then in the county of Bucks. At the 
time of the survey the nearest public house was 
some six miles up the Bushkill or Lehicton creek. 
and at this place boarded those who were engaged 
in the work. The site of the town wa?* pleasant 
aiui agreeable, the banks of the streams being high 
and clear, and originally contained alxiut one 
hundred acres. The first inhabitants were 
almost entirely cut off from any conununication 
with the interior of the country, as no roads had 
been laid out to the town, aiul its only means 
of access being the Indian paths, which as all the 
travel of that time was on foot may have an- 
swered very well. But soon after the settlement 
slowly grew in jiopulution.and roads were laid out. 



among the first being one from Easton to Read- 
ing. 

FORMATION OF THE COUNTY. 

On the 11th of May. 1751, a petition was pre- 
sented in the Hoi;se of Assembly for the creation 
of a new county, and after considerable debate 
at the next session in February, 17r)2, the petition 
was granted, and March 11, 17-i2, the bill was 
signed by the Governor. Easton was selected as 
the county seat, and the first court of the county 
of Northampton was held on .June IG, 1752. The 
first elertiou was held at Easton, October 1, of the 
same year, for tlie whole county. At that time 
there were eleven tamilies living in the town, in 
all, pi'obably about forty people, and in 175:5 the 
the county jail was finished. 

EASTON's early HISTORY. 

The town appeared to make very slow growtli. 
but the few that had settled thei'e, in 1755 built 
the first church and school house, a portion of 
the money for the latter having been contribu- 
ted by parties not residents of the town. About 
this time the Indians gave the people considerable 
trouble, and it is stated dtu"ing a portion of the 
year 1756 busiiu'ss was entirely paralyzed, and 
self-protection engageil their whole attention. 
In July, 175<!. a treaty was entered into between 
the settlers anil the Indians, and a general peace 
was concluded in (Jctol>er. 175"^. Tlie holding of 
these comnumications with the Imlians. from 
175(1 to 1762. attracted to the young town of 
Easton many of the prominent men of that 
time as well as the chiefs of the nations in Penn- 
sylvania and New York, and gave it prominence 
that it would not otherwise have attained. 

The improvemeius in Easton were greatly re- 
tarded by the Indian wars. In September, 17(52, 
a bridge was built over the Bushkill creek at the 



•28 



n::s()ri;<i:s oi' tiik lehigii vam-ia'. 



iiortlicrn end of Hamilton stroct. The l>iiildiiiK 
•oftlie court house, wliich stood for more than a 
■century in the centre of tlie towTi, caused great 
agitation in the county, a large number of the 
residents desiring that it should be erected at a 
more convenient place, the present site of Allen- 
town being largely advocated. From 1763 to 1773, 
Easton increased very slowly in population, 
having in the former yearsixty-three houses, and 
in the latter only sixty-nine, nearly all of which 
were small log dwellings, one story high. 

In 1782 the number of houses had increased 
to eighty-five and about tive hundred inhabitants; 
among these were families whose descendants are 
found in the present borough. Eleven or twelve 
years before Easton was surveyed for a town, the 
JJtlaware river at this point was tirst crossed by a 
ierry, and it continued liere until the building of 
the bridge. 

KEVOLUTION.^RY WAR. 

During the Revolutionary War, Easton and 
Northampton county furnished its full quoto of 
men, and the first company from Easton of sixty- 
five left that point immediately after the battle 
of Bunker Hill. The reception in Easton of the 
news of the Declaration of Independence was on 
the 8th of July, 1776, four days after it li ad been 
madejniblicin Philadelphia, and was hailed by the 
■citizens of the town and surrounding country with 
iiuuh joy. During the war Easton's largest 
buildings were the court house and the (Terman 
Ileformed Church, and these were often crowded 
witli sick or disabled soldiers. In 1778 General 
AVashington passed through Easton, and in 1779 
General Sullivan passed through the town on his 
expedition to Wyoming, and after the army had 
destroyed the Indian villages and drove the In- 
dians away, they returned to this point. While 
they renuiined here the town was kept in a state 
of agitation by the riotous conduct of some of 
the soldiers, and three of them were hung for 
murdering an innkeeper who had refused them 
liquor. 

BOROUGH INCORPOR.\TION. 

Easton continued to make steady improvement 
in her population, and in 1789 the town was in- 
corporated as a borough, and received the second 
charter of incorporation in 1823. The organized 
plan of the town extended from the Lehigh river 
to the Bushkill creek in one direction, and from 
tlie Delaware river to the tip of the hill in the 
other, but long since the rapid increase has grown 
beyond the limits alloted to it, and "the tip of 
the hill," formerly the western boundary, has be- 
come the centre of the town. Its population in 
1810, was 1,650; in 1820, 2,450; in 1830, 3,700; and 
in 1870, it was 10,687. At tlie present time (cen- 
sus of 1880) the population within the corporated 
.limits reaches 11,924. 

THE R.\ILROAnS AND CANALS. 

July 2, 1852, was a day huig remembered by 
ithose livin* at that time in Easton, as marking a 



period when railroad c mnection between that 
point and N\'W Yorlc was made. Upon that day 
the tirst train oftlie New Jersey Central Railroad 
reached Philli])sburg, opposite Easton. The oc- 
casion was cclcbiatcd by a ]iul)lic meeting in 
front of tiie court lionsc, and upon the stand 
were the {)resident ami otlicials of the railroad 
company, as well as a huge number of promi- 
nent gentlemeii from New York and towns along 
the railroad between tliat lity and Easton. 

Another red letter day was February 4, 1854, 
when the long talked-of aiul anxiously waited- 
for connection with Philadeljihia by railroad was 
consunijuated by the formal opening of the 
Belvidere Delaware Railroad, from Lambertville, 
N. J., to Philipsburg. This was also properly 
commemorated by a procession, in which joined 
the excursionist, ?.nd when this was over a large 
public meeting was held. The leading guests 
participated in a banquet, and tiie occasion was 
a most auspices one. 

The opening for travel of the Lehigh Valley 
Railroad in June, 1855, was the most important 
of all in its bearing upon the prosperity of the 
tbwn. It brought to Eastoii vast quantities of 
coal and the products of the interior country, and 
made the town of much importance. 

These railroads gave an incentive to business 
in Easton that it had never before felt, and 
drew to its limits many inhabitants, the increase 
in population during the decade from 18.50 to 
1860 being more marked than at any other 
period. 

The opening of the canal of the Lehigh Coal and 
Navigation Company about thirty years previous 
to this time, was the first introduction given to 
Easton of the wonderful wealth that was hidden 
away in the upper part of the valley, of which 
the town has since been the principal outlet. The 
completion of the canal to Bristol added anoth- 
er important factor to the growth of Easton, and 
it saw the coal-carrying trade grow from a ton- 
nage of 365 tons to millions, and necessitating 
the nu)re rapid means of transportion, which was 
provided by the building of the railroads. 

ITS DESIRABLE SITUATION. 

Easton, in its location, is extremely fortunate, 
being built upon high ground, and at the con- 
fluence of two im])ortant rivers. Upon the 
northern border Bnshkill creek flows through a 
vale into the Delaware, turning numy wheels in 
its course, thus furnishing the borough a water 
power of incalculable value. The town is with- 
in two hours ride by rail of Piiiladelphia, and 
three of New York. 

THE PRESENT APPEARANCE. 

The limited space allotted in this work for any 
particular locality, compels but a slight review of 
the many interesting points of history connected 
with the pronuncnt towns, and as the present 
appearance and advantages are considered to be 
mor.e in province witli tlie intentions and pur- 



RESOURCES OF THE LKHir.II VAT.T.EY. 



29 



pose? of tliis volumo, tlian the i)a-^t. tlu- editor 
has more liberally dealt with the >;ulijc'ets of the 
present day. In depieting the condition and 
advantages of Eiuston of to-ilay, much could l)e 
said in its favor. There is nothing rural in its 
apearance; the streets arc laid off at right angles, 
the greater i>art of which are paved, and others 
macadanuzed, while the side walks are suhstan- 
tially laid with either brick or flagging. Few bor- 
oughs are more fortunate in the matter of drainiige, 
wliich is secured by means of culverts and sew- 
ers. Tiie town has a gentle rise from the Dela- 
ware to tlie west until the new court house is 
reached, from which point the surrounding 
country stretches out in a panorama of surpris- 
ing loveliness. 

The streets are lined with substantial build- 
ings, tlie main arteries of business being North- 
ampton and Third streets, upon which will be 
found numerous structures that are elegant 
specimens of architecture. To the north, npon a 
prominent eminence, stand the majestic build- 
ings of Lafayette College, the leading institution 
of learning in the State. Upon every hand the 
hantlsome private residences of the well-to-do citi- 
zens lends a delightful charm to the appearance 
of the borough. 

The smoke of many industries besj)eaks the en- 
terprise and business activity of the citizens, and 
aid in advancing the material i)rosperity of those 
so engaged. In every portion of the borough are 
many stately edifices dedicated to the promotion 
of the religious and moral growth of the people, 
and her schools of learning are unsurpassed. 

BOROUGH OOVEKNMENT. 

Easton enjoys many privileges not often found 
in towns of similar population ; in fact it is be- 
lieved that no borough of its size in the country 
can show as many advanced improvements in 
the general government, it possessing a thorough 
executive department, a paid fire department, 
and a police force of etiiciency and e.x()erient'e. 
The borough of Easton, in its corporate limits, 
represents but about one-half of the population 
that is centred here, the b( trough of South Easton 
and city of Phillipsburg, in New Jersey, to all in- 
tents and purposes in a business view belong- 
ing to it, and deriving their life and activity 
from it. 

The government of Easton is represented by a 
Chief Burgess and Council of twenty-one mem- 
bers — three from each of the seven wards. 

The officials are as follows: 

Burgess. William M. Shultz; office, second 
story C^entral Express Building, corner Third and 
Centre Square. Solicitor, General Frank Heeder; 
Treasurer, Thomas Deshler; Surveyor, J. Mai-shal 
Young; Surpervisor of Streets, Peter M. Correll; 
Clerk, David Nevin. 

DEPARTMENT OF POLICE. 

The police department occupies a handsome 
three-story brick building situated upon the 



west side of Centre S(|naro. in which aretheprin- 
cipal offices of tiie borough. The lirst floor is oc- 
cupied by the office of the Chief of Police, a wait- 
ing room, and the lock-up in rear, containing 
eight cells. The second floor is fitted up for the 
u-ie-< of the Council, while upon the third are the 
offices of the Borough Treasurer. Surveyor and 
Town Clerk. The officials of this de])artment are. 
Chief, II. M. Hurrell ; Borougli Detective, .fames 
Simon; District Attorney's Detective, .Jacob 
.Johnson; ('a]>tain, Thomas Stonel>ac!i ; Special 
Officers, James Hackett, Allen (iinginger. 

The force includes seven patrolmen, whoso 
duties are so divided that the town is under their 
superveilance at all hours, day and night. 

DEPARTMENT OF FIRE. 

The Borough has a paid Fire Department, 
known asthe "callsystem," theemployees thereby 
being able to follow their usual vocation, at the 
same time under the immediate authority of the 
chief. The fire alarm telegraph system is in use, 
there being six street signal boxes, with three 
and a half miles of wire. The superior water 
facilities enjoyed has placed the department in a 
most excellent condition. The department is 
composed as follows; Chief Engineer, John J. 
Smith; Assistant Engineer, John J. Bishop. 

Engine No. 1 — House on J^erry street, below 
Sitgreaves street, First ward. Steamer, second 
cla.ss, built by Amoskeag. in 1865 ; one four- 
wheel hose carriage, built by Clapp & Jones. 
Foreman, A. Bachman ; engineer, J. Ileichard. 

Engine No. 2 — House, 15 South Sixth street, 
Sixth ward. Steamer, third class, built by 
Amoskeag Co. in 1869; hose carriage by the same 
Company. Foreman, D. T. Lerch ; engineer. N. 
Bishop. ' 

Engine No. 3— House on New street, between 
Cattell and McCartney streets. Third ward. 
Steamer, fifth class, built by Silsby Manufac- 
turing Co. in 1878; hose carriage built in Phila- 
delphia. Foreman, A. Steinmetz; engineer, V. 
Walter. 

Hook and Ladder No. 1 — House, 346 Leliigh 
street. First ward. Truck carrying six ladders, 
built by Schantz, of Philadelphia. Own reserve 
hose carriage and eight liundred feet of hose. 
Foreman, William Troxell. 

The office of the Department is in the house of 
Engine, No. 1, on Ferry Street. 

CHURCHES. 

Coming toward Easton from any point the eye 
of the traveler is greeted by a number of tall and 
gracefull spires, that at once bespeaks for its resi- 
dents a high moral condition of society and an 
advanced appreciation of the benign influences 
exerted V)y the churches. Tlie church buildings 
are architectural adornments, and add in no 
snu\ll degree to tiie recognized beauty of the town. 
They are as follows : 

Third street Reformed Church— corner of 
Church street, Rev. J. C. Porter, D. D. 



39 



RKSorRCER OF THK T>Eiri(;iI VAT. LEY. 



St. John's Liitlieran Cluuvh — Ferry i^truet, be- 
low Fourth. Rev. J. K. Gruff. 

St. Paul's Lutlierau Church — Fourth street, 
above Spring Garden. Rev. R. W. Huffonl. 

First Presbyterian Church — corner of Bushkill 
and Second streets. Rev. Frank E. ^liller. 

Trinity Episcopal Church — Spring Garden 
street, corner of Sitgreaves. Rev. Edwin E. 
Burh-r. 

Si. Bernard's Catliolic Church — Fifth street, be- 
low Ferry. Rev. Thomas Reiailon, pastor; Rev. 
William C. Egan, assistant. 

Christ's Lutheran Church — corner Fourth and 
Ferry streets. Rev J. M. Anspach. 

Methodist Ej-iscopal Church — Second street 
corner of Pine. Rev. S. H. Hoover. 

Trinity Evangelical Church — Northampton 
street, near Seventli. Rev. A. F. Leopold. 

Baj)tist Church — corner of Walnut and Ferry 
streets. Rev. Edwin McMinnon. 

American Reformed Churcli— Spring Garden 
street, near Fourth. Rev. C. H. Edgar, D. D. 

Brainard Presbyterian Churcli — corner of 
Spring Garden ami Sitgreaves street. Rev. A. Rus- 
sell Stevenson. 

Zion's German Lutheran Church — Fifth street, 
corner of Church. Rev. Ph. Pfalteicher. 

St. Mark's Reformed Church— corner of Lehigh 
and Seventh streets. Rev. T. R. Stern. 

Bethel Methodist Mission Chapel — Ferry street 
near Ninth. Rev. A. M. Stirk. 

Tniversalist Church — corner of Ferry and Sit- 
greaves streets. Rev. Asher Moore. 

St. Peter's Lutheran Church— College Hill. 
Rev. H. B. Wile. 

Grace Reformed Chapel — College Hill. Rev. 
D. Y. Heisler. 

First Colored Church — Ferry street, above 
West. Rev. 0. R. Cornman. 

St. Luke's Lutheran Sunday School — Twelfth 
street, near Ferry. 

Steptown Sunday School— Delaware street. 

PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 

Easton has attained a prominence for her ex- 
cellent schools — public and private, and from her 
corporate limits have gone forth many of the 
country's most learned men. The first school 
building was erected 1755, and was a log structure, 
located at the northwest corner of Sitgreaves and 
Church streets. Although the records speaks of 
the erection of this building, there are none of the 
estabfishment of the .school, and the tirst histori- 
cal evidence of any concerted educational effort is 
given in the year 1791, when the town contained 
about 1,000 inhabitants. On the 8tli day of May, 
17U4, the inhabitants of the borough met for the 
purpose of organizing a school and building a 
school house. The site for the building was 
eventually fixed upon and erected, the trustees 
giving it the name of the Union Academy. The 
same building is yet standing on the hill in the 
iSecond ward, although not now in use. Through 



lack of sufficient funds the school did not at first 
]irove a success, and after being compelled to 
close several times, was in May, 1800, again open- 
ed, at tliis time well j)atronized, when it contin- 
ued under the charge of vari(Mis teachers for 
many years, and until 1828, when the Academy 
l)assed into the control of the borough authori- 
ties. 

The next important educational movement, 
succeeding the organization of Lafayette College, 
(noticed under its proper sub-head,) wastheestab- 
lishmeutin 1834 of a system of education by com- 
mon schools. The first board of school direc- 
tors elected, under the statute creating the public 
school system, was on September 25, 1834. The 
number of children in the borough of public 
school age, at that time, was estimated at nine 
hundred, for whose instruction it was proposed 
to employ twenty teachers. On January 1, 1835, 
the public schools of Easton were first opened. 

From 1834 to 1854, the first twenty years of 
Easton's common school history, was not mark- 
ed by anything special in the way of scholastic 
attainments, and during the time no portion of 
' the school fund was expended in the erection of 
school houses. The only building originally de- 
vised for general school use, and that was avail- 
able for the purpose, was the old Union Academy. 
The other school-rooms in use during the first 
five years, were sitch only as could be obtained in 
private residences. In 1848-9 the directors pur- 
chased two frame buildings, then standing upon 
the Academy ground and in use by local militia, 
and converted then into school-rooms. 

Easton school district was probably the first 
in the State to inaugurate a system of school 
supervision by electing in February, 1843, the 
Rev. John P. Hecht, Superintendent of the bor- 
ough. 

From 1860, the twenty years have been marked 
with wonderful improvement, and at the present 
time the public school system is conducted in the 
most thorough manner and under the charge of 
instructors who are well known for adaptabilit 
for the work. The school buildings are nearly 
all of the finest order, particularly so with that 
located on Foitrth street, below Ferry, which has 
been built but a few yearns. It is a structure that 
would do honor to any large city of the country, 
and will doubtless equal any in the furniture 
and school supplies with which it has been pro- 
vided. 

LAFAYETTE COLLEGE.* 

This institution originated at a meeting of 
prominent citizens of the borough of East^)n, held 
December 27, 1824, at the Easton hotel. The 
meeting was organized by the appointment of 
Colonel Thomas McKeen, chairman. The Hon- 
orable James Madison Porter, a man of great 
public spirit, and distinguished for his learning 
and legal ability, was an active participant in the 

* By Wm. W. Cottingham. 



RESOrROKS OF THE LFAUCtU VAI.T.EY. 



S) 



proceedings of this moctinji-, and acliieved more 
than any other sin>;lo iii<li vidua! in originating 
the project and perfecting tlie plan of the pro- 
posed college. 

After the settlement of the questinn as to the 
expediency or estahlishing "at this place an in- 
stitution of learning, in which the dead lan- 
guages, and various hranches of education and 
science, usually taught in colleges, together 
with the French and German languages, civil 
and military engineering, and military tactics, 
shall be taught," it was 

"Resolft'd, Tiiat, as a testimony of respect for 
the talents, virtues, and services of General La- 
fayette in the great cause of Fccdom, the said 
institution be named Lafayette College." 

The matter of obtiiining a charter of incorpora- 
tion having licen referred to a committee, consist- 
ing of the Honorable James M. Porter. Hon liv- 



able Joel Jones, and Jacol) Wagoner, Esquin', 
the.se gentleman drafted a meniDrial to tlie Legis- 
lature, and secured, by an act of Assembly, 
passed March 9, 1826, the required charter. 

Agreeably to the provisions of the said act of 
Assembly, the b( ard of trustees convened on the 
15th of May following, and effected an organiza- 
tion by electing James ^f. Porter, president, 
which office he tilled during a period of twenty- 
five years; Joel Jones, secretary, and Thomas 
McKeen, treasurer. 

By reason of successive failures in securing 
funds for the erection of api)ropriate buildings, 
and the disappointment of the trustees in com- 
pleting other arrangements, that seemed to give 
promise of an early fuUfillment of their plans, 
the organization of the college was delayed until 
the year 1832. 

On the Gth of Februarv, 1832, the Keverend 




FAKDEE HALL, LAI- 
George Junkin, D. D., entered upon the discharge [ 
of his official duties as president of the institu- 
tion, and on the 9th of May following, the first 
session of the college was formally opened, with 
forty-three students, in a building leased for the 
puri)ose, and still standing, on the south bank of 
the Lehigh. 

Steps were immediately taken by the trustees 
to secure a permanent location for the college. 
The present site of the college was selected and 
purchased, and proceedings were at once institu- 
ted for the erection of suitable buildings. The 
corner-stone for tlie main building was laid with 
befitting ceremonies, July 4, 1832, and the build- 
ing was completed by May 1, 1834, when the cere- 
monies of the inauguration of the first faculty 
took place, in the hall of the new building. 

The college during its early vears, encountered 
many discouragements, and, at times, was en- 



'AVETTE COLLEGE. 

compassed with difficulties that seemed to fore- 
bode its ruin. To the untiring energy and devo- 
tion of Dr. Junkin, and the sacrifices of personal 
interest made by hini in its behalf, is the college 
chiefly indebted for its deliverence in times of 
trouble. 

In 1841 Dr. Junkin resigned the presidency, 
and was succeeded by the Reverend John W. 
Yeomans, D. D. Dr. Yeomans. as president, was 
noted for his executive ability. His administra- 
tion was corrective, rather than creative, in its ten- 
dency. He resigned in 1844, and was immedia- 
tely succeed by Dr. Junkin, who was unani- 
mously re-elected president of the institution, 
which fact was announced to the citizens of Eas- 
ton by the illumination of the college buildings. 
Dr. Junkin continued his official connection 
with the college until 1848, when he again re- 
signed, and bade a final adieu to Lafayette. 



32 



EEROTRr'KS OF THE I-ElIKill VAT.UKV. 



Tli«' husliH'S, Tiaviiif,' failed to till the vacancy 
occasioned liy Dr. .luiikin's resignation, the col- 
lege WiiM eondueted for a time witliout a i)resi- 
dent, tlie administration of it.'* aH'airs iuivinghecn 
given in charge of the Keverend (Jharles W. 
Nassau, D. D., the vice president of the faculty. 
The prospects of the college at this time were ex- 
ceedingly gloomy. Its friends were despondent, 
and the institution was looked upon hy many as 
doomed to certain failure. 

At this crisis, the interjxjsition of the Synod of 
I'hiladelpliia was solicited through an overture of 
the trustees, proposing to transform the institu- 
tion into a synodical college, which should be 
under the exclusive care of the synod. The pro- 
jiosal was accepted, and the college was formally 
consigned to tlie Synod of I'hiladelphia. 

Under tlie new alliance, the Jleverend D. V. 
McClean, D. D., was made president, and inaug- 
urated in 1851, and continued until 1857, when 
lie resigned, and was succeeded by the Reverend 
(ieorgc W. KcPhall, D. D., pastor of one of the 
Presbyterian Churches of Easton, who, by invita- 
tion of the trustees, performed the functions of col- 
lege president, in connection with his pastorial 
duties. He finally resigned his pastorate, and was 
formally inaugurated president of the college in 
1858. The condition of the college gave no in- 
dication of improvement, either in its finances or 
patronage. On the contrary there were unmis- 
takable signs of evidences of retrogression. 

Dr. McPhail resigned the presidency of the col- 
1 ege in 1863, and in 1864 the Rev. William C. Cat- 
tell, D. D., was elected president. This gentle- 
man has continued to hold this position from that 
time to the present, and during his administra- 
tion the college has experienced its greatest suc- 
cess. He enlisted many prominent gentlemen 
in the prosperity of the college, and soon raised 
a large amount of money. Chief among them 
was Mr. Ario Pardee, who provided funds for the 
building of Pardee Hall which was completed in 
1873. This handsome structure was almost en- 
tirely destroyed by fire some years later, but 
tlirough the indefatigable efforts of the presi- 
dent it was replaced by the present one, an illus- 
tration of which is given on page 31. 

The surroundings of Lafayette College are 
beautiful and commanding. The eminence is 
reached by an easy accent of granite steps, pass- 
ing on the way up the granite soldier statue, 
telling of the young hearts who went away from 
here in sucii numbers to tlie war of the Union as 
almost compel the clo.sing of the classes. It was 
during this trying period that the present presi- 
dent was called to the head, and the wisdom of 
that selection has a thousand times demonstrated 
itself in the years that followed. 

The college contains about three hundred stu- 
dents, and the faculty is composed of twenty-four 
professorj. 



OTUICU ritl VATIC INSTlTrnONS. 

Among otiier private institutions located 
in Easton, some mention should be made of 
Trachs' Academy, an 1 Kn uiss' Businc-i-i C )lk',j,e. 
Both of these are conducted hy gentlemen 
thoroughly proficientin the departnu'uts of these 
particular schools, the former being a boarding 
and day school for both sexes, while the latter 
confines it.self, as its name indicates, to instilling 
into the minds of the youth the fundamental 
principles of business life. 

NEWSP.\PERS. 

The advanced condition of the residents 
of Easton in education and general infor- 
mation, has prompted in years l)ack the establish- 
ment of several first-class newspapers. The 
greater part of these are edited with ability and 
conducted in a spirit of enterprise, with a just 
aj)preciation of the prominent isosition they hold 
as public educators. They are as follows: 

Artjus, published every evening, except Sun- 
day, and weekly on Friday, by Cornell & 
Fahr. Daily established in 1877, weekly in 1827. 

Express, published every evening, except Sun- 
day, by George M. Reeder. Established 1855. 

Free Press, published every evening, except Sun- 
day, and weekly on Friday, by D. B. Wood. 
Daily established in 1856, weekly in 1855. 

Northampton Correspondent, published weekly 
by Cornell and Lehr. Established in 1801. Is- 
sued from the office of the Argus. 

Sentinel, published weekly by D. H. Neimau. 
Established 1810. 

American Mechanics Advocate, published month- 
ly by William M. Schultz. Established in 1869. 

Council Brand, published monthly by T. D. 
Tanner. Established in 1879. 

Lnfaijrtle College Journal, published monthly 
by the Students of Lafayette College. Estab- 
lished in 1875. 

B.\NKS. 

The oldest banking institiation in Easton is the 
"Easton National Bank," which was charted 
as a State Bank in 1814, with a capital of $400,- 
000. In 1852 is was again re-charted, and in 1864 
just at the completion of a half century of its ex- 
istence, it was re-organized under the National 
Banking Act. In 1873 the capital was increascci 
to $500,000. It is located in a substantial buildiuft 
on Northampton street, above Centre Square 
where it has remained since its incorporation— 
sixty-seven years ago. It officers are, Williau 
Hackett, President; William Hackett, Jr., Cashier 

The second bank started in the town was ir 
1857, and is now known as the First Nation;v 
Bank, having been re-organized in 1865 from a 
State to a National bank. The capital is $400,- 
000, and the bank now occupies a handsomt 
building in Centre Square. Its officers are Mc- 
Evers Foreman, President; John F. Gwinner, 
Cashier. 

The Northamptou County National Bank 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



83 



was originally started in 1869 as the "North- 
ampton County Savings Bank," a name it re- 
tained until 1878, when it re-organized under the 
National Banking Act. It has a paid-in capital of 
$1U,000, and its executive department is repre- 
sented by the following officers: Cyrus Lawall, 
President; H. Hutter, Cashier; C. B. Hetrick, 
Teller. 

POST OFFICE. 

The post office was established at Easton, 
March 20, 1793, and since that time the borough 
has had sixteen post-masters, as follows : Henry 
Spering, appointed during President "Washing- 
ton's term, and held the office a little over four 
years. The second, Hon. John Ross, appointed 
October], 1797, during President John Adams' 
term, who' held the office only nine months. 
Thomas B. Dick, was the third, and was appoint- 
ed July 1, 1798, during the term of President 
John Adams, holding it for nearly four years. 
The fourth, Hon. George Wolf, was appointed 
April 1, 1802, during the term of President Jeffer- 
erson, but retained it only one year. The fifth, 
John Knauss, was appointed April 1, 1803, dur- 
President Jefferson's term, and held the office a 
little over ten years. The next, Philip H. Mat- 
tes, was appointed May 8, 1813, during the term 
of President Madison, and held the office six- 
teen years. The seventh, Abraham Horn, was 
appointed March 9, 1829, during the term of 
President Jackson, and held the office for ten 
years. The eighth, Abraham Coryell, was ap- 
pointed May 21, 1839, during the term of Presi- 
dent VanBuren, and continued in office a little 
over nine years. During his term the office be- 
came an appointment of the President. The 
ninth, John J. Herster, was appointed by Presi- 
dent Polk, June 12, 1848, and held the offi£e 
about eleven months. The tenth, Benjamin F. 
Arndt, who was appointed by President Taylor, 
May 9, 1849, held the office for four years. 
The eleventh, John J. Herster, who had held the 
office previously, was appointed by President 
Peirce, April 4, 1853, holding the office a little 
over four years. The twelfth. Colonel William 
H. Butler, was appointed April 20, 1857, by 
President Buchanan, and held the office nearly 
four years. The thirteenth. Dr. Charles C. Jen- 
nings, was appointed by President Lincoln, March 
27, 1861 and continued in office four years. 
During the term of this gentleman the money 
order system was extended to Easton. The four- 
teenth. Captain John J. Horn, was appointed by 
President Lincoln, March 20, 1865, and held the 
office until his death in the spring of 1869. The 
fifteenth, James L. Mingle, was appointed April 
20, 1809, by President Grant, and held the otlice 
two j'ears and seven months. The sixteenth 
and i^resent incumbent, James K. Dawes, was ap- 
pointed by President Grant, November 18, 1871. 

During his term of office, December 1, 1873, Eas- 
ton was designated a free delivery or letter 



carrier office, the post office at South Easton being 
discontinued, and the limits of the "Easton" of- 
fice extended so as to include Easton, South Eas- 
ton and Glendon. Theservice is performed by six 
carriers, who make thirty-one deliveries and forty- 
six collections daily, the first at five o'clock in 
the morning, and the last at half-past seven in 
the evening. At convenient locations through- 
out the town, eighty-four letter boxes have been 
placed for the reception of mail matter, from four 
of which collections are made every hour, that 
part being announced by gilt inscriptions on the 
box in seven different languages; vis: English, 
French, Spanish, Italian, German, Russian and 
Chinese. These four boxes were erected as a mem- 
orial of "the Centennial," they having been used 
during the Great Exhibition in the Main Building. 
Similar boxes are in no other city, save Philadel- 
phia, and Easton is justly proud of being the 
fortunate possessor of these reminders of the Cen- 
tennial Anniversary of the nation. 

The office is located on Centre Square, in a 
large and handsome building, furnished in a 
most convenient and elegant manner. Being 
the distributing point of a large number of routes, 
the amount of mail matter handled is very great, 
aggregating nearly forty thousand mail pouches 
per annum. It can well be said and in good 
truth, that Easton has one of the finest managed 
post offices in the country. 

GAS AND WATER. 

The borough of Easton is well lighted by gas, 
the lights upon the streets being numerous and 
kept in good condition. The first company for 
lighting the town by gas was organized March 14, 
1850, and in the year following erected their 
works. 

The first water company was organized March 
24, 1817, and they brought the water from an ele- 
vated spring about one mile from Easton, and 
conveyed it to a reservoir on the "top of the hill,' ' 
(now called Sixth street,) and from this point it 
was distributed to different parts of the town. 
This supply in connection with the old pumps, 
served the town until 1840, when new works 
were erected on theDelaware river just above the 
mouth of the Bushkill creek. In 1854 another 
company was started to supply the western part 
of the town, and they erected works on the Le- 
high river. This latter company some years 
later purchased the property of the original com- 
pany, and consolidated the two. It is contem- 
plated at the present time to erect new works. 
Commissioners for the purpose having been 
recently selected. 

CEMETERY. 

The Easton Cemetery was incorporated in 1850. 
It is located on the Bushkill creek, about a 
half a mile from the centre of the town, upon a 
high and pleasant site retired from the busy hum 
of life. The tract is ample, and beautifully laid 
out with drives and walks. A number of hand- 



34 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VAIJ,EY. 



some monuiuents are erected within it, among 
them being tliat to the memory of George Tay- 
lor, one of the signers of the Det-laratiou of Inde- 
pendence. It occupies one of the most promi- 
nent points in the cemetery. 

SOCIETIES. 

As a class, the residents take pride in their secret 
and social organizations, and nearly all the rep- 
resentatives of the former will be found in the 
town. They have done much good in their 
benevolence, and are liberally maintained by a 
large membersliip. The social organizations 
include the several clubs anijug the stu- 
dents of Lafayette College, Young Men's Chris- 
tian Association, Literary Societies, etc. 

PROMINENT BUILDINGS. 

Easton can well lay claim to some of the hand- 
somest buildings in the valley, independent of 
those that occupy College Hill and belong to 
Lafayette College. Among them, there should be 
mentioned the court house, Abie's opera house, 
First National Bank building, Drake's wholesale 
grocery house, Lawall's pharmacy, and several 
other mercantile establishments. The buildings 
occupied by those in business are mostly substan- 
tial and of good appearance, and together with 
the very many beautiful private residences, give 
the whole town an air of surperiority and refine- 
ment. 

HOTELS. 

In giving a short sketch of Easton, justice 
could not be done it if some mention was not 
made of its hotels, particularly that known as the 
United States. This time-honored hostelirie is 
located at the corner of Third and Spring Garden 
streets, convenient for all purposes, and conduct- 
ed in the most thorough manner. The other 
hotels are : Franklin House, located at 426 North- 
ampton street ; Central Hotel, corner Fourth and 
Northampton streets ; Mt. Vernon Hotel, corner 
Sixth and Northampton streets, and Swan Hotel, 
460 Northampton street. 

THE N.\TUR.«iL BEAUTY. 

From any surrounding point, Easton pre- 
sents a most striking and impressive sight. 
The graceful grade at which it builds up from 
the water level to the top of the hill, (Sixth 
street,) is extremly attractive, while the numer- 
ous spires and towering buildings produce an ef- 
fect of architectural beauty unusually captivating. 
From either College Hill, or the eminence on 
the south side of the Lehigh, or the heights at 
Pliillipsburg, the view is not only particulai- pleas- 
ing, but one that will fill the beholder with awe. 
The several bridges crossing the Delaware and 
Lehigh at this point add to the scene, and we 
soon find ourselves questioning tlie location of 
another place where the ingenuity and enterprise 
of man have so beautifully and grandly blended 
with the wisdom and blessings of the Creator of 
the universe, as is spread out in a living pano- 
rama at this point. 



Tiie tiMiL'-iiiiUDred covered bridge, connecting 
Easton with I'hillipsburg, which was built in 
17i)7, stands in s:>leinn comparison with the three 
handsome raih'oad Ijridges that span the Dela- 
ware immdiately below where the Lehigh empties 
itself. Over tlie latter river there is a neat and 
substantial iron bridge connecting the two bor- 
oughs — Easton and Soutli Easton, while imme- 
diately over this is the massive structure erect- 
ed by the New Jersey Central Railroad, upon 
which the trains of the Lehigh and Susquehanna 
Division pass to and from the New Jersey side of 
the Delaware. 

While not possessing a {mblic park in name, 
Easton has within its limits the attractive Col- 
lege Hill and the picturesque drives along the 
Bushkill creek. Nature has done much, and the 
wisdom of the enterprising citizens are making up 
for all deficiencies. From Easton there are beau- 
tiful drives and walks in all directions, and this 
fact, in connection with the acknowledged 
healthy surroundings, is each year adding to its 
inhabitants — drawing among it a wealthy class, 
whose presence are manifest upon every street and 
avenue. 

Easton, to-day, as remark has been made in 
another part of this work, is peculiarly situated, 
and represents a town metropolitan in appearance, 
and in great contrast with many cities of the 
State and country, that have two or three times 
its population. This is attributable to the ad- 
vanced plateau that the people occupy in educa- 
tion and business enterprise. They are pro- 
gressive in everything undertaken, and while not 
the largest centre of population that forms a por- 
tion of this work, it holds the leading position 
in many things that are essential to the make-up 
of an attractive place of residence and the loca- 
tion of industries. This thought brings us to a 
subject of vast more importance to those un- 
acquainted with the desirability of this place as a 
scene of manufacture and mercantile activity, 
and that is its 

COMMERCIAL ADVANTAGES. 

Easton lays a distinctive claim to being a trade 
centre, and a careful resume of the pages tliat 
follow this, will, it is believed, substantiate the 
statement. To the stranger, the first question 
that naturally and promptly arises in connection 
with tlie claim is, "How is it related, and what 
are its connections with the rest of the world?" 
To this query an answer witli reference to Eas- 
ton, leads to discussion in a detailed manner of 
its railroad and canal facilities. 

The first in importance is tlie Lehigh Valley 
Railroad, which forms tlie principal highway of 
the entire lengtli of the valley. It has the sec- 
ond largest coal-carrying trade in the country, 
and is the great outlet to New York for the im- 
mense Leliigh Coal region, shipping over its 
lines tlie ainuuil [iroductof millions of tons. The 
Valley road proper makes its eastern terminus at 



RESOURCES OF THE LEIIHill VAIJ-EY. 



85 



Easton, and here a very considerable part of its 
business is done. At various points up tlie valley 
it connects with other roads. 

With its many connections, it places the pro- 
ducts of this coninmnity witliin a few hours of 
the leading; markets of the country. It also pro- 
vides fretjuent i)ass(!nf;;er trains that tend to draw 
the consuming business of tlie valley to Easton 
and in many other respects tlicollicials recognize 
the importance of tlie town. 

This leads to a consideration of another factor 
to Easton's i)roniinence— the Lehigh and Sus- 
quehanna Division of the New Jersey Central 
Railroad. Thiis road follows the Lehigh river to 
the northwest, forming a competing line to tlie 
Valley road until Wilkesbarre is reached, 
when the two diverge, the L. and S. goin-; to the 
coal fields above Scranton, while the other 
stretches itself by its leased lines to Western New 
York and Bufialo, where the great trunk linos of 
the wtstare brouglit in connection. 

On the New Jersey side of the Delaware, the 
New Jei-sey Central forms the continuation of the 
L. and S., making a direct railroad communi- 
cation with New York and important centres of 
the east and central New Jersey. 

The Lehigh Valley also own a line to New 
York, and the INIorris and Essex Railroad forms 
the third rail route to the metropolis of the na- 
tion. 

The Belvidere Delaware Division of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad gives an outlet north and 
south. Upon this line connection is made with 
the labyrinth of railroads controlled by the great 
Pennsylvania Central. 

In this same connection, mention should be 
made of the canal system, which is represented 
by the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company to 
Mauch Chunk; the Delaware Division canal to 
Bristol, Pa., and the Morris and Essex canal 
through New Jersey. 

These nine great arteries, through which the 
viviving tide of traffic is forever streaming, 
certainly confers a position upon Easton so far as 
their facilities extend, that can not be otherwise 
than of the highest advantage to her commercial 
and productive thrift. 

BO.\RD OF TRADE. 

In just api)reciation of the many advantages 
possessed by Easton, the prominent citizens have 
recently organized a Board of Trade, and at no 
distant day this oncentrated movement will be 
productive of the greatest good. The fact of this 
organization will stimulate the difusion of 
knowledge of the desiraliility of Easton as a place 
fur manufacturing industries, and thus bringing 
to it,s limits many enterprises, that will enhance 
the prosi)erty and value of the borough in every 
department. 

SOl'Tn EASTON. 

The relationshii) l)etwwn Ea.ston and South 
Easton are so intimate, though separate boroughs, 



that the two have been dealt with as one. The 
only distinguising feature is the act of incorpor- 
atidu, which divides a community into twu bor- 
fiughs that to all intent and jnirposes is inten- 
ded as one. The town is situated on the south 
side of the Lehigh river, and was laid out in 1833 
by the Lehigh Coal and Navigation T'onipany. 
In 1840 it was incorporated into a borough, and 
at the present time has a population of about 
2,000. Here are located tlie extensive repair 
shops of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, Stewart & 
Co's wire mills, IS[cKeen & Co's woolen mill, 
blast furnace and numerous mercantile indus- 
tries. The depot of the Lehigh Valley Railroad is 
situated in the eastern end of the town, and the 
canal of the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Com- 
pany is located upon that side of the river. 
The canal furnishes power to nearly all the man- 
ufacturing enterprises located within the bor- 
ough. 

GLENDON. 

Two miles above Easton, on the south side of 
the river Lehigh, is situated the borough of Glen- 
don, now forming a i)art of the jjost office district 
of Easton, as does also South Easton, both points 
thus enjoying the benefit of a public mail de- 
livery. The town has a population of about 700, 
and the male inhabitants are chiefly employed in 
tlie Glendon Iron Works located here. These 
works rank with the largest in the valley, and 
were started in 1843. 

PHILLIPSBURG, N. J. 

Although not in the Lehigh Valley, several of 
its industries are wholly or in part owned and 
controlled by capitalists living in Easton, and it 
may in fact be considered in a business view, 
a portionof that town. The city,(all towns in New 
Jersey are incorporated as cities,) at the present 
time contains about 5,000 inhabitants, and is the. 
centre of many industries, the more prominent 
of which liave been accorded a place in this *'ork 
It owes its growth entirely to the several rail- 
roads that either terminate at, or pass thvough 
the town, and the canals. Phillijisbutg has a 
national bank, good public schools, and is a 
pleasant place for residence, the gred'cf.r \>i\vt of 
the ground upon which it is built bdag Iiigh and 
permitting of thorough drainage, /t is connect- 
ed with Easton by a covered bridge, jf.ul the three 
railroad bridges, and has also a line of street 
cars from Centre Square, Easton, '</■> the extreme 
southeastern end of the town, a /^'^f/tance of near 
two miles. 

In conclusion there can bo but an expres- 
sion of regret that the space allotted was so 
contracted, that a subject teeniio'j with interest aa 
is this has had to be given in auch an epitomized 
form. But should these pages proveio be otintd*«st 
and value in advancing the olij?ct for which vhey 
were written — the placing of Efiiiton in its proper 
l>osition as a location for capiU'.l and entf.rprise — 
then they can In- permitted to claim t':ij;y have 
fultilled their mission 



EHSTON MD ENVIRONS. 



At the foot of one of the most fertile and progressive valleys in the broad state of Pennsylvania, 
lapped on both sides by the waters of two of the most important water-courses on the Atlantic CCSSc, 
the Delaware and the Lehigh, the former alone draining a country in area 11,250 square miles, with 
a never ceasing supply ; a broken country, whose rocks are mines of wealth, and whose fertile fields 
are the gardens of a prolific vegetation; the objective point of a system of railwa ys, whose arteries 
penetrate the country East, West, North and South; and the centre of a canal interest, which furnishes- 
cheap transportation to the coal fields of the North or the great marts of the East, stands tlie beautiful 
city of Easton. With her dozen spires bespeaking the moral intelligence of her people; her substan- 
tial buildings, arguries of a high civilization, and the hundreds of establishments devoted to the com- 
merce and manufacture of the day; she is the epitome of the progress and civilization of tlie age. 
Many and varied are the contributions to this end, but to no cause so much as to her manufactories 
and splendid commercial facilities, does she o^ e this proud position among the inland cities of our 
great State. 

In the following series of brief descriptive articles will be found an epitome of the manufacturing 
and mercantile industries of Easton and Environs, (none of which have been willingly omitted,) 
showing to the reader its adaptability as a producing centre, and its advantages as a market for 
supplies. 



C.T. NIGHTINGALE. 

Manufacturer and Dealer in Boots, Shoes 
AND Rubbers, 321 Northampton Street. 

Among the new enterprises, that have recently been 
started in Easton, is the shoe factory of Mr. C. T. Night- 
ingale, who opened it In Jauuarjf, 1881, at the corner of 
Church and Bank Streets, where he occupies a room 
used for the hand sewing department of 20x30 feet, 
with the pegging department in a building upon the 
opposite side of the street, of dimensions 20x60 feet, 
these have been furnished with modern appliances for 
a strictly fine line of Boots and the manufacturer of 
Shoes for Men's and Boys' wear. 

Beginning in January with only two hands, he now 
employs twenty-one, besides giving out a large portion 
of his "filling" and is turning out from seventy-five to 
one hundred pairs per day, and contemplates further 
additions to his facilities. 

Although this industry has been started but a few 
months, its productions have rapidly found favor in the 
market, and its goods are sold as fast as manufactured. 

Mr. Nightingale's aim in establishing this enterprise 
was to make a reputation for honest goods, and nothing 
but first-class stock is used in the constrution of any of 
his work. 

Mr. Nightingale is also proprietor of a 'WTiolesale and 
Retail Store on the corner of Northampton and Bank 
Streets, which was founded about thirty-five years ago, 
by J. A. Nightingale, father of the present proprietor, 
who succeeded to the business in 1875. This store is 
large and well stocked with Boots, Shoes and Rubbers 
of every discription. comparing in a most favorable 
manner with any other establishment in the town. 
He has also a Retail Store at Ackermanville supplied 
from his Easton establishment. The Wholesale depart- 
ment is represented by traveling salesmen through 
Pennsylvania and Central New Jersey, while the goods 
of his own manufacture arc also in the hands of Phila- 
delphia and Boston parties as agents. In the store there 
are engaged seven hands, all of whom are fully employ- 
ed in attending the business that Mr. Nightingale has 
built up. 



He is a life-long resident of Easton, where he is justly 
esteemed as an enterprising and practical young man. 
In the establishment of the manufactory, he has given 
to Easton an industry that promises to make its name 
well-known abroad, as well as to form an important em- 
ployment for many of its citizens, and is the only one 
of the kind in town. His enterprise is deserving of all 
success, the quality of goods he manufactures entitling 
him to a position in the front rank of producers. 



RAPP & MANNING, 

Saw Mill, Dock Street. 

Easton, from its location on the Lehigh river at its 
junction with the Delaware river, is an important point 
for the transaction of a large lumber trade, and also for 
the manufacture of lumber for building purposes. 
Here and at many points in the vicinity are a number 
of saw mills owned and controlled by an enterprising 
class of capitalists, who are constantly engaged in saw- 
ing up logs into boards, joists, &c. Among them is the 
firm of Rapp & Manning, who occupy a mill which was 
originally established many years ago, and which has 
been conducted by Mr. Manning for about two years 
and by him in comieetion with Mr. Rapp as his partner 
since the beginning of 1881. 

The mill is driven by steam power, and its production 
reaches over a million feet of building lumber annually. 
Every facility and convenience is here aflbrded for 
hauling logs and sawing them up into boards and a 
number of men find constant employment. Much of 
the lumber from this mill finds its way to the Ne\^' York 
and Philadelphia markets, besides a large quantity is 
used in the immediate vicinity. 

Mr. George C. Manning is a native of New Jersey and 
was born at Riegelsville, in that slate. He has for some 
time been prominently identified with the lumber inter- 
est in this section of Penu>ylvania, and is well and 
favorably known as an honorable and upright business 
man. 

Mr. Andrew Rai>p is a native of Carpenters, N. J. 

These gentlevueu are conducting a large trade and are 
at all times fully prc|iarod to meet the demands that 
may be uuulc upon them. 



EESOUKCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



35 



THEODORE CAINE, 

Manufacturinc; Confectioner, 515 Northamp- 
ton Stp.ekt. 

Among the impi)rtniit lousiness houses of Eastern there 
is uoiie pci-lmijs better known than that of Mr. Theodore 
Caine, the popuhir Coufeetiouer, who has been for up- 
wards of 20 yearsengaged in this business, having orig- 
inally for !•') years been located at No. 549 Broadway, 
JCew York City. 

In 1878 he removed to Easton and has since been 
located at No. 515 Northampton Street. Mr. Caine makes a 
specialty of muuufaetuiug "American Steam Refined 
■Confectionery" of e.\tra iinality, and fine flavored Can- 
dies, all of which are made from the best white sugar, 
and are strictly free from all deleterious substances and 
•coloring matters. The.se Candies are pure and healthy, 
iire made iu the best manner and will keep in any cli- 
mate. Tiiey are put up in neat and tastiful boxes con- 
taining 5 lbs. and upwards, for family use or presents. 

The productions of Mr. Caine's establishment find a 
ready sale throughout the City and surrounding Country, 
4ind have gained a high reputation for their excellence. 
Among the .specialties made by him are Car- 
amels of all flavors. Chocolates and many other kind of 
■choice, delicate, toothsome morsels, inviting to the eye 
and agreeable to the palate. The store and manufactory 
•are of ample dimension-;, the f )rmer being complete in all 
its arrangmeutsand handsoinely litted up. In themau- 
mfacturing department, every facility and convenience 
in the way of tools and appliances is found for the pro- 
•duction of Candies of all kinds, and a number of skilled 
■Candy makers are employed, who are constantly kept 
ibusy supplying the demands. Theodore Caine is a na- 
tive of New Jersey, and has resid'jd in Easton since 1878 
where he has gained hosts of friends by his courteous 
and genial manner, and reliable business dealings. 



"WILLIAM H. LAING, 

"Bt,ue Front Clothing House," 504 Northamp- 
ton Street. 
The eye of the visitor, in passing through Northampton 
at., is natural drawn to a building made conspicuous by 
its blue color, and which is popularly known as the 
"Blue Front Clothing Store," of which Mr. \Vm. H. Laing 
is the proprietor. This gentleman established this busi- 
ness in Easton in 1879, he havitig, previous to that time, 
■conducted the same line of business for 5 years in Soni- 
erville, N. J. Mr. Laing carries a full line of seasonable 
■clothing, made up in the best manner, of desirable goods, 
iu the most fashionable styles. He also conducts a 
■custom department which is under his own immediate 
supervision, thereby guaranteeing at all times satisfac- 
tion to his patrons. He enjoys a lucrative trade derived 
from the city and surrounding country, and ranks as 
one of the popular Clothiers of Easton. He was born in 
New Jersey, is thoroughly acquainted with this branch 
■of trade, and always u»es his best endeavors to please all 
■^vho may favor him with th.eir patronage. Since he 
has been a resident of Easton he has made many friends 
and is highly esteemed as a citizen. 



THE SINGER MANUFACTURING CO., 

W. R. Francisco, Agent, No. 441 Northampton 
Street. 
The nnmy Sewing Maclunes which are offered the 
public in this day, make it almost a duty on the part of 
the i)ubli(- to fully pip>t itself as to the imlividual merits 
of each separate maeliinc ottered, and the groinids upon 
■which each company claims the attention of the com- 
onunity at large, while it is not our purpose in the.se pages 
"to diseu.ss the merits and demerits of tlie rival concerns 
engaged in sewin;,' machine manufacture, still we are 



impelled, from a knowledge of the product of the man- 
ufactory, its world wide reputation, and the splendid dis- 
play of enterprise put forth by them, to accord it a little 
more space than is ordinarily devoted to an enterprise 
of this kind. 

Mr. W. R. Francisco, who so ably prosecutes their 
work in this county, is well prepared from a long associ- 
ation witli the business to represent the company in 
this section. His knowledge of sewing machines neither 
begins or ends with the one he now represents, but in- 
stead covers a series of years of active operation for 
other companies, and knowing fully all the intricate 
parts and important combinationof the different makes 
iu the market, is thereby fully able to attest the merits 
of the Singer over other makes. He began operations 
here in 1876, being appointed by the Company as its 
agent for the"Avhole of this County. He has ])ushed his 
work vigorously, and at the present time is running 
their wagons to all parts of his territory, and is disposing 
of about 75 machines of all grades per month; the num- 
ber sold has reached 142 machines in one month, and 
with the splendid facilities enjoyed, the high reputation 
which the machine has, and the push so characteristic 
of the Singer Co's Agents, we see no reason why. in the 
near future, this latter figure shall not become the regu- 
lar monthly exhibit of sales. The principal manufac- 
tory of the Company is at Elizabethport, N. J., and is 4 
stories in height by 1200 feet in length and employs 
2000 hands. The Case and Cabinet factory at South 
Bend, Ind., employs 400 hands and the works at Glascow, 
Scotland, employs about 1000. The Company has 1500 
subordinate offices in the United States and Canada, and 
3000 offices in the old world and South America. Manu- 
facturing in 1880. 538,(X)0 machines. While these figures 
are .startling they only serve to show the world's verdict 
of the Singer Machines. 



WILLIAM J. DAUB, 

Manufacturer of Fine Furniture, Nos. 403 

AND 405 Northampton Street. 
The city of Easton has gained a high reputation for 
the production of fine, artistic furniture, some of the 
establishments within its limits turning out work unsur- 
passed either in design or workmanship, notably that 
of Mr. Wm. J. Daub, whose warerooms at Nos. 403 and 403 
Northampton Street, are located in a lai-ge three-story 
building, having a frontage of 20 feet and a depth of 80 
feet, and present an attractive display of elegant and 
tastful furniture, comprising one of the most comprehe- 
nsive stocks in the city, consisting of handsome Parlor, 
Reception Room and Chamber Suits iu Walnut, Mahog- 
any and other popular woods, which are shown in all 
the most fashionable styles and unique designs uphol- 
■stercd in the art. Mr. Daub makes a specialty of mau- 
ufacKiring Fine Furniture to order, of special designs 
and styles, has being thoroughly familiar with the work 
of customers, gives him a decided adaptability for succ- 
essfully conductingthis branch of the business. Besides 
manufacturing Furniture of all kinds, he is also largely , 
engaged as a dealer in these articles, and has in .stock a j 
full line of goods suital)le for furnishing all departments , 
of a household. Mr. Daub establitihed this biisine,-<s in 
1S79, and holds a leading position in the furniture trade 
of Easton. He gives employment to 10 skilled artizans, 
and has every convenience and facility to supply all 
demands made upon him. Mr. Daub has for more than 
28 years been a resident of Easton unci is well known 
throughout the city, and wiis, previous to engaging iu 
his present business, prominent as a grocer. He is an 
honorable and reliable gentleman and enjoys an exten- 
sive patronage from among the citizens of Easton and 
the surrounding towns. 



S6 



RESOUECES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



C. W. BIXLER, 

.IKWELLER, 406 Northampton Stkkkt. 

An attriietive feature ofthat busy thoroughfare North- 
ampton Street is the Jewelry establishment of Mr. C. W. 
IJixler, which is at once readily recognized by the sign 
of the ••]«•■■ Wateh." 

Tliis business was originally established in ISCl l)y 
Mr. R. II. Bixler who carried it on successfully until 
1873. when he was followed by Mr. Walter Hamman, wlio 
conducted it until 1S7S when it came into the possession 
of the pre.-;cnt proiM'ietor. Mr. C. W. Bixler is a young, 
enterprising and active business man and a thorougli 
practical .Jeweller. lie was born in Easton in 1846 and 
for three years worlced at the Jewelry business in New 
York City, and was also as many years in business for 
himself in that city. The store at No. 406 Northampton 
Street is neat, handsome and attractive, having a front- 
age of !.^ feet with a depth of ;i') feet, in which is display- 
ed a choice assortment of Jewelry, of all kinds, precious 
stones, watches, broaches, finger rings, ear rings, etc., of 
both foreign and domestic production. American 
Watches are largely dealt in, and a specialty made of 
repairing Watches, Jewelry, etc. Mr. Bixler is an hon- 
orable and leliable business man and guarantees all 
articles from his establishment strictly as represented. 
His stock is always complete in the most fashionable 
and stylish Jewelry, so that the tastes of all, even the 
most fastidious, can without much trouble or delay be 
pleased an<l gratified. 

As a representative house in this special line of busi- 
ness that of Mr. Bixler takes a leading rank and is popu- 
lar with all classes of the community. He is highly es- 
teemed as a business man and has won hosts of friends 
by his courteous and amiable manner towards all wl)(> 
have a.s.sociation with him. 



WHEELER c*c WILSON SEWING MACHINES, 

Thom.vs a. Keller, Agent, 105 North.^mpton 
Street. 

The Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machines are well 
known by every one in all parts of United States. Tlieir 
merits Ijcing fully tested daily througliout the country, 
and the highest encomiums are constantly ))eing secured 
from those wlio speak in the most favorable terms of 
them, more particularly of the New No. 8 Machine, which 
is for sale by Mr. T. A. Keller, the courteous ami popular 
agent for Northampton County, Pa., and Warren Connt.v, 
N. J. His office is at No. lO.'i Northampton street, wliere 
he can always be seen and is always pleased to furnish 
information or give instructions concerning any of the 
machines or attachments made by tlie Wheeler & A\'il- 
son Company. In his stock can always be found a full 
line of all kinds of machines of this company's manufac- 
ture, together with a large supply of attachments. 

The New No. 8 Machine is claimed to be tlie best ma- 
chine in the world for general family purjio.ses— the 
special points of excellence claimed being of simplicity 
of construction, durability, and easy and noiseless run- 
ning. The Wheeler li Wilson Company have received 
innumerable medals and diplomas from all the leading 
fairs and expositions throughout the world, and their 
machines hold a rank to day unsurpassed by those of 
any otlier manufacture of the country. The.se machines 
are highly endorsed and recommended, and those con- 
templating making a purchase of a Sewing Machine 
should call on Mr. Keller before going elsewhere. Mr. 
Keller is a native of Heading, Pa., but for 22 years has 
been a resident of Easton. He is thoroughly familiar 
■with all the ditferent machines made and has had an 
experience of 9 years as an agent. He is an honorable 
and upright gentleman, who makes it his study to 
please all, so that those who may favor him with a call 
will be courteously received and politely waited upon. 



The Wlieeler & Wilson can well be congratulated upon 
liaving so gentlemanly and enterprising a man as Mr, 
Keller to rei)re.'icnt them in this community. 

SAMUEL BUTZ, 

"Artistic" Shirt M.\nufacturer. Importer ani> 
Retailer of Men's Pine Furnishing Goods, 29 
South Thikd srREET. 

An interesting and an important business estab- 
lishment in Easton. where gentlemen can procure those 
essential and recniisites necessary for their comfort, as 
well as an elegant appearance, is that of Mr. Samuel 
Butz, the popular "Artistic" Shirt Maker and "gentle- 
men's outfitter" at No. 29 S. 3rd Street, who began thi.s- 
business in 1874, then being the firm was Butz & Burt. 
In 1880 Mr. Burt retired and Mr. Butz is now conducting 
tlie business alone. The store is neat, handsome and 
showy, dimensions IG by 60 feet, having a double front, 
in which are displayed all the newest and latest styles 
and designs of the most recherche description of gentle- 
men's Neclc Wear, comprising the latest London and 
Paris fashions. There are also full stocks of Kid Gloves, 
and Gloves of all kinds suitable for all seasons. Hosiery, 
Underwear, etc. A specialty of Mr. B's business is hi3 
"Artistic" Shirt which is cut upon scientific principles, 
and perfect fitting, thus affording ease and comfort to 
the wearer. These goods he manufactures to measure, 
but also keeps in stock a fine assortment ready-made, to 
supply the immediate wants of those who may desire 
them. In the manufacturing department ten skilled 
workpeople are always employed in filling orders and 
supplying the demand, which is growing rapidly, the 
patrons being numbered among tlie best citizens of 
Easton and the immediate vicinity, although there are 
times wlien orders come in from a distance, so well 
known and Iiighly popular has his special make of 
shirts become. 

Mr. Butz is a native of Easton, and an honorable and 
ui>rigiit business man. He is well known to all classes 
of tlie community and his neat, attractive and well 
stocked store is the favorite resort of the tasteful and 
fastidious, when they are in search of the novelites of 
the seasons. 



THEODORE CAINE, 

Millinery & Fancy Goods, .5th, Corner North- 
ampton. 
Among the active and fashionable establishments, at 
least to the ladies in Easton, is tlie Millinery and Fancy 
Goods emporium of T. Caine, located at the corner of 
5th and Northampton Streets. The business was origi- 
nally established in 1861 by Mr. Wm. B, Lane, who suc- 
cessfully conducted it until 1880, when he was succeed- 
ed by the present proprietor ,who occupies the first and 
second floors of a large doul)le front building, having a 
dimension of 30 feet square, in which a large and gener- 
al assortment of fancy goods and millinery are always 
displayed. The prominent feature is the millinery de- 
partment, where may be seen at all times a general and 
varied line of seasoiia))le and fa.shionable millinery of 
the latest Parisian, London and New York styles, beau- 
tiful in their arrangement of feathers and flowers, deli- 
cate and lovely to loolc upon. These goods are all got- 
ten up in the highte.st taste, rich and elaborate. The 
designs and styles being in such variety tliat witliout 
much difficulty a becoming hat or bonnet can be select- 
ed. Those who may desire to have these articles made 
to order from any special style or in any particular man- 
ner, can be accommodated without delay as 7 expressed 
and skilled attendants are always engaged in this de- 
partment during each season. Mr. Caine is a native 
of Somerset Co., N. J., and since he has been engaged iu 
this business, his establishment has become one of the 
most popular, as it is decidedly the largest,in Easton. 



RESOTRCP^SOFTHE LKHIGII VALLKY. 



87 



E. E. HEMMINGWAY, 

Sadki.euy IIakdware and Coach Trimmings, 
Cor. Xoktiiampton and Fifth Strekts, 

Many advniitnges combine to make Easton an excel- 
lent i>()int for the distribution of supplies for a large ex- 
tent of country, as the centre of ii thickly settled district 
convenient by an unexcepiionable system of railroads 
witli the prominent cities and manufacturing points of 
tlie country its facilites as a source from which 
tlic consumer is to procure needed goods, can not be ex- 
celled. Here arc establishments of every department of 
trade, prominent amonj;- them being the house of E. E. 
Ilennningway, deali-r in Saddlery Hardware and Coach 
Trimmings, located in a large building, at the corner of 
Northampton and Fifth Streets. This house was estab- 
lished in W.Mt. by the present proi>rietor, removing to 
present stand in iSi'i, where he has for nearly forty years 
conducted his business, which has grown during that 
lime to wonderful proportions. The store occupied com- 
bines an area of 2.">x.j.') feet, in which is an unusually 
large stock of goods, embracing everything suggested by 
Saddlery Hardware and Coach Trimmings. Dealers 
and consumers will here find an assortment that is not 
only large, but in every respect desirable as to quality, 
the business having been built up through the excellent 
qiuility of everything for sale, a standard that is still 
maintained. To enumerate the articles, or specially com- 
ment upon any particular class of goods, would in this 
editorial notice be superfluous,but suffice to say, that Mr. 
Hemniingway's long experience in handling these 
goods, enables him to fully comprehend the wants of 
his trade, which has been met by as fine an assortment 
as is found outside of the great cities. In the rear of 
the store he has a large storehouse, in which he carries 
a stock of goods that have been purchased in large quan- 
tities at the most desirable times and prices. Mr. Hem- 
mingway is also the proprietor ofa well-furnished livery 
stable, on Church Street, containing twenty-five horses. 

Mr. Hemmingway was born in New Haven, Con- 
necticut, April 12, 1816, and while a lad and until he had 
reached his fifteenth year, worked upon a farm, not se- 
curing as much schooling as boys of a later day are in 
habit of obtaining. When reaching this age, being in- 
spired with a desire to make his way in the world suc- 
cessfully, entered a shop in New Haven, as an apprentice 
to the tr^de of silver plating, where he remained four 
years, and at the age of nineteen he began business for 
himself. In looking for a desirable location, he finally 
settled upon Easton for the scene of his operations, ar- 
riving in this town Dec. 2, lS8t). He gradually changed 
from the business of silver plating to that in which he 
is now engaged, and at this time is with two excep- 
tions, the oldest established business nuui on Northamp- 
ton street. Mr. Hemmingway is emi)hatically a self- 
made man, reaching the present position of affluence 
through years of struggle, in which his own personal ef- 
forts were his only help. He has a number of times 
been honored by his fellow citizens with jiositions of 
coutidence, and is at i)resent serving his fifth tenii as 
a member of the borough council, coveringa period of 
fifteen years, a longer term than ever alloled to one sin- 
gle individual in the history of the Borough. He is 
President of the Council, a position of no little honor 
and responsibility. Mr. Hemmingway is one of Easton' s 
representative tiusiiifss men, and as such, respected 
and esteemed by all who kiu>w him. 

I. E. STAIR, 

Kkystonk Pi,anin(; Mii.i.. 22 Lkhkton Street, 

Near the Iron Riuixje, on the Biisiikii.i.. 

A large and growing business is carried ou in Easton 

in this special line of manufacture, one of the leading 

establishments being that of Mr. J. E. Stair, whose mill, 



located at 22 Lehicton street, near the iron bridge, on 
the Bushkill, has achieved a prominence second 
to no other in this section of the valley. The mill 
which was built in 187G, is of :52 feet front, with a depth 
of 80, three .story frame, replete with all the latest de- 
vices and machinery for wood-working purposes, re- 
quiring a forty liorse-iiower engine, and giving employ- 
ment to fifteen workmen. This gentleman began bus- 
iness some little distance above his present site in 1865, 
and three years later, IStiS, his property was entirely 
consumed by fire, but phcenix like, he rose from the 
ashes, and prosecuted his industrj- with still greater 
vigor. The mill now occui>ied is complete in every de- 
partment, for the manufacture of Sa.sh, Blinds, Doors, 
Shutters, Moulding, Stair Railing and the general vari- 
ety of planing mill work, which is constantly kept on 
hand and made to order. Mr. Stair also carries on the 
lumber business, the yard being located adjacent to the 
mill. He keeps at all times in stock a half-inillion or 
more feet of the various kinds of lumber, which is held 
at prices that at once commands the attention of those 
contemplating the erection of new buildings or making 
needed improvements in old. This gentleman pur- 
chases his Imnber at first hands, in the great lumber re- 
gions of Williamsport and Michigan, and Is therefore 
enabled to maintain prices that place hira in a most 
satisfactory position for transacting a large business in 
this dei)artnient. 

Mr. Stair is prominently known throughout the 
county, and for thirty-two years has been a resident of 
the borough of Easton. He is one of its wide-awake 
and enterprising bu.siness men, and a gentleman known 
for his integrity and honorable dealing in all business 
transactions. 

EDWIN S. ST. CLAIR, 

"Scientific Shirt" Manufacturer, Centre 

Square. • 
One of the popular establishments of Easton, and one 
of growing importance, is that of Mr. Edwin S. St. Clair, 
who is Well known as the manufacturer of the "Scien- 
tific Shirt." He is located in commodious quarters in 
Centre Scjuare, and is actively engaged in supplying a 
large and growing demand for this justly popular style 
of shirts. Among the almost innumerable brands of 
shirts in the market there is substantially no difference 
except in name; but Mr. St. Clair has introduced into 
the manufacture of his specialty several scientific prin- 
ciples, in the fonn of the bosom and yoke which combin- 
ed make a more comfortable, better fitting and better 
wearing g;vrment, and one which cannot fail to please 
the most exacting. At present he is confining his busi- 
ness to special orders, but is preparing to manufacture 
and carry in stock a full and complete line of all styles, 
sizes and qualities of the "Scientific Shirts," to meet the 
wants of his growing trade. Although he only began 
business in Nov., 1880, he has, by his euierprise and re- 
putation for satisfactory Work, sui.ivi.ded in securing 
a large and fastidious patronage, and numbers among 
his customers many of the leading citizens of Ea.stuu 
and vicinity. Mr. St. Clair is a ualive of Pottsville, aud 
though a young n.iui, has lead an active busiutoS life. 
When only fifteen yi;us old he eiilic.icd as bugler in Co. 
L, 7th Peun^yI^■auia CuwiKy; i.cut with SL^nxiaU to 
Atlanta, participating in all thcbuiileo of thevau..i)uigu, 
and was one of the aetui.-. at iLc elu^in^^ecuoi /the war 
— the capture of Jeff, l-uvis, uhieh mus ehteicd ticar Iv- 
winsville, tJa., by a poiiioii vi" the cummuud to wh'ch 
he was attached. He is polite uud attcutive (u bi(.sJu<;.as, 
ftuagrit-ablc gentleiuui), «ud tti the uiauu<\«ctuiei" v>f* 
the " Scientific Shirt" his svivJco:! wUl ho i\X ikutuud 
by those who desire easo uud cojutlu't iu (hut ardolo, 
iudispeusible to a well divisod gcutlomau— Iho Shirt. 



3« 



RESOURCES OF THE I EIIIOII VALI.KV. 



J. V. STOUT, 

Photographer, 307 and 427 Northampton 
Street. 
While overlooking the trades, commerce and manu- 
factures of this city, we must not evade a consideration 
of the arts as well, in one of which important branches 
we find Mr. .1. V. Stout engaged, with advantage to 
himself and the public. He occupies one of the oldest 
established galleries in the town, it having been started 
about twenty years ago, coming under the proprietorship 
of Mr. S. in 1877. The main gallery is situated at 307 Nor- 
thampton Street, where there are four rooms in every 
respect adapted to the business. The branch is one square 
above, at 427 Northampton Street, and here too Mr. Stout 
also possesses superior facilities for producing fine work. 
The possession of certain specialties has been a great 
aid in the acquirement of his celebrity, and renders easy 
the production of pictures, matcliless for beauty, perma- 
nency and brilliancy. In addition to these advantages 
Mr. Stout has reliable appliance of great magnitude 
by which landscape views and buildings are obtained, 
which he alone, in this city, possesses facilities for mak- 
ing. A splendid camera contributes greatly to the perfec- 
tion of the crayon work, for which he receives high en- 
comium, and aid in giving to his establishment a com- 
pleteness, rare and desirable. So far as his rooms are con- 
cerned nothing is left to be desired. Many photographers 
dislike taking children, as they are at times very trou- 
blc-iome and the result so uncertain. But few operators 
can make their pictures successfully. It requires a pec- 
uliar "knack" and above all a great amount of patience. 
This Gallerj- has made Children a specialty. Mr Stout's 
operator possesses a natural faculty for taking them ; his 
chemicals work so quick that no baby can dodge them. 
The reception rooms are spacious, while the operating 
department is supplied with every appliance and con- 
venience that can insure the completeness of all work 
taken. The main gallery is the largest iniown, and proba- 
bly doing a business equalling all other galleries combin- 
ed. He employs seven hands, his chief operator be- 
ing a New York expert, and one of the best in his line. 
Mr. Stout was born in Easton in 1849 and is in every re- 
spect a self-made man, his present high standing in 
the community being the result of his untiring industry 
and efforts to succeed. For eleven years he was engaged 
in the insurance business with Mr. J. Opydycke. This 
partnership was dissolved in 1880 by the retirement of 
Mr. Stout from the business, to better enable him to 
give his attention to the photographic art. To this gen- 
tleman Easton is indebted for the telephone system, 
which it has in use, he not only having inaugurated the 
system, but now managing it, the central ofiice being 
located in an adjoiiiing room to his gallery. This is now 
not only a matter of convenience for the business men, 
but a necessity that could not be dispen.sed with. Mr. 
Stout, as we have before stated, is a self-made man, hav- 
ing succeeded to very marked degree in winning the re- 
spect and esteem of his fellow citizens, at the same time 
rising from humble beginuing, to a position among the 
responsible business men of the town. 

JACOB WALTER, 

fr.ltCHANT MiLLKK, OFFICE, 144 SOUTH THIRD 

stref.t. 
On. .r the old-time business men, and a pioneer in 
builiing up the milling trade of the borough of Easton, 
is Mr. .Jacob Walter, who for the past forty years has 
bt^en one of our most respected citizens, growing up 
with the manufacturing interest of the town, and gath- 
ering around him numerous friends, during the many 
years, who have shown upon many occasions their ap- 
preciative confidence in his integrity as a business 
gentleman and private citizen. Mr. Walter founded 
what are now kuowu as the "Bushkill Flouring Mills" 



in 1848, the business giadiially assuming under his care- 
ful guidance and management increased pnipoition, 
until in about 1S."m, when he opened in addition to the 
mill, an office and storehouse upon South Third Street, to 
better accommodate his trade. In 1869 he again in- 
creased his facilities by combining a second mill, locat- 
ed near the original property on Bushkill Creek. Both 
mills are run by water, each having a turbine wheel of 
sixty horse power, with an engine of 40 horse power in 
reserve, when the stream fails to supply the requisite 
power. In the new mill there are five run of stone on 
flour, the other, four run, two on flour and two on feed, 
and in all departments giving employment to fourteen 
hands. Mr. Walter is the largest miller in Kaston, sup- 
plying a trade extending for thirty miles around. The 
grades of flour manufactured at the Bushkill Mills liave 
a standard reputation for superiority— which has been 
always maintained through the many years of their 
production, comparing most favorably with the fmest 
brands now in the market. Mr. Walter, at all times 
carries a large .stock at his storehouse. No. 144 South 
Third Street, from which he supplies the increasing 
local trade. Few men in Easton, are more highly esteem- 
ed, than is the gentleman at the head of this industry — 
he being recognized as a promoter of every movement 
that will in any manner conduce to the general im- 
provement or add to the prosperity of his native town. 
Mr. Walter is not only well and favorable known in the 
borough of Easton, but in a like manner respected 
throughout the county and adjoining portions of New 
Jersey. 



JOHNSTON & WEED, 

New York Store, 348 Northampton Street. 
The location of Easton, directly upon the line of two 
prominent Railroads, with a third running north and 
south through the valley of the Delaware, within close 
proximity, two important canals leading to tlie coal re- 
gions of our great State, and the greatmartsoftheearth, 
make it a very prominent centre for trade. Here a large 
scope of surrounding country seek to purchase the ne- 
cessaries of life, giving to the city a volume of business 
made greater than is usually found in similar comnuuii- 
ties. This fact has prompted the origin of many 
houses, prominent among those, who have witliin a 
few years located here, are Messrs. Johnston tt Weed, 
dealers in dry goods and notions, they having establisli- 
ed their business in 1879, removing from New York 
city at that time. The store is lS.x90 feet in dimensions, 
eligibly situated within the centre of the retail business 
of the town, occupying a portion of the Opera House 
building. No. 348 Northampton Street. The firm carry 
a full line of Ory Goods, Notions and fancy articles for 
ladies, bought in New York markets, and embrac- 
ing all the new and desirable styles in these goods. 
Their acquaintances with tlie leading wholesale houses 
in that city, places them in the most advantageous posi- 
tion for receiving the finest and choicest of all goods, as 
soon as introduced, which not only secures to their 
house a most desirable stock at all times, but enables 
them to compete in all matters with rival houses. 
They employ continually in their establishment eight 
hands, all of whom possess a thorough knowledge oft he 
goods handled. The senior member of the firm Mr. 
Johnston, was born in New Jersey, but was for many 
years, prior to removal to Easton, in business in New 
York city. Mr. Weed is a native of Connecticut. Both 
ofthe.se gentlemen are active and enterprising business 
men, displaying in the management of the "New York 
Store" that push and vim so common to those who havo 
ever felt the influence of the great activity displayed by 
citizens of the Metropolis. 



RESOTMJOKS OF THE LKIIIfiir VALLEY. 



39 



KELLER'S INPLVN VEGKT.VBLE ItKSTOUATlVK, 

Thomas A. Kei.i.uk, Fkopkiktoi:, 1G7 Sitckkavks 
Stkekt. 

Whoever places within the reach of Mineiinshumaiiity 
a specific remedy for any of the various "ills that llesh 
is heir to" is no less a public bcnelactoi- than the skilled 
physician who devotes his abilities to the treatment of 
the multitude of diseases. Keller's Indian Vegetable Re- 
storative for Dyspepsia, Fever and Ague, and Liver Com- 
plaint, is most decidedly such a specific. 

Itdoes not claim tobe aenrc-all, and is not in any 
sense a quack nostrum, but a specific remedy, whicli 
forovert»^enty-five years has been prepared and sold 
in the vicinity of Eastou. The benefits resulting from 
its use being attested by thousands. 

This medicine was first prepared by Mr. Keller's 
father, and fonnany years, was simply a neighborhood 
remedy, but the constantly increasing demand has at 
last induced the proprietor to make arrangements for 
manufacturing it on an extensive scale, and to place it 
generally on the market. 

It is particularly as a remedy for malaria and Fever 
and Ague that we desire to call attention in this article. 
To those who reside in sections where Malaria 
abounds, a remedy in which they could place confid- 
■ence would be of untold value. One needs to have 
shivered with the Ague in the morning, and toss with 
the raging fever in the afternoon, regularly, day after 
day, for months, to know what it is. To wake in the 
morning knowing that at such an hour the chill is cer- 
tainly coming, and to dread, through the weary hours 
of the day, the fever that will surely follow, this must 
he known by experience before one can appreciate 
what is meant when a cure, sure and certain is promis- 
ed for the present, and an unfailins; remedy for the 
future is offered. For this disease the proprietor of the 
Indian Vegetable Restorative guarantees a cure in every 
instance, or is willing to refund the cost of the medicine. 
In no single instance, when it ha-f been tested during 
the past twenty-five years has it failed to work a com- 
plete cure. It is free from any jmisonous mineral sub- 
stance, being purely vegetable in its composition, and 
its use leaves the patient free from t'te debilitating ef- 
fects of Quinine, which is almost worse than the disease. 
The proprietor is prepared to furnish the Restorative 
in quantities to Druggists or families. Though compara- 
tively only a short ti*he before the public the sale has 
already assumed large proportions, and is rapidly in- 
creasing as the merits of the compound are becoming 
more widely known. 

To persons suffering from Ague, or to families and 
dealers living in sections where malaria prevails, this 
remedy is particularly worthy of attention and trial. 



JOHN ABEL, 

Pure Confectioneky, 237 Northampton Street. 
In every commercial centre the hixury goes side and 
side witli the necessity, and there are seen equally as 
large enterprises for the sale of one as of the other. This 
is as it should be, as the .Vinerican people are very de- 
sirous in their every-day life to possess for their comfort 
or tastes as much of the luxuries as can be secured. A- 
mong the houses in Kaston that are devoted to the man- 
ufacture and Mile of these articles, can be mentioned 
that of Mr. Jolin .Vbel, who occupies the leading jiosi- 
tion, as a .Manufacturer and Wliolesale and Retail Deal- 
er in I'ure Confectionory. This house was established 
«bout 1S;!0 by Mr. Peter Tellier, the present proprietor 
connecting himself with Ilie business in IN!'), and now 
possessing facilities for the manufactine of lliese goods 
so much in advance of other liouses, that he feels con- 
fident that, with the complete line of the latest and 
most improved labor saving machinery, he can offer 



goods of the best quality, and at prices to suit the closest 
buyers. He manufactures a full line of plain goods of 
all varieties, including a large as.sortment of pure sugar 
toys and fruits for the general trade. He has the larg- 
est and finest a.s.sortment of French Confections to be 
found in Easton, and makes a specialty of Cream Taffy, 
Caramels and Fine Chocolates, also a full line of Toys, 
Baby Carriages, Velocipedes, Balls, Bats, etc. 

Mr. Abel is the proprietor of an elegant Ice Cream 
Parlor immediately in rear of store, in which he furnish- 
er his celebrated make of Creams. He pays particular 
attention to this department of the trade, and is the rec- 
ognized head of the business in the town. 

Mr. Abel occupies a large store at No. 2:57 Northamp- 
ton Street, employing in the various departments eight 
hands, the whole under his personal supervision. His 
long career has not only made him thoroughly 
acquainted with-every demand of the trade, but firmly 
established himself in the respect and esteem of his fel- 
low citizens. 

EVAN BUCHMAN, 

Lehigh Sash Factory and Lxjmber Yard 
Office, 31 South Front Street. 

The enterprise displayed by those engaged in the 
Lumber trade at Easton has been, an^ is of such an 
active and aggressive character as to center at this point 
an enormous trade, and give every assurance of rapid 
increase and development. Many operators in this 
direction are now transacting a business that involves 
a large amount of capital and results in a product, the 
dimensions of which are most impressive. 

Among such, Mr. Evan Buchmau must be accorded 
a conspicuous and justly prominent position, as one of 
Easton's pioneers in this line of industry. The Planing 
Mill business conducted by Mr. Buchmau was originat- 
ed by him in S-j", with an extremely limited capital 
and small resource, his location at that time being^upon 
Dock Street. The admirable location for the trade, 
however, and the superior talent and industry of its 
founder, soon caused the business to flourish, and es- 
pecially within the last decade, when the success has 
been very emphatic. In 1875 he built the mill now oc- 
cupied, on Ferry Street, and at once removed his busi- 
ness thereto, being thus enabled to meet with a greater 
degree of promptness the requirements of his patrons. 
This building has a dimension of 42x80 feet, two-story 
and a-half frame, with stone abutments, and fitted with 
every needful appliance for the rapid manufacture of all 
Planing Mill work, requiring in the motive of the same 
an engine of f irty-horse power. Here he has employed 
twelve skilled mechanics. 

.\uother branch of Mr. Buchman interests is the lum- 
ber business, the yard being located on Front street, 
where he carries in stock, about four hundred thousand 
feet of lumber, the greater part of which being well stor- 
ed under cover, keeping it in condition for immediate 
building use. In as.sociation with other gentlemen, he 
has been engaged in the lumber trade for many years, 
coming into the sole proprietorship of the present yard 
in 187 1 , and successfully carrying it on since that period. 

At the lumber yard, he has his office, occupying a two- 
story frame building. No. 31 South Front Street. 

Mr. Buchnnm was born in Lehigh County, and came 
to Easton over thirty years ago. In all respects Mr, 
Buchmau is entitled to the highest credit, and may prop- 
erly be regarded as a self-made man. 

,\moug his fellow citizens he bears an unimpeachable 
reputation as a gentleman of honor aud integrity in the 
illustration of which, it may be mentioned, that he wa.s 
selected by them, as one of the couimissiouers for the 
construction of new water works. 



40 



RESOURCES OF THE LEIilGII VAl.Lia'. 



\VM. H. KELLER, 

Pianos and Organs, ir.ii Noi-.tiiampton 
Street. 

A careful examination of the industries of 
Easton, reveals the fact that iiiiiny enterprises 
are carried on which demand .special attention, 
and will arouse the inlerest ni'tlic reader by the 
prominence which they have achieved. Of such 
the Piano and Organ sale.sroinn, of Mr. William H. 
Keller, at No. 159 Nortliamplon i^trcet. becomes a 
fil theme for remark. 

In IS?.') he opened his establishment with a de- 
termination to give to Easton, one of the largest 
and best managed depots for the sale of Pianos 
and Organs to be found in Northeastern Penn- 
sylvania, and it is a gratifying fact to be able to 
stiite that in this respect he has been successful. 
He occupies a large sale and store room, iu 
dimensions, 26 x 50 feet, which gfN'es ample 
opportunity for the display of an extensive as- 
sortment of these instruments. His stock of 
Square and Upright Piano-Fortes, are all from 
the besM, manufacturers, including the celebrated Weber 
and Schomacker (gold strings), James & Ilnlstrom, 
Pease & Co., Christie & Co. and Grand Central, and are 
without exception of the best pianos manufactured. 
They all have Overstrung Bass, FuU Iron Frame. French 
(fraud Action, Fret Desk, Carved Pedal, Solid Rosewood 
^liHilding, Ivory Key Fronts, Capped Hammei's, Agraffe 
Treble and every modern improvement. The manu- 
facturers use materials of the most approved excellence 
m every part of these Pianos, and Mr. Keller is enabled 
to guarantee them for six years, a length of time al- 
most unknown with any other dealer. 

In addition to the stock of Pianos, he displays a fine 
variety (if Parlor and Church Organs, of the following 
■well-known makers: Mason & Hamlin, Smith Ameri- 
can. Wilcox it White, Peloubet & Co.. New England Co., 
and (ieorge Woods cfc ('o.,in rich cmscs of newest (lcsii;ns 
and style.<. An attractive feature of the display is tlie 
handsome little instrument manufactured by the ?*Ias- 
on & Hamlin Company, styled the "Baby Cabinet Organ" 
which though small in frame, possesses the sweet tones 
and almost equal power of the large ones. Mr. Keller 
keeps constantly in stock instruments to the value of 
from fS.OOO to $10,000, embracing an assortment of 
unusual size and superiority. 

By this enterprise thecitizens of Easton and stn-rmnid- 
ing country are supplied with an emporium giving 
them the same advantages to be secured at the houses 
of th.e metropolitan cities. 

In addition to the Piano and Organ business, he is the 
proprietor of a large Book and Stationerv store at No. 219 
Northampton Street, which he established in 1875. The 
stock includes the best and cheapest assortment of 
School, Standard and Miscellaneous Books to be found 
in Easton. at prices gnanintec<l to be the lowest. A 
large variety of Stationery. Blank Books, Photograph 
and Autogiaiih Albums, nnd Fancy Articles arc kept 
constiuitly on liand for his trade, which is daily grow- 
ing in proportions; here he has also, a stock of Violins, 
Banjos, Flutes, Sheet Music, Violin, Guitar and Banjo 
Strings and everything in the nuisic line. The store 
has a dotible front. 22x45 feet in dimensions and pos- 
ses.ses every facility for the business. 

Mr. Keller is a native of Easton having been born in 
Itvll, and is now one of its most active citizens. He is 
poimhirly known throiigluint the entire section, his 
extensive liusiness lehuions with its people giving him 
ft re|in'!i<i( 11 for fair dealing, that has made him hosts 
of f ii I . iind those who ell'ect transactions with either 
of his liiiu>es will derive advantages that cannot be sur- 
passed elsewhere. 




SEEM'S SLATE QUARRY, 

Office 143 South Fourth Street. 

The development of the Slate business in this county 
within the past quarter of a century has been wonderful, 
and we now see this important itroduct of our mineral 
wealth in use upon every hand. Within the Lehigh 
\'alley there are many Slate Quarries, probably more 
than in any other section of the country, and to it the 
world owes much for the superior quality of Slate now 
in use. Prominent among the number in this section, 
is that owned by Mr. Samuel Seem, located eight miles 
north of Easton, on the Stockertown Road. This Quarry 
was open in 1«51. by a gentleman named Haas, who 
continued to develope it until l.soi, when it was purchas- 
ed by Mr. Peter Beisel. Fi\e years later. Mr. Seem suc- 
ceeded to the ownershi)!, and has since that time brought 
the product into favorable competition with otherquar- 
ries. 

The quarry contains sixteen acres of land, and the 
supply is ai)parently inexhaustable, the bed being now 
120 feet deep, with every indication that the slate ex- 
tends to a depth of .500 feet. The quarry produces an 
average of fifty squares per day, employing thirty-five 
hands, and deriving the power for the machinery from 
a forty-five horse engine. The slate from Seem's quar- 
ry has been tested for about thirty years, and has proved 
to be the very best quality. The color is dark l)lue, 
which is unfading, and does not rot, as some inferior 
slate is known to do. It is verj' generally in use for 
roofing and pavements, and as it does not ab.sorb W'ater, 
as practical tests have proven, is better adapted for this 
ptirpose than many slates now in the market. In addi- 
tion, Mr. Seem manufactures it into fence p(jsts, which 
are not only ornamental but practicably imperishable. 

The yard is located at the corner of Fourth and Le- 
high .^'treets, where is carried an extensive assortment 
of slate, three wagons being constantly employed in 
transporting it from the quarry. Mr. Seem is fully pre- 
pared to put on Slate Roofs in any part of the country,, 
and guarantees all work performed. The office is loca- 
ted at 14?. South Fourth Street. 

Mr. Seem, the head of this extensive enterpri.se, was 
born in Kriedersville, Northampton County, in 1S2I , and 
at an early age entered a country store as clerk, 
where he remained until he reached his twenty-first 
year. At this period he began the general store business 
for himself and contiiuied it until pin-chasing the quar- 
ry in lM'.(i. He is also interested in the Chapman Slate 
Quiin v. ;in(l for many years transacted business at that 
point 111 the sliite liusiness he is rec. gnized as a repre- 
seiuatixc dealer liv the trade. 



r.ESornoR-* or* the lehigh \- alley. 



41 




STEWART & CO., 

jrANUFACTURERS OF WiRE, SOCTH EaSTON. 

In approaching Easton from the West, the passengers 
in the trains of the Lehigh Valley road are attracted hy 
the many buildings stretched along on the narrow 
strip of land lying between the canal and river, indicat- 
ing by their appearance the scene of some busy industry. 

Inquiry would .soon make them acquainted with the 
fact that these are the well-known Wire Mills of Stewart 
& Co., that have exercised .so important a part in the 
resources of the valley for forty years. 

The mills, as have already been stated, are situated 
upon the banks of the canal of the Lehigh Coal and 
Navigation Company, within the Borough of South East- 
on, where they were originally started in 18o7, at that 
time for the manufacture of nails, the projectors of the 
enterprise being John Stewart, Charles Rodenbough 
John (jTeen and others. Their nails were made from 
the best Juniata bloom iron, and soon became known 
in the market a-s the best, and of course, brought into 
competition many other manufacturers, who had no 
hesitancy in using inferior metal in their production. 
and by this means being enabled to place them in the 
hands of dealers at much lower figures than they were 
able to do. In consequence of the high prices of this 
first-class material and also of parties manufacturing 
inferior stock, and underselling the market, it became 
a question of relinquishing their rule 6f using no infer- 
ior iron, and they abandoned thi' nail trade, and eiiter- 
ed into the manufacture of wire, still adhering to the 
policy of using none but No. 1 material. 

The works at first produced about 25,00() binidles of 
wire annually, and the increase has been .steady and 
gradual until they now turn out annually IJ.'i.fNX) bun- 
dles. The owners use nothing but the Ix-st charcoal 
iron in the manufacture of their wire, it being obtained 
principally in the States of Pennsylvania. New Jersey. 
New York and Maryland, with some sus fur off as Cana- 
da. When the firm commenced the manufacture of 
wire, they employed only forty-tive hands, which num- 
ber has been incrca,sed from time to time initil they 
now employ one hundred and seventy-tive. and with 
the approved methods now in use, clearly illustrating 
the progress these works have made and evincing the 
superior management that has conducted its affairs. 

In 1800, in order to meet the demands of tlieir increas- 
ing trade, it was necessary t<i itdd another mill to the 



works, «nd in 1S70 still another wa.s requisite. Thet~ 
buildings are now known as Mills Nos. I, 2, and 3, and 
has a frontage of eleven hundred feet, which does not 
include a number of smaller buildings in use by the 
firm. The works are run entirely by water power, this 
))eing derived from the canal adjacent, and have now 
in operation three rolling mills, and the same niunber 
of wire mills, employing in the prosecution of the en 
terprise about S200,000 capital. 

The firm (is originally established in ISST. remained with 
out change until 18.52 when Mr. Charles Rodenboug!: 
retired from the firm, and the business title was changcil 
Stewart & Co. In 18(i4 Mr. .John Stewart, th(mgh still 
retaining an interest, relinquished his active indentifi- 
ration with the w^orks, after having being connected 
with them tor a period of twenty-seven years. The 
lirm, as now constituted, comprise Messrs. John Stewart 
< 'harles Stewart, Clement .Stewart, and the heirs of John. 
<Jreen. 

These mills form a very important indu.stry of the Le- 
high Valley, and add to its prosperity in no little degree. 
The gentlemen who are at the head of the enterprise- 
have succeeded by tlieir established rules and fixed 
principles in not only building up a superior industry, 
but have made for them.selves a name among the lead- 
ing reputable manufacturers of the Country. 



D.VXIEL G. FULMER. 

Manufacturer of Mii.i, Picks, No. 427 Spring 
Garden Street. 

Among the manufacturers of Easton tlie enterprise of 
Mr. Fulmer, although not as extensive as some others, 
deserves mention as being the only one of the kind in 
the town. 

The business was established by his father Mr. Joseph 
Fulmer in 1851, the present proprietor working with his 
father until 1871, when he assumed control of the busi- 
ness. He now does all the work for about one hinidred 
of the prominent millers of this section, and his Picks 
are well known throughout New Jersey and Eastern 
Pennsylvania. He devotes himself entirely to this bus- 
iness, and employs several hands. 

Mr. Fulmer is a native of Easton, and is highly es- 
teemed as a straightforward business man. 



42 



KESOUllCKS OF THE LEIIRIII VAI-l-i;V. 



EASTON BRASS WORKS, 

William Young, Proprietor, Corner Church 

and sitgreaves streets. 
An industry that has done much to give Easton a 
name abroad, is that known as "Easton Brass Works," 
William Young, Proprietor, manufacturer of and dealer 
in all kinds of Brass Goods. The works are located at 
the corner of Church and Sitgreaves Streets, where they 
were established in 1874, and now occupy a two-story 
brick building, 25 by 40 feet dimensions. The various 
<iepartments of the industry are fitted with new and 
Improved machinery for the production of the specialty 
ofgoods manufactured, the whole being driven by a 
Baxter engine of ten horse-power, and giving employ- 
ment to six skilled mechanics. The proprietor, Mr. 
Young, is the patentee of a valuable invention known 
as "Young's Water and Gas Main Tapping Machine," 




which is pronounced by experts to be the most useful 
article ever invented for the purpose. Witli this ap- 
paratus the main pipe is drilled and tapped, the ser- 
vice pipe screwed in and connection made in one opera- 
lion, and this without shutting off the water or chang- 
ing tools. The hirge number of these machines in use 
by water and gas companies and leading plumbing 
houses attest its great superiority over other tools in 
use for the same purpose. Mr. Young is also the pat- 
entee and sole manufacturer of a new Wrought Iron 
Lift and Force Pump for deep wells, which commends 




Iteeif for lightncis strength and duiabilnv. It can be 
adapted to any i)*a';e or position where a pump is de- 



sired. Tiie cylinder beiii^ made of brass, it works 
smoothly and will last longer without di.scoloring the 
water. At tlie Centennial E.\hi))ition it received the 
highest award fjr merit, for the following reasons, viz: 
"The tastily designed and durable combination of gas 
pipe, pipe fittings and special castings to form a deep 
well pump." 

Mr. Young has a commodious warehouse alongside 
of the works, where he keeps in stock a large supply of 
Brass Goods, Pumps, etc., as well as the celebrated Bax- 
ter Engines, and Water Motors for Sewiug Machines 
and Church Organs, &e., for which he is the agent. 

He is also the inventor of a Steam Boiler and Appar- 
atus for thawing frozen water pipes under ground, also 
of a Hinged Face Hot Air Register, so adapted as to be 
opened and the feet placed in for warming and which 
also admits of the removal of accumulated dust from 
register, also a compression Swing Basin Cock and a 
Rain Water Cut-off. These inventions are very valu- 
able in their way and must come into prominent use. 
In addition Mr. Young is also associated in the manu- 
facture of Harrington's Anti-Friction Metal, which is 
one of the greatest achievements of the age. It can be 
furnished of the hardness of glass or so soft as to be used 
in drawing wire. Has been pronounced by experts as 
superior to Phosphor-Brouze as an anti-friction metal 
being more durable, cheaper, less cutting on the weeks 
of rolls and must eventually supercede many of the 
Aiiti-Friction metals of the day. His I'atent Candle 
Stick and Lantern with 
Mica Chimney is also 
a very u.seful and valu- 
able article, also his 
Self-Acting Hydrant 
Valve, w h i c h in the 
event of particles clog- 
ging the pipes can be 
taken out and cleaned 
and all obstacles re- 
moved without shut- 
ting off the water; very 
valuable in tenement 
houses or large build- 
ings where only one 
main is used. 
Mr. Young is a native 
of Ireland and a descendcnt of the Scotch-Irish portion 
of that country. He came to Easton twenty-five 
years ago as a plumber and did the first plumbing 
work in many parts of the Valley, notably at AUentown, 
Catasauqua and Bethlehem. He subsequently estab- 
lished the Easton Brass Works, and at this time it 
would be safe to say, that no similar concern in the 
Lehigh Valley enjoys a better reputation for the char- 
acter of its work. 




HAPGOOD, HAY & CO., 

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Boots, Shoes 
AND Rubbers, 339 Northampton Street. 

It is only when making the careful review of each in- 
dividual establishment engaged in promoting the com- 
mercial interests of the city, that one is most forcibly 
struck with the magnitude, importance and success of 
many enterprises, which make but little show to the 
superficial observers. 

A notable illustration Of this statement, is the mam- 
outh house of Hapgood, Hay ct Co., wholesale and retail 
dealers in Boots, Slices and Rubbers, at 339 Northampton 
Street. This establishment was founded in 1870, under 
the firm name of J. Cartis & Co., of which Mr. Hapgood 
was the resident and managing head. This firm estab- 
lishedafiue business and continued until February, 1878, 
when the firm name was changed to C. M. Hapgood & 



RESOUnCF.W OF Tit F LFAUGH VALLEY. 



43 



Co., by the retirement of Mr. Cartis whose interest was 
purchased by Mr. Hay. This title was again clianged 
in 18.S0 to that of TIapgood, Hay «& Co., which was no 
change of interest l)ut simply a change of title. Year 
by year the trade of this house has been e.vtenik'd, and 
Its facilities increased under the able management of 
Mr. Hapgood until it becan\e by far the leading estab- 
lishment of the kind in Eastou. The fimi display an 
enterprise in the introduction of new styles, and the 
promptitude with which they avail themselves of every 
useful or novel innovation has became a matter of wide 
repute, leading to the enhancement of their trade, 
which increase has compelled them to add to their 
facilities by the securing additional salesmen, they now 
having in all departments nine employees, three of 
whom represent thehouse abroad. They carry a large 
stock of goods for their wholesale trade, being the direct 
agents of many of the prominent Boot and Shoe man- 
ufacturers of the country. Including a very general var- 
iety of goods carried under this head. While giving 
their principal attention to their wholesale department, 
they do not neglect that devott'd to retail, displaying in 
their store the finest and choicest of their wholesale 
stock, making it without doubt one of the largest and 
best managed Retail Emporiums in this community, 
and it would be difficult to find a Boot and Shoe store so 
thoroughly equipped, or a firm who furnishes their trade 
with a better class of goods. The trade of this house 
extends over the Central and Southern portion of New 
Jersey, over the entire State of Pennsylvania except a 
portion near Philadelphia, and over the whole of Ohio. 
Few establishments, have ever succeeded in so short a 
time in building up so extensive a trade. 

They have entirely out-grown their present quarters 
(a large three-story building,) and are now engaged in 
erecting an addition which will give them one of the 
largest Stores in the trade. 

When completed the building will be of two-stories, 
two hundred and twenty feet long, with a basement 
under the whole length and two lofts 24 by 10) giving 
12,960 square feet of floor room, and making a large and 
well arranged store, complete in every detail. 

Mr. C. M. Hapgood is a native of Vermont, born in 
1845 he enlisted in the Vermont Brigade at sixteen years 
of age, serving till the close of the War. On his return 
from the army he settled in Boston, engaging in the 
wholesale Boot and Shoe trade, where he remained un- 
til he was burned out in the big fire of 1872. When he 
removed to Easton, and has ever since been associated 
with its business interest. 

Mr. Jacob Hay is a native of Easton, and at the head 
of the well known Wholesale Dry Goods and Notion 
House of J. Hay & Son, widely and honorably known. 

These gentlemen possess superior business abilities, 
and a knowledge of trade gained by many years of mer- 
cantile life, and are closely identified with the promi- 
nent manufacturers of their goods. 

A. J. OD EN WELDER, 

\\'HOLKSAl,E A>-;j Rj^TAIL DeUGGIST, CORNER 
FOUUTH AND NoRTHAVl'luN StkEETS. 

Prominent among the many fine establishments of 
Eu I'lU will l)e found the above thriving house. Began 
in lS4(i by Tliumas Pomp it has been the property of 
stictessive proprietors each in his turn maintaining its 
high reputation uutilits managraent devolved upon the 
present proprietor, Mr. A. J. Odenwelder, who, serious- 
ly in a spirit of just emulation has strived to maintain 
tlie high character of the establishment assumed the 
proprietorship in 1S71. He brought to the management 
of its atl'airs a thorough knowledge of the business gain- 
ed from an experience of many years, his connection 
With the bubiuess however dates from the proprietor- 



ship of Mr. T. J. Casper, with whom be was a.ssociated 
as a clerk, for quite a number oi' years. The stock 
carried by this liouse is tin; equal in it.s variety and pur- 
ity of any house in tlie country and embraces articles 
from the accessories of a ladies' toilet to the heavy and 
bulky articles, such as Paints, Oils, Glass and I'utty. 

His jobbing trade extends to all parts of the adjacent 
country and is steadily inerea.sing. In his prescription 
department he enjoys the confidence of our leading 
Physicians and the ••'ilrouagj of the representative peo- 
ple of the cominunily, who can place implicit reli- 
ance upon the purity and fieshness of his drugs and 
the care and experience exercised in the putting up of 
all preparations. In his stock may also be found a full 
line of sponges, patent preparations of standard value 
and all articles pertaining to the drug business, taken 
as a whole,"few if any of the houses of this character in 
this section of the country take so prominent a position 
for excellence of stock on call in compounding as this 
establishment. 

Mr. A. J. Odenwelder is a native of Northampton Co., 
Pa., but has resided in Easton for many years and is 
well and favorably known to the citizens of this com- 
munity as a gentleman of deserved reputation, as a 
druggist capable in every respect, and as a citizen alive 
to all measures pertaining to the welfare and prosperity 
of Easton. 

JOHN SEMPLE. 

Wholesale Dealer IN Burning and Lubricat- 
ing Oils, OrFiCE and Works Corker Sitgreaves 
AND Lehigh Streets. 

The oil trade in this section of Pennsylvania is well 
represented by Mr. John Semple, whose office and 
Avorks are located at the corner of Sitgreaves and Le- 
high Streets, Easton. The business was established in 
1863 by Heath, Fangboner & Clay, who were succeeded 
by Mr. A. J. Fangboner, one of the original founders of 
the business, who conducted it until the time of his 
death, when it came under the control of Mr. John 
Semple, the present proprietor. 

The trade as now conducted con-sists in supplying 
at wholesale all kinds of burning, and lubricating Oils, 
and a large and extensive business reaching ove>r 3,000 
barrels per annum is disposed of in Easton and vicinity 
alone. The works and storehouse arc substantially con- 
structed of brick and are provided with all the neccess- 
ary apparatus for the business, and containing a tank 
having a capacity of 600 barrels. 

Mr. Semple is a native of New Jersey, where he was 
bom in 1822 and in his younger days served as a clerk 
in a general store. In 1S74 he first engaged in the oil 
burners and since that time has become very successful 
and one of the leading oil dealers in the Lehigh Val- 
ley. Mr. Semple has always been an active, energetic 
and enterprising man, and previous to his embarking 
in the oil trade was in the iron business, and he in 
connection with others erected the Delaware Rolling 
Mill at Phillipsburg, N. J. 

During the summer months he is engaged in buying 
and selling steam engines and machinery. In this 
branch of business he has gained a high reputation, as 
being thoroughly familiar with machinerj' is enabled 
to ofl'er inducements and is capable of judging exactly 
what is required by those in want of such services. 

Since he has resided in Easton he has always fostered 
and materially assisted in everj- improvement, that 
would result in the advancement of the welfare of the 
general public. He is liberal and public spirited, to a 
degree, and is highly esteemed by a large circle of 
friends and is straightforward and honorable in all bus- 
iness tran-sactions. • 



44 



EESOCKCKSOKTI-iF. I.KHIGJI VAl.l.KV 



COE A CO- 
MANUFACTURERS OF Jewelry, 220 Bu?"- m. 
Street. 

Amoug the thriving towns located in t'ltj Lcliigh Vnl- 
ley, Kaston seems possessed of many facilities for Mer- 
cantile pursuits and Manufacturing, not accorded !o 
other communities, and within the past year its peo- 
ple appear to have appreciated their advantages more 
than ever before, the fact being demonstrated by the 
establishment of a number of new industries, amoug 
which is thefirmof Coe i ('o.. manufacturers of Jewelrvi 
who (^ipened their works in April, 18S1, at No. 220 Bush- 
kill .<treet. The factory is located in rear of the above, 
and is a two-story brick building, 20x27 feet in dimen- 
sions, furnished throughout witli all the modern appli- 
ance for the manufacture of all kinds of Fine Gold and 
Roll Plate Jewelry. The machinery being ne\\' and 
combining the latest improvements for the production 
of these goods, the firm were at once placed upon a 
basis to compete with older establishments, and at an 
early day secured a reputation for superior goods. The 
works are run by a ten horse power engine and employ 
thirty-live hands, the greater part of whom are skilled 
artizaus. The firm contemplate manufacturing about 
810(1.000 worth of goods the first year, the capacity of the 
works, however, are such as to enable them to increase 
this amount to one million dollars whenever desired. 
The articles manufactured are of various designs and 
patterns, and when they are able to get ahead of their 
orders, will keep in stock all kinds of Gold and Silver 
Jewelry, Badges, Seals, etc.. This enterprise is the pio- 
neer of its kind in this section, and will doubtless prove 
one of the mo.st important industries located in Easton 
and will do much to promote the prosperity of the 
place. 

The head of the firm, Mr. George R. Coe was born at 
Boontou,N. J., and learned the trade of Engraver and 
Badge Maker, in New York City, where he worked un- 
til 1S71, when he came to Easton and established the 
Jewelry business in Porter's Block, South Third Street. 
Upon starting the manufactory he relinquished the re- 
tail trade and devoted his whole time and energies to 
its success. .He is a young man possessing a thorough 
practical knowledge of the Jewelry trade, and as he is 
personally in charge of the works, it is a guarantee that 
aU goods wiU be up to a high standard of excellence. 

Mr. William R. Wilson, a partner, is a native of Pais- 
ley, Scotland, and has been connected with Mr. Coe in 
the Jewelry business for five years. He is Secretary of 
the Warren Foundry and Machine Company, located at 
Phillipsburgh, N. J., and a gentleman of worth and en- 
terprise. 

The third member of the firm, is Mr. Andrew Smith, 
of Easton, who in addition to the Jewelry business, 
builds the patterns used by the Warren Foundry and 
Machine Company. 

This firm is thoroughly capable of making this indus- 
try, the equal of any in the county and the city. They 
are reliable gentlemen in every respect, and dealers in 
the.se goods by opening trade direct with them, will se- 
cure at all times prompt filling of orders and the ut- 
most satisfaction. 

THOMAS T. MILLER., 

Importer and Wholesale Dealer in Hardware 
Cutlery, Guns, &c., 30 North Fourth Street. 

Among the prominent Wholesale Dealers and Jobbers 
of Easton, the Hardware house of Mr. Thomas T. Miller 
deserves an important mention, being the leading house 
in I his line. 

It was established in 1856, by the present proprietor, 
in n small store opposite its present location, with a mod- 
erate capital and \»ery little trade. By successful man. 



agemcul the bu.'^incss rapidly .is^umcd i)roportions, un- 
til the old (luarterswcrc in>iiirK'ient to accomodate the 
demands of llio trade, and a reuKnal was made to the 
present location. The building is here divided into two 
departments, witli a front of thirty-seven feet, and a 
depth of seventy feet. In addition to the room aftbrded 
in this building, Mr. Miller occupies three store-houses, 
two in rear of store, the othir upon the opposite side of 
the street. The stock of goods carried is unusually large 
and outside the general articles of Hardware, includes 
the Ausable, Globe and Vulcan Horn Nails, Heller's, 
Rowland's ;i . I Ames' Shovels, Black Diamond Files, 
Brauford l,oclcs, Easton Lock Company's Goods, Burden 
and Perkins" Horse Shoes, aud Table and Pocket Cutlery. 

This is the only house in Easton that confines itself 
to the wholesale of Hardware, exclusively, and was the 
first Avholesale Hardware house established in Penn- 
sylvania outside of Philadelphia. Few establishments 
anywhere carry a larger or finer stock, a fact that is very 
generally accepted, their trade extending from Elizabeth 
and Newark, N. J. to Elmira, N. Y., through Northern 
Jersey and Northeastern Pennsylvania. The annual 
sales of the house aggregates between $100,000 and $200,- 
000, and is gradually assuming greater proportions. 

Mr. Miller was born in Mouroe County, Pa., Novem- 
ber 25th, 18'25, and upon reaching his eighteenth year, 
entered a store in his native County. In 1846 he came 
to Easton, and two years later commenced business as a 
general storekeeper, in which he remained until starting 
the present successful enterprise. He is well known 
in the commercial circles of the community, and the 
house of which he is the founder, occupies a position to 
M'hich it is entitled by force of an enlightened business 
policy. He is a director of the First National Bank, of 
Easton, and a member of the State Board of Managers 
of the Young Men's Christian Association, as well as 
President of the Young Men's Christian Association of 
Easton. No citizen of the city is more highly esteemed, 
or has a laiger circle of friends. 

Mr. Miller is assisted in his business by his son Ed- 
ward Miller a young man of much ability, who has been 
in his father's store since 1869 and is thoroughly conver- 
sant with aU branches of the trade. 



EASTON MARBLE COMPANY, 

Office No. 212 South Fourth Street. Mill on 

Dock Street. 
The extraordinary advantages conferred upon Easton 
by its natural position, with reference to its railway 
system, of which it is the centre, as well as the benefit it 
derives from a direct water connection by canal to the 
Atlantic sea-board and the great coal regions of the in- 
terior State, are such as to promote and foster industries 
that, in a less fortunate locality, would have but few 
opportunities for growth or development. This ac- 
counts for the diversity of the enterprises which are 
carried on in the vicinity, and among which we note as 
a useful branch of bu.sihess, the Easton Marble Works, 
located on Dock Street, along the Lehigh River. This 
enterprise was founded in 1873 by the present company, 
who now occupy a main building of frame, one-and- 
a-half stories in height, 60x40 feet, with an engine hou © 
adjoining 16x54 feet and an additional building of 32x20 
feet. The marble is received in the rough state direct 
from the quarries, the bulk of that sawed at these works 
being from Italy and Vermont, a very small portion be- 
ing the Tennessee. After sawing, the Company ship it 
to various sections of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, 
supplying about seventy-five yards. The bvisiness trans- 
acted is large, aggregating between $'25,000 and $30,000, 
and they carry in stock about $18,000 worth of marble. 
This company is the only one engaged in the sawing of 
marble in this valley, and their trade is gradually assum- 
ing greater proportions. 



RESOURCES OF TIFF. LEIIIOII VALLEY. 



45 



The iudividiinl luciiiuuro of the Company are Messrs. 
B. M. Kline, of Huston : I.. 11. J.icss, of Keading, and D. 
H. Schweyer, of Buwc's Station, Berks county. Tlie 
two l*st-nanied gentlemen are the proprietors of exten- 
sive marble works at Bower's Station, and are also lieav- 
ily interested in iron ore and lumber in that seelion. 

Mr. Kline, who has the sole management of the works 
located at Easton, is emphatically a gentleman of su- 
perior business talent, the successful control he has ex- 
■ercised over the works of the company, hearing abund- 
Ant attestation of this fact. He commands the respect 
of his fellow citizens, and takes an active interest in 
any movement that will promote the advancement of 
the borough of which he is a resident. 



WILLIAM II. HAZZARD. 

Wall Paper akd Window Shades, 240 Noeth- 

AMl'TON STREKT. 

The decoration of the house is becoming a very im- 
portant study. Artists of acknowledged ability are 
employed in furnishing new, elegant and attractive de- 
signs for Wall Paper and Hangings, and manufacturers 
^ire putting forth all their energy and vising their ut- 
most resources to excel in this important and useful de- 
)iartment of industry. In the retail trade in these goods 
in Easton, the house of Mr. William H. Hazzard is re- 
cognized as holding the leading position. It was estab- 
lished about twenty-six years ago by Mr. T. A. DuBois, 
■who continued its proprietorship until 1872, when Mr. 
Hazzard succeeded. He now occupies the entire build- 
ing at No. 240 Northampton Street, its dimensions being 
2oxG0feet and two-and-a-half stories in height. The tirst 
floor is in use as a salesroom for Wall Papers, he carrying 
in stock a full line from the common grades to the most 
beautiful and elaborate patterns and qualities. In dec- 
orations for ceilings there is a handsome assortment of 
such designs as to meet the desires of the most refined. 
The upper floor is devoted to Window Shades, of which 
he has a very complete variety, embracing every prom- 
inent style now in use. In the conducting of this enter- 
prise there are employed eighteen hands, as salesmen, 
paper-hangers and decorators. 

In addition to wallpaper and shades, the latter being 
made to order, he keeps in stock gilt and walnut cor- 
nices and room moulding, and in many other respects 
is better calculated to decorate and furnish the interior 
of residences or public rooms than any other establish- 
ment in the city. 

Mr. Hazzard is a native of Philadelphia, coming to 
Easton in 1872, when he embarked in the present enter- 
prise. By his kind and pleasing manner, and superior 
goods, he has attached to him a large patronage, believ- 
ing that the people of this community would support 
any establishment devoted particularly to the finest 
grades of wall paper, he sought to cater for their custom 
and has succeeded in a very marked degree in building 
up an enterprise that is a credit alike to the town and 
himself. 



THOMAS DAILY, 

Practical Hatter, 15 South Third Street. 
On the ground floor of the imposing structure, on 3d 
Street, known as Porter's Block, are located a number of 
establishments, prominent among them being that of 
Thomas Daily, the popular "practical" hatter of Easton. 
Mr. Daily has always been in this business in Easton and 
is a native of Northampton County, born in 1812. He 
originally established the business in 1849, and on the 
completion of the Porter's Block in 1872, he removed 
to it, where he still remains, and occupies the site which 
he did when he first began business in 1819, making on- 
ly a tojnporary removal while the new building was be- 
iugerected. The store is 19x40 feet dimensions, in viiaich 
he has at all times a fine stock of fashionable hats, caps, 



&c. Being a practical hatter he possesses the advan- 
tage of knowing how to suit his patrons both as regards 
the style of a hat and its suitabil ity to the wearer, there- 
fore he enjoys a large patronage, chiefly among the be.st 
class of citizens. Mr. D. is one of the old, solid business 
men of Easton, and one of the oldest hatters in the city. 
He is public spirited and liberal, and enjoys a ho.st of 
friends gained by his genial and aimiable disposition. 
He is one of Eastou's reliable citizens and a prompt and 
energetic business man. always using his endeavors to 
please those who may favor him with their patronage. 

M. MENLINE, 

Manvfacturer and Dealer in Segars and 
Tobacco, 11 South Third Strep^t. 

Among many of the enterprising business houses in 
Easton that-juaterially aid in giving to that place a pro- 
minence is the Tobacco and Segar Manufactory of Mr. 
Menliue, located at No. 11 South Third Street, who has 
ciiitributed largely toward the development of this 
branch of business in this section of Pennsylvania. 

He has been located in Easton about nine years and 
occupies a spacious and commodious store, having a 
double front and dimensions of 20 by 35 feet, which is 
well supplied with a choice stock of selected brands 
of Chewing and Smoking Tobaccos of all popular makes^ 
together with a full line of Pipes of wood, merschaui'i 
and other kinds in great variety, in short everythii:;; 
that is required by smokers or lovers of the weed 
can here be obtained pure, fresh and of the best quality. 
In Segars a large stock is always on hand, many of them 
being of his own manufacture, and are carefully made 
up of the finest grades of Havana, Connecticut and Peun- 
sylvauia Tobaccos especially for his retail sales. These 
goods are always of even quality and never deterioraii>. 
and are highly prized for the exquisite flavor by a large 
class of the citizens, from whom a greater part of bis 
patronage is derived, although, a considerable amouin 
of business is carried on with the surrounding counliy. 

Mr. Menline is a young man, popular with bi> 
patrons, and is now conducting a leading establish- 
ment in this line of business in Easton. His annual 
trade is large and steadUy growing under the capable 
and efficent management. Eight to ten hands— aniiual 
product, 400,000 to 450,000. 

T. F. KING, 

Surgeon Dentist, 354 Northampton Street. 

T. F. King, practitioner of Dental Surgery, who for 
many years has pursued his profession in this city with 
singular success and distinction, succeeded to the busi- 
ness established by Dr. Sine about thirty years ago, and 
in 1869, Dr. King was associatedwithhim.undcrthetirm 
name of Sine & King, which remained without a change 
until 1876, when the senior partner retired. Dr. King 
since the change, has made many improvements in hig 
office facilities, and to-day possesses one of the finest 
and most convenient dental rooms in Easton. His op- 
erating room is fitted with all the modern ai)i)liances 
for making the extraction of teeth as easy an operation 
as is possible, while the facilities for filling can not be 
excelled. The manufacture of teeth, and their mount- 
ing upon any of the popular metals or compositions, has 
been a study with Dr. King, who thoroughly guarantees 
all work that eminates from his hands. His experience 
is extended, covering a period of nearly fifteen years. 

Dr. King was born in Hope, Warren County, N. J., in 
1818, and though comparatively a young man, is ripe hi 
the knowledge of his chosen profession. Those requir- 
ing the aid of a skillful surgeon in dentistry, will find 
him thoroughly conversant with the business and 
abundantly able to give satisfaction in every case. As a 
private citizen and enterprising gentleman he Ls well 
regarded. 



46 



RESOURCES OF THE LEIIIGir VALLEY. 



EAST(JX Sll KE r IRON WORKS, 

Omvkk & Co., PnoPRiETORS, Lkhigh River. 
The past ten years has witnessed many changes in the 
iron business, and the country at the present time is en- 
joying an area of prosperity in this branch of trade. 
Europe for many years enjoyed a complete monopoly 
of the Sheet Iron Manufacturing business. Russia es- 
pecially has reaped large returns from this trade, but 
in this as in many other industries, we are gradually 
gaining ground in the race for precedence. In the 
manufacture of Pig Iron we are only a few years be- 
hind Groat Britain, and the capacity of our furnaces is 
increasing rapidly year by year. In the production of 
iSteel, tliat country is on an equality, while in the man- 
n.^iicturc of sheet iron we are still somewhat in the 
back-ground, but, it is gratifying to know that this in- 
dustry lias been firmly established and is rapidly over- 
coming the lead that has been possessed by other coun- 
tries. 

Til traveling through the I>ehigh Valley from East to 
West, the first .sheet iron mill to attract the attention is 
known as the " Easton Sheet Iron Mills," Messrs. Oliver 
<& Co., proprietors. These are located upon the north 
bank of the Lehigh River, about one mile from the Del- 
aware, and were established in 1871, by Samuel Oliver 
& Son, who at that time built the works and commenc- 
ed operations. In 1875 the head of the firm died, and his 
interest was purchased by Mr. Dennis Reilly, the new 
firm taking the name of Oliver & Co., as at present 
known. The main building or sheet mill is of frame, 
G().\80 feet, with a trimming house, forty feet square. 
These buildings are fitted with the necessai-y machinery 
and furnaces, including furnishing and heating fur- 
naces, train rolls, bloom squeezers, etc., and are driven 
by a twenty-four inch Corliss engine of two hundred 
horse power, with an auxiliary engine of twelve-inch 
slide valve and thirty-five horse power. In addition 
to the buildings mentioned above, there is a large store- 
house, used as it name implies. 

The works employ forty-three hands and have a ca- 
pacity of about one thousand tons per annum. The of- 
fice is located at the works, which are directly manag- 
ed by Mr. Oliver. A siding from the L. and S. Division 
of the New Jersey Central Railroad runs into the works 
making the loading and unloading of iron and coal a 
matter of comparative ease. 

It is gratifying to know that the products of this es- 
tablishment have taken a high rank with the trade 
throughout the country. Such has been the demand 
f )r their sheet iron, which they manufacture solely, 
that notwithstanding the great financial depression, 
which visited the country a few years ago, they have 
been kept running to their full capacity. For a period 
of nine years, with the exception of the time requir- 
ed for repairs, the works have not ceased production, 
and the hands have been constantly employed and paid 
punctually and in cash. These facts are a strong testi- 
mony to the quality of the material turned out by 
Messrs. Oliver & Co., and highly creditable to their busi- 
ness management. Few concerns engaged in the Iron 
trade can point to such a record, since many our 
oldest establishments were obliged to succumb to the 
pressure of the times. 

Mr. Theodore Oliver, the head of this enterprise and 
its manager, was born in Easton in 1841, and was given 
in Ids boyhood days a thorough schooling. For several 
years he was superintendent of the American Sheet 
Iron Works, at Phillipsburg, a position he relinquished 
when his father and himself started the present mill, 
lie is a member of the Borough Council of Easton, rep- 
resenting the Fifth Ward, and a gentleman highly es- 
teemed and respected. 

Mr. Dennis Keilly is a native of Ireland, and has 
been in this country for about thirty-five years, lie is a 



member of tlie firm of Reilly, McGrann A Co., who 
built the Nortli Penu Railroad, and also the L. and S. 
Division of the New Jersey Central Railroad, from 
Easton to Mauch Chunk, and including their bridge ox- 
er the Lehigh at the former place. He is a gentlomau 
who has added much to the prosperity of the Lchigli 
Valley, and at the present day is actively engaged in 
promoting its interests. 

The firm of Oliver & Co. are rcpresonlcd in New 
York by Marshall, Lefferts & Co., 90 Beekman Street, 
to whom they ship all their sheet iron. 



ZEARFOSS & MILLIARD, 

Manufacturers op Hemlock, Oaic, Maple, Pinm: 
AMD Bass Lumber, Corner Front and Busiiku.l 
Streets. 
Among the prominent dealers in Easton devoted to 
the lumber trade, is the firm of Zearfoss & Hilliard, 
whose mill and yard are located at the corner of Front 
and Bushkill Streets, and at the point where the Busli- 
kill creek empties itself into the Delaware. The stand 
occupied by them was established in 1866, by Peter Uhler,. 
who remained the proprietor until his decease in 1877, 
when the executors continued the business till the 
Spring of 1880, and the present firm succeeded. The 
plant occupies a tract of ground 380 feet front by oUO in 
depth, upon which there is a frame saw mill of 30x'J6 
feet in dimensions, with an adjoining building, in use 
as an engine room, of 24x28 feet. The mill uses cir- 
cidar saws alone, they being driven by an engine of 
sixty horse power. The fliTa employ fifteen mill hands 
and have a capacity of twenty thousand feet of sawed 
lumber per day. It is the intention of the firm to early 
add nev/ machinery for the manufacture of Sash, Dooii, 
Blinds, etc., and in other respect fit their mill for a gen- 
eral business in this line. 

In addition they have a lumber yard stocked with a 
full variety to meet the demand of their large and 
steadily increasing trade, embracing in quantity two 
million feet. Their stock is one of the largest in the 
Valley, and they exert every endeavor to keep it up to 
one common standard of superiority, Although the 
trade is local, and are therefore brought in contact with 
other dealers, the business has rapidly grown, and they 
are recognized as occupying a commanding position in 
the trade. 
Both members of the firm are natives of Easton, 



B. F. REICH, 

Undertaker, No. 12 North Fifth Street. 

One of the oldest undertakers in Easton is Mr. B. F. 
Reich, who has for more than twenty years devoted his 
time and attention to this calling, the duties of which 
he is peculiarly fitted for, and has always been regarded 
as one of the most careful and considerate men in 
the business, supplying the wants and furnishing all 
that is necessary in performing the last sad rites to 
those whose spirit has passed away. For years this has 
been his calling and so well are his duties performed 
that his services are sought after by the friends and 
relatives of deceased persons, who can with the fullest 
confidence rely upon his care and kind attention. 

Mr. Reich is a native of Easton and is well known 
and esteemed by a large circle of friends. 

He has lately introduced and is manufacturing a 
"Handy Step Ladder," which is light and easy to han- 
dle and combines simplicity of construction wtth safety 
and durability, many of these handy and conven- 
ient ladders are in use and are highly spoken of as be- 
ing the thing needed in the household, the store and 
other places. 



RESOURCES OF THE LEIIKJII VALLEY. 



47 



A. D. COOKE. 

Manikactuker and Dealer in Furniture, Nos. 
102 AM) 104 SoiTH Third STREET. 
The extent to which many of the industries of Eastou 
attained during the past quarter of a century is owing 
not only to the natural growth and enterprise common 
to most large communities, but to the remarkably 
fortunate geographical position of this city, which 
places it immediately in line of that great traffic which 
is continually being carried on between the East and 
the West, as well as makes it the center of a system of 
railroads and canals, equaling if not surpassing in 
breadth and usefuUness, that of any other inland city 
in the .State. These advantages have been employed 
with avidity by many houses that have risen to deserved 
prominence, and among which must be classed that of 
Mr. A. D. Cooke; who now occupies the leading position 
in the manufacturing and business interests of this com- 
munity, in his line. 

Wherever Eastou is known, the furniture manuftic- 
tory of Mr. A. D. Cooke has equal prominence. The 
location of this well-known establishment is probably 
the oldest in town, bein^ occupied prior to 1800 by John 
Titus, father of L. Titus. Late, the business was carried 
on by David Gosner, father of A. and D. Gosner, who 
in 1848 erected the main factory just in the rear of the 
store. In 18.31 it became the property of David Garis, 
and, after his decease, was purchased by E. B. Hopkins, 
who disposed of it to the present owner, Mr. A. D. Cooke, 
in 1877. 

He is the largest manufacturer of furniture in the 
valley, and occupies very extended premises at Nos. 102 
and lot South Third street, the factory being located in 
rear of the warerooms. The factory has a width of 130 
feet, with a depth of 150 feet, height of 60 feet, and em- 
ploying about one hundred and thirty men. The ma- 
chinery is all operated by steam, an engine of forty 
horse power being in use, and is fitted for the manu- 
facture of all kinds of furniture, needed to stock a well 
assorted store or to furnish an elegant residence. In 
addition to the factory, Mr. Cooke has a saw mill up 
the Delaware, a wholesale house in Philadelphia, and 
a branch retail store in Bethlehem. Of the articles 
kept in the warerooms, all but eaue-seated chairs and 
a few patented articles, are made in the factory. In 
addition to the retail, a large wholesale business is done 
in Wilmington, Reading, Philadelphia, New YorkElmiia 
Newark, and many other points. .Some idea of the mag- 
nitude of the works can be obtained by the fact of 
their occupying fifty thoasand feet of floor space and 
six stories in height. 

The warerooms on Third street present a most attrac- 
tive display of elegant and tasteful furniture of recent 
designs and first-class workmanship and comprises the 
most comprehensive stock in the Valley, consisting of 
handsome Parlor, Reception and Chamber Suits, in 
walnut and other popular woods, which are shown in 
every conceivable -style and variety in Queen Anne, 
Eastlake, Jacobis and other unique and fashionable 
designs, upliolstered in the highest style of the art, in 
velvet, plush, satin, damask, etc., besides wliich a full 
and complete line of general household furniture and 
Carpets, the latter of exten.sive and fine variety. The 
establishment of Mr. Cooke is well worth a visit and 
his stock a thorough inspection. 

Mr. Cooke was born in Franklin, Mass., in 1810, and 
has been actively engaged in the manufacture of fur- 
niture for many years. His career has been eminently 
a prosperous and useful one, promoting to a large ex- 
tent the industrial llirift of the community. Person- 
ally, he is a gentleman not only well and popular- 
ly known throughout the Valley, but enjoys to a very 
liberal extent the esteem and respect of all. 



E. I. nUNT, 

Hardware and Cutlery, 115 and 117 Northamp-' 
TON Street. 

The many industries located in Easton and surround- 
ing country, have made the Hardware trade a very im- 
portant one, a leading house being that of Mr. E. I. 
Hunt, who established the stand at Nos. 115 and 117 
Northampton street in 1808. His business, however, was 
started three years previous, immediately after the close 
of the war. removing to tlie above location in the year 
given, to better accommodate the growing trade. His 
establishment presents a busy scene of activity, the 
salesroom being one of the largest in the city, and im- 
provements just completed makes it one of the most 
attractive and convenient. Besides the salesroom, ia 
which is carried only small stock and valuable goods 
with samples of heavy goods and tools, Mr. Hunt has a. 
fine storehouse opposite, five .stories high, entirely fire 
proof, in which the bulk of his -stock is carried, and 
from here the orders for country trade are shipped. Mr. 
Hunt makes a specialty of agriciiltural implements, 
and has this year added to his stock a line of D. M. Os- 
borne & Co.'s popular Mowers and Reapei-s. The Oliver 
Chilled plow is handled by him exclusively in Easton, 
and is conceded to rank among the best plows made. 

His display of shelf goods and small wares, tools, etc., 
is an unusually fine one, and fully up to the best stand- 
ard. A full line of Bar Iron, Iron Axles, Steel Springs.. 
Blacksmith Supplies, wood work for light carriages 
and heavy wagons, forms a specialty of his business. 

Agricultural tools of all kinds are carried, making: 
this house a most desirable one for the farmers of the 
surrounding country to forni business relations with. 

Mr. Hunt was born in the county of Warren, New 
Jersey, and for a number of years w"as in business in 
Hunterdon County, that State. In 1863 lie went west 
and formed business connections in a thriving town 
in Illinois, but after two years returned East, and es- 
tablished the present business, which he has conducted 
in a most successful manner. 



CORNELL & MICHLER, 

Fine Groceries, 2? South Third Street. 

This house was established by the present firm in 1863 
at the corner of Third and Perry Streets, but was remov- 
ed to present quarters in 1873, where they enjoy facili- 
ties possessed by no other house in the city for the pro- 
secution of this particular line of trade. They occupy 
the fine four-story building at 23 South Third Street, 
20x80 feet in dimensions, including the basements, used 
for storage purposes, and employ six assistants. Here 
at all times may be found a full and varied line of the 
finest goods offered in any market, which are sold at 
prices that defy the competition of rival houses. Can- 
ned Goods, Smoked Meats, Condiments, Cheese, Sugar, 
Teas, Cottee and a line of imjwrted fine goods is con- 
stantly carried, and the patronage is derived from the 
best classof citizens of the city and surrounding country. 
Both members of the finn are thoroughly in earnest in 
their work, lending it their personal and undivided 
attention, and have contributed in no small degree to 
the reputation of Easton as the home of enterprise and 
thrift. 

Mr. N. P. Cornell is a native of the State of New York, 
but came to Eastou a number of years ago, and 
brought with him the natural tendenccs to enterprise 
so characteristic of the sons of the Empire State. 

Mr. A. K. Michler is a native of Easton, has always 
been indeutified with its people, and no man in the 
trade is better acquainted with their wants and tastes. 
As gentlemen, they are well and favorably regarded l>y 
a large acquaintance and patronage, and their enter- 
prise is a credit alike to themselves and the community 
of Easton. 



48 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



BUSH & BULL, 

Dry Goods and Notions, No. 309 Northampton 
Street. 
In reviewing those well known and enterprising 
firms, wlio have become prominent in their special line 
of trade, the firm of Bush & Bull, of No. 309 Northamp- 
ton Street, Easton, attract attention as carrying the 
heaviest stoclc and conducting the largest Dry Goods 
business in the Northeastern part of the State, with a 
branch house at No. 46 S. Main Street, Bethlehem, and 
controlling the most extensive retail trade in this sec- 
tion. The rise and progress of the firm dates from the 
year 1S6!I, wlien the foundation of its prosperity was 
laid. In 1871 Messrs. Bush A Bull became the proprie- 
tors, since which time many changes have been made | 
in the methods of transacting business, and the trade j 
largely increased. An immense stoclc of dry goods of 
both foreign and domestic manufacture and a full line 
of that class of goods termed notions, is always carried, 
a specialty being made of silks, in which as regards 
extent and variety of assortment is not equalled by 
any other house in this section. The business house of I 
the firm is a large structure, two stories in height, hav- 
ing a depth of 100 feet and a frontage of 26 feet, divided 
into several departments, each of -^vhich is under the 
management of a competent chief, and twenty-two 
assistants are employed. The interior arrangements 
are .such as to afTord every facility for customers to 
make examination of the stock and to assist them in 
making purchases. 

About the premises a general and thorough 
system is at once apparent, giving evidence of business 
ability and a perfect fiuniliarity with the wants of a 
large and appreciative patronage. Everything that is 
new and stylish in the New York market is always ob- 
tainable here, as the facilities of the firm are such as to 
secure all novelties in either foreign or domestic fa- 
brics directly as introduced. 

Messrs. Bu.sh & Bull, the members of the firm, are na- 
tives of the State of New York, and are thoroughly fa- 
miliar with every detail of the trade. They are young, 
active and enterprising business men, straightforward 
as merchants, and liberal and respected as citizens. 
Upon Mr. Bu.sh devolves the duties of keeping the stock 
full and up to the stjiudard, and securing the novelties 
orid fashionable goods, a position for which he is emi- 
jieutly litted. possessing as he does discernment, sound 
judgment and rare good taste, and as an evidence that 
lie attends to this department with care and fidelity 
the counters and shelves of the store amply testify. 

The general management of the store is under the 
immediate supervision of Mr. Bull, evidences of whose 
business training and ability pervade the whole estab- 
lishment. 

The branch house at Bethlehem is in charge of Mr. 
Diehl, who is a member of the firm at that place, which 
has, under his management, largely increased its trade 
and extended the field of operations. The firm also op- 
erate a branch establishment at Bridgeport, Conn., and 
Watertown, N. Y., where they enjoy the distinction of 
having the largest and best arranged store in the city. 



Besides his business as a sign painter, he makes a spe- 
cialty of taking contracts for putting up signs on lines o f 
all the railroads and frequented turnpikes throughout 
the United States and Canada, and is the originator and 
inventor of a process for printing on boai-ds in oil colors. 
This is the only process of the kind ever introduced 
whereby board signs can be made cheaply of durable 
colors, that will stand through all seasons of heat and 
cold. They are not made by the use of a stencil, but 
are printed in oil colors on a printing pres.s, and are 
certainly an achievement in the arts. These signs are 
gotten up in the most attractive and original styles, 
which cannot fail to strike the eye and be impressed 
upon the mind, thereby making the advertising sign 
the most effectual, while at the same time the cheapest 
and most durable. 

Mr. Heller makes a tour every year, generally setting 
out in April, putting up signs and lettering the rocks 
and fences at every point where the eye of the traveler 
by rail or on the roads cannot fail to see them. He 
is a young and enterprising man, and a thorough artist in 
his business. He is fully posted in the art of advertis- 
ing and has engagements with the heavy advertisers in 
the large cities and is highly endorsed by them as be- 
ing reliable and filling all his obligations in a satisfac- 
tory manner. 



W. J. HELLER, 

Artistic Sign Painter and Contracting Adver- 
TisEii, No. :>.!2 Northampton Street. 
As an artist in his profession there are few that sur- 
pass Mr. W. J. Holler,- sign writer and general advertis- 
ing sign painter of Easton. He has been engaged in 
this business for years, and many specimens of his 
handiwork may be seen in East(m and other cities and 
towns throughout the Valley. In all his work may be 
noticed an originality and novelty which pleases the 
public taste, and does not fail to catch the public eye. 



EDWIN S. GLANZ, 

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Wines and 

Liquors, 158 Northampton Street. 
Although this house was established but ten years 
ago, it has from that time been doing a prosperous bus- 
iness and now takes rank among the leading reliable 
houses of Easton. Its founder, Mr. J. H. Wilkiug, con- 
tinued the business until March, 18S1, when he retired 
and was succeeded by the present proprietor, Mr. Edwin 
S. Glanz, who is making every effort to maintain the 
reputation of the establishment. He makes a specialty 
of fine Liquors, keeping in stock the well-known makes 
and brands of J. W. Gibson, Son & Co., A. Guckenheim- 
er&Bro., J. A. Dougherty, "Lynchburg," "Queen City," J. 
A. Bowen's and "Old Kentucky," each of them of unriv- 
alled purity, and possessing a name for excellence and 
quality. A large assortment of foreign and domestic 
Wines of the prominent manufacturers of Europe and 
America are ready for the wants of his customers, and 
as he is largely engaged in the wholesale trade, he pos- 
sesses superior facilities for securing the choicest brands 
the market affords. Families desirous of Liquors for 
Medicinal uses will find Mr. Glanz's stock well adapted 
to meet their requirements and as he will not misrep- 
resent to effect sales, can be relied upon to furnish the 
purest of his stock. 

Mr. Glanz is a native of Easton and thoroughly active 
in the prosecution of his business. His salesroom and 
office are located at No. 158 Northampton Street. 



H. M. NORTON, 

Hardware, Stoves and HofJsE I''i"ii.sisiiiN>. 

Goods, 200 Northampton Street. 
The business hou.se of Mr. H. M. Norton is om- uf the 
best known in this section of Pennsylvania a. id parts 
of New Jersey, by reasons of his carrying full stock of 
goods in his line, and the prompt attention g^ven to its 
patrons. In his stock of hardware will be found every- 
thing coming under that head, such as tools and the 
general list of that class of goods termed shelf goods 
and cutlery of the best productions of both European 
and Home manufacture. He also deals largely in 
Lamps, Chandeliers, Gas Fixtures, Brackets, and has an 
elegant assortment in all the new and novel designs. 
In housekeeping articles he has everything in Tin, Ja- 
panned, Wood and Iron Ware, also Ice Cream Freezers, 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY, 



C'hurus, Water Coolers, &c., and represents some of the 
loading stove manufacturers, a display of whose goods 
in parlor and cooking stoves and ranges In all styles 
and latest improvements, can always be seen in his 
large and spacious store, which has a depth of HO feet 
-with a front of 22 feet, well lighted by plate glass show 
windows. 

Mr. Norton is from New York, but has since 1857 been 
in business in this section of the country, first in Phil- 
lipst>urg, N. J., removing to Easton in JS65. Ten 
hands are employed in the store and a large annual 
"trade transacted. 

He is thorouglily posted in every detail of the busi- 
ness, having been brought up to it since a lad twelve 
years of age, and being fully conversant with the wants 
of the trade always keeps a full supply of goods requir- 
ed in his line of business. As a citizen he is popular, 
and as a merchant highly respected for his honorable 
and liberal manner of conducting basiucss. 

GEORGE FINLEY, 

St.vtioner and News Agent, 9 South Tiiihd 
Strei;t. 

The book and stationery trade of the country has 
grown very extensively, the town of Easton having 
several establishments devoted to this particular branch 
of trade, prominent among them being that of Mr. 
George Fiuley, at No. 9 South Third Street. This gen- 
tleman has in stock an extensive assortment of Blank 
Books. School Books, Photograph and Autograph Al- 
bums, Miscellaneous Books, Stationery, etc., comprising 
all the latest publications of Books and newest novel- 
ties in other goods. Purchasers desirous of these spe- 
cialties will find that he has a variety equalling any 
other house in the city, and if what is desired is not in 
stock will at short notice secure the article for them. 

An important part of Mr. Flnley's business is the sale 
of the daily and weekly newspapers and magazines of 
the country, he being the only Agent in town for the 
leading papers of New York and Philadelphia, receiv- 
ing their dalles at the earliest possible moment. He 
has also a circulating library containing many popular 
work.«. 

Mr. Finley is a native of Easton, and entered the pres- 
ent business in 1868, the stand having been established 
about thirty years ago. In the store and for the distri- 
bution of the papers, he employs six hands, all of whom 
are under his personal supervision. Mr. Finley is well 
and favorably known throughout Easton and surround- 
ing country. 

n. P. B. ODENWELDER, 

Groceries, Tin and Hardware, Corner op 
Seventh and Northampton Streets. 

This enterprising young man began business on his 
own account in 1S78 and has been successful in draw- 
lug towards him a substantial trade, which he has 
earned by close attention to the wants of his patrons. 
The general line of stock comprises groceries, tinware 
and liardware, and in the former class he has a 
full assortment of new and fresh goods selected with 
care especially for his trade. In tinware will be found 
;i great variety of these articles. TIk; line of hardware 
Im also full, coiupiisiug all articles known to the trade 
in shelf goods, and IjuiUlur.^' hardware. The store has 
a dei>th of 4') feet, and there are in front two largeshow 
windows well adapted for disnlay. Several assistants 
are employed and un active trade curried on. 

Mr. Odeuwelder is a native of Easton, born in 1851, 
and has always bi'cn engaged in active business and is 
one of the enlerpri-iui; yunug merchants in the west 
ward, and owing his success to his own efibrts. 



SAMLEL H. EUHHAKT, 

Manifacturei: of Paper and Muslin Sacks, 
BusHKiLL Street. 

Prominent among the new industries located along 
the Bush kill, is that of Samuel H. Ehrhart, manufacturer 
of Paper Bags and Muslin Sacks, which was established 
here in 1879. The building occupied is a two-storj' frame 
structure, 40x60 feet with an addition of 20x60 feet and 
in every respect adapted to the requirement of the rap- 
idly growing trade. The engine is of ten-horse power 
and the establishment in all departments gives employ- 
ment to fifteen hands. The rlemand for paper bags and 
flour sacks has made wonderful growth within the 
past few years, and their manufacture in different por- 
tions of tlie country has become a great industry, in- 
stead of using barrels for shipment of flour, these bags 
and sacks are very generally being substituted, the 
convenience in handling and economy of first cost 
making them in every respect more desirable. Mr. Ehr- 
hart is the only manufacturer of these goods in the Lehigh 
Valley, east of Allentown, and has secured for himself 
in the short while established a reputation for excel- 
lent make of bags. The flour sack is the universal 
favorite for the convenient packing of flour, and have 
attained a large sale throughout the country. They are 
made in three sizes, twelve-and-a-half pounds, twenty- 
four-and-a-half pounds and forty-nine pounds, and of 
four qualities of paper, the capacity of the works be- 
ing about 10,000 per day. Mr. Ehvhart's facilities enable 
him to fill large orders, printed in one or two colors, in 
an incredibly short time, and with each order guaran- 
teeing the utmost satisfaction. He keeps constantly on 
hand a supply of sacks for general u.se. In addition he 
supplies a large trade with printed manilla wrapping 
paper for uses in dry goods, boot and shoe, clothing 
and other establishments, as well as fancy bags for 
millinery uses. 

Mr. Ehrhart is a native of Easton, and a young gentle- 
man of energetic and industrious habits, pleasing man- 
ners, sterling integrity and correct business principles, 
and is well calculated to conduct this or any other bus- 
iness in which he may engage. 



J. S. BUTZ & BRO., 

Planing and Saw Mill and Dealers in Lumber, 

ON the Bushkill Creek. 
The lumber business now carried on by Messrs. J. S. 
Butz & Brother was established by an uncle prior to 
1820, and with a single exception is the oldest business 
now located on the Bushkill Creek. The father of the 
present firm succeeded some years later and remained 
at the head until 1SC8, when the firm as now known be- 
came the proprietors. The business includes the lum- 
ber yard with planing and saw mills, each separate 
buildings. The planing mill is a capacious three-story 
stone structure, 33x95 feet, and is thoroughly equipped 
with all the necessarj- machinery and appliances for 
the production of prompt and perfect work, for which 
it has long been celebrated; tlie motive power is sup- 
plied by a forty horse power Turbine wheel. From 
ten to twelve skilled hands are constantly employed in 
the various departments, and the work produced here, 
which includes Sash, Doors, Blinds, Brackets, Jlould- 
ings, etc., is equal to any establishment in the Valley. 
The finishing of Pardee's Hall, Lafayette College, well 
attests the quality of the work done by the firm. 

The firm of J. S. Butz <fc Brother are natives of Easton, 
and it has been under their special guidance that the 
business has assumed its present importance. They 
fully deserve the success they have won, and enjoy an 
enviable reputation for promptness and reliability and 
are greatly esteemed for their excellent personal 
qualities. 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH YAT.LEY. 



EASTON LOCK WORKS, 

Charles R. C. Sharkey, General Manager, 
Green Street, North of Bushkill Street. 
Amoug the many industries tiiat are liere located 
that exercise uo small influence in promoting the pros- 
perity of Easton, is that known as the Easton Lock 
Works, whose buildings are situated on Green Street, 
North of Bushkill. The company have here ample 
buildings for their enterpri.se, consisting of a three 
story brick-front building, with two-story brick build- 
ing in rear, in area sixty feet by one hundred and 
twenty, and divided into the several departments for 
lock manutiicture. A force of thirty-six workmen are 
employed, wiiile a twenty horse engine is used to oper- 
ate the machinery, much of which is original, having 
been devised by the manager to meet his owu special 
wants. 

Our space forbids us to enter into details with regard 
to these locks, suffice to say that they are the most com- 
plete for the purpose intended now in the market. 
One of their specialties is the Horizontal Rim-Cylinder 
Night Latch, (Sliarkey's Patent), and is adjustable for 
ri^bt or left hand doors of any thickness. They have 
a J'alent Stop and Drawback Knob, simple in construc- 
tion, the drawback and catch being operated by one 
motion and presenting an appearance equal to any 
locks made. They also make morticed and rimmed 
locks of every description. This industry was estab- 
lished in 187(3, but owing to the depression of the iron 
interests the business suffered in common with others, 
and with the resumption of all branches of trade the 
business assumed new life, and has now become fully 
established iu every essential of success. During the 
year they bnvc made many additions and improve- 
ments in iheir focilitics and at the present time man- 
ufacture QUO Imudred and twenty-five dozen per day. 

Tl;e comp.viy oianuracture several other articles, 
among them tiro: Porcelain, Mineral and Jet Door 
Knobs of Viirioi^s styles, with Japanned, Porcelain, 
Bronze and Plated Mouldings, Knob liatches. Reversi- 
ble Front Door Locks, Door Keys of Bronzed Iron, 
Rimmed and Brass, Blank Keys of German Lead, 
Brass, Nickle, Steel, and Rimmed Mailable Iron. They 
also manufacture the Patent Upright Rim-Cylinder 
Store Door Dead Locks, iu great variety. In addition 
the company control an Iron Fovmdry in Phillipsburg 
which is engaged in manufacturing the iron used by 
them at the lock factory, where they employ seven 
men. The building is 60x80 feet with two cupolas, and 
furnished with the essential requirements for the pro- 
duction of iron used in the manufacture of the locks. 

The control of this industry is in the hands of Mr. 
Chas. R. C. Sharkly, a native of New York City, as 
general manager, to whom the works are indebted for 
many of the patents of the articles that are by them 
manufactiu'cd. 

Mr. B. R. Swift, of Easton, is the treasurer, a gentle- 
man prominently known. 

Tlie extent of manufacture and quality of goods pro- 
duced by the Easton Lock Works are such that it en- 
titles tiiem to the distinction of being one of the niost 
prominent industries located in the Lehigh Valley, 

KIEGEL & TINSMAN, 

Dry Goods, Notions, &c., No. 206 Northampton 
Strekt. 

One of the leading Dry (Joods houses iu Easton is 
that of Messrs. Riegel & Tinsman, whose spacious store 
Is located at No. 206 Northampton Street. 

The business was originally established iu 1850 by 
Micke & Riegel, and was successfully carried on by 
them until 1S(H, at which time Mr. Riegel withdrew 
from the firm and engaged in the business on his own 
account until 1869, when Mr. D. A. Tinsman became 



a member of the firm and the present style and fiitir 
name adopted. The store presents an attractive ap- 
pearance, having a dt)uVjle front and dimensions of 263^ 
xl25 feet, neatly arranged and well appointed for the 
display of goods and convenience of patrons. A heavy 
stock of dry goods, silks and dress goods is always to be 
found upon the shelves and cotuiters, also full lines of 
those articles termed notions; in cloths and cloakings 
a .specialty is made by the firm, who carry a choice line 
of these goods, comprising Cassimeres, Diagonals, Chev- 
iots for men's wear and neat and elegant soft woolen 
fabrics in all styles and colors and designs for ladies 
cloaks, dolmans, sacques, &c.: an important feature of 
the business is the cutting, fitting and making of men's 
clothing and ladies' cloaks from measures to order. 
This department is in charge of thoroughly competent 
and skilled assistants. A large annual business is con- 
ducted by the house, the patronage being derived from 
Easton and vicinity, and from New Jer.sey. 

The members of the firm, Messrs. B. F. Riegel and D. A» 
Tinsman are both reliable and enterprising business men, 
Mr. Riegel is a native of Bucks County, where he 
was born in 1825, coming to Easton in 1850, at which 
time lie assisted as a member of the firm iu establish- 
ing the present house. He has always taken an active 
interest in all affairs that were conducive to the general 
welfare, and was a member of the School Board of 
the Borough for six years, and president of the body 
one term ; was also president of the Phillipsburg Stove 
Works, a large and important industry, for eight years 
and is at present a director of that Company. He is- 
also a director of the First National Bank of Easton. 

Mr. D. A. Tinsman is from Hunterdon County, N. J., 
and has been a resident of Easton for about eighteen 
years. He is a straight-forward business man, enter- 
prising and well and favorably known in the commu- 
nity. 



CARPENTER & BENNETT, 

Dry Goods and Notions, 229 Northampton 
Street. 
When we remember how many merchants have risen 
to prominence by strict honesty, square dealing and 
legitimate exercise of advantages they may possess, how 
inexcusable are what are known as the "tricks of trade," 
to which so many resort. Amoug the former must be 
classed Carpenter & Bennett, whose day goods house is 
at No. 229 Northampton Street, where it was establislied 
in 18C9 by Carpenter & Hixon, who retained the pro- 
prietorship until 1873, when they were succeeded by Mr. 
Allen Carpenter, who continued the business alone 
until 1877, at which time Mr. Bennett was ad- 
mitted and the firm became as at present. They occupy 
a desirable store, 20x65 feet in dimensions, and give 
employment to five assistants. The tastes and aljility 
of the firm is evidenced by a very superior stock of Dry 
Goods, including a fine line of Silks, Dress Goods, Mus- 
lins, etc., as well as a variety of Notions of the lietter 
class. The firm give particular attention to Black 
Goods, being the leaders in these fabrics, and in the 
winter season make a specialty of Cloaks and Dolmans- 
It is safe to assert that no estaljlishment in Kastdu 
possesses a finer grade of goods tlian is (iisi)laycd at 
this house or exercise a greater care in the selection of 
their stock. 

Mr. Allen Carpenter, the senior of the firm, was born 
in the adjoining State of New Jersey, and for many 
years was engaged in business in the city of Trenton. 
His partner, Mr. John 11. Bennett, is a native of Bucks 
County and possesses in every respect first class business 
facilities. Tlie iirm of Carpenterit Bennett are naturally 
and justly well regarded by the trade and the commu- 
nity at large. 



irE.'^oi'Krr:?? of the LKirioir valley. 



51 



THE TEMI-KRANCI" MrTl'AL HKNKFIT ASSOCIA- 
TION. 
Office No. •'>7 Ckntf.r Squark. 

The Miidml iiliin of Life InsiiriincL' i.seoiuluotcd solely 
in the intt-ifsts of the members, who in tlieir collec- 
tive caiiiuily >;ive the liest pos^iible gnunintee of full 
and prompt payment of lo.s.ses. Noaecumulatiou of as- 
sets to any amount i.s made, but when a death occurs 
A pro rata assestment i.s made on all the surviving mcni- 
l)ors and tliis fund is used in paying losses, thus the as- 
sets of the society are always iu the pockets of the 
meiTibers and not stibject to loss or embezzlement. The 
advantages of Life Insurance are admitted by all, the 
■question of security, cheapness, and easy manner of 
paying the necessary cost are the only points cousider- 
-ed, and the mutual plan, wisely managed and honestly 
■conducted, seems to coml)iiie in the greatest degree all 
these requirements. Tlie Temperance Mutual Benefit 
Association was organized on this plan, and offers 
■every inducement wliicli can be pre.scnted by any of 
its competitors, and many which none of them possess. 
First, the featuresof total abstinence, which experience 
proves to be an imiwrtant factor in computing the ex- 
pectancy of life, a.scertained to be 30 per cent, greater 
than among those of intemperate habits; second, the 
graded mortuary assestnient, which was originated by 
Mr. Tyler, General Agent of this Society, and which 
they were the first to adoi>t : tliird, exemption from the 
burden.s, expen.ses and other obligations of secret soci- 
ities. 

This Society enjoys the distinction of having been 
mentioned by the Philadelphia Pirsx in its issue of 
May 2, 1881, as one of the six organizations in Pennsyl- 
vania which were free from the curse of "Specula- 
tive" Insurance, which has become such a crying evil 
in this State, and it is largely owing to this fact that 
the association has iu such a nuuked degree won and 
maintained the confidence of the public. Tliis associ- 
ation does not confine its benefits to total oVjstainers alone, 
but extends to all insurable clas.ses the superior si^van- 
tages and rates, but iu a separate and distinct class, and 
during the short time that this offer has been open a 
large number have became members and this class is 
constantly increasing. 

The association was chartered in May, 1870, and un- 
til 1879 had its office at Great Bend Village, Pa., when 
it removed to its present location in Easton, and is now 
in a florishing and thriving condition. When it was 
organized, its mode of operations being at that time 
radically different from any other organization, ob.sti- 
<;les were expected to be encountered, but with faith 
in the principles of Mutual Insurance and of the spe- 
•cial advantage to total obstainers in conbining togellier 
for the purpose of obtaining a lower death rate, and 
consequently cheaper insurance, the managers have 
gone steadily forward with indomitable energy and 
have succeeded iu making for their society a name 
and place of which they are justly proud, and have of- 
fered to all who desire to make a certain provision for 
their future, a cheap, sound, safe and reliable policy 
of insurance at tlie lowest po.ssi))le cost and in a com- 
pany which acknowledges no superior. 

Its officers and directors are gentlemen of high char- 
acter and standing in the community, and its affairs 
have always been conducted on sound i>riuciples of 
■equity and justice. Erom its organization it has stood 
•entirely upon its honest management, its cheapness 
and fairness as comi)a:ed with the old line companies, 
and tliis has so reconimeniled it to tlie i>eii])le that it 
has extended its operations into several States and the 
Dominion of Canada. 

The officers of the Society are, lion. S. IJ. Chase, Pres- 
ident; J. H. Orue, Vice President; N. D. 13. Chase, Secre- 



tary; Easton National B»\nk. Depo.^ltoi-y; Traill Green 
M. !>., Medical Examiner. 

Directors.— Hon. S. li. chase. <;reat iJend Village, 
Pa.; Hon. tJeo. Coray. Pittston. Pa.; L.A.Tyler, Ea.st^m, 
Pa.; Wm. Emery, Phrenixville, Pa.; I). B. Manger, 
Douglassville, Pa.; L. .\. Tyler, (General Agent. 

The President of the Society, Hon. S. B. Cha,se, is a na- 
tive of (Jrcat Ben<l Village. Pa., and has been for many 
years engaged in the banking business at New Milford. 
He served as a meml)er of the State Legislature for 
fotir terms, where his course was conservative, 
honoratile and always iu the interests of his constitu- 
ents, by whom he is regarded as a man of i>robity and 
considerable eminence. 

Mr. X. I). B. Chase, the Secretary, and upon whom the 
general office management of the Association devolves, 
is a native T)f Montrose, Pa., and removed to JCaston 
when the office of the society was located here. He is 
a courteous, efficient and gentlemanly official. 

The General Agent, Mr. L. A. Tyler, is a gentleinan of 
many years experience and one who has made the sub- 
ject of insurance a close study. He is recognized as a 
thorough business man and is universally esteemed for 
his many business and social qualities. 

The members of the Temperance Mutual Benefit As- 
sociation are sure of meeting fair and liberal treatment 
and the public generally are invited to give the plan 
and advantages offered by the society a careful inves- 
tigation. 




WILSON BROTHERS, 

Bone and Shell Grinding 
Mills, 44 Delaware Street. 

\ practical raiser of poultry under- 
stands tlie ;i(lviintages of a cheap 
hand inarhine wliich will pulverize Ijoiies for his 
chicken feed. And tliL' successful gardener is well aware 
of the advantage of dressing his onions, lettuce and 
other vegetables which require a rapid growth with 
fine pulverized bone du.st. 

Becoming tired of the old way of breaking them in a 
morter, Mr. Frank Wilson set his ingenuity to work, 
and the result was the complete little machine, a small 
cut of which is at the head of this article. The ma- 
chine is a marvel of strength, being able to grind the 
hardest dry bones nnburned, thus giving the chickens 
the bone without having its most important parts de- 
stroyed by burning. It can easily be turned with one 
hand and grinds the bones to just the right degree of 
firmness. At tlic Pennsylvania State Fair hehl at I'hil- 
adelphia, September. 18.80, and at the Farmers' and Me- 
chanics' Institute held at Easton the same month, this 
Mill received Diplomas as the only hand Bone Mill that 
met the reciuirements. 

The Mills are in use iu almost every state of the 
Union, and from persons of the highest standing in the 
poultry business the firm have the most fiattering testi- 
monials. 

The value of bone dust is not sufficiently appreciated. 
One of these small mills should be in every poultry 
yard. Even the farmer would find it paid him well to 
have one, not only to grind up the old bones for his 
chickens, but to use w ith a liberal hand on his garden. 

The firm are i>re))aring to make a mui'li larger iiiill 
of the same style, and for tlie same i>urpose. and strong 
enough to grind green bones. 

They also manufacture a small Horizontal Engine 
which combines many points of simplicity and si)ecial 
advantages. The individual membei-s of the firm are 
.John L., Frank and James E. Wilson, all of whom are 
natives of Easton, and thorough practical mcchauics. 



62 



RESOURCES OF THE LETTIGTI VALLEY. 



YOUNG & SCHLOUGH, 

Eagle Foundry and Machine Shop 212, 22-1, 226, 
228 Ferey Street. 

Among those institutions which contribute largely to 
the city's substantial prosperity and act the part of im- 
portant factors in its progress, we may safely class the 
works of Young & Schlough, Founders and Machinists, 
located in the heart of the manufacturing section of 
the city, and possessing ample room and superior labor 
saving appliances they are in a position to compete 
with any rival establishment of a similar nature in the 
country. 

The busiue.ss at these works was began originally in 
1S38 by the firm of Biltz & Hay den, and did not come 
into the possession of the present ownere until the 
year ISot). Both the gentlemen being men of 
business discernment and practical knowledge, the 
success of their enterprise seemed assured from the 
beginning, and now after a career of twenty-two years, 
much of which time was during seasons of unparalell- 
cd business depression and war, the Eagle Foundry and 
Machine Shops present a solid front to the business 
world and are prepared, as they have always been, to 
fulfil any contract the trade offers. Much of their suc- 
cess has been due to the fine chavacter of work they 
have produced and the prompt manner in which they 
fill orders. Ca.stings of new Machinery, Furnaces, Build- 
ings, Ornamental Railing.s, &c., are here made a spe- 
cialtyof, and the readercau gain some of their resources 
in this class of work, when we note the fact that in 
their pattern room among many others they have four 
hundred and twenty-six different patterns of spur 
wheels, one hundred and fifty-five pairs for beveled 
wheels, one hundred twenty segments of spur wheels of 
different pitch and face, twenty-four pairs of beveled 
car wheels, thirty-two pairs spur wheels, one hundred 
pulley patterns of all sizes, besides a great variety of 
others, too numerous for classification. Their works 
consist of a Machine Shop, Foundry and Smith Shop, 
built substantially of brick and of the following di- 
mensions: Machine Shop, iOx60 feet, three stories high, 
the second story of which is devoted to pattern mak- 
ing; the Black.smith Shop is 20x40 feet in dimension-:, 
two stories in height, the second story being used as a 
drafting room, while the third story of the Maiihine 
Shop is used for the storage of the vast number of pat- 
terns which years of work and hundreds of varied 
styles have accumulated. To the rear is the Foundry, 
40x60 feet, where the castings are made. 

Every conceivable appliance for expediting work is 
here found. Like all establishments of this order 
they must be visited to be properly appreciated as it is 
imposible to classify the great variety of work here turned 
out. Our mission is to accord the works the space they 
deserve on the page of progress in the industrial arts, 
and it is sulfice to say that among their products will 
be found contractors' tools, horizontal and vertical 
horse powers, derricks and machinery of every descrip- 
tion, with every variety of ornamental work. 

Both members of the firm are life-long residents of 
Easton. Mr. H. J. Young being born in the year 1816 
and Mr. J. C. Schlough in the year 1813. The valley 
and this community owes to them their share of the 
considerations due for their contribution to its indus- 
tries. Both are well known and esteemed citizens and 
enjoy the respect of the entire community. They are 
sincere and active in the discharge of all public du- 
ties, they are ever mindful of their city's welfare and 
foster all measures to that end. Mr. Young is a mem- 
ber of council from the Fourth ward. 

Mr. Schlough has been in the foundry business since 
1837, and is the mechanical head of the firm, while Mr, 
Young devotes his time to the financial. 



A. R. DUNN, 

Wiioi.KSAi.E Dealer in Tobaccos, 37 and "0 
• North Koi'iitu Stkee-i'. 

As a bvancli of industry peculiarly successful in Eas- 
ton and forming an important factor in the commer- 
cial importanco of the city, the Tobacco trade, and 
those engaged therein as manufactnrois or dealers arc 
entitled to eonsideraiiou in the compilation of the 
mercantile and industrial resources of the city. The 
well-known Tobacco house of Mr. A. R. Dunn attracts 
attention from its general standing in the community. 

This enterprise was established in 1877 by the firm of 
Hess & Dunn, who together built up the wholesale bu.s- 
iness. In January, 1880, Mr. He-ss retired from the firm, 
when INIr. Dunn assvnned the proprietorship, wliich he 
has continued in a very successful manner ever since. 

He devotes his time to the wholesale trade exclusiveUv 
keeping in stock a very large assortment of foreign and 
domestic Cigars, and a general line of all the leading 
brands of Tobaccos. Among his specialties, and of 
which he is the sole agent in this city, will be found, 
the goods manufactued by Robert Hamilton, Frank 
Adams, Liggett and Myers' Star Tobaccos, as well as 
the Tobaccos of Lorillard, and other well-known man- 
ufacturers. Mr. Dunn's trade is very large, extending 
throughout Central New Jersey and Northern Rennsyl- 
vania, he being represented on the road by two efficient 
and experienced salesmen, who are gradually extend- 
ing the trade of the house. 

The establishment is located at Nos. 37 and 39 North 
Fourth Street, where Mr. Dunn occupies a double front 
store, three stories in height, with a cellar of 30x80 feet.. 

The entire building is in use for the wholesale busi- 
ness, and as the stock ciirried is large no room is left, 
unoccupied. In the various departments there are en- 
gaged five hands, while to the entire business Mr. Dunn, 
gives his personal attention. 

Mr. Dunn, who has so successively conducted this 
enterprise, was born in Salem, N. J., in 18.)0, and came- 
to Easton in 1871 to accept the position of book-keeper 
in the wliolesale hardware house of Mr. ''I'hoiuas T. 
Miller, with whom he remained until 1877, Mlien he 
inau;;urated the present business. His is the only 
wholesale Tobacco house in North Eastern Peunsyhaniu- 
and is rapidly securing much of the trade that former- 
ly belonged to Philadelphia and New York. Liberal, 
energetic and painstaking, with a thoroug'a knowledge 
of his business, he has already met with mucli succe3.s, 
and the public may at all times rely ujxju the high 
quality and purity of the goods oflered by the house. 



F. AKSFELT, 

Segars and Tobacco, No. 33 South Third Street. 

One of the enterprising and well known business 
men of Easton is Mr. F. Alsfelt, who conducts a general 
jobbing trade in Tobacco, Segars, Pipes, &p., at No. 33 
South Third Street. Mr. Alsfelt established himself in 
this business in 1878, which has since steadily grown, 
and the trade extended to, various sections of the Le- 
high Valley. The line of goods carried are of both 
high and medium goods carefully selected for a special 
trade, which are di.sposed of at both wholesale and re- 
tail. 

Mr. F. Alsfelt is a native of Easton, where he was 
born on the 26th of Febuary, 1830. \\nenalad twelve 
years of age he sold and delivered the New York pa- 
pers in Easton, and was the first to engage in this bus- 
iness. He has been in the segar trade upwards of 
thirty years, and at one time conducted the largest con- 
fectionery and oyster Vmsiness in the city, and was also- 
for fifteen years in the :iour and feed bu-^iness. 



RESOURCES OF Till': J.KHlOir VAI.MCY. 



53 



J. HAY & SONS, 

JoBBEKs OF Notions AND Dry Goods, 2, 4, and f 
Hay's Plack, and 236 and 238 Church Street. 

It is reasonbly safe to assert, in looking over tlie Va- 
rious and diverse industries of Easton, that no concern 
has done more to establish the reputation of this city 
as a purchasing centre tlian the wholesale Dry Goods 
and Notions liouse of J. Hay & Sou-;, who are located 
at Nos. 2, 4 and (i Hay's Tlace, adjoining tlic I'liijt Office. 

It Wiis establislied in 1852 by the head of the present 
lirm, Jlr. Jacob Hay. The business gradually was at- 
tracted to the house, and it is now ranked as the largest 
establishment of the kind in the Lehigh Valley. The 
lirm occupy a handsome .salesroom, with a front of 80 
Icet and a depth of 120, titled up in the most conven- 
ient manner. Tlu; stock of Dry Goods and Notions 
carried is surprisingly large, reaching a ligure that 
I ilaces them upon a business equality with the represent- 
ative houses of New York and Philadelphia. The bus- 
iness is conducted with the assistance of six employes, 
three of wlioni are traveling salesmen. Their trade is 
located throughout Central New Jersey, and in Pennsyl- 
vania, west of tlie Susquehanna River. Their stock 
includes a full line of Dry Goods and Notions, they 
being the direct agents for a number of prominent 
mills. The business during the past year wa-s increas- 
ed 50 per cent, over that of 1879, and the trade of the 
present season to much in excess of any previous 
period. 

The senior of the firm, Mr. Jacob Hay, was bom near 
Easton in 1830, and upon reaching his fourteenth year 
came into the town and became a clerk in a general 
store. He was a lad not having a trade, or many of the 
advantages given to other boys, and his success has 
been the result of correct business habits. In 1852 he 
started for himself and opened a small store in which 
he sold a general variety of goods. His business grad- 
ually became larger, and, although it really demanded 
his personal attention, he closed liis store in 1863, pla- 
carding the door of same "closed! not by the Sheriff, 
but gone to war," and went to take his part in the excit- 
ing scenes of the rebellion. He was chosen captain 
of Company D, Tliirty-Eighth Kegiment, Pennsylvania 
Volunteers, and as such served with credit and liouoi-. 
Returning to Easton, he started the wholesale notions 
and dry goods business, the wisilom of which has been 
shown in the pre.sent successful condition of the house. 
For several years he was a member of the Borough 
Council. He is a member of the firm of Hapgood, Hay 
& Co., Avholesale and retail dealers in Boots and !?hoes, 
and at one time was interested in the Bingen Iron 
Company. 

The second member of the firm, Mr. Thomas A. H. 
Hay, is a son of the senior of the house, and was born 
in Easton in the year 1854. He passed tlirouglr the pub- 
lic schools and entered Lafayette College, from which 
he graduated wlun he reached his twenty-first 
year. He entered a store as clerk and was admitted 
in liis fatlier's business in 1877 a< a partner. In 187i) he 
went west to Montana and is u jw employed in the 
United States Assay office in that territory. 

The junior of the firm, Mr. William O. Hay, was born 
in Easton in 18f)l, and secured a thorough education, 
entering the firm in 1S7'.", and now buys all the goods 
haiidled by the house and leiuls his father valuable 
service in the management of the business. 

TRACE'S ACADEMY, 

Prof. R. H. Trach, PiuNriPAi,, 153 Soinii Sixth 

Street. 
Trach's Academy and Commercial School has become 
one of the most impiilar educational instiiiitinus in 
this section of the country. It was founded in l!v72, bv 



Reuben H. Trach, and was until 1879, located on North 
ampton Street. It was removed to the elegant building 
now occupied in that year. The Academy is located 
in a quiet and secluded portion of the thriving borough 
of Easton, on a high ridge overlooking the I-«high and 
Delaware Valleys, aflTordiugan excellent view of moun- 
tain glen and river. The climate is one of well known 
and uncommon health fulness, and tlie society of 
Easton cultured and rcfine<i. There is railroad com- 
munication many times daily to all parts of the coun- 
try and telegraph lines communicate with the oflBce 
in Easton. These facilities give the Academy the ad- 
vantage of perfect retirement, so re(|uisite for study, 
together with the refinement and morality of the sur- 
rounding population, advantages for the training and 
education of youth, such as few places possess. The 
building is large, well ventilated, the donnitories 
neatly furnished and everything possible for the com- 
fort of the pupils provided. Large grounds surround 
the building, well shaded and laid out in beautif\il 
walks ornamented with plants and shrubbery. The 
course of study is Academic, Classical, Commercial and 
Musical. 

The course of musical instruction is in charge of an 
experenced instructor, and is designed to afford supe- 
rior advantages for pursuing this study thoroughly. 

The faculty is composed of Reuben H. Trach, Princi- 
pal, Moral and Natural Science, Mathematics and the 
Theory and Art of Teaching; Jacob P. Uhler, A. M., 
Astronomy ; George W. Sandt, A. B., English Literature; 
William N. Ruby, A. B., Latin, Greek and Higher 
Mathematics; James H. Lindemann. M. E., Book- 
keeping, Penmanship, Phonography and Arithmetic : 
Miss Emma Mann, English Grammar, Geography and 
Reading; F. H. Lehr, Esq., Commercial Law and 
Political Economy; Henry L. Mattes, Instrumental 
and Vocal Music. A corps of instructors selected with 
special reference to their fitness for the several depart- 
ments. 

There are now one hundred and thirty one students 
in the Academy, thirty-eight of whom are ladies. 

Prof. Reuben H. Tracli is a native of Northampton 
County, where he isesteemed asagcn;lcmcn possessing 
the highest attainments, and qunliii'ations for con- 
ducting .such an institution. Ministers, Profe.s.sors, 
Lawyers and Merchants speak in laudatory terms of the 
coiH-se of instruction adopted by him and the care 
with which he attends to the moral and educational 
training of those placed under his charge. 



JONAS LEVY, 

Ready-Made Clothing and Gents' Furnisjiing 
Goods, 102 Northampton Street. 

Among the clothing establishments of Easton that 
of Jonas Levy, at No. 1C2 Northampton Street, occupies 
a creditable position. In 1S74 he opened liis store and 
at once took a position as a reliable furnishcrof clothing. 

The store is of good size, and up.m its counters and 
shelves will be found a complete assortment of ready- 
made clothing of the most stylish material, cut and 
make, and a full line of gents' furnishing goods of the 
most fashionable sort. The stock is sui>erior in every 
respect, is attractively arranged, and will bear the most 
critical examination. Mr. Levy's experience in this 
department of trade enables him to secure his goods of 
reliable manufacturers, and as lie buys for ca-^h, he i;s 
able to dispose of liis stock at the most favorable figures. 

His patrons are always a.ssured of polite attention 
and the utmost satisfaction, making this store a perfect- 
ly safe one to bestow their custom upon. 

Mr. Levy is well and favorably known throughout 
the community, and is a gentleman ideutilied iu the 
advancement of its business interests. 



RESOrRCES OF THE LEIIKill VALI.i:Y. 



GEOUliL-: it ISAAC A. PMITII, 

AfANUFACTURERiS OK LlME, LiMK STONK, Cl'HBISG, 

GiiTTER St(ine, and Dealers in Brown and Ohio 
Stone, Office 122 South Fourth Street. 

Amonji the oiiterprises located at Easton that occupy 
n iironiiuent jiOMition, is that oi Messrs. George & Isaac 
A. Sniitli, mamifactiirersofLime, Lime Stoue, Curbing, 
Gutter Stone, auri dealers iu Browu aud Ohio Stoue, aud 
who liave the reputatiou of furuisliing the best Lime 
Stone iu the country. They obtain their supply oi" Lime 
Stone and Cnrbiug from the celebrated Quarries on 
Rn.shkill Creek, about a mile from Easton. The bluff 
is from eighty to one hundred feet high, and the stone 
extend* to an unkno\\ u depth, aud so far as it has been 
^■xpo.sed is of the uniform excellent quality for which 
it has become distiuguished, so that the supply is prac- 
iicrtlly inexhaustible. 

This remarkable stone has been used for making lime 
for more than forty years and has become noted for 
producing the best lime in this section. It has the 
best cementing qualities of any known. It has been 
tested in almost every conceivable situation, and has 
proved of extraordinary strength for uniting stone and 
brick work, and for its superior qualities as a plastering 
lime. It has likewise a reputation far more than local, 
being shipped extensively to New Jersey and New York, 
aud is employed in the erection of the finest buildings 
iu the country, among which we may mention the 
Lafayette College at Easton, the Insane Asylum at 
Morristown, N. J., the Prison at Wilkesbarre, and many 
•other public buildings at distant points. It is also used 
•extensively )iy the Pennsylvania Railroad, the Lehigti 
Valley Railroad, Lehigh aud Susquehanna, and other 
roads. They have four kilns and keep running sum- 
mer and winter, with an annual capacity of about two 
.hundred thon.sand bushels of lime. 

The firm are also manufacturers of Asbestine Stone, 
Avhich is rapidly growing in favor, as a substanstial and 
ornamental stone for cemetery work, window and door 
caps aud sills, and tiling for halls and entrances. 

Their stone yard is located at the foot of Bank Street, 
in the Lehigh river, and here they keep in stock a 
a largo supply of curbing and flagging. The office of 
the th-m is located at No. 22 South Fourth Street. 

'ilie business was established many years ago, the 
qnairies having been worked for nearly a half cen- 
tury. 

The present firm became proprietors in 1871, and now 
give employment in the various departments to thirty- 
fire workmen. 

Mr. George Smith, the senior of the firm, was born in 
England, and Mr. Isaac A., is a native of Northampton 
County. The proprietors are wide awake, thorough 
going business men, prompt in their engagements, yet 
courteous and affable, as well as straight forward in 
their dealings, and occujiy a high position in business 
circles of tlieir town. 



DANIEL BLACK, 

Tinware, and Tinner's Suppuf-s, 234 Northamp- 
ton Street. 
For more than thirty five years identified with the 
industriesof this city, and promoting itsmauufacturing 
advantages in liis own chosen vocation, Mr. Daniel 
Pilack is entitled to prominent mention in this work, 
and his enterprise to remark in reviewing Easton with 
an eye to its varied facilities as a trade centre. The 
hou.sc, which is now perpetuated by Mr. Black, was 
estab islied in IM'^, by his father, James Black, it being 
at that time a copper smithery. The father continued 
the business, adding from time to time the goods that 
are now dealt in, until his death, which occurred iu 
1829, when the widow assumed the business, which was 



continued under her name until 1S44, and the son, the 
present proprietor, succeeded, who has from that time 
to the present remained at the head. 

Mr. Black occupies a store aud workroom of 24.\72 
feet, where there are manufactured the various kinds 
of Tinware and Sheet Iron Goods, and giving employ- 
ment to six hands. He keeps in stock a full line of Tin- 
ware and Tinner's Supplies, Copper Goods, Sheet Iron, 
Lead Pipe, etc : transacting in these articles a general 
wholesalf- and retail business. 

Mr. Black was born in Easton In 1818, and after receiv- 
ing a good common school education, entered his 
mothers shop in 1836, to learn the trade, which he 
thoroughly mastered. In 1881 he was clioscu liy hi.s 
fellow citizens one of tlie commissioners to erect new 
waterworks. In all matters of detail with reference to 
his business, Mr. Black has acquired a fund of accurate 
knowledge aud experience, which makes his opinion 
valuable to his customers and esteemed.of his trade. 

M. GOLDSMITH, 

Noi'ioNS and Fancy Goods, 151 Noi!Tmani'ton 

Street. 
Notwithstanding that in many dry goods stores tl'.cre 
is to be found a line of Notions and Fancy Goods, tlieroi 
is Always room for enterprise in this direction as a dis- 
tinct branch of trade, and this fact is fully exemplied 
in the business of Mr. M. Goldsmith, No. lol Nortiiamp- 
ton Street, whose establishment is fitted with a choice 
stock of the finest novelties known to the trti-le. Here 
will be found Laces of every quality and patterns, Rib- 
bons, Ladies' Hosiery, all kinds of Knit Goods, Gloves, 
and the many articles common to a well- furnished store 
of this kind. The reputation of the house has secured 
a trade of large proportion. The store is situated on 
the main business thoroughfare, convenient to the .'ity 
trade and that of the surrounding country, and was 
established in 1865 by the present proprietor, 'i'he 
building is four stories in height, (Mr. Goldsmith oc- 
cupying the entire ground floor for his business,) has a 
large and attractive double front of eighteen feet, with 
a depth of sixty feet. 

Mr. (roldsmith is a native of Germany, but has speii!. 
the greater part of his life in this country. For sixteen 
years he has been engaged in his present business, aud 
during that time has secured a lucrative business, aud 
won for himself a large circle of friends. 



OWEN SEIBERT, 

Manufacturer of Coverlets, Counterpanes, 
Carpets, Stockings, and Dealer in Dry Goods, 
&c., No. 526 Northampton Street. 
An important producing establishment in Easton 
is that conducted by Mr. Owen Seibert, whose factory 
and store is at No. 526 Northampton Street. His line 
of production includes Bed t'preads. Coverlets, Coun- 
terpanes, Stockings, and Carpets, which he turns out in 
large quantities and finds a ready market in Philadel- 
phia, where the most of them are shipped. He largely 
deals in Dry (ioods. Cloths, Cassimeres, Blankets, Yarns, 
aud Warps, and carries on a jobbing trade extending 
throughout the surrounding country. The store is 18x 
.MI feet dimensitms, in the rear of which is the factory, a 
stibstantial building provided with all the necce.ssary 
appliances for the business, the facilities being such 
that all orders are filled with promptness and dispatch. 
Mr. Owen Seibert, the proprietor, is a reputable and vig- 
irous business man, and for a time was engaged in the 
manufacturing business in Lehigh County. During his 
business career he has achieved a success which has 
been gained by a close study of the wants oi his patrons, 
aud by an honorable and straight forward method 01 
dealing. He is a liberal merchant and popular with a 
large class of the community. 



rvESOURCES 01'^ THE LIOlIKill VALLEY. 



5S 



HESS BKOTUKKS & CO., 

Wholesalk fJp.fK Kits. Nos. 2"> anh l'T Xoktii 

VOVHTII StkKKT. 

Proiuiiu'Ut among those lunises thiit are n-presenta- 
live in their purtioular lino is that of Hess Brothers 
•<& Co., Wholesale <'rro<>ers, Nos, "jri ami 'JT North Fourth 
Street, the establishment of which dates back to IHfiH. 
■when Messrs H. P, Hess and ,Tanies Hess, associated 
Ihemselves together as H, P. Hess A: Co. In 1880 the 
timi was augmented by the addition of Mr. John F, 
Hess, and they took pos.sessioii of the large Viuilding 
now occuj)ie(l. This structure is located on Fourth 
Street, a few doors above Northanijiton, is three-storj' 
in height, and in dimensions sixty feet square. The 
lower floor, with the exception of ofBees, is principally 
tised for the <lisplay of their stock of Groceries, while 
the second anih third floors serve for the storage of 
surplus stock, including a full line of Tobaccos an<l 
Cigars, the (inn making ii sjiecialty of these goods. 

A i>roniiuent feature of the business is the "Victor 
Brand" of Package Cofl'ee, in the packing of which 
they keep employed five hands. This Coffee, although 
introduced to the trade but one year ago, is now found 
on sale iu every retail grocery establishment in this 
section. Their sales in this specialty aggregate teu 
thousand pounds per week, which represents their ca- 
pacity at the present time. 

The firm are manufacturers of Spices and roasters of 
■Coflee. their works being located tin Ferry Street, the 
■building being of three stories, 100x40 feet, and sup- 
l>lied with improved machiuery for the manufacture 
^if Si>ices of all kinds, the capacity, rcachiug Ave tons 
of Spices and t'ottee per day. An engine of twelve 
horse power furnishes the necessary power for the tv.o 
<lepartmeuts. 

Another Iiranch of the firms eiuei|uisc is the mau- 
itfacture of N'inegar at their faciciry on Bushkill .street, 
where they aunually produce almui live tliousaud 
■barrels and keep in stock about one tlinusand barrels. 

The firm eiujiloys twenty bauds, and in tlii' manage- 
ment of their afi'airs a large capital. 

The firm is compo.sed of Messrs. H. P. Hess and John 
F. Hess, and their father, Mr. James Hess. The former 
gentlemen, who are the active members of the firm, 
illustrate in their successful management of ib.c trade, 
theirthorough knowledge of the business. 

Mr. .lames Hess, the third memljcr of the lirm. is not 
only identified with this enterprise, but with several 
others, among them the "West Ward Passenger Kailway^ 
■of Easton, of which he is the .sole proprietor, and is a 
•stockholder in the Lehigh Slate Quarry, of Slatington. 

JOHN POLLOCK, 

MANrF.lCTl'KKR OFBiHSHKS, 2'JL' NORTHA.Ml'TO.N 

Street. 

Among the old established enterpri-ses of Easton is 
that of Mr. John I'oUock, rnaiuifacturer of Brushes, 
whose business was started in 1S!0. He became con- 
necle<l with the works as proprietor in IK'A and has 
since that time comlucted them successfully. The 
factoiy is located on Church Street, and is a two-story- 
frame building, :50x'J4 feet in dimensions, supplied with 
modern machinery for the maiuifacture of all kinds 
of Brushes. Quality is tlic nniin object considered in 
Mr. Pollock's i)roductioiiv and iu the manufacture of 
good and .serviccabU' Mrushcs. lie has achieved a wide- 
spread reputation. In liis busjue.ss he employs seven- 
teen workman, the majority of whom are skilled in 
their trade. 

The wholesale and retail department is located in a 
fine store, 19x8,t feet, at No. 222 Northampton Street, 
where is carried an extensive stock of Brushes, embrac- 
ing goods manufactured by himself and others. The 



facilities for supply iiif^tlu- trade are such that all ordeiB 
are sure of prompt attention and immediate filling. 

Mr. Pollock is a mitive of Fusion and his long busi- 
ness career has made liim fully ac<iuainted with the 
details of the manufacture of Brushes, and all goods 
coming from his establishment are such a,s to command 
a prominent position among the prodticts of simular 
houses. 

Personally he is greatly respected as a gentlemen. 
who.se busines.s career extends over a half century of 
ICaston's growth and i>rogress. 

C. W. MEEKER. 

Stoves AND Hakdware, No, 31.3 Nouthamptom 
Street. 

.\ prominent house is that of C. W. Meeker, whole- 
sale and retail dealer in Stoves, Tin-ware, House Fur- 
nishing Goods of all kinds, at No. 313 Northamjiton 
Street, where he establislicd the business in IS'.'). The 
store has a depth of one Inuidred and ten feet, with a 
trontof sixteen feet, giving ample space for the display 
of choice goods in his line. He keeps a large assort- 
ment of Stoves, including every make and pattern from 
the large and serviceable cook to the elegant self-feed- 
er for parlor use, a specialty being a wrought iron furnace, 
manufacttu'cd by himself, which has a large sale. He 
also has in stfick an extended variety of House Fur- 
nishing (rof)ds. while the assortment of Hardware and 
Cutlery is extensive. A full line of Builders' Hardware, 
Cement and Plaster, makes his establishment desirable 
for thf)se contemj)lating building and ihiprovements. 

The business transacted is wholesale and retail, spe- 
cial attention being given to the retail branch. The 
trade of the house stretches overEaston and stuToundiug 
country and is rapidly increasing. 

Mr. Meeker is a native of Ea.ston, and was for seven 
years in business with Mr. Mack, and two years a 
mem>)er of the firm of Chidder & Meeker, his whole 
business career C(jvering a period of sixteen years. 

EDWAKI* ABLE. 

CARi'irrs AND Oil Cloths, No. 352 Nokthami'tos 

STRKKT. 

The only house iu Easton devoted exclusively to the 
Garpcl trade is that of Mr. .\ble, who established the 
Imsiness ill i.'-4'.', and occupies a large store, having a 
depth of one hundred feet with a front of twenty-five, 
adjoining the Opera Hou>c. 

.\ large Itusincss is condiu'ted both in the wholesale 
and retail branches, and his trade embraces most of 
the best families of this section. His stock comprises 
Brussels, Ingrain, and other Carpets. Rugs, Mattings, 
Oilcloths, Window Shades and Fixtures, Window Cor- 
nices, Brackets, &c., and is at all times complete and well 
selected. 

A prominent feature of his business is making and 
putting down carpets, thus assuming all the chances of 
nice fits, and enabling him to guarantee good work. 

His stock, iu quantity and quality, iij not equaled by 
any other house iu this vicinity, and is oflered with 
such inducements as to prices as cannot fail to meet the 
wants of his customers, 

Mr. .Vble docs quite an extensive trade in supplying 
merchants in the surrounding country towns with goods 
in his line, and is prepared to offer small dealers special 
inducements. He hasahvays in stock the latest patterns, 
from the finest .\xminster to the cheapest Ingrain. 

Mr, Able is a native of Easton, and is one of its most 
enterprising and public spirited citizens. The beauti- 
ful Oiicra House bearing his name, is one of the notable 
instances of his interest iu this place, and is highly 
appreciated by its citizens. 



RESOURCES OF THE I.EHKiTI VATJ.EY. 



--??^5S"5^siLS 




H, G. TOMBLER, 

Wholesale Geocee, Coenee Thied and Feeet 
Streets. 

Among the representative houses of Eastou devoted 
to the Groceiy trade, we take pleasure iu calling the at- 
tention of the consuming community to that of H. G. 
Tombler, corner of Third and Ferry Streets. 

For twenty years this house laas been before the pub- 
lic. Established in 1861, by Daly & Tombler, it contin- 
ued under that title until the death of Mr. Daly iu 1877, 
when Mr. Tombler succeeded to the sole proprietorship. 

Diiriu'^ all this period it has been recognized as a 
prominent une in promoting the commerce of this city, 
which, iu more than an ordinary manner, it has done 
much to enhance and faster. The premises occupied 
are a flue four-story building, 20x150 feet, possessing all 
the appointments necessary for the proper conducting 
of a large trade.. 

Jobbing in Groceries and Smoked Meats, the house 
is prepared to oirer every inducement to the trade that 
can be accorded in this market. His trade in smoked 
provisions has grown to be the largest in this section, 
amounting to over one million poinids per annum and 
is steadily increasing. We desire to call particular 
altcnlion to the fine grade and flavor of this product of 
the house, wliich in a measine is a specialty of his 
business. The smoke-house being located on Ferry 
Street adjoining the store, Mr. Tombler is enabled to 
personally conduct and supervise the proper curing and 
smoking of all meat and to this fact much of the reputa- 
tion v.liich the product has, is due. 

Iu addition to this, and the line of heavy and staple 
groceries, a general line of Tobaccos is carried, en- 
abling him to meet all the requirements of his trade. 

Ten men are employed in various capacities by the 
house, and it is represented on the road by competent 
wide-awake salesmen. 

Mr. H. G. T()ml)ler is a native of Easton, and was born 
in 18.>0. He is prominently identified with all mea- 
sures pertaining to the welfaroof the community, ac- 
tive in the prosecution of his business, and is regarded 
as an upright citizen, a carcfnl conservative business 
man, and one, whose success and reputation are as de- 
served as they are stibstantial. 

W. H. LEE, 

Carriage, Sleigh and Hearse Body Maker, No. 

31 North Fifth Street. 
Mr. W. H. Lhv. has been engaged iu nuikiug of Car- 
riage, Sleigh and Hearse Bodies in Eastou for a number 
of yeare. He is a practical carriage maker, having had 



an e.\i)ericuce of twenty years in the business. He 
(ir.stestabli-liedthisenterpri.se in 187?,, and occupies a 
shop having dinien-;ions of 30x40 feet, in which he em- 
ploys five skilled workmen, and turn.- out some of the 
finest work made in this part of Pennsylvania, which 
will bear favorable comparison witli (hat of the more 
pretentious cities. His productions consist principally 
in getting out the wood work of the bodies of (Jarriages, 
Sleighs, and Hearses £)f all kinds and styles, which find 
a market in all portions of the surrounding country. 

Mr. Lee is a well-known citizen, and native of Easton, 
where he has an established reputation as a reliable 
business man and citizen. 



P. BARNITT & CO., 

Paper Hangers, 125 Northampton Street. 

To make home cheerful and inviting is the desire of 
every housekeeper, and it is clearly evident that noth- 
ing cau add so much to the interior beauty of a house 
as neat paper on the wall. 

The many improvements in the manufacture of Wall 
Paper have revolutionized the trade, and we now have 
adornments that are positive works of art. In com- 
mending upon the houses in Easton devoted to this 
particular business, it is only justice to note the estab- 
lishment of P. Barnitt & Co., who are located at No. 
425 Northampton Street, where they are the recipients 
of a large share of the trade of this community. In. 
1875 this business was started one door above where 
now located, and was removed to present location in IS8I) 
to better accommodate their increasing patronage. The 
firm make a specialty of fine wall paper and decoration, 
keeping in stock a line, that is attractive in beautiful 
designs and richness, and are in every respect fully pre- 
pared to do first-class work. The firm po.ssess very 
superior taste iu the selection of goods and the combin- 
ing of colors, which is the secret in making handsome 
ceiling and beautiful wall, and work in this depart- 
ment entrusted to them is guaranteed to give satisfac- 
tion. They also carry a stock of window shades, fix- 
tures, etc., equalling any other house in the city. 

Mr. Barnitt is a native of Philadelphia, but for about 
eight years has been a resident of Easton, where he is 
recognized as an enterprising gentleniaii, thoroughly 
understanding the details of his business. His house 
possesses the confidence of the couuuunity, as a 
thoroughly reliable place forthe goods. 



CHARLES BARRON, 

Farm and Express Wagon Builder, No. 6S2 
Northampton Street. 

One of the important of the many industrial enterprises 
carried on in Easton, is that conducted by Mr. Charles 
Barron, builder of Farm and Express \\'agons. He has 
been engaged in this businesy since 1837, having began 
it in an unpretentious way in the immediate vicinity 
of Easton, and removed here in 1845, where he has been 
successful, and his workmanship highly spoken of, 
both as regards to style and durability. His workshops 
occupy a lot 38x120 feet dimensions, and comprise a 
smith shop, wood- working shop, paint shop, Ac., fully- 
supplied with all the requisite machinery, and where a. 
number of skilled workmen are employed. Asa builder 
of farm, expre.ss aud light busine.ss wagons, he has 
gained a high reputation and is known as a reliable 
workman, a fact evidenced by the number of wagons 
from his establishment that may be seen throughout 
this section of the country. Mr. Barron is a thorough, 
practical workman, and was brought up to the business. 

He was born in Springfield township, Bucks County, 
in 1S13, aud for many years has beeu a resident of 
Eastou. 



RESOURCES OF THE r.EHIGII VALLEY. 



67 



SAMUEL DRINKHOUPE, 

Hats, Caps and Furs, Corner Cf.ntrk P(jt-are 
AND Northampton Strekts. 

The oldest establishment in Easton is the Hat, Cap 
and Fur store of Samuel Drinkhouse, situated at tlie 
comer of Centre Square and Northampton Street, which 
had its origin by the present proprietor in 1823, many 
eyears before any other house now in existence was 
stablishi'd. Ho. at this early liiii^, tpf iicd his business 
in a small building upon a portion of the ground on 
South Third Street, now occupied by Porter's Block, 
where he remained until purchasing the property 
where now located, to wiiich he removed in 1842, cov- 
ering a period of forty years in one location. In his 
early days, he was engaged in the manufacture of hats 
for the Philadt^lphia, trade, giving employment to 
many hands. He finally relinquished this department, 
devoting his time and energies to the retail trade, and 
is recognized as one of the leaders in his business. The 
store has a frontage on Northampton Street of 72 feet, 
and 2C feet upon Centre Square, giving a large area for 
the display of Hats and Caps, which includes every 
Btyle for men's, youth's and boy's wear. During the 
season, the stock of Furs is large and valuable, his loug 
experience making him a most acceptable person for 
the handling of these goods. 

Mr. Drinkhouse was born in Reading in 1804, and at 
the age of thirteen years was apprenticed to learn the 
hatting trade, and from that time to the present, a 
period of sixty-four years, he has continuously been 
engaged in this trade. In 1823 he came to Easton and 
established himself, where his long business career has 
made him hosts of friends, who esteem him as an up- 
right and conscientious citizen. The name of Samuel 
Drinkhouse is known far and wide, his reputation for 
fair dealing having been early made and strictly main- 
tained. 



A. STETTNER, 

New York Clothing House, "^o. 118 Northajcp- 

TON Street. 
The "Down Town Clothier," Mr. A. Stettner.at No. 118 
Northampton Street, has been engaged in business in 
Easton for ten years, and has become popular with a 
large class of trade by reason of his keeping a full 
stock of ready-made reasonable and fashionable cloth- 
ing, which he offers at prices that compare favorably 
with those in New York. He also has a large assort- 
ment of Trunks, Vali.ses and Traveling Bags and a 
complete line of Hats and Caps, and conducts a large 
trade. The store is neatly and conveniently arranged 
and every fiicility is afforded those who visit his estab- 
lishment. He is an enterprising citizen and enjoys the 
confidence of a large patronage, which he has drawu 
around him by his systematic and popular method of 
doing business. 



JOSEPH JOHNSON, 

liRocER AND Dealer in Fine Canned Goods, No. 
1011 Northampton Street. 

The establishment of Mr. Joseph Johnson is popular 
as a resort for the pureliase of fine Groceries, Canned 
Goods and Delicacies. He has been engaged in this 
special brancli of business since 1879, and occupies a 
store 2ox:')0 feet in dimensions, in which he has a full 
and complete stock of ehuice Groceries, carefully se- 
lected, and comprising all those articles known as gro- 
cers' specialties, and the various sul)stanlials iind del- 
icacies in Fruits, Fish, Meats and Fowl, in Canned 
(loods. His store is poi>ular and he enjoys a large 
trade. 

He is a native of New Jersi^y, l»ut has licen for many 
years a citizen of Easton, win re he has gained a sub- 
stantial reputation as a merchant and business man. 



JOSEPH F. CH.\TER, 

Wholesale Dealer in General Produce, Corn- 
Ei{ Tiiiui) and Ferry Streets. 

Easton from its advantageous position affords a ready 
market for the distribution of all kindsof produce, in 
whicli business there are several cnterpriRing firms 
engaged, among wliom is Mr. Josejih I". Crater, at the 
Corner of Third and Ferry Streets, wlio is well known 
throughout the valley as a wholesiile dealer in Butter, 
Eggs, Potatoes, Apples, Cheese. Lard and Foreign and 
Domestic Fruits, &v. Mr. Crate;- established this bns- 
ine.-is at Hackcttstown in Ih-Vi, and removed to Eastern 
in 1868, since which time it ha< been steadily gnjwing 
and now carries on one of the largest trades in this cliuss 
of goods in Ea.ston, and gives employment to ten hands 
in the ditlerent department of the busines-, 

Mr. Crater is a native of Hackettstown, N. J., and 
since his residence in Easton, has become popular as a 
business man and citizen. The large trade he now 
conducts, extends throughout the Lehigh Valley, 
through Pennsylvania, New Jersey and New York. At 
Lewistown, in Pennsylvania, a branch house is located, 
where an extensive trade is carried on in connection 
with the Easton house. 



EUREKA MILLS, 

TiL'iHMAN Kepler, Flour, Feed and Grain, 
Mills on Bushkill Creek, Office and Stoke 
115 South Third Street. 

In the Eastern portion of the Lehigh Valley there 
are a number of flour and grist mills, the many water 
courses in that section affording ample power. Promi- 
nent among those so engaged is Mr. Tilghman Kepler, 
proprietor of the Eureka Mills, situated on the Bush- 
kill Creek, about two miles from the borough of Easton. 
The mill, erected in 1880 on the site of the old one. 
which was destroyed by fire, is a substantial structure, 
furnished throughout with all the necessary appli- 
ances and machinery, and has five run of stone driven 
by a powerful turbine water wheel, and turns out a 
large quantity of flour annually, which finds a ready 
market among the cities and towns through the Lehigh 
Valley. Mr. Kepler has an office and store for the sup- 
ply of the local trade at No. 11.5 South Third Street. 
He handles considerable flour, a large quantity of grain, 
feed, &c., and pays the highest market rates for grain, 
and carries on an extensive trade with all the sur- 
rounding country. 

He resides near the mill in Fork's Township, and is 
prominently known throughout this section of the 
State, where he has for many years resided and been 
identified with the milling interest. 



WILLIAM EVERHART, 

Bottler, No. 12 North Fifth Street. 

Among those who have achieved a high reputation 
as Bottlers of Porter, Ale, Lager Beer, Mineral Waters, 
Ginger Ale, &c., is Mr. William Everhart, whose Bot- 
tling House is at No. 12 North Fifth Street, where he 
has every facility and convenience for carr>'iiig on 
the business. He has built up a large trade in Easton 
and its neighborhood, and keeps a number of assistants 
constantly engaged in filling orders. He makes a spe- 
cialty of Birch Beer, a refreshing and cooling summer 
beverage which is highly prized by the community for 
its excellence. 

Mr. Everhart has been established in this business 
since 1877, since which time he has largely incrensed 
his custom and made many improvments in his Bot- 
tling House. 

He is a native of this city and highly esteemed as a 
businessman and citizen. 



58 



RESOURCES OF THE LEIIKJII VALLKY 



M. .r. KIEGEL, 

Bookseller and Stationer, 332 Northampton 
Street. 

While reviewing the iiiaimfaeturinar interests and en- 
terprises of Eastou, noting those things that are remark- 
able, and observing particularly the character of the 
work here executed, the extent of such productions, 
and the general bearing upon the industries and pros- 
perity of the comnumity, we must not in any manner 
fail to do justice to tho.se establishments that do so 
much to elevate society by the dissemination of the pro- 
duets of the press, and to provide for their use such 
other evidences of refinement and education as may be 
re(iuired. We have reference to the Bookseller and Sta- 
tioner, the most prominent in this branch of trade in 
ICaston being Mr. M. .1. Kiegel, who.xe elegant establish- 
ment is located at 332 Northampton Street. 

In gleaning facts historically of this house, we find 
that its inception begins with the year 1864, when Mr. 
Kiegel started in a moderate way the business of book- 
seller and stationer, which has grow n from year to year 
to proyiortions that are astonishing, and demonstrating 
to the public the result of a thonnigh knowledge of 
the business closely applied. In reviewing the stock 
here found, we must include such a variety and quality 
as it would be expected to be found in the larger estab- 
lishments of Philadelphia and New York, and so large 
■as to rellect in a most creditable manner the superior 
character of the citizens of the community. It in- 
cludes a full and complete line of Miscellaneous Books, 
Sunday School Books, School and College Text Books, 
Mathematical Instruments, Gold Pens, Stationery, etc., 
etc.. The trade is not confined to retail sales, but em- 
braces a large wholesale business, he being the source 
of supply for many of the .smaller establishments in 
Easton. and throughout Central New Jer.sey. 

The store occupied has a front of eighteen feet, with 
a dei)th of one hundred and fifty feet, and finished 
with every appointment for the successful handling of 
his trade, and employing in the various departments 
an able corps of assistants. 

In conclusion, we must say as a matter of simple jus- 
tice, and without the slightest intention of laudation, 
that the enterprise established by Mr. Kiegel in this 
community, has not only been highly promotive of its 
industrial thrift, but has been managed and conducted 
upon business principles so honorable and straightfor- 
ward as to have secured for the hoase and Its founder 
an esteem as justly, as it is rarely, acquired. 

JOHN H. OD EN WELDER, 

Foreign and Dome.stic Segaks and Tobacco, 
No. 302 Northampton Street. 

A prominent representative in the segar and tobacco 
trade in Easton, is Mr. ,John H. Odenwelder, whose at- 
tractive and well stocked store is located at No. 302 
Northampton Street, where is a fine line of Segars of 
the choices brands of Havana and Domestic manufac- 
ture, and an elegant assortment of chewing and smok- 
ing Tobacco, the productions of the most noted makers 
in the country, together with smokers' articles of all 
kinds. 

Mr. Odenwelder established this business in January, 
1880, since which time he has drawn around him a large 
and substantial iiatronage, which has been gained by 
the superior excellence of his stock of goods, and by 
the uniform courtesy he displays toward all who favor 
him with their patronage. 

Mr. Odenwelder is a native of South Easton, where 
lie was born in 1836, and has always been identified 
with the material interest of this section, both in pub- 
lic and private life. During the administration ol Pres- 
ident Andrew Jackson, he was postmaster at Bath, 



Northniiii'ton r.xur.y. and from ISiiO to 1873. was in 
charge of the Lackawanna Rail Road, a position he 
filled in the most satisfactory manner; discharging his 
duties faithfully and receiving the highest econi- 
unis from the officers of the Couipany for the syste- 
matic manner in wliich i:s affairs were conducted while 
under liis supervision. In ISTO he was elected Recorder 
of Deeds for tliis county, which office he filled for two 
terms with honor an(} fidelity. He has helped to foster 
and promote the best interests of Easton and has 
taken a prominent part in all affairs tending towards 
its advancement. As a business man he is enterprising 
and reliable, and as a citizen highly esteemed. 

FOX c>>: FULMER, 

Jewei.ehs, 31-') Northampton Street. 

In the various branches of business pursued in Easion 
that of jeweler is one of the most important. Among 
the number of first-class houses in this business is 
that of Fox & Fulmer, at No. 345 Northampton Street. 
This house is quite young, having been established in 
Ajtril, 1880, and was at once stocked with a very hand- 
some assortment of Jewelery. They now carry a large 
stock, among which may be found a splendid variety 
of fine Gold and Silver Watches, Clocks, Solid and Plated 
Table Ware, Spectacles, etc., which can be supplied to 
purchasers at city prices. They occupy a handsome 
double front store, of 22x40 feet in dimensions, fitted 
with elegant show cases and cabinet. Though but little 
more than a year at this stand, they have already estab- 
lished a fine reputation and carry a selection of fine 
jewelry not exceeded by any other house in the city. 

Both members of the firm are life-long residents of 
Easton, the senior, Mr. Fox, for thirty years a member 
of the firm of Bixler & Fox, and possessing an expeii- 
ence that has given the new enterprise a position from 
its start. They are practical watchmakers and jewel- 
ers, fully acquainted with every branch of thebusinc.-;s, 
and gentlemen possessing the esteem of all who know 
them. 



SEITZ BROTHERS, 

Brewers AND Bottlers, Corner Bushkill and 
Front Streets. 

Of the brewers in the Valley who have distinguished 
themselves in their vocation, we note the firm of Seitz 
Brothers, as having had no small share in the develop- 
ment of trade in this department, and the manufac- 
ture of a jjroduct that will bear favorable comparison 
with any in the United States. 

The business was established in 1821, when Mr. Fred- 
erick Seitz, Sr., the father of the present firm came to 
Eastou, and in connection with his uncle and his cousin, 
started a brewery. Mr. Seitz succe.ssfnlly carried on 
the business, increasing it by the addition of new build- 
ings, machinery, etc., until 1867, when he retired, hav- 
ing accumulated considerable property and possessing 
the respect of the people throughout his business terri- 
tory. 

The firm occupy several buildings, the brewery and 
malt house being both of brick, the bottling establish- 
ment and buildings, all of frame. In the various de- 
partments of their business, they give employment 
during the business season to about sixty men, and an- 
nually produce about ten thousand barrels beer, and lx>t- 
tle about fjve hundred dozen per day. They own two 
boatjs, one on the Morris and Essex Canal, the other on 
the Lehigh, the former going east to Dover, N. J., the 
latter to Mauch Chunk upon the west, to distribute 
the beer among their i)atrous along the route. 

The individual members ol the firm are John, 
Henry and William Seitz. The quality of beer manu- 
factured ranks favorably with any now made in this 
country. 



RESOUIU'KS OF THE lA'AlUill VAT.T.EY. 



69 



JOSEPH RKCK. 

MANII-ACirRKR OF CARnlAfJES, CORNKR FRONT 
AND Sl'UING GaRDKN STRF.ETS. 

Among tlie carriago works of the Leliigh Valley thai 
have 11 stanilanl n-putation for superior work will be 
found the industry of Josepli Heck, located at the cor-' 
ner of Front and ypring Garden Streets, Easton. These 
works were established several years ago, by Mr. O. L. 
Godfrey, Mr. Beck becoming connected with them in 
187fi, under the firm of Godfrey & Beck. In l,s78 the se- 
nior member retired, and the present proprietor was 
alone left to prosecute the enterprise. The works oc- 
cupy a most desirable situation, being convenient for 
his trade both in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and 
consist of a three-story brick building, 30x-")0 feet; a 
frame and stone .structure, 'J2xrw feet, and a number of 
outbuildings, thoroughly fitted throughout with the re- 
quisite ai>i)lianees for the proper jirosecution of the 
business. Mr. Beck manufactures all kinds of Carriages, 
Road Wagons, including Buggies, Fall and Standing 
Top Phaeton, Family Vehicles, Doctor's Gigs, Light Open 
Wagons, and the many other diflferent styles in use in 
this section of the country. lie keeps in stock a variety 
of carriages of the best workmanship, beautiful In con- 
struction, tinish, and perfect taste, and fully warranted 
to equal the best make in the market. Mr. Beck gives 
particular attention to building carriages to order, and 
few manufacturers anywhere enjoy a higher reputation 
for superiority of production, or for elegance and com- 
pleteness of linish. His trade is not confined to North- 
ampton County, but extends throughout the greater 
part of Warren County, New Jersey, and it is gradually 
increasing wherever his work has been introduced. 

Mr. Beck is a native of Scotland, where he was born 
in 1843, and when reaching the age 6f seven years came 
to this country. He learned the trade of carriage build- 
ing and brings to bear in the construction of his work 
practical information that is manife.st in the produc- 
tion of his manufactory. He has been a resident of 
Easton for thirteen years, and is well known as an en- 
terprising aud active business gentleman, command- 
ing the respect and esteem of all with whom he is 
brought in contact. He is serving his third term as a 
member of the Borough Council, represeutiug the Third 
ward. 



FKANK KNECHT. 

Photographer, 3-54 Northampton Street. 

The growth of photographic art has kept pace with 
developments in other branches of science, and each 
year there are brought out attractions that seem to sur- 
pass all previous eflbrts. Among the galleries located 
in Easton, that of Mr. Frank Knecht is probably the 
oldest, it having been established by his father in 1848, 
who in ISVJ, removed to the present location, 3o-t North- 
ampton street, where the whole third floor is occupied 
and fitted up with spacious waiting and operating rooms. 
The son became the proprietor April 1, 1881, and at once 
infused into the bu.siness new ideas, adopting all the 
latest improvements in photography, and producing 
pictures the equal of any gallery in this community. 
Hi> facilities embrace oil and crayon work, aud the 
many attractive and beautiful styles of photographs, 
Mr. K. posses.ses many handsome scenes, backgrouids, 
aud other accessories, which in connection with the su- 
I)erior sky-lights, enables him to insure the "utmost sat- 
isfaction. .\ specialty is made of stereoscopic views, 
he liaviug unusual facilities f )r this particular work, 
and has given to the world mauy of the attractive 
views that abound in this vicinity. 

Mr. Knecht is a native of Easton, and a young gen- 
tleman ihoroughly understanding his profession. 



.VCKEKMAN it U \1>I,Y. 

JKWEI.KUS, is.) NoKllI VMT'ToN r5rHK.KT. 

Enterprise is pecidiavly a feature of ti.e .American 
people, no otlier nation displaying it to the same degree 
as is common in this country. This is jirominent in the 
chauuels of trade, and constantly the biisincss world is 
))eiiig entered upon by new competitors. Among tlie 
enterprising firms of Jewelers in Ea,stoii. is that of .\ck- 
erman it Hai-sly. who e.stal>lished themselves in busi- 
ness in .Vpril. IKM, at once stocking their store with a 
beautiful aud choice line of .Vmerican aud Swiss 
Watches, flocks. Jewelry, Spectacles ami Eye-<;lasses. 
and a multitude of similar goods usually found in a 
store of its kind. The design of the firm is to make a 
specialty of Watches and Clocks and tlie repairing of 
time pieces. Their location is at No. 42:5 NorthampKm 
Street, opposite the Franklin House, where they are 
prepared to receive their fiiends and jiatrons. They 
are both skillful and practical watchmakers, fully com- 
petent to repair and adjust all watches, clocks and 
time pieces. The prices of goods at this establishment 
are very reasonable, no false rei)resentations are ever 
made respecting the quality of tlie goods sold, and 
everything is guaranteed to be in .exact accordance 
with the statements made in regard to it. 

The members of the firm are T. F. Ackerman and 
S. E. Raesly, both young men, and well calculated to 
conduct successfully an enterprise of this kind. 

JOHN A. WEAVER,, 

PHARM.A.CIST, No. 5 South Third Street. Por- 
ter's Block. 

The popular establishment of Mr. Weaver located in 
Porter's Block, South Third Street, was conducted by 
Mr. W. N. Purden, who established the business in 1868, 
and in 1873 it came under the control of Mr. Weaver, 
who makes a specialty of compounding pharmaceutical 
jireparations, which have become j)opuhir aiul are high- 
ly endorsed by the medical faculty. He also dispenses 
pure Drugs and Medicines, and gives particular atten- 
tion to the compounding of physicians' and family pre- 
scriptions. 

An important branch of Mr. Weaver's busine.ss is the 
manufacture of Soda Water, and supplying dealers 
with Soda and Mineral Waters. He keeps a large stock 
of the most popular watei-s constantly on hand. He 
also has a well selected stock of druggists' sundries and 
specialties, including all the well known and highly 
endorsed proprietary medicines, and occupies a tastefully 
arranged store, having a front of 18 feet with a depth of 
10 feet. 

:Mr. Weaver is a native of Easton, and a regular grad- 
ute in Pharmacy from the Philadelphia College. He 
is a careful aud accurate druggist, aud gives his per- 
sonal attention to all branches of the business. 

H. H. SHELLEXBERGER. 

Grocer, Corner Third and Ferry Street.s. 
The well known grocery stand at the corner of Third 
and Ferry Streets, now under the management of Mr. H. 
H. Shellenbergcr, is the oldest in Easton and one of the 
land marks of the city. He engaged in the grocery bus- 
iness at this old stand in 1876. and lias always conduct- 
ed a large and substantial trade in Groceries, Fruits, 
and Vegetables, keeping at all times a well selected aud 
fresh stock, bought direct from first hands, and can 
ofler inducements it would be difficult to duplicate in 

other .sections. , . „ „ 

Mr. Shelleiiberger is a native of Dauphin County, Pa., 
where he was born iii 182.8, aud wius formerly in the 
dry goods and grocery business in Schuylkill County 
previous to his removal to Easton in 1876. He is a cour- 
teous and prompt business man, and well regarded by 
the trade. 



60 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VAT,T,EY. 



HENRY McKEEN & CO., 

Manufacturers OF Cotton Goods, Lehigh Mills, 
South Easton. 
In reviewing the Lehigh Valley the wrMer was par- 
ticularly attracted to an enterprise that now stands 
alone in the valley as the only representative of its par- 
ticular branch of manufacture— the well-known "Le- 
high Mills," situated in South Easton. These mills so 
fa\-(irably located along the railroad and canal, were 
estnMished in 18.36 by Swift & Black, who remained the 
proi >iietors of the industry for twelve years, being suc- 
ceeded in 1848 by McKeeu & Quinn, who built the large 
brick building now a portion of the property. This 
firm continued at the head of the mill, through the 
vicissitudes of business, incident to the period prior to 
the war and the tiying times of that memorable con- 
flict, until 186.?, when they dissolved, and a new firm 
known as McKeen & Co., was organized, the senior of 
this firm being a brother of the one in the former co- 
partnership. This firm continued without change until 
1872, when it became McKeen & Raphael, who con- 
tinued it successfully for eight years, or until 1880, when 
Mr. R. retired, and a grandson of the senior was asso- 
ciated, the title becoming Henry McKeen & Co., as now 
constituted. 

The plant of the fiim, as we have already stated, is 
very desirably situated, being located upon a stretch of 
land between the canal and railroad, in South 
Easton, about one-quarter of a mile west of the iron 
bridge crossing the Lehigh river. Convenient for the 
receipt and shipment of all goods, and otherwise pos- 
sessing advantages that places it above simular indus- 
tries in Eastern Pennsylvania. The buildings are not 
only numerous, but extensive, comprising in part as 
fbllows : one stone mill, 46x66 feet in dimension, with 
four stories and a-half ; one brick structure 78x72 feet, 
and of four stories and basement ; two weaving mills, 
one of 95x42 feet, of .stone, with three stories and a-half; 
the other of 83x36 feet, with three stories ; dying house, 
36x59 feet, one story and a-half; and two other out- 
buildings, 20x40 feet and 20x.50 feet. 

The canal is utilized by the use of a three hundred 
horse power over-shot water wheel, which furnishes 
sufficient power for every needed purpose of the mills. 
They are equipped with every modern appliance, in- 
cluding three hundred looms and nine thousand 
spindles, for the rapid manufacture of cotton goods, 
they producing these specialties alone, and annually 
putting into the market two million yards of them, 
giving employment to about three hundred hands— in 
point of numbers employed, emphatically the largest 
industry in the Eastern end of the Lehigh Valley. 

Their goods are principally sold through their 
agents, the mills being represented by Keyser, Town- 
send & Co., 83 and 85 North St., New York city ; Lewis 
Brothers & Co., Philadelphia and New York, and other 
prominent houses in Baltimore and Chicago. 

The senior of this firm, and the active head of the en- 
terprise, is Mr. Henry McKeen, Sr., a gentleman of wide 
experience in these goods, and an able and conserva- 
tive business man. He was born in Ireland in the year 
1794, and in 1816 came to this country, possessed 
with that fervor and natural ingenuity so common to 
his countrymen. A few years later he began business 
on Market street, Philadelphia, where he spent forty- 
three years engaged in the importing of watches, and 
the sale of Britania ware and jewelry, which he 
relinquished in 1865 to enter into the present business. 
Although well advanced in years, Mr. McKeen possesses 
a vigor and activity that still permits him to personally 
attend the management of the mills, in which he is ably 
assisted by his partner, Mr. Henry McKeen, Jr. This 
gentleman was bom in the city of Philadelphia in 1852, 
and became connected with the mills in 1876, enter- 



ing as a member of liie ilrm in 1880. He is a gentleman 
possessed of business tact and superior exectitive 
ability, which he brings to bear in a most creditabhs 
manner in conducting the atTairs of the mills. 
- In conclusion, it is but left to say, that the productions 
of the "Lehigh Mills" have a reputation extending over 
the breadth of the covuitry, and wherever introdncecl 
have never failed to become recognized as among the 
best in the market. 



L. STRAUS & CO., 

Manufacturers and Dealers in Segars, To- 
bacco, &c.. No. 416 Northampton Street. 
The manufacture of segars is an important industry 
in Easton, and is well represented by the firm of L. 
Straus & Co. The business was established in 1879 by 
Mr. M. A. Straus, and was successfully carried on by 
him until the Spring of 1881, when the present firm 
succeeded him, A large, well arranged and attractive 
store is occupied at No. 416 Northampton Street, and a 
choice stock of Havana and Domestic Segars, Smoking 
and Chewing Tobacco and a general stock of Pipes 
and Smokers' Articles are displayed, and a lucrative 
patronage enjoyed from a large class of citizens. The 
firm are also engaged in the manufacture of segars of 
both foreign and domestic leaf of the following well 
known popular brands, " The Geraldine," " Horse Pa- 
role," "Opera House," " Half Shell," " Five Colors," and 
" High Life," which have become staple in the market 
in this vicinity, and highly appreciated for their flavor 
and general excellence. These goods are well made by 
skilled workmen in the factory in the rear of the store. 
Messrs. Straus & Co. are recognized among the leading 
manufacturers of fine segars in this section of the 
Lehigh Valley. 

The firm is prominently connected with the business 
interests of Easton, and their store is a resort for those 
in quest of fine segars and choice smoking and chew- 
ing tobacco. As a business firm they are reliable and 
straightforward, and take special pains to please all 
patrons. 

ISAAC GOLDSMITH. 

Manufacturer and Dealer in Fine Cigars, 
Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Leaf Tobac- 
co, No. 324 Northampton Street. 
Of the many establishments in this city devoted to 
the manufacture and sale of Cigars and Smokers' Sup- 
plies, a prominent plrice is that owned and conducted 
by Mr. Isaac Goldsmith, at No. 324 Northampton street. 
It was started in 1868 by the present proprietor, with a 
small capital, which he has gradually increased, and is 
now recognized as one of the leaders in this branch of 
trade in Easton. The retail store and general salesroom 
is at the above location, and is an establishment well 
adapted for the purpose. The stock of Cigars, Smoking 
and Chewing Tobacco, Pipes and Smokers' Articles is 
large, and embraces the finest goods in the market. The 
factory is on Bank street, and gives employment to a 
large number of hands, who are occupied the greater part 
of the time in the production of Mr. Goldsmith's pop- 
ular cigars, known as the "Cherub" and "Ascension," 
the names of which are copyrighted. As an evidence 
of the excellence of the cigars manufactured at this 
establishment, it may be stated that aU goods made 
here find a ready sale in the city and through the sur- 
rounding country. Mr. Goldsmith is also a wholesale 
and retail dealer in Leaf Tobacco, and is prepared to 
offer small manufacturers every advantage in selecting 
their stock which they can obtain in the larger cities, 
guaranteeing quality and price. 

He is a native of Germany, and has been in this coun- 
try about twenty-five years. Personally he is a gentle- 
man of genial disposition, enterprise and integrity. 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



a 



TIFPETT & WOOD, 

Boiler Maker.s, Tank and Bridge Buildehs, 

i'hii.lipsburg, n. j. 
riiillipsbiirg, althongh not strictly in the Lehigh 
Valley— being divided only by the Delaware river, its 
interests are in a great measure conneeted witli it, and 
in its limits are some of the leading nuiuufaeliires in 
this part of the counti-j', among these being the firm 
of Tippctt & Wood, Boiler and Tank Makers and Bridge 
Builders. These works were founded in 1858 by Kent 
& Seides, and were conducted by them for J3 years, 
when they were succeeded by Jacob Tippett. In 1872 
the present lirm was organized, and the character and 
extent of the business largely increased. The plant 
covers a space of ground, 250x150 feet on which are 
erected a number of buildings, consisting of the boiler 
works, .50x50 feet, in dimensions, to which is joined the 
riveting fooni; machine shop 35x.50 feet, and o stories in 
height, and the forging department, 30x50 feet, supplied 
with all the latest and most approved machinery and 
appliances, driven by powerful engines, and in which 
96 workmen are employed. The productions of the 
works are boilers, tanks and iron bridges. Steam 
boilers are a specialty of the firm, large numbers of 
which are turned out annually and shii)ped to various 
parts of the country. As bridge builders they are well 
known and have achieved a reputation, and specimens 
of their work may be seen at Newark, N. J., over the 
Musconeteong River, at Hughsville, N. J. and at Elmira 
on the Erie Railroad, where they have erected a high 
truss bridge for that company. The location of the 
works affords every facility for receiving and shipment 
of freights, being connected with the Lehigh Valley 
Railroad by a siding and directly on the Lehigh Canal. 
Mr. Jacob Tippett the senior member of the firm, was 
born in Dowlais, Wales, in 1820, but has lon'g been a 
resident of the United States. *He is a practical boiler 
maker and machinist and was formerly engaged in this 
branch of business in Harrisburg, Pa. Mr. J. W. Wood 
is a native of Ncav York, where he was born in 1834. He 
is the proprietor of the Easton daily and weekly Pi-ee 
Press, a director of the Phillipsburg Stove Works, and 
also of the I'hillipsburg Gas Works. As a representa- 
tive establishment, the firm of Tippett & Wood hold a 
high position, not only from the many evidence of their 
skill to be seen in various parts of the country, but also 
from the prompt and systematic method adopted in all 
their transactions. 



JOHN P. HOFF, M. D., 

Physician and Druggist, 131 Northampton 
Street. 
Dr. Hoffwas born in Easton, and is an accomplished 
physician, enjoying the respect and esteem of the pub- 
lie. The drug store, of which he is now the proprietor, 
was established in 1835 by his father, who conducted 
it successfully until his death in 1864. Immediately 
after the father's decease, the son assumed the control, 
and has since continued it in addition to attending to 
his practice. The store is about 20x50 feet in dimen- 
sions and contains a full and judiciously selected as- 
sortment of drugs, chemicals, proprietary medicines, 
fancy and toilet articles, domestic and foreign per- 
fumes, «&c. An important feature of this establishment 
is the carefully attended prescription department,which 
is directly in charge of tlie Doctor, assisted by a com- 
petent gentleman. Dr. Hoff makes a specialty of treat- 
ing inllamatory rheumatism, and in his practice has 
been very successful. In his studies he made special 
research into the treatment of this disease, under Prof. 
Gore, of Jefferson Medical College. He discards 
entirely the treatment by Salicylic Acid, so generally 
liscd, as in his judgment this treatment has a tendency 
to produce disease of the heart. 



I'HILLIPSBURG STOVE WORKS, 

Office and Foundry, Piiim-ipsbitrg, n. J. 

In decanting upon the manufacturing icsources of 
the Eastern end of the Valley, the Phillipsburg Stove 
Works, located at Phillipsburg, N. J., attracted atten- 
tion as rightly belonging to our work, though lying 
somewhat beyond the geograhical confines of the Le- 
high Valley. They are emphatically an Easton enter- 
prise, and as such should fuid a place in the review of the 
Valley. They occupy a desirable plot of ground along 
the river Delaware, and in immediate connection with 
the Belvidere Railroad. The works were started in 
1870 by a stock company, under whose control they are 
at the presi'ut time, and consist of seven buildings : 
foundry, mounting room, pattern shop, macliine shop, 
warehouse, wareroom and office, all substantially buUt 
and conventent in their appointments for the purpose 
intended. The power for the machinery is derived 
from a twenty-horse power oscilating engine, and the 
works now give employment to twenty-eight handSi 
many of whom are particularly skilled in the manu* 
facture of stoves. This company, in the eleventh year of 
its history, has won an cn^'lable position in the mar- 
kets of the country, and their productions have taken 
the front rank for sui)erior quality and finish. 

They are the patentees of several first-class stoves, 
among them being the " Model Cook," which is one of 
their latest and best cook stoves, possessing in its man- 
ufacture superior merits as either an anthracite or bi- 
tuminous coal or wood burner. The "Delaware Cook,'' 
and "Warren Range" are also of their patent, and in 
their finish are models of convenience and beauty. 
They manufacture all kinds of cook, office and parlor 
stoves, sinks and general castings, and annually pro- 
duce about four hundred tons of finished castings. 

The executive offiers of the company are Mr. John 
Eyerman, President; Mr. H. E, Harmony, Superintend- 
ent; Directors, Messrs. John Maxwell, President of the 
Fire Insurance Company of Northampton County; B. F. 
Riegel, of RiegelA Tinsman; J. M. Hackett, member of 
State Legislature; W. E. Bushman, Dentist, and J. W. 
Wood, of the firm of Tippett & Wood. All of them are 
well known and highly esteemed citizens. 



L. ROSENBAUM, 

French Milliner and Ladies Furnishing Goods, 
No. 407 and 409 Northampton Street. 
The ladies of Easton find in Mr. Rosenbaum's estab- 
lishment a want long felt by them, where could be pro- 
cured such articles, as feathers, flowers, etc., and where 
a stock of these articles are kept, which for extent and 
variety compare favorably with those of the larger 
cities. When Mr. Roscnbaura began this business in 
1869, he did so with a full determination to keep such a 
stock of goods that no one could fail to appreciate it, or 
make a selection, and that he has t)een successful is 
amply demonstrated by the fact of his largely increas- 
ing sales, and the great popularity of his establish- 
ment. In his stock all the most elegant and beautiful 
flowers and feathers, of both French and American 
production, are always to be obtained, and a full assort- 
ment of all the most fashionable and stlyish Hats, Bon- 
nets and Millinery Goods of every quality, and de" 
scfiption. 

Mr. Rosenbaum is a young man, thoroughly con- 
versent with the wants of his patrons, and always 
keeping his stock of goods up to a high standard has 
made his store the most popular one of the kind in 
ICastou. He is polite and courteous and give hia un- 
di\'ided attention to the business. 



02 



IlESOURfJKf? OF THE T.ETITOTI VAT.T,V/f. 



HKNflY B. SKMPLT!, 

WHOl.ESAI,H ANU RETAII, DEAT.ER IN DRUOfl, Med- 
ICINE>J, (;iIKMI(;A1.S, &C., NOS. 323 and 325 NOBTK- 

AJiPTON Street, 




The wl> ik'f^iilo druggist is a mudeiu associate among 
mercliants. Until the commeuccmjiit of the present 
century the apothecary could supply the wants of his 
locality. The merchant was the importer of large 
quantities of drugs among the miscellaneous articles 
of an unclassified commerce, and the apothecary pro- 
cured his supplies from the general importer. It was 
not until after the war of 1812 that drug merchants in 
the United States began to lay the foundations of what 
is at present an extensive business, and it was not un- 
til many years after the period that wholesale drug 
houses were known outside of the larger cities. Among 
the first houses in this section established for the pur- 
po.se, was that of Mr. Henry B. Semple, which was 
founded in 1855 at a stand a few doors below the pres- 
ent location. The concern is the largest in Eastern 
Pennsylvania, outside of Philadelphia, occupying the 
handsome four-story building at Nos. 323 and 325 North- 
ampton Street, which he erected in 1876, and at once re- 
moved thereto. This building is one of the architec- 
tural adornments of Easton, and is not only a monument 
to the enterprise and success of the builder, but reflects 
much upon the general business appearance of the town. 
It has a double front, extending back a depth of two 
hundred feet, 110 of which represents the length of the 
salesroom, and is one of the largest stores in the city. 
Among the stock may be found all the goods kept by a 
lirst-class metropolitan drug house, embracing all the 
varieties of pure and reliable drugs to be had in the 
market, besides a valuable selection of medical appli- 
ances and druggists' sundries of all kinds, descriptions 
and prices. There is also a department for Paints, Oils, 
Glass, Varnishes, White Lead, etc,, which are carried in 
large quantities, including many popular aud reliable 
makes. The business is conducted both wholesale and 
retail, Mr. .'-'emple having such facilities as to oiler goods 
at wliolesale at such prices as cannot be undersold by 
any other house in the city. His retail dex>artment is 
also admirably managed, every safeguard being used to 
prevent the possibility of an error, and is supplied witli 
all the latest requisites for conducting the business in a 
careful and systematic manner, requiring in the various 
departments seven hands. 

The head of the house, Mr. Henry B. Semple, was 
born in New Jersey in 1834, and came to Easton in 1851. 



He has been connected witli tTre Jrngf (rarTe Csr more 
than a quaiter of a century, and Ls also closely iiidetiti- 
fied with the material prosperity Of the <'ity, p.nd hm 
acquired an experience of llie most eotnpvehensive 
character, aud enjoys the highest esteem <>f t'fn> bitsi^ 
ness and social community, both in this city »«<! svJr- 
rounding country. He is also a diroctorof the fla-stotj 
National Bank. 



,TOHN CUMMINGS, 

BoTTLKR, Nos. 42 AND 4t SoTrrn Eront Street, 
The biMness of bottling lager, porter and tbemaim- 
facture of sarsaparilla and soda water has of late yeavi 
grown to one of importance, and the extent to which 
families are using tliese pleasant summer drinks is not 
generally recognized. Among tho.se engarjed in this 
btisiness in Easton, Mr. Cummings occupies a prominent 
position, and is the only one who bottles New York 
lager. He occupies a substantial and convenient build- 
ing on South Front Street, employing during the busy 
season a number of hands, ami gives the business his 
per.sonal supervision. His business was started in 1871,. 
and has grown from a small beginning to its present 
proportions solely by the standard quality of his bever- 
age.?. He bottles F. & M. Schaeffei'.-^ and X. Veiles cele- 
brated brands of lager, also porter, soda and sarsa- 
parilla, which he delivers in any desired quantity to 
private families, hotels and restaurants, throughout 
Easton and the surrounding country. His beverages 
have a wide reputation, which their excellence justly 
entitles them to, and Mr. Cummings' strict attention tcy 
business is a sufficient guarantee that this reputation 
will be maintained. 



WM. FULMER, 

Furniture, No. 14 and 16 South Fourth Street. 
Among.those engaged in the manufacture and sale 
of furniture in Easton ig Mr. Wm. Fulmer, who has 
been engaged in this special branch of business all his 
life. He began business at his present location in 1871, 
where he occupies a large building having a front of 
60 feet and a depth of 40 feet with 3 floors, divided into a 
wareroom and factory, in which he displays a line of 
fine pai'lor suits, chamber sets in maple, oak or walnut, 
and all other kinds of furniture suitable for the house- 
hold in prices and varieties to suit all tastes. He also 
gives .special attention to repairing and re-upholstering 
furniture. Furniture delivered within reasonable dis- 
tances free of charge. Mr. Fulmer's establishment is 
well known to the citizens of Easton and adjoining- 
country, from where a great portion of his trade is de- 
rived. He is a native of Easton, where he was born in 
1827. and at an early age learned the trade of a cabinet 
maker. As a citizen and business man he is popular, 
and has always fostered all enterprises that had a ten- 
dency to advance the prosperity of his native city. 

MAGEE BROS., 

Wholesale Jobbers of Segars, Tobacco, Fruits 
AND Vegetables, No. 124 Northampton Street. 

In the handling of Tobacco, Segars and Confection- 
ery, the firm of Magee & Bro. transact a large trade 
with Easton and the adjacent country. They began 
business in 1873 as a wholesale and retail grocers, but 
relinquished that branch to give more attention to job- 
bing tobacco, segars and confectionery, and the hand- 
ling of produce in season. They handle fruits, both 
foreign and domestic, vegetables, &c., and constantly 
keep six hands employed in packing and shipping goods. 

Mr. H. and J. C. Magee are young men, natives of N. 
J., who removed to Easton seven years ago, and by their 
energy and enterprise succeeded in establishing their 
business on a firm foundation and enjoy the confidence 
and esteem of a large class of the mercantile commu- 
nity. They are liberal, full of push, and are worthy 
the reputation they have attained. 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



63 



THEO. G. DAUB. 

Manufactui.er of Stone and Terra-Cotta 
Ware.Delawark !'ottkky,Phili,ipsburg. Office 
Corner Third and I-khioh Streets, Easton. 
The Delaware pottery, of PhilHpsburg, of which Mr. 
Theo. G. Daub is the proprietor, was established in 1881. 
The priiiciple line of production is Stone and Terra 
Cotta Ware, Rustic Work, Flower Pots, etc. Although 
the works have but recently been established, a very 
flattering and substantial success has been assured, 
which is highly gratifying to the energy and enterprise 
of Mr. Daub, who is deserving of the highest commen- 
dations for the spirit he has evinced in locating a fac- 
tory for producing artices that are always needed in a 
community, which are not only required for use, but 
also ornamentation. The articles turned out by him 
are of new and elegant designs, novel in conception and 
rich in decoration, and comprise figures, vases, rustic 
work, etc., for lawns and gardens and home adornment, 
flower pots, and many other novelties. Mr. Daub fur- 
nishes these goods direct to the trade, and with the 
facilities he has at command is at all times able to meet 
all the demands made upon him. In addition to the 
Pottery, Mr. Daub also conducts a well arranged Gro- 
cery store, at the corner of Third and Lehigh streets, 
established in 1873. In 1878 his brother, who was asso- 
ciated with him as a partner, withdrew, since which 
time he has conducted the business alone. The stock 
of goods comprise groceries, provisions, canned 
goods, vegetables, etc., all of which are carefully selected, 
and a large and lucrative patronage is enjoyed. 

Mr. Daub is a native of Easton, where he has always 
resided, and is well and favorably known as an upright 
and honorable business man. He was born in 1854, and 
is highly esteemed in the community. 



JOHN H. HAGERTY, 

General Hardware, Bpilders' Supplies, Etc., 

519 Main Street, Puili.ipsburg. 
The town of Phillipsburg is the location of several 
prominent establishments devoted to the retail trade, 
the leading house being that of Mr. John H. Hagerty, 
at 519 Main Street, where he carries on a general Hard- 
ware business. The house was established in 1870, at 
that time occupying a small building, and having at 
command but a moderate capital. By strict attention 
to business, Mr. Hagerty rapidly drew about him a large 
trade, which became too extended to be accommodated 
in the old quarters and he resolved to provide for him- 
self a commodious business house. In 1876 the building 
now occupied was erected, and in connection with the 
store house in the rear for hc&vy goods, he has the most 
extensive business house in the city. At the present 
time he carries a stock of Hardware, embracing every 
article that can well come under the head, and in such 
variety as to compete favorably with any establish- 
ment in Easton. He carries in stock a full line of 
Builders' supplies, and deals in all kinds of lumber at 
wholesale and retail. The planing mill work is all 
done at Whitney's Point, New York State, which has a 
capacity for 50 hands. Few houses carry so large or 
varied a stock as is found in this establishment. Five 
hands are employed, and the business each year is 
rapidly increasing. 

Mr. Hagerty is a native of the Keystone State, but for 
twenty-eight years has been a resident of Phillipsburg. 
His business qualifications and enterprise are well illus- 
trated in the building up of a business so e.steusive io 
the period of ten jearat 




FREEMKNSBURG. 



A DELIGhf FULLY SITUATED BOROUGH ABUNDANT RAILROAD AND HANAL 

FACILITIES A SHORT SKETCH OF THE TOWN FROM ITS ORIGINAL 

SETTLEMENT DOWN TO THE PRESENT YEAR. 



Reaching from Easton to Bethlehem, a stretch 
of twelve miles, takes the traveler through as fine 
a section of country as is his desire to look upon . 
The Lehigh river in graceful curves, pursues its 
course through the level and hilly lands alike, 
without even submitting to being questioned as 
to the proiiriety of its wanderings. Dotted upon 
both sides between the towns above mentioned, 
are numerous hamlets and villages, the leading 
one being the borough of Freemansburg, situated 
on the north side of Lehigh river, nine miles from 
Easton, and three from Bethlehem, and near the 
outlet of Saucon creek . The town occupies a very 
d sirable site, and near it is a plateau from which 
is obtained one of the finest views in the valley. 
The five hundred acre tract of land upon part of 
which the town is located, was purchased from 
the proprietaries by a Mr, Wister, a merchant in the 
city of Philadelphia. After Mr. Wister's decease, 
the tract stands in the assessment lists from 1760 
to 1790 : "Widow Wister, 500— valued, £50, by 
Nancy's Run." Thenameof "Nancy Run," which 
titill is used in the town, was derived, says 
Henry's "Lehigh Valley," from an old colored 
woman who lived about a half mile up the creek, 
and who was given to fortune telling. 

As early as 1816 the first bridge was built over 
the Leliigh, the art of incorporation being obtain- 
ed on the 29th of January, of that year. In 1841 
the river was visited by a severe freshet, which 
swept the bridge away, aUhough all others above 
iiud below withstood the waters. It was subse- 
quently rebuilt, and purchased by Jacob Free- 
man, after whom the borough was named 
when it was incorporated. Henry's "Lehigh 
A'allej'" says, "Previous to the completion of the 
Lehigh Canal, which passes through this place, 
the whole town consisted of a few farmers' 
houses. Some of the farmers used every 
means in their power to prevent the canal 



from being built on their land, using as one of 
their arguments, that tlie enbankment would pre- 
vent them from watering their horses at the river. 
Shortly after the completion of the canal, the 
ruined land was divided into building lots, and 
are now all built upon." Previous to the war 
the town was extensively engaged in the boat 
building business, and the industry added very 
much to the wealth and prosperity of its inhabi- 
tants at that time. 

Freemansburg was incorporated as a borough 
April 24, 1854, and in 1860 contained about 1,200 
inhabitants. Tke present population is about 
800, and these are- chiefly engaged in mercantile 
and agriculture, and are a quiet and industrious 
class of citizens. It is built principally upon one 
street, over a mile in length, each side being lined 
with neat and attractive private residences, many 
of them liowever, of considerable age, giving 
the town when viewed from the railroad on the 
opposite side of the river, quite an extensive ap- 
pearance. There is an air of quiet retirement 
about the town that endears it to its inhabitants, 
who recall to mind the activity of its more preten- 
tious neighbors without regret. It is well supplied 
with churches occupying prominent sites upon the 
main street, and the Odd Fellows have a hall of 
considerable size near the bridge that crosses the 
river. Good public schools are provided, and the 
intelligence of its people speak well of the atten- 
tion paid to this important essential. 

The Lehigh and Susquehanna Division of the 
New Jersey Central R. R., and the canal of the Le- 
high Coal and Navigation Company, pass through 
the town, while the Lehigh Valley Railroad oc- 
cupies the opposite side of the river, upon both 
roads frequent trains East and West, giving 
ample facilities for reaching any point. A cov- 
ered bridge, across tlie river, connects both sides, 
and virtually gives the borough two railroads. 



REPOUKr-KS OF Till-: LKiriOII VALLEY. 



65 



N"ear Freemansburg is located a blast furnace 
for the production of pig iron, belonging to the 
Bethlehem Iron Works, and to the east of the 
town there are extensive lime kilns, as well as 
two flouring mills, saw mills, etc. Two hotels, 
"Freemansburg" and "Willow Grove," situated 
at each end of the main street, give ample and 
comfortable accommodations to the traveler, and 
during the summer months ai'e well tilled by 



tourists who visit the many attractive points of 
interest in the vicinity. 

Below appended, are the representative busi- 
ness houses and industries of P'reemansburg, and 
it is but justice to say that its close proximity to 
Bethleliem has drawn a very considerable portion 
of its trade to that town. The enterpri.ses men- 
tioned below are well worthy of the patronage of 
the residents of the vicinity. 



LUCKENBACH & BLASIUS, 

Freemansbuhg Mills, Between Lehigh River 

AND Canal. 
The oldest flour mill hi Freoinansburg is that owned 
by Messrs. Luck-oulmch & Blasius, which was estab- 
lished more than 100 years ago. The mill is of four 
stories, excellently located ou a strip of land between 
the Lehigh river and canal. It has three run of stone, 
and all the modern appliances for manufacturing a 
superior grade of flour. Everything about the mills 
give indication of the superior management, and the 
greatest care is received in everj- department to keep 
the flour up to the standard of excellence. They daily 
produce about five tons of pure, white and uniform 
flour, which they place in the market with a guar- 
antee of its superiority. They derive the running 
power from a six feet Turbine water wheel, and employ 
several hands. The senior of the firm, Mr. William 
Luekenbach, is a resident of Bethlehem, and became 
associated with the Freemansburg mills in 18si. 

Mr. Blasius is a native of Germany, coming to this 
country when a small lad, and a resident of Freemans- 
burg for many years. He is a practical miller and is in 
•charge of the mills with which he has been associated 
since 1860. The firm have a flour and feed store in 
Bethlehem, where they control an extensive trade. 



PH. C. L. GROSS, 

Druggist, Main Street. 

One of the most attractive stores in Freemansburg, 
is that of Dr. C. L. Gross, located on Main Street, about 
two squares from the bridge crossing the Lehigh. He 
established the business in 1876, and occupies a neat 
double front store of forty feet in depth. A complete 
line of fresh drugs, medicines and druggists' sundries 
are kept on hand, and as the Doctor purchases his sup- 
plies from hou.ses of undisputed reputation, the purity 
of his stock can not be questioned. He is a graduate of 
Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, and associ- 
ates with the drug business that of practicing physi- 
cian. Personally superintending the prescription de- 
partment, his thorough knowledge of drugs and their 
action upon the system, nuikes him a very competent 
jjcrson to correctly compoiyid them, and he is univer- 
sally popular in the management of his business. As 
a physician he enjoys the confidence and respect of the 
comiuunity. 

Dr. Gross was born in Nazareth, Northampton County, 
in 18:5'.i, and at an early age began the study of medi- 
cine, giaduating from college in a most creditable 
manner. 'J'hirteen years ago he located at Freemaus- 
buig and at the present time fills the honorable posi- 
tion of Burgess of the town. He is a public spirited 
and euteri)iising gentleman, and thoroughly interested 
in the m < auuement and prosperity of the town of Ms 
adupiiou. 



W. E. ROBERTS, 

Dry Goods and Grocerie.*, Main Street. 

One of the popular stores of Freemansburg is the dry 
goods and grocery cstalilishnient of Mr. W. K. Roberts, 
who has been in business for several years. A full and 
well selected line of Dry Goods and Notions, and choice 
and fresh Groceries are kept con.stantly in stock. His 
bu.sincss is continually growing, embracing in every- de- 
partment a full variety, and of such quality as to" en- 
hance his trade. The store is of good size, and well 
adapted lor the successful carrying on of the business. 

Mr. Roberts is a young gentlemen of enterpri.se, pos- 
sessing a force and tact that is indispensible in the 
struggle for success. He is an upright business man, 
and one of the rising men of Freemansburg. 

GEORGE FROSTHOVEL, 

Saddle and Harness Maker, Main Street. 

An indispensible establishment to a town is that de- 
voted to the manufacture of Harness. In March, 1881, 
Mr. George Forsthovel established himself in the bus- 
iness, and the marked success with which he has met 
is a guarantee that his efforts are appreciated. He 
claims a full and complete stock of all kinds of light 
and heavy harness, which is all made by hand under 
his own supervision, none but the best materials being 
u.sed, and the workmanship guaranteed. His stock em. 
braces eveiything in the .special line of horse goods, 
and it is his aim to keep a supply the equal of houses 
of larger towns. 

Mr. Forsthovel is a native of Freemansburg, a 
thorough practical and competent harness maker, who 
guarantees to give satisfaction to all. He is reliable in 
his deahugs, and being a prudent, assidious and 
prompt man of business, has secured an active and 
lucrative trade. 



JOHN A. GEISINGER, 

"Nancy Run" Mills, Main Street. 

The "Nancy Run Mills" are known far and near for 
their excellent manufacture of flour. They were estab- 
lished in 1871 by the present proprietor, Mr. John A. 
Geisinger, who has in a period of ten years built up a 
large and successful business. The building is sub- 
stantially erected of brick, four stories in lieiglu, and 
contains three run of stone, an eighteen ineli Turbine 
water wheel furni.shiug the power. In addition to the 
flour bu.sincss, Mr .Geisinger conducts a saw mill. This 
is supplied with two circular and one up-aud-dowu 
saws, the whole being driven by an engine of forty 
horse power. A large amount of lumber is annually 
handled, the close proximity of the railroad and canal 
making the receipt shipment of this of great conven- 
ience. 

Mr. Geisinger is a native of Freemansburg, He is an 
active and enterprising business man, and has done 
much to add to the business of his native town. 



BOROUGH OF BETHLEHEM. 



HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE REVIEW OF THE TOWN FRO:sr ITS SETTLEMENT 

TO THE PRESENT TIME A PROMINENT RAILROAD AND BUSINESS 

CENTRE ITS MANUFACTURING AND MERCANTILE INDUSTRIES. 



On the north side of the Lehigh river, fifty-four 
miles from Philadelphia, and twelve miles above 
Easton, is situated one of the neatest and most 
attractive towns in the State, and in all its govern- 
ment probably one of the quietest. The borough 
of Bethlehem also occupies both banks of the 
Monocacy creek, that at this point adds its pure 
water to its more turbulent neighbor, the Lehigh. 
It is probably due to the excellent water, more 
than any other one thing, that attracted its first 
settlers, and caused them to build their houses 
at this most delightful spot. It has always been 
the principal settlement of the Moravians, or 
United Brethren in the United States, and for 
an entire century retained the principle of its 
original organization, to wit, the exclusion of all 
persons who were not members of the Church. 

THE EARLY SETTLEMENT. 

As early as 1735, the Moravians directed their 
attention to the New World, forming at that time a 
colony in Georgia. Adverse circumstances induced 
them to leave that and accept an offer made them 
from the Rev. George Whitefield, to aid him in 
improving a tract of land he had purchased in 
Pennsylvania, called Nazareth, by him; but a 
difference of opinion terminated the engagement 
after working some few months. At this junc- 
ture, 1740, a respectable merchant offered to sell 
tliem a piece of land at the present site of Bethle- 
hem, and David Nitchman arriving in 1740, 
with a company of bretliren and sisters from 
Europe, they resolved unanimously to purcliase the 
tract of land offered them, and make a permanent 
settlement there. It was a wild forest, at a dis- 
tance of over fifty miles from the nearest town, 
and only two houses occupied by white people, 
about two miles up the Lehigh, in all this region. 
No other dwellings were to be seen in the whole 
country, except the scattered huts or wigwams 
of Indians. 



A party of Moravian brethren left Nazareth,, 
(where they had been engaged since April in the 
erection of a large building for George Whitefield, 
and intended by him as an asylum and a school for 
negroes,) on the 22d of December, 1740, and com- 
menced felling trees on the new purchase, now 
the site of Bethlehem. According to a gravestone 
in the burial ground, the first house was erected 
by David Nitchman, which was early in the 
spring of the year 1741, and it stood until 1823, 
when it was removed to make room for the stables 
of- the Eagle Hotel. September 28th, the same 
year, the corner stone of the second house 
was laid with considerable ceremony for the 
infant settlement, and "by Bishop David Nitch- 
man, in the presence of seventeen brethren and 
visitors, whose names, inscribed on parchment, 
were deposited in the stone." For many years 
this house was occupied by the Bishop who 
transacted the business of the settlement. 

NAMING THE TOWN. 

Tlie name, Bethlehem, was derived from the 
following circumstance: "Count Zinzendorff, a 
Saxon nobleman of wealth and great talent, and 
of the Moravian faith, arrived in New York in 
Noveniber, 1741, and came to Bethlehem in 
December, and in this house the celebrations of 
nativity of Jesus Christ took place on the 24th 
of the month. This celebration suggested to tlie 
Count a name for the new settlement, and it was 
accordingly called Bethlehem." June 2.5, 1742 
after the arrival of another company of colonists, 
the congregation was organized, there being 127 
Moravian brethren and sisters present. 

FEATURE OF THE ORGANIZATION. 

The prominent features of the organization 
consumated on the 24th of June, 1742, and men- 
tioned above, were — 

Firstly. An entire coincidence with the doctrines 
of the Moravian Chiirch in Germany. 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



67 



Secondlif. The like disposition oftlie sexes and 
-various conditions of life into classes or "choirs, " 
as was usual in the German congregations— who 
resided in separate houses, and each in charge of 
a special s[)iritual adviser. 

TfiinUi/. Keeping holy both Saturday and, Sun- 
day. This was a deviation from the custom of 
tlie Moravian Church in Germany, and was here 
introduced by Zinzendorff, as he held tliat the 
o«.pniinand to keep holy the Sabbath did not apply 
To the Sunday ; but as he reverenced the Sunday 
in cunimcmoration of the resurrection of Christ, 
therefore he considered that Christians were under 
<iVjligation to keep both, and abstain from all un- 
necessary secular employments on both days. 

Foarthly. This feature was peculiar to Bethle- 
hem. That after the example of the first church 
of Christians at Jerusalem, all the proceeds of 
labor were to be put into a common stock. This 
communist system was called "an economy." 

"The doctrinal belief of the Moravians has 
always been a vciy undefined and unsettled one. 
They constantly avoid argument or dispute on 
these points. The distinctive features are pre- 
eminently of a moral, practical, and social char- 
acter, by which, indeed, they are widely distin- 
guished from most other denominatins. They 
profess to receive the Augsburg confession as the 
clearest statement of their belief and hence, in 
absence of any creed of their own, they point to 
that as the one which conies nearest to their 
views." 

THE "economy." 

At the time of the promulgation of the above, 
t.he "economy" was instituted, and it continued 
for a period of twenty years. This "economy" 
was the holding in common of all property, and 
during its continuance the fathers and mothers 
being constantly at work, their children were 
taken from them, and placed in large houses or 
nurseries, where they were cared for by old or dis- 
abled brethren and sisters. At a very early age 
these children were put to work, and great care 
•was taken to keep them free from everything that 
Jjad the least semblance of evil. 

March 10, 1746, the residents of the settlement; 
petitioned the Bucks county court, (Northampton 
county not then being set off,) for the formation 
c» Betlilehem townsldp, and the petition was 
-granted, but it was not surveyed before 1762. In 
1752. .Vorthami)ton county was formed, and the 
Jiew township being included in the area, was a 
]>art thereof. 

At the time the "economy," or the system of 
ctmimon property, was discontinued in 1762, the 
congregation was in ]iossession of the following 
land : Betldehem, Allen and Lower Sauct>n town- 
-yiiips, 3,700 acres ; Nazareth tract, 5,000 acres; 
Friedensthal tract, 2()<t acres, or a total of 8,960 
acres. Of this, there were cleared on the Nazareth 
tract, 1,223 acres; Bethlehem, 532 acres; Allen 
-and Lower Saucon, 500, or a total of 2,257 acres. 



Until 1828 it was the practice not to admit 
more than one person of any trade in the Mora- 
vian towns in the United States, and for this 
reason there was but one store and tavern in each 
place, and these were owned, as well as several 
otiier branches of trade, by the Society until the 
present century, the last property sold by them, 
being the Sun Hotel, at Bethlehem, which was 
done in 1848. 

THE FIRST HOTEL. 

Upon the site of the Lehigh Valley and North 
Peiin's old depot on the South side of the river, 
was built the first hotel, the "Crown," in 1743. 
This hous^e was kept by the ferryman, and con- 
tinued to be a tavern until 1794, when the bridge 
was built, and it was converted into a farm house. 
This bridge was the first over the Lehigh river, 
and it remained there untilJanuary 8, 1841, when 
it was carried oft' by the flood. The covered 
bridge that now spans the river at this point, 
was erected in that year to take its place. The 
Sun Hotel was first built in 1759 or 1760, and at 
the present time (1881) it still has its hospitable 
doors thrown open to the public. Under its por- 
tals liave entered our beloved Washington, John 
Adams, and almost every other President oi" the 
United States, down to James Buchanan. Nearly 
all of those patriots who signed the Declaration 
of Independence have been in it ; the greater 
number ( if the Generals of the Revolution ; Dukes 
from France and Peers of England, have dined or 
suppered here. Most persons of note of the United 
States have graced it with their presence. It is 
one of the most famous hotels in all the land, 
and though muc-h improved and modernized, has 
still enough about it to remind all beholders of 
the good old times when houses were fortresses, 
as much designed for protection from without as 
for comfort witliin. 

Soon after the commencement of the town, 
several industries wiere started, the most lucrative 
being the fulling-mill, tannery and pottery. After 
them came others and many of them were the first 
in the county. In 1762 they had the first print- 
ing otfice but it continued but three years in the 
settlement, and was then removed to Philadel- 
phia. 

THE KEVOLUTIOKARY WAR. 

During the Revolutionary War. by order of 
General Washington, the general hospital of the 
army was removed to Bethlehem, and a large 
number were cared for in 1777 and 1778. In con- 
sequence of the removal of the hospital, Bethle- 
hem was visited by many persons of distinction, 
prominent among them being General George 
Washington, Marquis de Lafayette, Count Pulaski, 
John Adams, and John Hancock. 

After the closing scenes of the Revolutionary 
War, Bethlehem again settled down to its usual 
quietness, and the inhabitants returned to their 
various vocations with activity, and they rapidly 
grew in population and importance. 



«8 



EESOURCER OF THE T.EIITr;iT VATJ.EY. 



In 1844 the so-callerl "lease system" was abro- 
gated, a measure which led to the sale of town 
lots, on ground rents, to persons of other denom- 
inations as well as Moravians. In 1845thetown 
was incorporated as a borough, and since then it 
lias-more than doubled its population, 
li Kill r.i: HEM IN 1857. 

An extract from tlie Bethlehem Snuvenicr, pub- 
lislied in 1857, will give an interesting description 
of the town at that time. "Whoever has visited 
Betlileliem must have been struck with tlie 
uniijue aitjicarance of the venerable pile (viz., the 
'old row' east of Moravian Church), built in a 
style of arciiitecture so different from what is 
met with in this country, even in settlements 
which have their origin more remotely in the 
past than Betlileliem. The hip roofs and double 
row of dormer windows, the massive masonary 
suported by heavy buttresses, and the curiously 
wrought lielfry capping the centre, are so many 
features borrowed from the manor houses and 
churches of the European homes of our forefa- 
thers. This comjiact assemblage of buildings 
constituted in itself, for a number of years, the 
entire settlement. In it lived all the divisions of 
the congregation. Of the log building at the west 
end mention has been already made. The 
wing was next completed in 1751, its upper 
floor constituting the public- place of worship 
(consecrated July 10th, of the same year), and 
the lower a common refectory. The centre was 
built as early as 1743 ; it contained a kitchen 
below and dwelling rooms above. The portion 
to the right, whicli forms the third side of the 
square, was built at different times, a pai"t in 1744 
and a part in 1752. The latter stands cm the 
corner of the square, and was originally intended 
for the young men or 'single breathren.' The 
extreme east wing dates back as far as 1773 (these 
two last mentioned are at present the houses for 
'single sisters'). On the removal of the 'single 
breathren,' in 1748, to their new 'choir house' 
(the present old school building of the Young- 
Ladies' Seminary), the entire eastern portion of 
the edifice was assigned to the young Avomen or 
'single sisters.' The erection of such spacious 
houses in a new country naturally led to strange 
and erroneous surmises on the part of persons 
who were unaccfuainted with the regulations 
upheld by tlie brethren. The calumnious as- 
sertions that they were 'Papists in disguise' was 
impressed on the minds of many who, through 
ignorance, recognized in these houses veritable 
representatives of monasteries and nunneries. In 
our own enlightened daj^ they are those to be 
found whose imperfect ac(juaintance with the 
church of the United Brethercn and that of Rome 
leaves them unable to discriminate between the 
usages, customs, and spirit of the two." 

At the time of the writing of the above, 1857, 
one hundred and seventeen years after the first 
tree had been felled on the site of Bethlehem, the 



town (ontaineil about four thousand irihabitants. 

BETnLEIIICM .VT TUU PRESENT TIME. 

At jircsent it is a thriving borough of nearly 
six thousiuul inhabitants, and not including tlie 
town that has sprung up on tlie soutli side of the 
Lehigh river, now known as the borough of 
South Bethlchciu, which of itself has a popula- 
tion of over two thousand. That the town of 
Bethlehem is admirably situated, all will admit 
who have ever visited it, and have had an oppor- 
tunity to view with leisure the surrounding.— 
The town of to-day is very different from that of 
thirty years ago. Railroads reaching it have 
bestowed upon it all the attributes of an impor- 
tant junction. The traveler who arrives after 
nighfall will be startled by the angry tongues of 
furnace flame, shooting athwart the sky. He 
will catch momentary glimpses of active groups 
of lialf-naked men through the arched walls of 
the iron and steel works, and note the sickly hue 
of sulphurous fires at the zinc works beyond, 

A visitor well says: "It is fortunate however, 
that these great industries and the railroad depot, 
together with a prosaic modern borough of work- 
men's houses are placed altogether upon the 
southern side of the river, leaving the old town 
opposite undistvirbed in the possession of its rich- 
ness of antiquated Moravian landmarks. The 
other half has grown, to be sure, and lias its due 
proportion of fine moderau structures, but never- 
theless, the moment one crosses the ancient cov- 
ered bridge, spanning the river, he feels as though 
in a different atmosphere, carrying the mind back 
to the days when this little hamlet was the fron- 
tier post of the colonies, and held hourly watch 
with vigilance against the approach of implacable 
savages." 

Another visitor speaking of Bethlehem, uses- 
the following language: "When I first knew 
Bethlehem it was inhabited exclusively by Mora- 
vians, and was in all respects, unique. The 
houses, for the most part, were built of stone, 
long low, one-storied structures, ancient looking 
and quaint, with internal arrangements altogeth- 
er in keeping with the mode of life of a frugal, 
simple and almost primitive peojile. There was 
no push then and no pushing, no opportunity 
for invidious comparisons between wealth and 
property, but apparently an equitable apportion- 
ment of this world's goods — a feature in their cor- 
poration which enabled the industrious, steady, 
music-loving Moravian of that day to live in an 
enviable condition of competency, content and 
happiness. New Bethlehem, as the moderen 
borough may be called, by way of contrast with 
the Bethlehem of former days, is a compactly 
built town— well laid out — its streets enbowered 
with trees, and its places of busine.ss and private 
residences indicating good taste and refinement, 
as well as substantial thrift. Excepting a cluster 
of heavy, stone structures in the vicinity of the 
Moravian Church, which the Moravians erected 



RESdUKr-ES OF THE LEIIKJII VAT,T,EY. 



69 



during the exishince of their economy, for the 
peculiar requirements of tlie fraternity, sneli as 
"The House of tlie Unmarried Woman," "The 
Flouse of tlie Sun Dial" and "The Asylum 
for Widows," structures which are almost as 
sombre-looking as the conventual piles of the 
Old World, all traces of the ancient system and 
mode of life have been obliterated." 

THE town's natural ADVANTAGKS 

The wealth which within the past fifteen years 
has centred in the Betlilehems, has been attracted 
principally by the coal aiul iron interests, situated 
on the line of the two great railways which con- 
iic<'t the anthra(4te regions of Carbon and liUzerno 
counties witii New York and Philadelphia, and 
in the heart of a valley which is proverbially 
rich in in)n ores and limestone, enterprise was 
not slow in selecting Eethlehenx* as a most desir- 
able point for the successful prosecution of trathc 
in those indispensable staples of modern civili- 
zation. 

THE LEADING INDUSTRIES. 

The largest enterprise located here are the ex- 
tensive works of the Betiilehem Iron Company, 
who occupy a large area along the south side of 
the river. They comprise a Bessemer plant, two 
large rolling mills, and eight blast furnaces, 
besides supplementary foundries and machine 
shops for construction and i-epairs. The extensive 
jtumps of the company, also supply the borough 
of South Bethlehem with water. 

The works were started in 1860, with the erec- 
tion of an iron rail mill, a puddle mill, and one 
blast furnace, and additional structures have been 
added at various times, as the increasing trade of 
the concern demanded; all the buildings are tine 
ma.ssive stone structur&s, the length of the steel 
mill being 931 feet. Magnetic and hematite, 
domestic and foreign ores are used in these furna- 
ces. A large part of the ore, and all the limestone 
used, is mined by the (•omi>any in different parts 
of Pennsylvania, Xew Jersey, and New York. — 
The fuel used is antliracite and bituminous coal, 
and coke, the average cpiantity being 250,000 net 
tons per year. The total number of hands em- 
ployed during the year 1880, every department 
being in full operation for the full term of twelve 
months, was 2,800, to whom was paid in wages 
$1,270,710.39. The concern is one of the largest 
in the country, and po.sses.ses a full equipment of 
the most imjiroved appliances for iron and steel 
manufacture. The company's V""'idu(!tion for 
1S<S0, was as follows : Pit; anil skiegel iron, .S4,2(i3 ' 
tons; puddled bar, 12,27Utons; merchant iron, : 
l,214tons; merchant steel, 18,274tons; steel rails i 
87,920 tons ; making a total of 20.3,951 tons. | 

Another important industry, which at the time I 
of the writing of this sketcli was not workin-;, it I 



♦Bethlehem ftiid Sumli I'.ciliUlicm aw so closely re- 
lated, nlthouKh sepcratc iM.niinrli-. that tho writer" lia.s 
coiiiMiied the Iciwiis when s|n'iiUiiii; of tlic iiiiluslrics 
and udvaiilages of llu' cuimiiunily. 



then being about to change owners, is the Lehigh 
Zinc Company. This enterprise was started in 
1853, and until quite recently they procured the 
zinc ores fri>in the company's mines near the vil- 
liageof Friedensville, in Saucon valley, aboutfour 
miles south of Bethlehem. These mines are 
believed to be practically iiU'xhaiistible, but the 
great expense of working, owing to the influx of 
water, has k-d to their abandonment. Tlie pumjj. 
ing engine erected at Freidensville is remarkable 
as being the largest in the world. Ore is now 
brought by rail from New .Jersey. When run- 
ning full time these works employ a large num- 
ber of hands and have done much to increase 
the prosperity of the town. 

KMLKOAPS AND CANALS. 

Bethlehem's substantial }irosperity dates with 
the completion of the railriiads that now makes it 
one of the most important railroad centres in the 
valley. The Lehigh Valley Railroad occupies the 
South side of the river, and in connection with the 
North Pennsylvania Railroad (now leased and 
operated by the Philadelphia and Reading), oc- 
cupy a handsome union depot, and without ques- 
tion the tinest in the valley. The cars of the 
hitter, leavitig Third and Berks streets, or Ninth 
ami (Jreeti streets, Philadelphia, are run through 
to the West via. this depot, where they are coupled 
to trains on the Lehigh Valley road, and within 
a k'w hours are landed in Bntlalo, or any point 
in the great West. The long trains from the Le- 
high coal regions, via. the Valley Road, are 
divided at this ])oint for either Philadelphia or 
New York, as their destination'require, the form- 
er going to that city by the North Penn, and 
the latter by the Lehigh Valley to Amboy or 
.Jersey City. The union depot now contains, be- 
side the ticket offices of thg two companies and 
the usual waiting and retiring rooms, a well 
e([uipped restaurant, a very important feature at 
this point, where the transfer of passengers is un- 
iisiuilly heavy. The offices of the superintendent, 
assistant superintendent, and many other of the 
officials of the lichigh Valley Railroad, are loca- 
tetl in the Comi)any's building, east of the depot. 

Upon the North side of the river, and in the 
borough of Bethlehem, runs the Lehigh and Sus- 
c|uehanna division of the New .lei'sey Central 
Railroad, a well built, double track road. Like 
its opponent, the Lehigh Valley, it is a great coal 
carrying roail, and the ninnber of cars tliat daily 
pass through Bethlehem over its rails, is un- 
usually large. A covered bridge crosses the Le- 
high river, to the west of the old bridge, gives the 
ri>ad connection with the tw.i railroads upon tlie 
op[)osite side, and passengers coming down the 
valley over the L. and S., bound for Piiiladelphia, 
are carried over this bridge, and tlie car attached 
to the North Penn trains. The bridge also gives 
the road an outlet to the South for its coal and 
freight, via. the North Penn Railroad. 

The Lehigh and Lackawanna Railroad runs 



70 



RESOURCES OF THE LKlIKai VALI,i;Y. 



from Boflileliera to "Wind Gap," located in the 
ui>per portion of the county, and is the outlet for 
tlie great slate quarries at Chapman's, and in the 
vicinity. At the "Wind Gap" are some of the 
finest views in the country, and from the "Over- 
look Rocks," about seven hundred feet above 
Bethlehem, the counties of Northampton, Lehigh 
and Berks, and the distant heights of New Jersey 
are in plain view. 

This admirable system of railroads places Beth- 
lehem within CAsy and rapid communication 
with the outside world. Two hours and one hour 
and a-half, from New York and Philadelphia 
resjKK'tively, has done much to assist in the pros- 
perity of the community, and has been the means 
of attracting many to reside within its comfortable 
limits. 

The canal of the Lehigh Coal and Navigation 
Company passes through Bethlehem, and adds 
another lever to the desirability of the town as a 
location for manufacturing industries or enter- 
prises of any description. This canal was built 
many years before the railroads, and although 
robbed of much of its glory as a coal-carrying 
medium, is still an important factor to the busi- 
ness interests of the Lehigh Valley. 

THE PUBLIC AND PRIV.'^TE SCHOOLS. 

Henry's "History of the Lehigh Valley," pub- 
lished in 1860, thus speaks of Bethlehem's scliools 
of that day : 

"The Moravians have always been eminently 
successful in educating their youth, and training 
them to a high standard of excellence in the more 
useful branches. Their scIk lols are noted through - 
out tlio United States. The school for girls was 
first opened in Betlilehem on the 5th of January, 
1749, with sixteen scliolars, in the central build- 
ing of the old row, directly east of the Moravian 
church. Here the daftghters of the missionaries, 
of ministers of the Gospel, and of the Brethren of 
the settlement, were received from time to time. 
On the 2d of October, 1785, this institute was 
closed, and arrangements made in the house to 
receive pupils from abroad. In their quiet way 
the Brethren acquainted the public, through 
their friends, of the arrangement just completed 
for the reception of young ladies for education. 
Some time elapsed before it received a response. 
In 1786 the first application was made, which 
Avas soon followed by others from the West In- 
dies. New York, Connecticut, Maryland, and 
other States. Applications and admissions con- 
tinuing to increase, tiie principal suggested the 
expediency of erecting an additional building at 
an early day. The project was favorably enter- 
tained, and in August, 1789, its speedy execution 
finally agreed on. The building was located in 
the rear of the old row, and was completed in 
1791. In 1815 it was vacated by the Seminary, 
and in the early part of 1857 it was removed for 
the purpose of erecting on its site a building in 
which to hold the day school for the children of 



the Moravian con j;regation. Tlie pupils were 
transferred in 1815 into the old "clioir house," 
now known as tlie Seminary building, which was 
originally built for the single Brethren in 1747- 
'48. A large addition was made to this building 
in 1854, on the eastern end, and, a few years after- 
ward another addition was made on the western 
end." 

In 1836 there were three schools in operation in 
the borough of Bethlehem, employing six teach- 
ers, and more than probable this number was in- 
adequate to accommodate the school poinilation, 
as the directors, in 1837, decided not to admit 
any child beyond fcurteen years of age or under 
four. At about the same time agentleman named 
Bleck, "of classical education and ripe school ex- 
perience," established an academy for boys, and 
it continued for many years. In 1852 the school 
house on Wall street was erected, at a consider- 
able expense for tliat time, and subsequently it 
was enlarged and improved, but in 1870 it proved 
too small to accommodate the ciiildren of the town. 
Meanwhile, a building in the third ward, had 
been erected, and in 1870, the Franklin school 
birilding was dedicated, whicli is one of the largest 
and handsomest in the county, costing in all 
about $60,000. The school population of Beth- 
lehem are now well accommodated in the Frank- 
lin and Wall street schools, that well maintain 
the name that was early given to the town as an 
educational centre. 

The Seminary for Young Ladies, at Bethlehem, 
the mention of the establishment of which oc- 
curs in the extract above printel, now occupies 
extensive buildings on Main street, where it 
makes its turn into tlie business portion of the 
town. During the pa^^t three-fourths of a century 
more than six thousand of its alumnt^ have spread 
its reputation over all parts of the Union ; and it 
is upon the favorable opinion and matin-ed judge- 
ment of tliese that the school now chietly relies 
for its support. With tlie progress of society and 
the advancement o" s(i.\ C3, such solid additions 
and improvements have been made in the ac- 
(;omiiiodations and in the course of instruction 
as to keep the school upon a ])Osition of equality 
with the best institutions of tlie land ; while in 
the leading principles and modes of its govern- 
ment no material alterations have been made, 
from a conviction that the old .system best sub- 
serves the general welfare of its pupils, and the 
purpose of a sound education. 

A thorough and widely known institution is 
"Bishojithorpe," a boarding sciiool forgirls. which 
is pleasantly located in the suburbs overbooking 
the town and river. The grounds around about 
it are delightfully laid (mt, and the location posses- 
ses every essential for jironioting the comfort and 
health of those in attendance. Altliough under 
Episcopal management many pupils represent- 
ing other denominations are always upon the 
rollB. This institution is sustained by many well 



RESOUIU'KS OF THE LKIIKill VAI.LKY. 



71 



known gentleman, oliiefly citizens of ]5etlilelieni, 
"who arc organized as a board of trustees. All 
the branelies essential to tlK)rough education 
and ladylike acconii)lisliinent are taught by coni- 
]'erent specialists, and tlie faculty includes many 
very thorough instructoi"s. 

SOUTH BETHLEHEM SCHOOLS. 

When this portion of the Bethlehem tract 
became populated, the children were sent to the 
schools acrross the river, and it Was not until June 
1st, 1858, that the first school house wiis built in 
South Bethlehem. The building was 20x25 feet 
in dimensiojis, and so little was then foreseen of 
the growth -of the town and its ju-ospective re- 
quirements for school purposes, that a member of 
the school board on being asked if he considered 
the housesntliciently large, replied, "that it would 
be ample in size for the next twenty years." — 
But instead of twenty, it was only two years 
before a larger house became not only necessary, 
but indispensable, and a new and much larger 
one was built in 1860. Even this did not long 
meet the requirements, and in 1867 the Penrose 
school building was erected. In 1870 the Melrose 
school building was erected, and first occupied on 
the 11th of October, in the same year. The schol- 
ars are all graded, have increased in efficiency so 
much, that they at present occupy no secondary 
jiosition among the graded schools in the county. 

THE LEHIGH UNIVERSITV. 

The Lehigh University w.as founded in the year 
1866, by the Honorable Asa Packer, of Mauch 
Chunk. His first provision for the University 
consisted of a large grant of land in South Beth- 
lehem, situated on the gentle slope of the Lehigh 
mountain, about a quarter of a mile from the 
river. For the purpose of buildings, apparatus, 
etc., he appropriated the sum of SSOO.OOO. This 
was expended in the erection and furnishing of 
several extensive halls and residences for the pro- 
fessors. Since the first gift the founder added ad- 
ditional donations to carry out his plan of com- 
pletely establishing a scientific and literary insti- 
tiition, and at the time of his death they aggre- 
gated over one million of dollars. To this 
magnificent sum, he added a large amount by 
the will, and by other means provided for the 
entire success of his undertaking. 

The principal building, called Packer Hall, in 
honor of the founder, stands seven hundred feet 
from Packer avenue. It is of stone, and presents 
an imposing front, two hundred and thirteen 
feet long. At the western extremity is a belfry 
1/^wer, one hundred and twenty-five feet higli, 
•containing a very handsome double stair, the 
president's room, and the archive room, all fire 
proof. At the eastern end is a large advanced 
■wing, five stories high, in which are the principal 
lecture and recitation rooms. The central jmr- 
tion, eighty feet long by forty feet wide, contains 
-the museum, the drawing academy and a beau- 



ful chapel, with handsome clustered windows of 
stained glass. To the west descending the hill, 
are the residences of the president and professors — 
commodious houses, comporting architectually 
with the great hall. Eastward of Packer Hall is 
the new library building, a very handsome stone 
structure, skillfully arranged and caj)able of con- 
taining seventy thousand volume. Situated on 
Packer avenue, toward the eastern extremity of 
the grounds, are two capacious brick buildings — 
Christmas hall and Saucon hall— in which are 
dormitories for the students. West of Parker 
hall, is the Sayre astronomical observatory, i)re- 
sented tolhe university by Ilobert H. Sayre, Esq., 
a member of the board of trustees, and of the exe- 
cutive committee. It contains many valuable 
instruments, including an eiiuatorial telescope, a 
transit and a superior astronomical clock, in the 
use of which the students are fully instructed. 

Owing to the munificence of the founder, and by 
his expressed wish, tuition in all branches haa 
been declared free of charge. This extends the 
facilities for an education of the first class to 
many hitherto unable to take a university course, 
the student being only required to pay his board 
($4 to $5 per week), and provide his books, ma- 
terials, chemicals, etc. 

The Lehigh University is polytechnic in char- 
acter. After a common course, for all students, 
for a year and a half, in which is given the ele- 
ments any instruction necessary as a basis for 
all future study, the student enters according to 
his inclinations, one among several technical 
schools, viz : 1. general literature; 2. civil engi- 
neering; 3. mechanical engineering; 4. mining and 
metallurgy; 5. analytical chemistry. A special 
degree is conferred in each of the schools. The 
course is of four years, except that in the 
school of mining, which is four and a half years. 
The chemical laboratory in Packer hall is one of 
the finest and most complete in the country. 

The first president of the university was Henry 
Copple, L.L. D., who was appointed in 1866. 
He resigned in 1874, when he was elected pro- 
fessor of English literature and history. In 1875 
he was succeeded in the presidential chair by the 
Reverened John M. Leavitt, D. D. The list of 
instructors comprise a faculty of able men, each 
in charge of particular departments. 

The executive department of the University is 
controlled by a board of trustees of over thirty in 
number, who are represented by an executive 
comniittee of eight trustees, who meet monthly 
to conduct the general affairs. The Bishop of 
Pennsylvania is ex-officlo president of the board 
of trustees. 

Applicant for admission to the lowest classes 
must be si.xtecn years old, and of good moral 
character, and must pass an examination on the 
following subjects : arithmetic, complete; algebra, 
through equations of the second degree; geometry, 



72 



RESOURCES OF THE LEITTGII VALT.EY. 



six book.s; English grammar, geography and 
spelling. 

The Founder's Day is an annual occasion dedi- 
cated to tlie memory of the founder of the uni- 
versity — the late Hon . Asa Packer. Tlie exercises 
at this time draw together many prominent men 
from all j)arts of the country, who desire to do 
honor to the memory of that gentleman. 

THE CHURCHES. 

The history of the Moravian church is so inter- 
woven with that of Bethleliem that it is impos- 
sible to pvihlish the history of the one without 
that of the otiier. Among the church buildings 
now situated in the town, the Moravian attracts 
general attention. It stands upon an elevated 
terrace at the corner of Main and Church streets, 
and confronts the visitor upon entering the town. 
Within, as without, the same simplicity governs 
its adornments, but it has, however, many dis- 
tinguisliing features over that of other similar 
buildings. 

Bethlehem has a number of other church edi- 
fices, the greater part of which have been erected 
within the past quarter of a century. 

Unchanged by the hand of time, in the centre 
of the town, lies the Moravian graveyard. Here 
no costly monument mai'ks the rich man's grave, 
nor does neglect consign the poor man to oblivion. 
Here it is easy to learn the lesson of equality ; for 
side by side, buried according to age, rest the 
Bishop, the Indian, and the negro. The hori- 
zontal marble slab, resting above the remains of 
each, bears only the impartial record of their 
lives. To a stranger these grounds resemble a 
park or a garden, so neatly they are kept. Here 
at all times parties sit and stroll about, and the 
pleasures of earth do not api>ear to be overclouded, 
in the least, by the proximity of the grave. 

MUSIC AND PUBLIC HALLS. 

Ever since its earliest days, the town has given 
consider.able attention to music, and a review 
of the ditferent organizations since that time 
would prove of great interest, but limited space 
does not permit. There are several halls, which 
are used for lectures, concerts, and meeting i-oonis 
for the different societies, which of late years have 
been organized in tlie tow'n. 

WATER WORKS. 

February If), 1877, Messrs. Charles N. Bockel 
and Rol)ert Rau, a committee appointed by the 
borough council, re])orted to that body a histor- 
ical sketch of the Bethleliem Water Works, 
embracing many interesting as well important 
facts in regard to the tir.'^t water works of the 
State, and pro])al)ly the firet in the country, and 
from which the writer has been jirivileged to 
make extracts. 

The spring pouring its sparkhng tide from out 
its l)ed of magnesian lime stone, near the banks 
of the "Menagassi" is to-day, and has been ever 
since the .NToravian Brethren, in >rarch of 1741, 



made theiu a Iniuiblc home in the trackles.* 
forests, the source of water supply for Bethlehem. 
Situated at the foot of the hill, upon the declivity 
of which tlio first log cabin was erected by the 
zealous missionary jjioneers, it doubtless deter- 
mined to a great extent the location of the slowly 
growing settlement. Until 175-1-5 the water for 
the use of the community was distributed by 
water carriers or haulers, formally delegated for 
the purpose. In the Spring of 1754 Hans Chris- 
topher Christiansen commenced the erection of 
the first water works. The machinery was placed 
in a frame building, a few yards east of the oil 
and bank mill, whither the spring water was led 
by a conduit into a cistern. The pump was mado 
of lignum-vitse, and the water was forced through 
wooden pijjcs up the hill into a wooden reservoir 
or distributing tank built within the "little 
square." By June 20, the same year, the new 
arrangements was ready for trial, and worked for 
a while very well, but the continual bursting of 
the wooden mains caused great trouble, and 
these were subsequently substituted by lead pijtes 
imbeded in a cement of pitch and brick dust, laid 
in a, gutter of hard-burnt brick. 

Christiansen in 1761 commenced the construc- 
tion of more powerful machinery, which was 
placed in a two-story building erected for the 
purpose near the old structure, and this building 
still stands. July 6, 17t)2, the pump raised the 
water for the first time, and for many years 
attracted visitors from great distances to see it. 
The cost of the entire works, including the tile- 
covered stone building, was £514 IGs. 5d. The- 
distributing reservoir was a stand-pipe, a wooden 
tower, shingle roofed, which was built in "the 
little square," and from this point the water was 
distributed into cisterns or tanks which were 
built in the vicinity of the principal dwellings. 
In 1786 the gum wood rising mains were super- 
seded by lead pipes, and in 1796 the remaining 
pitch pine pipes were finally abandoned and 
those of lead substituted. Thus was maintained 
a very complete system of water delivery, a sys- 
tem whicii invariably impressed sojourners in. 
Bethlehem during the early days of the Repub- 
lic, with astonishment and admiration. 

In 1803 the Moravian Church was built on the 
ground occupied by the stand-pipe, necessitating 
its removal, and a second one was built, a short 
distance above. Iron pipes were introduced in 
1813, and were of unique construction, being 
packed at the connection witii leather and joined 
and tightened with screws or clamps by their 
fianged ends. The water towers was removed in 
1S32, as a reservoir had been constructed on what 
is now known as Broad street, capable of hold- 
ing ample supply of water for the settlement. 

By an act of Assembly, approved by the 
(iovernor of tlie Commonwealtii, Francis R. 
Shunk, Feb. 24, 1845, was aiitlriri/. 'd tlie incor- 
poration of the "Bctlilcliem Watei- Company,"' 



RESOURCKS OF TIIK IJIIIHUI VAF.l.KY. 



73 



tinder whose care and supervision tlio waters of 
the spring wore distributoil uiiiiircrniptcdly fur 
26 years, tlie company, moreover, haviiiji resnrte<l 
to steam power as a pumiMngairent in isus. 

The Broad street reservoir beeame useless in 
1871, and in the early S|)ring oftliat year the 
water eompany made overtures to the Borougli 
Council, lf)oking to a sale of the water works and 
the entire system of supply, ineludiiig a transfer 
of its charter j-ights, for the sum of .ii^O,;^!!, and 
the purciiase was made in the following May. 

Work was at onoe commenced upen a new 
reservoir, an iron tank, placed back of North 
street, east of High street, at a height of 149 feet 
above the waiter works, exerting tlicre a pressure 
of 80 feet to the square inch. 

In 1874 the machinery of the works was enlaged 
and brought to tlie more perfect state as it now 
exists. The second steam punip now introduced, 
consists of a double acting cylinder .of 12 inch 
diameter and 3 feet stroke. It raises 18 gallons 
of water at each stroke and distributes over 500,000 
gallons in 24 hours with the jiump making 20 
strokes per minute. 

The wooden conduit, which had for many 
years led the waters of the spring a distance of 
350 feet to the cistern in the water works building, 
was superseded by 18 inch iron pipes in 1874," 

In concluding their report the committee uses 
the following. "It seems eminently tit, in con- 
clusion, once more to refer to the spring near the 
"Menagassi," which has never, since the prinii- 
tive times of the dispensing Aquarii of 1742 until 
the present day, failed in the yield of its potalilo 
flood. Seasons of uncommon drought have 
diminished its flow, but then even it is calulated 
to furnish 777,700 gallons every 24 hours. The 
water contains carbonate of lime held in solution 
by free carbonic acid, but no magnesia, although 
coursing without doubt for a long distance 
through the magnesian limestone." 

The borough of South Bethlehem is supplied 
with plenty of good water, the pumps being lo- 
cated upon the property of the Bethlehem Ix-on 
Conqiany, and owned by them. This inimi>ing 
machinery is of very superior construction, 
and are ample t6 supply a population much 
larger than at present in the borough. The water 
is noted for its purity and health-promoting qual- 
ities, and, in fact, few localities are more desirably 
blessed in this important essential. 

GAS WORKS. 

The Bethlehem (Jas Company was chartered in 
1853, and the works erected during the same year, 
going into operation in .Fanuary, 1854. The cap- 
ital paid in was .$23,300, with the i)rivilege to in- 
crease to .$50,000. Pipes are laitl through<iut the 
town, and the streets are well lighted. 

The borough of South Betidehem is also light- 
ed with gas, the company being of more recent 
origin than that in the old town. 

NKWSI'Al'KUS. 

The first newspaper printed in Bethlehem was 



in 184.5, in tlieCiertnan language, and called Die 
Ihciir, and was pulilished by .Tulius Held. In 
1822, a monthly pamphlet, called The Mnrarin.n 
Church Miscfl/jiii'-i/, printed in Knglish, was pub- 
lished by the Society. In 1S53 the tirst English 
newspaper was printed, and called the Lehi'jk 
VaUcy Tiiaen, edited by E. II. Uaucli. This papcir 
was published for about five years, but finally 
wa^ discontinued. At the present time there are 
four papers, three in Bethlehem, and one in 
South Bethlehem : 

The Times, published every evening, exci'pt 
Sunday, by Godshalk & Co. estal)lished in IS(>7. 

Der Brueder liofachaffer. published weekly, 
German, -Moravian, Rev. A. II. Oester, editor ; 
Henry T. Cbuuler, publisher; established in 1><G7. 

^riiravln.ii, published weekly. Rev. A. L. Oester, 
editor; Henry T. Clauder, pul)lisher; established, 
18.56. 

Sfa>\ Soutli Bethlehem, published weekly, by 
Grim it Ilailacher ; established in 1879. 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

Bethlehem has now a very efficient fire depart- 
1 ment, and it is probably one of the olde.st in the 
country. In 1762 the Moravian congregation 
purchased in London, a hand engine at an ex- 
pense of £77. 12s. 2Sd., and it is still preserved as 
a curious relic. The department is well equipped 
with all necessary appiartenances for protecting 
and saving property, and the members are uni- 
formed in a neat and attractive manner. Though 
not often called into service, when needed do ef- 
ficient work. 

BANKING INSTITUTIONS. 

Being the centre of much wealth and business, 
Bethlehem has two first class banks — the First 
National and the Lehigh Valley. These possess 
ample capital and are very important factors to 
the success and convenience of the business and 
monied community. Both institutions occupy 
attractive buildings upon Main street, and are 
officered by competent and reliable gentlemen 

In South Bethlehem, the firm of E. P. Wilber 
& Co.. general bankei-s, occupy a large and com- 
modious building near the depot. 

HOTELS AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

In the length and breadth of the Lehigh Val- 
ley, no town can lay claim to better accommo- 
dations for the traveling jmblic than are to be 
found in Bethlehem. The time honored '"Sun 
Inn," and the modern and handsome Eagle 
hotel, are both thorough in every appointment. 
The latter has recently been rebuilt, and additions 
put to it, making it, with the very excellent 
furnishings within, one of the most attractive 
spots in this section of the State. 

Two miles to the southwest of Soutli Beth- 
lehem, among the hills, are the Lechauweki 
Springs, and at their fountain head a large and 
handsome hotel has been planted, and is now 
known as the "Lechauweki Springs Hotel." This 



74 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VAI.I.IIY. 



is a very popular resort for summer tourists, as are 
in fact, all the hotels of the two towns. 

LTpon the south side of the river is located the 
St. Luke Hospital, a free retreat for poor invalids 
of the region, and any persons, employees or 
otherwise, who may be injured by accidents upon 
the Lehigh Valley and other railroads of this 
section. This institution is liberally sustained 
by the employees of the railroads, and the com- 
I'anies, the latter, in the case of the Lehigh Val- 
ley road, giving as much more as is contributed 
by those in their employ. It has done much 
good, and owes its origin to the late Asa Packer. 

THE RIVEE. 

The Lehigh river at Behtlehem is attractive, 
and at many points romantic. Numerous pleas- 
ure boats float upon its bosom, and in many re- 
spects it is one of the chief attractions to the vis- 
itor. A short distance above the covered bridge, 
is situated Calipso Island, a very popular place 
for pic-nics and excursion parties. Above and 
around " Calipso" the Lehigh rushes along, and 
the music of its waters animates the study 
wliich nature here presents, and though unsung 
in verse, "The Island's" image is embalmed in 
the minds of thousands who have wiled away 
upon its delighted shore many a summer's day. 

Independent of the historic covered bridge 
that spans the river at the depot, a handsome 
oi)en iron bridge was built some fcM' years ago 
across the Lehigh a short distance east, and near 
tlie Betlilchem Iron Company's property. Across 
the Monocacy, at Broad street, there is also an 
iron bridge, from which, looking north and 
south, grand views are beheld. 

Bethlehem's stbeets and buildings. 

The love of cleanliness that has always per- 
vaded the town, is still one of its prominent and 
most inviting features. The side-walks are wiri<' 
\rell paved witli brick, aud in many ^i. ces 



with slate slalis, while the drive-ways are well 
made, nicely graded, and during the heated 
montlis thoroughly sprinkled, making them de- 
liglitful and substantial road-beds for the purpose 
for which they are intended. Througliout the 
whole town there lias been great care taken in 
the planting of shade trees, and the thoughtful 
citizens are now enjoying the natural results of 
tlieir labors. 

The principal thoroughfares for business pur- 
poses are Main and Broad streets, and these are 
lined on both sides, with substantial editices, well 
adapted for trade purposes. The private resi- 
dences, as a rule, are attractively built, and sur- 
rounded with abundant of yard room, grass and 
flower plots everywhere predominating. 

In South Bethlehem, though the greater part of 
the town is composed of the employees of the 
extensive industries located here, there are many 
handsome* residences upon what is known as 
"Fountain Hill," a gentle slope rising to the 
south from the depot. Many of these are sur- 
rounded with extensive grounds, laid out in the 
most elaborate manner. Here, also, they have 
an opera house, of dimensions and finish that 
towns of much larger population could well be 
proud of. 

CONCLUSION. 

The foregoing pages of the history of Bethle- 
hem are but a fractional part of what could be 
written of this historic old town, full of quaint 
and interesting incidents of tlie early struggles of 
the law-abiding and church-loving Moravians, 
who, though not in such proportionate strength 
in the town as years ago, have left their indelli- 
ble impressions upon the place, which has made 
Bethlehem of to-day so attractive to visitors. 
Those who have spent a season in its limits have 
been amply rewarded and ore always ready to 
nursue some new tlnead oi" interest that at alj 
tiin..i ^rcseiils iioelf. 




BETHLEHEM SND ENVIRONS. 



At tlie intersecting point of two prominent railroads, the one carrying the prodnct"? of tlie valley to 
the nit'trdjiolis of tlie nation — New York ; the other, performing a similar duty for the great 
manufacturing centre — Philadelphia, is located one of the most attractive boroughs of the Common- 
wealth of Pennsylvania — Bethlehem. In the midst of a territory peculiarly blessed in its adaptation for 
the production of the crops of mother earth ; along the line of two prominent arteries of traffic for 
the great coal country beyond — the Leliigh Valley and L. and S. Division of the New Jersey Central 
Railroads, and the teminal points of two other roads, the one — North Penn — the outlet for the valley 
to Philadelphia, and the other — Lehigh and Lackawanna — reaching into the rich agricultural districts 
and the slate quarrying section of Northampton county, has caused business to nestle down within 
the limits of the time-honored town, and making Bethlehem of to-day a place of much activity. 

Possessing superior natural advantages in the unexcelled location, having unlimited supply of 
water for both power and every-day use, high and healthfully situated, attractively built and well laid 
out with fine, wide and clean streets, Bethlehem offers to the lovers of activity in business life and 
comfort and ease in home surroundings, unsurpassed inducements as a place of location, for either 
manufacturing or mercantile enterprises. 

The two boroughs of Bethlehem and South Bethlehem are so closely allied in business, as well as 
location, in fact, distinction between them being rarely made, the publishers of this work have follow- 
ed in the course of others, and combined the two as one. 

JBelow will be found the leading interests— manufacturing and mercantile — of the towns, and the 
desirability of them as a producing and purchasing centre will be at once noticed by reading the sketches 
of the representative houses following : 



G. A. YOUNG. 

Hats, Caps and Gent's Furnishing Goods, No. 

GO South Main Street. 
Main Street, Bethleham, always presents an attrac- 
tive appearance, it being the le ading thoroughfare of 
the place, on which the general trade of the borough 
and to a great extent that of the surrounding country is 
transacted. There are several hat and cap establishments 
on this thoroughfare, whose enterprising proprietors 
vie with each other in making style and fashion, prom- 
inent among them is Mr. G. H. Young, propri3tor of "Ti- 
ger Hall." Mr. Young ba.'i been engaged in thisspeoial 
line of trade for some years, and now conducts the larg- 
estestablif^liment in Betlilehom, dealing Caps, Hats 
and Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods. This business was 
originally started by Mr. S. H. Young in 1870, and was 
succeeded to by the present proprietor in 1878, since 
which time he has greatly enlarged his facilities. The 
store has a double front and is 21x72 feet in dimensions, 
in which he has a carefully selected stock of choice 
goods in the most fashionable styles, suitable for all 
seasons, and the production of the best manufacturers 
in the coimtry. Four hands are employed in the store 
and every accommodation and c mvenicnce afforded the 
patrons of tlie house to make selections. Besides the 
general line of Hats and Caps, Mr. Young has also a 
full line of gentlemen's furnishing goods, such as Sliirts, 
Underwear, &c., of the best qualities and makes a 
specialty of Collars, Cuffs, Neckties, Hosiery and the 
numerous little articles required by gentlemen. 

Mr. G. II. Young was born in the vicinity of Bethle- 
hem in l!!v>4, and has been cugagcd in business since 
1878 on his own account. He is one of the most enter- 
prising business men in Bethlehem. 



WILLIAM NICKUM, 

Merchant Tailor, No. 38 Main Street. 

Among the popular merchant tailors of Bethlehem 
no one is more capable or competent to cut and make 
a well-fitting suit of clothing than Mr. WiUiam Nickum, 
who has been engaged in this business at his present 
location since 1862. The store is an extensive one, hav- 
ing a double front and is 20x72 feet in dimensions, well 
lighted and fitted throughout in the most elegant and 
tasteful manner, in which every facility is afforded the 
patrons of the establishment to make selections from 
the large and varied stock of stylish and seasonable 
goods of both home and foreign production. Mr. 
Nickum is a practical cutter of many years experience 
and has long been engaged in cutting to the wants 
and taste of all classes of the community, and has 
succeeded in giving the hightest satisfaction to all, 
even the hard to please, and the most fastidious. 
Some idea of the character and extent of the bu-siness 
as conducted by Mr. Nickum can be gained when it is 
stated that twenty-six skilled work people are emploj-- 
ed by him in making garments to order for his trade. 
He has gained a high reputation for the character 
of his workmanship, perfect fit, and reliable character 
of all work, and his services are always in demand by 
those who take pride in being well dressed. 

Mr. Nickum was bom in the immediate vicinity of 
Bethlehem, and is one of the most prominent citizens 
of Northampton County; liberal ; enterprising and al- 
ways alive to the interests of the borough. He was 
for years a member of the borough council, a pwsitioa 
which he held with dignity and honor to himself and 
to the satisfaction of bis constituents. 



76 



RESOURCES OF TilE LEHKIII \' ALLEY. 



OOIH & WOLLMUTH, 

Designers and Decorators, Paper IIangeks 
AND Fresco Painters, No. 7 North Main Street. 
.\iuong the most interesting of the inauy attractive 
establishments in Bethlehem, that conducted by Messrs. 
Goth & Wollmuth is probably the most popular with 
all classes of the community. These gentlemen are 
thorough artists in their line of business, and as de- 
signers and decorators their .services are constantly in 
demand, not only by the residents of this vicinity, but 
&!»<< from all sections of the Lehigh Valley, through 
Central New Jersey and from Philadelphia. They 
make large contracts for Painting, Paper-Hanging, 
Fl-esco Work, and the general decorating of Public 
Buildings, Halls, Banks, Private Residences, Churches, 
Ac, and employ only experts and first-class artists in 
each of these branches of their business. Their repu- 
tation has extended to many sections of the United 
States, and as an evidence of how their skill is appre- 
ciated it is only necessary to mention that the interior 
furnishings and decorations in the capitol at Harrisburg 
is the work of these artists, and they are now engaged 
in the same kind of work in highly embellishing the 
interior of the Thousand Island House, on the St. Law- 
rence river, one of the most popular summer re-sorts in 
the country. In various parts of the United States 
Tlie firm have given the finishings to more than seventy- 
two churches, all of which have been favorably com- 
mented upon as being elegant, chaste and artistic. 

These gentlemen are pure lovers of their art and 
possess the happy faculty of originalizing designs, ar- 
tistic in conception, and combining colors and shades 
beautifully blended, and forming a tont ensemble at 
once novel, striking and effective. As artists in fresco 
they rank with the best in the country, and as origina- 
tors of artistic and elaborate designs, are unsurpassed. 
The business now conducted by the firm was originally 
established in 1858 by Anthony Goth, and was contin- 
ued by him until 1879, with one or two changes in firm 
name of no material importance, when it came under 
the control of the present proprietors, under whose ju- 
dicious management the business has been greatly in- 
creased, and now in the different branches seventy 
skilled artists and workmen are employed. In the 
store and salesroom, a full line of all kinds of wall 
papers and those for interior decorations, can always 
Tje found, comprising plain and ornamental Wall Papers, 
Dadoes, Friezes, Borders, &c., and an endless variety of 
rich and elegant Fine Art Hangings, Embossed Papers, 
&c., of the most recherche description in colorings and 
designs. A specialty of the business is sign painting, 
graining, gilding, &c. 

The founder of this business, Mr. Anthony Goth, is a 
native of Austria, but has been a resident of this county 
for many years. He was the owner of a washable wall 
paper, which at once came into general use, and has 
"been pronounced one of the great achievements of the 
age. 

Mr. Herman Goth, son of the above gentleman, was 
born in Austria in 18-54, and came to the United States 
in 1856. He is a thorough master of his profession, and a 
courteous and pleasant gentleman. 

Mr. Chas. Wollmuth was born in Prussia, and came 
to this country in 1872. He is also a complete master of 
his profession and highly esteemed in the community. 
These gentlemen refer to R. A. Packer, Mauch Chunk; 
E. P. Wilbur, G. B. Linderman. Bethlehem; A. Pardee, 
Hazleton; John Leisenring, Mauch Chunk; the State 
Capitol Building, Harrisburg; Edw. J. Fox, Easton; C. 
Pretz, AUentown ; Palace Opera House, South Bethle- 
hem; and seventy-two Churches, and others who are 
pleased to unqualifiedly endorse their workmanship and 



speak in the higliest terms of them as being thoroughly 
couver.sant with every detail of their profession, and 
recommend them to all who have occasion for their 
.services. 



LIXDEKMAN, SKEER & CO., 

Miners of Sugar-Loaf and Hu.mboi,dt Lehigh 
Coal, Office ovi:r Lehigh Valley National 
Bank. 
Ill reviewing the various enterprises that have made 
the Lcliigh Valley one of the chief arteries of business 
of this State, it is interesting and instructive to note 
the advances that have been made in each several line 
of product, and to ascertain exactly the progress that 
has been secured by industry and capital. In over- 
looking the field it is easy to see that the production 
and shipment of coal has exercised a greater bearing 
upon the growth and prosperity of this section of the 
State than any other one product. It forms one of the 
elements of wealth of our great State, and has allied 
us more closely to the outside world than could have 
been secured after a century of international negotia- 
tions. The two railroads running the full length of the 
valley have been but the arteries through which this 
life-blood of coal has been made to reach and attain the 
end for which it was hid away in the mountain side. 

The advantages enjoyed by Bethlehem, through 
which these roads pass, and the intersection with them 
of the Reading, forming, in addition to the great outlet 
at New York, one equally important at Philadelphia 
has made this city the location of several prominent 
firms engaged in this trade, some of whom conduct 
their operations upon a scale, the magnitude of which 
can hardly be appreciated except by a carefully de- 
tailed review. The firm of Linderman, Skeer & Co. is 
one of the most prominent of these operators, being 
both miners and shippers, working extensive mines 
located near Hazelton, and owning a large extent of 
.coal territory, from which an enormous product is real- 
ized annually. Their mines are the well-known Sugar- 
Loaf and Humboldt mines, and were opened, the first, 
in 1851 by Packer, Carter & Co., and the latter about 1866, 
by the Ashburton Coal Co., who continued their work- 
ing for a number of years, and until succeeded by the 
present firm. The production of the Sugar Loaf mine 
reaches 350,000 tons per annum, and the Humboldt 
mine 75,000, requiring the services of about seven hun- 
dred miners and outside workmen. The outlet for this 
vast amount of coal is found in the Lehigh Valley 
Railroad, that runs a siding directly to the mines, thus 
enabling the firm to ship direct to New York and Phila- 
delphia, and from these points to the Eastern States, 
where the coal has a high reputation, and ranks in the 
market as A No. 1. 

The chief offices of the firm are in Bethlehem, over 
the Lehigh Valley National Bank, from which point 
they conduct the extensive trans-shipments, as well as 
to direct the aft'airs of the mines, through competent 
superintendents. The annual business of this firm is 
immense, they handling more than a quarter million 
tons per annum, and in a financial way adding much 
to the prosperty and business strength of the Lehigh 
Valley. 

Dr. Linderman and Mr. Charles Skeer are both na- 
tives of Mauch Chunk, and gentlemen of higli standing 
in the commercial world, who have by their enterprise 
and liberality become prominent as holding a leading 
position among the largest miners and shippers of coal 
in the Lehigh coal regions. The other members of the 
firm are R. A. Packer and Harry E. Packer, sons of A.sa 
Packer, whose name in the State of Pennsylvania is 
the synonoym of energy, progressand worth. 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHKJH VATJ.EY. 



77 



THE CHAPMAN SLATE CO., 

Miners and Manufacturers of Roofing Slatk, 
Flagoinu, j;tc., Chapman Quarries, North- 
ampton County. 

In visiting the many quarries tliat are located in the 
Valley, the writer was very greatly impressed with tlie 
extent and magnitude of the one controlled and worked 
by the Chapman Slate (Company, at Chapmauville, 
Northampton county. In 184'J Mr. William Chapman, a 
Cornishman and practical slater, settled in Middle 
Northampton, and after some years residing there be- 
<'Ome convinced that in the imniediate vicinity there 
were extensive beds of slate rock, which led, in 1850, to 
opening what are known so widely now as the Chap- 
man Quarries. By dint of energy and native talent he 
gradually built up to its present magnitude the business 
which he now controls. The company was incorporated 
by a special Act of the Legislature in 1861 with a capital 
stockof 5300,000— since increased to 8100,000. The quarry 
is situated about twelve miles from Bethlehem. The 
grounds occupied by the company include lifty acres, 
the quarry itself being about 300 by 1,000 feet with an 
•extreme depth of about 235 feet. The quarrying is 
■done altogether by blasting and the necessary drilling 
by steam drills. The hoisting apparatus is, in fact, such 
as is ordinarily used — in part, however, of novel con- 
struction, the essential features in the latter instance 
being a five-ton cable, 900 feet long, on which there 
runs a carriage with pully and chain, along which 
slabs of slate weighing from four to six tons are drawn 
and loaded where wanted. Blocks of the crude ma- 
terial are thus delivered at six different "landings," on 
the ragged edge of the chasm. 

The machinery in use here at the quarry, consists of 
six engines a combined power of 120 horse, eight 
boilers of 48(J horse power, two steam drills, seven der- 
ricks, three diamond saws, two planers, one diamond 
•drill, etc. There are employed one hundred and sixty 
hands, divided as follows : forty quarrymen, sixty 
slaters, twenty factorymen, and the balance engineers 
and common laborers, to whom are distributed $50,000 
annually in wages. 

The capacity of the quarry is 6,000 squares per mouth, 
a square in their phraseology meaning sufficient slate 
to cover ten square feet of roof. The slate is a superior 
quality, dark blue in color, absorbs no moisture, will 
uot fade, discolor or decompose. Independent of the 
manufacture of roofing slate, which of itself is enor- 
raous,the company extensively manufacture it into slabs ' 
for a variety of slate goods, such as billiard, bagatelle 
table and counter tops, imposing stones, black boards, 
cisterns, lintels,window sills, copings, ridge poles, stair- 
ways, floor tiles and building stone for all purposes. 
For the manufacture of these articles, they have ex- 
tensive works directly at the quarry, furnished with 
complete and ingenious machinery for their finishing 
in the most satisfactory manner. 

The flagging manufactured from the material mined 
at the quarries is equal to any in the market in appear- 
ance and durability. For fence posts it is without 
doubt the cheapest and most durable of any material 
that can be used. The introduction of the most im- 
proved labor-saving machinery, specially designed for 
the purpose for which it is a|>plied, enables the com- 
pany to produce anything and everything iu the way 
•of slate-furnisiiings, at a minimum of cost. 

The main oftiee of the company is at the quarries, 
Chapmauville, Northampton county, and the New 
York oflSce is at 503, 505 and 507 West street. The quar- 
ries are directly under the superintendence of Mr. 
Richard Chapman, residing there, while at the office, 
Mr. M. Z. Bahn, the courteous and efficient secretary, 
has charge of the business details. The head and 



prime factor in this exten.sive enterprise, is Mr. William 
Chapman, its founder, and now the president and 
treasurer. He was born in Cornwall, Knglarul, iu 1.SU5, 
and in 1.S42 emigrated to this country, after having 
practically mastered the slating business, and .settled 
near the location of the T>resent quarry, where he re- 
mained until his extensive basiness interests required 
his removal to Bethlehem. Prompt, efficient and 
decisive iu liis character and operations, liberal in deal- 
ing and obliging disposition, he is amply deserving of 
the prosperity tliat has attended his efforts, and the 
esteem in which he is held wherever known. 



JOSEPH D. EMERY. 

Coal, Sand, Wixd., &c., Office and Yard, on 
THE "Lkiiiuh," nkar Canal Bridge. 
Mr. Joseph D. Emery has been engaged in this busi- 
ness only since 1881, but during the short time it has 
been under his c(mtrol he has greatly increased the 
trade. The location occupied by him is an old one, as 
on this site the same kind of business has been carried 
on for a number of years. In 1876 it was conducted by 
Mr. II. D. Yeager, and in 1877 by .lohu W. Crellin, who 
was succeeded by Mr. Jo.seph D. Emery, the present 
proprietor. A number of hands are employed in the 
yard, and several wagons are required in delivery to all 
parts of the borough. The business comprises, Coal, 
Sand, Wood, &c., and from the ver>' eligible location 
of the yard on the Lehigh Caual affords excellent facil- 
ities for the reception and delivery of the class of 
commodities dealt in. 

Mr. Emery is a young man about twenty-four years 
of age, and was formerly engaged in the dry goods 
trade. He is popular with all classes of the communi- 
ty, enterprising and full of pluck and vim. He began 
business under very favorable auspices, and his ener- 
gy cannot fail to bring its just reward. 

WM. M. SEIGFRIED, 

Wholesale Dealer and Bottler of Beer, 
Porter, Ale and Stock Goods. 

Mr. Wm. M. Siegfried has been engaged iu this bus- 
iness for fourteen years and was formerly located on 
Canal Street. In the summer of 18S1 he removed to 
his present location, and occupies eligible quarters 
numbered 116 and 118 South Main street, where he has 
every facility for carrying on the business. The bot- 
tling department is in the basement and consist of cool 
cellars and vaults supplied with all the machinery ancl 
appliances required in the bottling of Ales, Porter, 
Lager Beer, Minerel Water, Sarsaparilla, Ginger Ale, 
Birch Beer, &c. A specialty is made of the well known 
Newark E.xport beer, and also liauer's Reading ale. 
porter and lager beer, which are carefully put up e.x.- 
pressly for hotel and family use. In the mauutacture 
of the light and refreshing beverages, such as 
birch beer, mineral water, ginger ale, cream mead, 
Mr. Siegfried is uot excelled, and he controls a large 
trade derived from Bethlehem and the adjoining neigh- 
borhood. With the facilities at hand, Mr. Siegfried is 
at all times able to supply all demands made upon him 
and the superior excellence of his goods has given him 
an enviable reputation wherever they are known and 
u.sed. His long experience iu this business has made 
him familiar Avitli the wants of his patrons, and by 
giving his personal supervision to the establishment, 
he is always able to serve his customers in a satisfactory 
manner. Besides the extensive bottling business, Mr. 
Siegfried also conducts a saloon and restaurant on the 
ground floor at the above location, which is handsome- 
ly arranged with mirrors and pictures. 

Mr. Siegfried is a courteous and agreable gentleman, 
who has made hosts of friends and is papular with all 
who have business relations with him. 



78 



RESOURCES OF THE LEIITOH VAIJIIY. 



SHIVE GOVERNOR WORKP. 

M. C. Smyi.ik, PkuiI'.iktor. 




These extensive works, which have won a world 
wide reputation as the producer of the best and most 
scientifically constructed Governor now made, was 
originally located in the city of Philadelphia, from 
1868 until 1873. At the latter date in order to extend the 
capacity of production and to secure facilities, which 
the present location offered, they were removed to 
where they now are. The works are located about one 
mile from South Bethlehem, and consist of a Machine 
Shop, 80x^4 feet, two stories in height, and a Foundry, 
40x20 feet, also two stories in height; both are built sub- 
stantially of stone, and supplied with the most com- 
plete appliances for the manufacture of their special- 
ties, most of which have been built especially for the 
purijose intended and every piece of machinery and 
all their tools are models of skill and correct work- 
manship, reaching in accuracy, attention to details 
and careful finish, the finest watch machinery of the 
country. Below we append a short description of the 
!?hive Governor and a schedule of prices for the va- 
rious sizes. 

The Shive Governor possesses, in an eminent degree, 
all the qualities desirable and requisite in an efficient 
Governor. It is the only Governer in which the balls 
swing at angle to the radial line, resulting in greater 
delicacy of operation than can be obtained by a radial 
movement. The slightest increase or decrease in the 
amount of resistance to be overcome by the eagine, is 
at once indicated by an alteration in the distance of the 
Governor-balls, and a corresponding change in the 
steam supply-valve. This mode of suspending the balls 
has the additional advantage of causing the Governor 
to wear longer, by reason of there being much less 
friction than iu the old method of construction. The 
balls swing in most natural to freely suspend weights 
when the stem of the Governor begins to revolve, 
while the least retardation causes the balls to gain in 
The direction of rotation, and return toward their cen- 
tre of revolution. The automatic safety-check stops 
the engine when anything occurs to interfere with the 
action of the Governor, such as the breaking or fall- 
ing off of the belt, or some accident to the gearing. At 



the same time it docs not interfere in the slighest degree 
with the efficiency of the Governor. The feeder will 
instantly change the speed of the engine to any extent 
while running, and also automatically take up any lo-st 
motion that may occur— thus making the Governor la.st 
longer. The valve is perfectly balanced in all position* . 
and is corrected simultaneously with any change oi 
speed iu engine. 

REDUCED PRICE LIST, NOV. 1, 1879. 



Size of 


Black. 


Fin- 
ished. 




Extra for 




Gover- 


Ball 




Auto'c 




nor. 




and 


Speed- 


Safety 


Stop 








Lever 


er. 


Check . 


Valve. 


"^InT" 


$ 16 GO 


« 18 00 $ 1 90 » 2 25 $ 


« 4 0) 


1 " 


18 00 


20 00 


2 00 


2 35 




5 (>> 


1^:; 


20 00 


23 00 


2 25 


2 50 




6 0'' 


23 00 


27 00 


2 50 


2 75 


8 00 


7 51' 




27 00 


31 00 


2 75 


2 75 


y 00 


9 00 


%4" 


36 00 


41 00 


3 50 


3 50 


10 00 


12 0C^ 


3 " 


45 00 


52 00 


4 25 


4 25 


11 00 


17 00 


3^ " 


54 00 


62 00 


4 60 


4 50 


12 50 


21 00 


4 " 


61 00 


73 00 


5 00 


5 00 


14 50 


25 00 


4^2 " 


74 00 


84 00 


5 50 


5 gO 


16 00 


31 00 


5 " 


84 00 


95 00 


6 00 


6 50 


17 50 


37 00 


6 " 


112 00 


125 00 


7 00 


7 50 


19 00 


50 00 


7 " 


132 00 


146 00 


8 00 


9 50 


22 00 


60 00 


8 •' 


160 00 


176 00 


9 00 


10 00 


25 00 


75 Oi) 



To all who use Steam Power. — We put our Goveriior 
on any engine and warrant it to prove superior to all 
others and to do all we claim for it. If, after a fair 
trial, it does not, we will take it oflf at our own ex- 
pense. No charge for boxing. 

The testimonials received in favor of this Governor 
represents its use in the largest concerns in the United 
States, among which are the Bethlehem Iron Company , 
John Roach, Naefie and Levi, Ames' Iron Works, of Os- 
wego, N. Y., and many others. The largest Governor 
ever made was built by these works, and is now iu use 
by the Bethlehem Iron Company. Quite an exten- 
sive trade is engaged by the works, and much of it 
reaches Europe and South America. Watchman's 
Clocks and Detectors are also built here, auJ full de- 
scriptions are given of them on application. Our mis- 
sion is not to go into details, but to give the Shive 
Governor Works the prominence they merit as among 
the prominent industries of this Valley, by a brief 
notice of its origin and success. 

Mr. M. C. Smylie, the proprietor, is a native of Phila- 
delphia, where he was born in 1847, and is a sou of Johu 
Smylie, formerly of the Adams Express Company, and 
has made the manufacture of Governors a special 
study, and it is stating but the simple fact when we 
say that in the matter of scientific construction and 
successful operation, the Shive Governor stands to-day 
without its equal in the world. 



J. F. RAUCH, 

Confectioner, Fruiter and Ice Cre.\m P.\r- 

LORS, No. 42 South Main Street. 
This is one of the oldest ice cream saloons and cake 
bakeries in Bethlehem. It has been in existence for more 
than forty-years, having been originally established by 
Mr. H. H. Ranch, who admitted his son, Mr. J. F. Rauch, 
to an interest in the business in 1872, and upon the 
retirement of his father in 1880 he assumed the sole 
management. A large building is occupied and the 
neat and tastifuUy arranged store room is well supplied 
with a full stock of choice Confectionery, Fruits, Nuts, 
&c. Adjoining the store are the ice cream parlors, 
which are furnished in a cheerful and inviting style 
and where every attention is given to the wants qf 
customers. A special branch of the business, is mak- 
ing cakes of all kinds to order, and of furnishing 
weddings, parties and families. Another feature is the 



RESOURCES OF THE l-KIIIOTI VALLEY. 



79 



furnishing / ( i> rt-.Tr, -.nea-ls at short notice which are pre- 
ferred uikI r..;rvcti i-rdiiiplly in the host style. 

Mr. 11. .'/. I'-aUcli, '.tie founder of tliis business and 
father f / l/r proprie'/^r, has been a resident of Bethle- 
hem fc/ ^1 years, coming from his native place, Lan- 
caster •'^ UD.ty. in 1840. Ilis son was born in Bethlelicm, 
and is I. young rnan respected by all who knowliim, 
and hii s'.ore and ice cream parlors are well and liber- 
ally patronized by the best citizens in- Bethlehem. Mr. 
Ilaueh, Sr., takes rank among the old residents, and is 
a liberal and public spirited citizen, highly respected 
and esteemed. 



JOSEPH H. TRAEOKR, 

Dry Goods, Orockriks, &.q.. No. 21 South Main 
Street. 

This is one (if t])P oldest bu.siness houses in Bethle- 
hem, and was f jviuded in 1819 by Jacob Rice, and con- 
ducted by him. until tlie fall of 1862, when he was suc- 
ceeded by the "firm of Seaman k. Traeger, who were 
followed in 1874, by Treager &, Austin. They continued 
together un till 1880, when Jlr. .Vustin retired, and Mr. 
Traeger became the proprietor. He conducts a general 
business io T-ry Goods and Groceries, in supplying a 
large and s'jbstantial trade, employing ten assistants in 
attending to the wants of customers, packing and de- 
livering gr^ds. The store is a large one, having an at- 
tractive front and extending to the rear a depth of one 
hundred and twenty-five feet, making the largest room 
in town for the display of goods. The stock carried is 
complete in every department, carefully selected, and 
bought direct from first hands, enabling the proprietor 
to offer advantages to his patrons that cannot be ex- 
celled by any simular establishment in this section, 
and comprises everything usually found in a first-class 
establishment of this kind, from the finest class of goods 
to the common necessities of life, the display of Car- 
pets, Oil Cloths, Matting and Window Shades being par- 
ticularly attractive. The grocery department contains 
a well assorted stock of fine and staple goods, particu- 
lar attention being paid to the line of goods known as 
Fancy Groceries. In dry goods, which is the import- 
ant department, may always be found fine Silks, Dress 
Goods, Domisters and in short a complete and well se- 
lected assortment of the almost numberless articles em- 
braced under the name of Dry Goods. 

Mr. Traeger is a prominent citizen of Bethlehem, 
where he was born, and for many years has been iden- 
tified with its prosperity and growth. As a merchant 
he is honorable and reliable, and as a citizen liberal 
and public spirited. His establishment is an orna- 
ment to the town. 



BUSH, BULL & DIEHL, 

New York Dry Goods Emporium, 55 Main 

Strket. 
Among the firms in Bethlehem whose business houses 
have become the resort of those in quest of stylish goods 
for ladies wear, is that of Bush, Bull & Diehl, at No. 55 
Main St., who began business in 1879, and which they 
have since continued to augment, and have drawn to 
their counters a large class of the citizens and built up 
a substantial patronage. The business was originally 
established by Bush & RuU in 1879 and in 1881 Jlr. 
Diehl was admitted as a member of the firm. The busi- 
ness comprises a general line of Dry Goods, Silks, Cash- 
meres and Dress Goods of all the popular styles, and 
most fasliionablc designs of both European and Domes- 
tic manufacture, which are purchased direct from the 
manufacturer or from the leading importing houses in 
New York and Philadelphia. The store is spacious, 
combining every facility for the display and arrange- 
ment of stock for in.spection and examination. The 
firm TBakes a speciality of Silks, and Cashmeres, and 



carry a full line of this class of dress goods, which they 
furnish at prices as low as can be obtained in the large 
cities. 

The establishment of this store in Bethlehem has fill- 
ed a want long felt by the citizens, as it enables them 
topurcha.se the latest and most fashifinable styles of 
goods as soiin as introduced. A large and lucrative 
trade is conducted, and it is a popular resort in Beth- 
lehem. Messrs. Bush & Bull have long been identified 
with the dry goods trade in this section of the Lehigh 
Valley, and conduct an extensive house in the same 
line of business in Easton, of which the Bethlehem 
house is a branch. Mr. Diehl, tlie junior member of 
this firm, was for eight years connecieil with the house 
in Easton, and is a courteous and reliable business man. 
on whom devolves the general management of this 
branch of the business. The stpre is one of the largest 
in the borough, having a frontage of 22 feet with a 
depth of 90-fect, in which a heavy stock is always car- 
ried, and 8 clerks are employed. Messrs. Bush, Bull <fc 
Diehl carefully cater to the wants of their patrons, and 
can always be relied on as upright and honorable in all 
their dealings. 



REVOLUTION PAINT CO., 

Nathan Bakti.ett, Suit.. Office and Factory 

REAR L. V. R. R. Co's Depot. 
The Revolution Paint Company is not only conducted 
in an enterprising manner, but produces an article of 
paint equal to that of any other paint manufacturers in 
the country. The works were established in 1870 in the 
vicinity of New York, and in 1871 were destroyed by 
fire. In 1878 a building was erected in the rear of the 
Lehigh Valley depot in the town of Bethlehem, where 
the business has been successfully carried on ever since. 
The paints made by the Revolution Paint Co., are the 
result of experiments which have been perfected and 
brought into use by Geo. T. Lewis, and Eayre 0. Bart- 
lett, and patented by them. They are produced by fire 
are free from acid, are strictly pure, and will outwear 
many of the brands of paints now in the market. Dur- 
ing its business career the Revolution Paint Co. have 
succeeded by thorough excellauce of its productions, the 
new improved process in use at these works, and their 
prompt manner in filing out orders, in building up a 
large and substantial trade, which is being rapidly in- 
creased requiring the works to run at all times up to their 
full capacity. Salesmen are constantly on the road and 
orders are continually coming in from all parts of the 
State, and from Northern New Jersey. The Revolution 
Paints are highly prized by all who use them, and have 
attained a permanent reputation , and find a ready 
demand wherever introduced. The Revolution Ready- 
Mixed Paints, and Bartlett's pure White Lead consti- 
tute the principal production, but they also manufac- 
ture paints of all kinds, also graining colors, and the 
Revolution oil for thining down paint. 

Mr. Nathan Bartlett, the superintendent and manager 
of the works, is a native of Tuckerton, N. J, where he 
was bom in 1814, and was for 30 years engaged in the 
manufacture of Oxide of Zinc, and built the first fur- 
nace erected in the United States for its manufacture, 
at Newark, N. J. He erected the zinc works at Bethle- 
hem, in 18'i.'?, and superintended them for 12 years. He 
also erected the zinc works at Tyrone, Penna, in 1864, 
and in 1867 he erected the Zinc works at Bergen Point, 
N. J., the largest in the United States, and which are 
now in successful operation. In 1870 he engaged in 
the manufacture of the Revolution Paint at South Beth- 
lehem, which have since becn'in successful operation. 
He is one of the enterprising men of this section of 
the country, and his name is intimately connected 
with Zinc manufacture of Pennsylvania and New- 
Jersey. 



80 



REilOURCESOF THE LKIlKill VALLEY. 



LiiHIOrH MANUFACTURIXG CO., 

Manufactukeks of Shovki.s and Spadf.s and 
RoMiu's Patent Wagon Platform, Lkukjii Val- 
ley Railroad, near the Detot. 
Among: the enterprising manufacturing establish- 
ments iu Bethlehem, which greatly add to the material 
welfare of that place, is the Lehigh Manufacturing com- 
pany, which was originally established in 1»60 by 
Thomas Weiss and a number of other gentlemen, who 
were succeeded l^y tlie firm of Thomas Weiss & Bro., 
which was in turn followed by Frank Weiss, who con- 
tinued the business until 187'J, at which time the Le- 
high Mauufacturing Company was formed, with Francis 
Weiss, Jr. as Sec. and Treas., and W. B. Romig, superin- 
tendent. Pursuing from the start a business policy con- 
taining all the elements of assured success, manufac- 
turing shovels, spades a.nd scoops, and the Romig x>atent 
wagon platform, the Company has combined to make 
aiauy improvements iu their works and now occupy a 
cluster of six buildings, one and two stories iu height, 
occupying an acre of ground, in whicli they have all the 
required and special machinery for carrying on the 
work, driven by two steam engines of 20 horse power 
each. They employ 20 workmen in the various depart- 
ments and turn out between 60 and 70 dozen shovels, 
scoops and spades per day, and a large number of the 
Romig carriage platforms. The platforms are the re- 
sult of the geuius of Mr. Romig, the superintendent of 
the works, were patented by him July 16, 187S, and are 
aow largely in use in various parts of the country, hav- 
ing been thoroughly tested since that time, aud have 
given the most satisfactory results, being pronounced by 
competent judges to be superior to all other platforms 
iu the market both as regard, strength, neatness aud 
simplicity of design. The Company also manufacture 
a scoop shovel patented iu April 1881, which possesses 
many advantages aud improvements and is destined at 
no distant day to supercede those of the ordinary kind 
of other manufacturers. Besides the above articles 
turned out by this company, they manufacture hoes to 
the extent of 100 doz. per day, which are made expressly 
for, and shipped throughout the Southern States. The 
Sec. aud Treas. of the company, Mr. Francis Weiss, Jr., 
has been connected with it since its inception. He was 
bom iuEckley, Luzerne county, iu 1865. He was brought 
up iu these worka from boyhood, and is familiar with 
the details of the business iu all its branches. 

Mr. Wm. B. Koi^fig, the general superintendent of the 
works, is a native of Lehigh county, where he was born 
in 1839. He is endowed with a high degree of mechan- 
ical genius aud executive ability, aud has during his 
connection with the Company been largely instrumen- 
tal iu furthering the advancement of its interests. He 
is a practical carriage maker, and the improved patent 
wagon platform invented by him is being rapidly 
adopted throughout the United States. The works of 
the Lehigh Manufacturing Co. are among the most im- 
portant iu this section of Pennsylvania and conduce iu 
no small degree to the prosperity of Bethlehem, where 
they are located. 



CHAS. N. BECKEL, Agt., 

Iron Founder and Machinest, On the Lehigh 

River and the Canal. 
This was the first iron foundry and machine shop 
erected in this section outside'of Philadelphia, and for 
many years the only one in this section of the State. -It 
was founded in 1825 by Charles N. Beckel, the father of 
the present proprietor, aud conducted by him until the 
time of his death, June, 1880. 

In 1880 Mr. Charles N. Beckel became sole proprietor, 
aud assumed the management of the works, which con- 
sist of a cluster of buildings, comprised of a substantial 



brick machine sliop 3.s(niiesin hciKlil, aud 30x60 fiot 
dimensions, a foundry 30x40 feet, and other smaller 
buildings tised for various purposes. A general iron 
foundry, and machine busiuess is carried on, iron 
bridges constructed, and all kinds of machinery made 
and put up, special attention being given to mill ma- 
chinery. In the coustruction of iron bridges, Mr. 
Beckel has achieved a prominence for the high char- 
acter, perfect workmanship and strength of this chiss nf 
work. 16 workmeuare engaged in the different deiiart- 
ments of the works, who And constant employment iu 
getting out the contracts with which Mr. Beckel is con- 
stantly engaged. Mr. Chas.N. Beckel, the proprietor, is 
a thorough, practical man, having been brought up to 
this business under the careful tuition of his father. 
He was born in Bethlehem in 1827, and has always been 
prominently identified with the iron working interests 
of this section, where he is highly respected as a busi- 
nessman and citizen. This establishment is the old- 
est in the Lehigh Valley, has been of great advantagt! 
to the borough of Betlilehem, aud holds a leading posi- 
tion among the many industrial enterprises in that 
thrifty community. 

AUG. H. LEIBERT. 

Bookseller and Stationer, No. 51 Broad 

Street. 
The popular establishment of Mr. Augustus H. Lei- 
bert, at No. 51 Broad street, is the resort of all classes of 
the citizens of Bethlehem, when in search of Books, 
Stationaiy, or the Magazinesand Periodicals of the day. 
Mr. Leibert occupies a business stand which was estab- 
lished in 1858, and came into his hands in 1877, where 
he is catering to the intellectual tastes of the commu- 
nity. He makes a speciality of school and college books 
and of all the standard publications and authorities on 
grammar, geography, mathamatics, and the classics, 
and also has all the requisites in school stationary. He 
has connected with his business a fine circulating 
library in which collection he has niost of the popular 
and standard works, embracing every subject, and in- 
cluding the latest novels and light literature of known 
merit and excellence. He has also a fine stock of blank 
books, from the pocket memorandum book to the count- 
ing house ledger, and also makes to order this class of 
books of any size and kind. Mr. Liebert is an enter- 
prising business man, and a native of Bethlehem. He 
is polite, aud attentive to his business, and is deserving 
of the highest praise from the community in enable- 
ing them at a small cost to obtain and enrich their 
minds through the medium of his circulating library. 

He is a lover of literature himself and always en- 
courages and promotes a love for books among the 
young. 

F. J. ENGLE, 

Manufacturer of Frames, Brackets, Chromos. 
Etc., No. 57 Broad Street. 

One among the important industrial establishments 
aud the only one of the kind iu Bethlehem, is that of 
Mr. F. J. Eugle, manufacturer of Frames, Brackets, 
Window Shades, and dealer in Chromos, etc. He began 
this business in 1871, and has since conducted it in a 
most successful manner, having every facility and con- 
venience for the proper prosecution of the work. Many 
of the designs of frames, etc., emiuating from his es- 
tablishment, are of the most elaborate and ornamental 
description; being new and original, aud the work- 
manship the most perfect. He finds a ready sale for all 
the goods turned out, aud enjoys a lucrative and sub- 
stantial trade. 

Mr. Engle is a native of Northampton county, and 
during his residence in Bethlehem has become popular 
as a business man aud citizen. 



J 



RESOURCES OF THE LEIIIOir VALLEY. 



81 



WESTOX DODSON & CO., 

Miners and shippers of ANTHn.vciTE Coal, Of- 
fice, Lehigh Valley, National Bank Building, 
Branch 204 Walnut Place, Philadelphia. 

The vast amo\mt of coal mined anuually in Penn- 
sylvauia, and distributed to various parts of tlie coun- 
try readies in value an immense sum. Kngaged in 
tliis business are a number of capitalist and enterpris- 
ing business men, many of whom are located in various 
parts of the Lehigh Valley and especially at Bethle- 
hem, which offers specisU advantages by reason of its 
location and railroad facilities for its successful pros- 
ecution and management. Among these is the firm of 
Weston Dodson & Co., who have been engaged in this 
business since 1871, and who are the successors of the 
lirm of Weston Dodson & Bro., who originally estab- 
lished it in 1865. The shipments are principally of Le. 
high Coal from the following named collieries. Beaver 
Brook, Ebewale, Stout, East Spring Mountain, Tapper 
Lehigh, Council Kidge and Sandy Run, and thoy also 
ship largely from the Wyoming and Schuylkill districts 
besides supplying their trade with Bituminous Coal 
-from the Clearlield and Cumberland regions. 

They are also the shipping agents of the firm of 
Charles M. Dodson & Co., miners of the popular Beaver 
Brook Coal, whose mines are located at Audemied, Pa. 

The members of the firm, Weston Dodson, I. M. Dod- 
son and Charles M. Dodson, hold a leading position 
among the extensive coal miners and shippers in the 
coal regions, who have by their liberality materially 
advanced the interest of that section of the State, and 
have added in no small degree to the prosperity 
of Bethlehem, from which point their operations are 
mainly conducted. The firm also have a branch office 
Philadelphia in at No. 204 Walnut Place for the accom- 
modation of their quite extensive trade in that city. 



HITTER, BECK & LEH, 

northainipton, saw and planing mill, second 

Street, 
The Northampton steam saw and planing mill was 
established in 1875 by Ritter & Beck, who have since 
pushed their business with vigor and energy and are 
conducting an extensive trade in Bethlehem, and 
and throughout the Lehigh Valley. The mill property 
consists of 2 buildings, constructed in a substantial man- 
ner, the main building having diinentions of 22x77, 
well furnished with all Uie ingenious machinery of 
recent Inventions, much of which was in use at the 
Centenial Exposition, driven by a 30 horse power 
engine, and employment is given to 25 men in the dif- 
ferent departments, who are earnestly engaged in get- 
ting out mill work of all kinds, such as sash, blinds, 
doors, window frames, mouldings, brackets, slair rail- 
ing, uewell posts, &c.. The firm also make a specialty 
of building stairs, and making and puttng up a special 
line of furniture for churches. Scroll sawing, carving, 
shaping and fitting, &c., in all kinds of wood, such as 
maple, walnut, ash, oak, pine, &c., in any styles and de- 
signs, and supply all materials for building and orna- 
mental purposes, and have gained a reputation for sub- 
stantial and fine work, not surpassed by any other sim- 
ilar establishment in this region. 

The members of the firm are Owen Ritter, T. Beck and 
A. Leh. Mr. Ritter is originally from Allentowu, wliere 
he was born in 1833. Mr. Beek is of Northampton 
County, and was born about 1828, and Mr. Leh is of 
Bethlehem, and was born in 18-15, and has been the 
junior member of the firm since 1881. The firm is a 
representative one in its line of business, and enjoys 
the confidence of a large and substantial patronage, 
which it has gaineti by the reliable and satisfactory 
manner in which all contracts are filled. 

6 



SIMON RAU & CO., 

DRUGTilsrs, )<>>TAnLT3IIED 175fi. No. 156 Soutu 
Main Street. 

This is tlie oldest drug house in the Lehigh Valley, 
and the first in tliis section of Pennsylvania. It was 
established as early as 17.56 by the Moravian Economy, 
soon after the settlement of this part of the State, and 
was under the supcriuteudence of Matthias Ott, M. D., 
who conducted the business for many years, and was 
succeeded by Dr. Everhard Freytag. In 1331) it came 
into the possession of Mr. Simon Ran, who has since 
a.ssociated with him Mr. Robert Kau and Mr. E. A. Ran, 
under the present name and style of firm. Many 
changes have been made in location and in improve- 
ments since the business was originally founded, more 
than 1'25 years ago, to meet the demands of the increas- 
ing advancements of the age and the great influx of 
population which has made Bethlehem a thriving 
town, and now covers the hills and fruitful valley of 
the Lehigh. 

The store is located in a building fitted and fur- 
nished throughout with all the conveniences and 
facilities for conducting the extensive trade that 
is carried on by this firm. A general business as drug- 
gist and supplying medicines, proprietary preparations, 
perfumery, and fancy articles known as druggist's sun- 
dries, also the compounding of physicians and family 
prescriptions, and dealing in paints, oUs. glass, etc., and 
the specialty of garden and flower seeds, constitute the 
principal features of the house. The trade is derived 
from all parts of the Lehigh Valley and amounts to a 
large sum annually. The Ann is supplying pure, fresh 
drugs and medicines and giving attention to the pre- 
paration of prescriptions, for which they are highly en- 
dorsed by the leading physicians of this vicinity. Mr. 
Simon Rau, the senior member of the firm, was born in 
LL'liign county, near Bethlehem, in 1818. In 1830 he 
l)Cgan as a clerk in this house under a former proprietor 
and became its sole proprietor in 1839. Mr. Rau is one 
of the oldest inhabitants of Bethlehem, where he is 
known by every one. He has always assisted in pro- 
moting the material advancement of the borough, and 
was for a time a member of its council, aiding in no 
small degree by his influence the many improvements, 
which have greatly enhanced the prosperity of Bethle- 
hem. Mr. Robert Rau was born in Allentown in 184-t. 
He is a regular graduate in pharmacy of the Philadel- 
phia College, and gives his special attention to the per- 
scription department of the business. He recently pub- 
lished a neat little pamphlet giving a full history and 
description of the works which supply the borough 
with pure spring water, an epitomized sketch from 
which appears in the general article on Bethlehem, 
and will be read with great interest. 

Mr. E. A. Rau is a native of Bethlehem, where he was 
born in 1818, and is also a graduate of the Philadelphia 
College of Pharmacy, and is distinguished as a Botanist, 
especially so from his researches, and classification 
of mosses, and has an extensive correspondence 
throughout this country and Europe. He is the author 
of a catalogue of mosses, a work highly endorsed and 
used as a book of reference by Botanists, and is design- 
ed to be a convenient check and exchange list, and a 
basis of arrangement of Genera, etc. in Herbaria. All 
the authentic species and varieties of mosses reported, 
from Mexico to the Arctic regions are included in the 
work, and their habitats given with as wide a range as 
the examination of references and several good her- 
baria would permit. The work is classified and ar- 
ranged in a convenient form and is invaluable to tho 
student, and has become a standard authority upou 
Ciyi>togamic Botany. 



82 



EE80URCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



UN ANGST & KRESSLER, 

Druggists, No. 124 South Main Steeet, Opposite 
Eagle Hotel. 

One of the oldest as well as most important business 
houses in Bethlehem is that now conducted by the 
firm of Unangst & Kressler, and was first established in 
the year 1848 by Shime & Hillman. It then passed into 
the hands of M. M. Selfridge, who was succeeded by 
Selfridge & Ck)., and in 1873 by Unangst & Kressler. In 
1878 Mr. Unangst the senior member of this firm, with- 
drew, and was succeeded by his sou, Eugene P. Unangst, 
the name and style of the firm remaining as at present. 
This house is one of the largest conducting this branch 
of business in this section of the Lehigh Valley, and 
controls a trade second to no other establishment in its 
line of business in North Eastern Pennsylvania. Besides 
the general line of goods coming under the head of 
Drugs and Druggists' Sundries, a great amount of 
Paints, Oils, Glaiss, etc., are handled, together with 
garden seeds of all kinds, the production of the best 
growers in the country. The important feature of the 
business is the physicians and family prescription de- 
partment, which is under the immediate supervision 
of the firm, thus insuring reliability and accuracy. A 
general stock of proprietory medicines of well known 
reputation is also to be found on their shelves, and a 
specialty is made of furnishing pure and unadulterated 
Wines and Liquors for medicinal uses. Messrs. Unangst 
& Kresslcr's store is located in a large and imposing 
building, the whole of which is occupied by them, hav- 
ing a frontage of 20 feet and a depth of 54 feet and three 
stories in height. The interior arrangements of the 
store are such as to afford every facility for the prompt 
transaction of all business, and is neatly and tastefully 
fitted up in an elaborate style with ornamental coun- 
ters and show cases. 

Mr. Eugene P. Unangst, the senior member of the 
firm, was born in Seipville, in 1857 and was brought up 
to the business under the careful tuition of his partner. 
He is a graduate of the Philadelphia College of Phar- 
macy of the class of 1877, and besides looking after the 
general business interests of the firm, gives special at- 
tention to the prescription department. He is an enter- 
prising business man, possessed of vim and ability, and 
brings to bear upon the business sound judgment and 
experience. 

Mr. G. D. Kressler is a native of Petersville. He is the 
oldest member of the firm, and former partner of Mr. J. 
J. Unangst, and has been connected with this house 
for nine years. He is a thorough practical man, fully 
conversant with the business in all its details. The 
firm of Unangst & Kres.sler are liberal merchants and 
citizens, and their establishment is one among the best 
known throughout this section. 



JOHN B. ZIMMELE, 

FuKNiTURE Warerooms, No. 106 Main Street. 

Among those who represent the furniture trade in 
Bethlehem, and havebecome well known through their 
honorable and straightforward manner of doing busi- 
ne.ss, is Mr. John B. Zimmele, who has been engaged in 
this special line of trade since 1868. He occupies a 
double front store at No. 106 Main street, which contains 
a complete and well selected stock of Parlor, Chamber, 
and Bed Room furniture in all the most fashionable 
and desirable styles, upholstered in the highest style 
of the art. He controls a very extensive trade, derived 
from Bethlehem and the adjacent neighborhood. 

Mr. Zimmele is a Philadelphian by birth, and during 
his residence in Bethlehem of more than twenty-two 
years, has made his establishment a favorite ie»rtof 
purchasers by his strict attention to business, an 1 the 
fine character of stock. 



HENRY S. .eELLERS, 

Carri.\^ge Manufacturer, No. 7S Broad Street. 

Among the many branches of manufacture carried oni 
throughout the Lehigh Valley, carriage building is one 
of the most important, and the work turned out has 
obtained a high reputation, as for instance that from 
the establishment of Henry S. Sellers, at No. 78 Broad 
Street, who has been establised in this business since 
1850 and during that time has given his whole attention 
to this class of manufacture. He employs 12 skUled 
workmen in the different departments and makes to- 
order phaetons, both single and double, spring wagons 
buggies, physician's carriages and two and three seated 
carriages of all kinds, and makes a specialty of sleighs, 
cutters etc. The liictory building is a substanti'al struc- 
ture, having a depth of 60 feet with a width of 24 feet, 
and provided with every facility for the successful 
prosecution of the trade. 

In the repository or show room will always be found 
a stock of his well known make of carriages, road 
and driving wagons, which are put together in the best 
manner and made from thoroughly seasoned material, 
These vehicles are all stylish and fashionable, and fin- 
ished in the highest style of the art. A special depart- 
ment of the business is the repairing and repainting of 
carriages, etc., which is all done under the immediate 
supervision of Mr. Sellers, who in all cases guarantees 
entire satisfaction. Mr. Sellers was born in Bucks 
county in 1824, coming to Bethlehem in 1848 where he 
learned his trade, and where he has since continously 
resided. He is one of the progressive men of Bethle- 
hem, and has always been closely identified with the 
advancement and prosperity of the borough. 

He was at one time a director of the first National 
Bank, of Bethlehem, as well a as member of the borough 
council, and has always promoted and assisted to 
advance its interests. 



J. H. HEMMERLY, 

Upholsterer and Awning Maker, No. 5 North 
Main Steet. 
The business conducted by Mr. J. H. Hemmerly is on& 
requiring skill, judgment, and a taste for the beautiful 
and artistic. The business was established in 1877. He 
makes a special business of fitting and laying carpets, 
and upholstering fine parlor and chamber suits, lounges, 
and spring and hair mattresses, and makes lambrequins 
and furniture covers, hangs window shades, etc. He is 
an expert in this business and enjoys a large patronage. 
He is also engaged in making and putting up awnings, 
which he does at the lowest prices commensurate with 
good material and workmanship. Mr. Hemmerly is 
favorably known to the citizens of Bethlehem, he being 
a native of the place where he has passed most of his 
life. As an artist in his business he takes high rank, as 
is evidenced by his large patronage. 



W.F. WILDER, 

I-eather and Findings, No. 130 Broad Street. 

An important branch of industry and one which 
furnishes supplies to a large section of the surrounding 
country, is that conducted by Mr. W. F. Wieder, dealer 
in Leather and Findings. He is the only currier and 
dresserof leather in Bethlehem, and carries on a large 
business, extending to various sections of the the Val- 
ley. The business was originally established 32 years 
ago by Mr. H. Yost, who conducted it until 1871, when 
Mr. AVeider became his successor. A general line of 
shoe findings, materials and upper harness leather i.s 
kept in stock, and a number of workmen are constantly 
engaged in dressing leather. 

Mr. Welder is a native of Lehigh County, and has 
been a resident of Bethlehem for many years, where he 
is well known as an honorable and upright merchant. 



RESOrncES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



83 



A. P. BKTOE, 

Wholksale and Retail Confectioner and Ice 
CuEAM Mamkactuker, No. o2 South Main 
Street. 
Mr. Betge siuce he has been engaged in the Coufec- 
tiouery and Ice Cream business has been very success 
ful, receiving a hirgeanrt hiorative patronage from an 
appreciative public, who sjieak in the highest terms of 
li is productions and of his uniform courtesy and oblige- 
ing manner. Tlie business lie now c<jnducts was orig- 
inally ciitablished inlSTti by Mr. Adam .Schada, and has 
been under tlie proprietorship of Mr. Betge since 1878. 
He has had many years exiierience in this branch of 
business and was for a period of four years a member 
of the firm of J. M. Fahs it Co. His store is always sup- 
plied with a choice stock of toothsome confectionery, 
foreign and domestic fruits, nuts, etc. During the 
summer season he makes a specialty of ice cream, 
which is prepared by him from pure cream, and served 
to parlies, weddings and private families. Mr. Betge is 
a native of Bethleliem, and his eHbrtsto supply reliable 
anil fresh articles in his line of business has drawn to- 
wards his store a good custom. He is enterprising and 
po.ssesses that push and vim which cannot fail in the 
near future to greatly add to his already large and 
growing business. 

SMITH & CLEWliLL, 

Planing Mill, Canal Street. 

In Bethlehem and vicinity an extensive lumber trade 
is carried on, and a number of mills throughout the Le- 
high Valley are engaged in getting out Building Ma- 
terial, .Sash, Doors, Blinds, etc. Prominent among those 
so engaged is the tirm of Sniith & Clewell, who are 
located ou Canal street, at Bethlehem. This mill was 
tirst put in operation in ISfil, by Transue & Bu.ss, and in 
W71 came into the control of the present tirm. With the 
■exception of aboiu four years since that time it has 
been con.stautly running. The structure is a substantial 
one. hiiviug dimensions of G.JxlOd feet, and is supplied 
throughout with all the necessary machinery and ap- 
pliances, driven by a -io horse power engine, and an im- 
mense quantity of planed boards, plank, sash, doors 
and blinds are turned out ainiually, all of which are 
■di.spi sjd of in Bethlehem and the adjoining country. 

The productions of this mill ar(> all of first-class qtial- 
ity, m ide from go(xl material, and put together in the 
most workmanlike manner. Mr. S. N. Smith is a native 
of Northampton county, and Mr. Walter C. Clewell of 
Lehigh county. The.se gentlemen, since they have 
been engaged in this branch of business in Bethlehem, 
have become popular, and much of tlieir success is 
owing to their liberal and straiglitfurward method of 
doing business. 



EDW. STEER.S. 

Betiilehe.m Fancy Dying andCleaninu Estab- 

LTSUiMENT, OFFICE No. 11 NORTII MaIN STREET. 

The Bethlehem Fancy Dying and Cleaning establish- 
itient was opened for business in 1S":5 by the tirm of 
Steers & Nephew, and continued by them until ISTG, 
when Mr. Steers V)ecame the sole proprietor, and carries 
•on u large and extensive business which is derived 
from various parts of the Lehigh Valley. The works 
Jire located on Mouoiacv flats, and consist of a lai-ge 
frame building, providid u illi all the facilities for thor- 
oughly and perfectly couducling the business, includ- 
ing a steam engine and two boilers, and steam cylin- 
<icrs, one of new and imi)roved construction used for 
iinishing piece goods. Tliis machine is tlie only one of 
tlie kind in the X'alley, and also an " improved centrif- 



ugal, hyilro extraction or wizard," which ts also the 
only one of the kind to be found in the Valley. All 
kinds of work is done here, such as dying of iiiece 
goods, clothing and renovating and cleaning dresses, 
ami wearing apparial of both ladies and gentlemen, 
in which branch of the business a large patronage is 
accommodated, and the work perfectly done. A spe- 
cialty is made of feathers and kid gtoves which are 
cleaned or dyed in any desired shade or color. Mr. 
Edward Steers, who ha.s been a resident of Bethlehem 
for .some years, is a native of btaten Island, New York. 
He is a perfect master of the art, and conversant with- 
the trade in all its minutest details. 



L. F. GIERING, 

Watchmaker and Jeweler, No. 4 South Main 

Street. 

Without exception this is the largest establishment 
engaged in this special branch of business in Bethle- 
hem. Mr. L. F. Giering, the proprietor, began this busi- 
ness ou his own account at the present location in 1872, 
and occupies a fine building, having dimensions of 18x 
iV) feet, of which lie uses two floors, the first a.s a gen- 
eral .-iale and display room, and the second floor for 
manufacturing and repairing purposes. The store is 
neatly and handsomely arranged, and complete in all 
its appointments, in which he has a full assortment of 
Watches, Clocks, Jewelry and Silver and plated ware. 
He is the special agent for the Rockford Watch Com- 
pany, in this section— a watch made expressly for rail- 
nsad use. He also is a large dealer in watchmaker's 
materials, supplies, and tools of both American and 
European manufacture, and supplies the demand of a 
large trade in this section of Pennsylvania. Mr. Giering 
is a thorough, practical man, having been brought up 
to this Inisiness tVoiu early youth, and comes from a 
family who have for three generations been engaged 
in the same occupation. His father and grandfather 
are both living, and conduct the same business, the 
former at Nazareth and the latter at Emaus, Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Mr. Giering was born in Lehigh county in ISaO, and 
although quite a young man. is a thorougli master of 
his trade. He was for two years engaged in this same 
business inCatasauqua, previous to his coming to Bethle- 
hem, where he has establlslied a large trade. He has 
gained many friends by his uniform courtesy and hon- 
orable dealings. His establishment is an ornament to 
the town. 



P. S. BACHMAN & CO., 

Grain Merchants, Office No. 58 South Main 

Sti:eet, Betiilehe.m. 
Among the prominent enterprises located in Beth- 
lehem is that of the firm of P. S. Bachman it Co., who 
make this point the main office of their extensive grain 
business. The firm was organized in l.s.sii, and do a gen- 
eral business in the buying and shipping of Western 
grain. They command a large capital, and handle a 
vast quantity of grain, shipping all wheat direct iMist 
by rail, where they have a iiuiuber of parties who look 
to them for tlicir supply. 

The (inn is composed of the following gentlemen : P. 
S. Bachman, of Freemaiisburg; Ex-Congressman B. K. 
Bachman, and George W. Bachman, of Durham, Bucks 
county, and Clyde Miller, of Freemanslmrg. All of 
them are representative business men. and are widely 
known as prompt and reliatile dealers. In the West 
the firm has a standing and reputation that makes 
their business transactions of the most satisfactry na- 
ture, and that places them upon a level with the lead- 
ing men in the trade. 



84 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHKill VATJ.EY. 



J. J. LACK, Agt., 

Oak Hall CLornryo House, No. 140 Main 

Stueet. 
The profession of the Merchant Tailor is one requir- 
ing a peculiar skill and fitness, not easily aequireil. The 
successful cutter must combine a correct taste witli an 
accurate knowledge of the human form. Without 
these no one can succeed in making becoming and sty- 
li.sh garments. These essentials are happily possessed 
by Mr. J. J. Lack, the well known merchant tailor at 
Nil. 140 Main street, who has since 1878 represented the 
widely known establishment of Wanamaker & Brown, 
and has during that period conducted the branch of 
their establishment in Bethlehem, thus giving to the 
people of this vicinity all the advantages of the Pliila- 
(lelphia house, in price, variety and styles, and saving 
them the expense of a personal visit to the city. He 
carries constantly in stock a full and complete line of 
piece goods, samples and ready-made stock, and can 
either make to order, or furnish ready-made, anything 
Mhich can be obtained at the main establishment. 
This convenience is highly appreciated by those who 
have had dealings with the house, and his already 
large trade is steadily increasing. Mr. Lack employs 
twenty skilled assistants,superintending all branches of 
his business in person, and the garments turned out by 
him are perfect in style, fit and finish. Anything in 
gentlemen's clothing, from the finest dress suit to com- 
mon goods for every day wear cau always be found 
here. The store is neat and attractive, having a front 
of 20 feet with a depth of 80, and is provided with two 
show windows for the display of stock. 

Mr. Lack is a native of Germany, coining to this 
country in 1842, and to Bethlehem in 1871. He is 
a practical cutter of thirty years experience, and has 
established the reputation of being one of the best tailors 
in Bethlehem. 

JOHN J. WITMER, 

Millinery and Fancy Goods, No. 120 Soi-ni 

Main Street. 
One of the most interesting as well as attractive stores, 
especially to the ladies, is the millinery establishment 
of John J. Witmer, at No. 120 South Main Street. Mr. 
Witmer has long been identified with this line of busi- 
ness, being for a number of years engaged hi it in Phil- 
adelphia. He removed to Bethlehem in 1881 and con- 
ducts one of the mo.st favorite resorts of the ladies in the 
borough. At all times at his store will be found every 
thing desired in the millinery goods line. He also deals 
extensively in hair goods. Several employees are 
always engaged in the establishment, and a fine and 
lucrative patronage is enjoyed. Mr. Witmer is a Phila- 
delphian by birth and «uce his residence in Bethlehem 
has made many friends, by his promptness and atten- 
tion to the wants of his patrons. His establishment is 
by far the largest and most complete of any of the kind 
in town, and is rapidly extending its trade among the 
better class of citizens. 



L. F. WALTER, 

Boston \)'M:. Store, No. 57 and 59 Main Street. 
One of the most interesting anumgthe many neat and 
attractive stores to be found on South Main St, in Beth- 
lehem,isthat known as the "Boston 99c. store," of which 
Mr. L. F. Walter is the proprietor. The feature of this 
business which composes almost everything required 
for use or ornament is the price at which these goods 
are sold, ninety -nine cents, which has drawn to it not 
only the citizens of Bethlehem, but also a large trade 
from all parts of the surrounding country. To enumer- 
ate the thousand and one articles displayed on the 
counters would be almost an impossibility, as they con- 



sist of things of almost every conceivable use. SufR- 
cient to say that pictures, picture frames, traveling bags, 
children's carriages, mottoes and frames, ornaments in 
glass, cliina, and paper mache, toys, games, basket.s, 
chairs, etc, may always lie found here in such variety as 
to please the most fastidious. Mr. L. F. Walter was for 
five years engaged in Ijusiness in Allentown previous to- 
coming to Bethleliem in 1879, at which time he establish- 
ed this favorite re-sort. In 1880 he built his present store, 
which he has fitted up in the most tasteful manner for 
the display of his stock of really elagent and reclierrlie 
goods. That his enterprise has been suc<'essful isamply 
attested by the fact of his large patronage and the poi>- 
ularity of his goods and price. 

E. H. LUCKENBACH, 

Druggist AND Apothecary, No. 5 Broad -Street. 
A well conducted establishment for the sale of medi- 
ciens and the compounding of physicians and family 
prescriptions, such as that of Mr. E. H. Luckenbach, is 
invaluable to a community Mr. Luckenbach has been, 
engaged in this special branch of business in Bethle- 
hem since 1871, and has won the confidence and esteem 
of the citizens by his uniform courtesy and strict atten- 
tion to their wants. He has in his store a carefully 
selected stock of pure and fresh drugs, and also proprie- 
tory medicines of standard reputation, and an elegeni 
assortment of toilet requisites and perfumery, besides 
carrying a heavy stock of paints, oils, glass, etc. The 
neat and attractive store occupied has a depth of 50 feet, 
with a width of 20 feet, in the rear of which are two ware- 
houses for the storage of heavy commodities. He em- 
ploys several competent assistants in his business, and 
enjoys a large and liberal patronage. Mr. Luckenbach 
is a regular graduate of the Philadelphia College of 
Pharmacy, and gives his special attention to the com- 
pounding of prescriptions. As a thorough and skilled 
ed pliannacist he is highly spiken of by the m;ulical 
fraternity, who rely upon his care and skill in this im- 
portant and delicate branch of medicine. He was 
born in Bethlehem in 1849, and although a young man 
is an expert in his profession. He is a reliable and 
conscientious merchant and citizen. 



A. K. SWARTZ, 

Boots, Shoes, Trunks, etc, 113 South Main 

Street. 
A representative house in Bethlehem in the boot and 
shoe trade is that of Mr. A. K. Swartz, who established 
the business originally in 1870 at No. 76 South Main 
Street, removing to his present location in 1881, where 
with every facility and greater convenences he is con- 
ducting a large and steadily growing business. The 
store has a depth of 45 feet with a frontage of 15 feet, 
and is admirably arranged for the accommodation of 
liatrons, who can at all times rely on finding a full and 
complete line of boots and shoes for ladies, misses and 
and gentlemen's wear, carefully selected from the choice 
stocks of the best manufacturers, tfigcther with a line 
of trunks, valises, and traveling satchels in great vari- 
ety and styles. Mr. Swartz is a native of Allen town- 
ship, Northampton county, but has been a resident of 
Bethlehem for many years where he is well known, 
and has by close attention to business and always evin- 
cing a desire to please his jiatrons made himself popu- 
lar with a large class of citizens. Besides his neat and 
attractive store in Bethlehem, he conducts the same 
lime of business at Catasauqua, at which place choice 
goods may be found. Tlic general appearance of his 
store and the stock of goods containi'd in it, is seconded 
t<j no otlicr similar c.^i.iiilislimcnt in the State, and is a 
credit and an ornament to the town. 



RESOURCES OF THE T-EHIGH VAT.T.EY. 



85 



H. B PIUfiKKT. 

Photogkapiier, No. 142 South Main Str eet. 

The populur photogruphfr of Bethlehem is Mr. H. U. 
Eggert, who occupies the galleries that were I'onuerly 
conducted by J. S. Keitmeyer. As a photographic urii.st 
Mr. Eggert has achieved a high reputation iu this viciu- 
ity , his pictures always showiug a graceful and easy pose, 
a I'.delity to nature and a completness of linish not 
always obtainahle by those who are not perfect master 
of the photographic art. He executes all kinidsof work, 
from the dignified imperial cabinet picture, to the carte, 
visile and all his ettbrtsshow that some care and perfect 
liuish for which he has become celebrated. In the re- 
ception parlor arc displayed many fine specimens of his 
artistic skill, which are greatly admired, and which 
have attracted to his gallery a large patronage from all 
sections of the surrounding country. Mr. Eggarthasbjcn 
engaged iu the photographic business for some time, 
and since he has been engaged on his own account 
iu Bethlehem has been very successful. He is from 
Philadelphia, but has resided in Bethlehem for up- 
wards of twelve years. 

He has issued a neat pamphlet containing many 
hints about the photographic art which should be iu 
the hands of eycry one. It can be had gratis on appli- 
tion. 



J. M. FAHS, 

Wholesale and Ketail Dealer in Confec- 
tionery, Canned Goods, Fish, Oysters, etc., No. 
i Broad Street. 

^'his is one of the establishments where the citizens 
of Bethlehem and the surrounding country obtain their 
supplies ot those delicacies so much sought after by the 
careful housewife. It is conducted by Mr. J. M. Fahs, 
who, in connection with his brother, Mr. H. Fahs, estab- 
lished the business about fifteen years ago. It was 
afterward carried on under the name of J. M. Fahs & 
Co., and in 1S7S he become the sole proprietor. A 
general stock of Canned Fruits, Fish, Oysters, Vege- 
tables, etc., is always to be found here, also a full line 
of (Candies and Confectionery. Thetrade is both whole- 
sale and retail, and extends throughout the I-ehigh 
Valley, where a large annual business is carried on. 

Mr. J. M. Fahs is a native of Maryland, but has for 
ni iny years been a resident of Bethlehem, where he 
has become popular as a caterer to the wants of the 
citizens in a great variety of choice and excellent arti- 
cles for table use. He is a prompt business man and 
careful of his customers wants. 



BRUNNER & SIEGFRIED, 

M.vcHiNisTs, No. 14-T South Main Strket. 
Messrs. Brunner & Siegfried, the practical machinists 
of No. 14ri South Main Street, below the Eagle Hotel, 
conduct a large general business iu the manufacture of 
models and experimental machinery which they make 
to order. The business was oiiginally established in 
1M77 by Mr. E. II. Brunner, and in ISSO lie associated with 
him Mr. T. F. Siegfried. Their siH'cial branch of busi- 
ness is one requiring skill and a thorough mastery of 
machinery, and there is no one more fully capable of 
performing any and all kinds of this work than the 
members of this firm. Being practical machinists they 
al.so give special attention to the repairing of Steam 
Engines and Boilers, Printing Presses and Macliinery, 
and tools of all kinds and descriptions, and make a 
specialty of adjusting and repairing Sewing Machines. 
Mes.srs. Brunner & Siegfried arc rated among the most 
skillful mechanics in thi> part of I'cnn-^ylvania. a fact 
at once demonstrateii by the constiuu demands made 
upon their services. They are both enterprising and 
ingenious, and are highly spoken of by the community. 



BCHHEK & MIK.^CH, 

l/f.MBEH AND Coal, Canal Street, Wesi of 
Main. 

Messrs. Borhek &, Miksch are the owners and pri)- 
prietors of the only lumber yard in Bethlehem. Tb<; 
business was first began by Weiss & Rice, in 1832, who 
were succeeded by Henry G. Guetter in 1835, they by 
Borlick iV; Knauss in 1848, who in turn were succeeded by 
Borliek. Knauss & Miksch in 1800. In 1879 Mr. Knaxiss 
retired from active business, and the concern has con- 
tinued to be conducted by the present lirm. The yards 
cover two acres of ground, on which is erected a large 
building for storing lumber, and is well supfdied witli 
shedding for coal. It is situated directly on the Lehigh 
and Susquehanna Division of the New Jersey Central 
railroad and well furnished with .sidings for the recci>- 
tion and .shipment of freight. An extensive business 
in lumber and coal is carried on by the firm, and a large 
trade from the adjacent country is supplied by theni. 
The stock of lumber comprises all the various grades of 
oak, pine and hemlock, shingles, lathes, etc., and care- 
fully selected and thoroughly screened coal for family 
and maunlacluring purposes. About 1,CKXJ,0(K1 feet of 
lumbef, and many hundred tons of coal are handled 
aunimlly. Mr. A. C. Borhek is a native of Bethlehem, 
and is a well-known enterprising ntid useful citizen. 
Mr. L. A. Miksch is a native of Nazareth, where he was 
born in IM'O, and has resided in Bethlehem about thirty 
years. 

The firm of Borhek <fc Miksch since they have cou- 
du<'tcd this business. Iiave always enjoyed a lucrative 
aud steady trade, and their enterprise is looked upon as 
one of the prominent representatives of this branch of 
business in this section of Pcnnsvlvania. 



F. G. DEGELOW. 

Carver and Turner in Ivory and Wood and 
Dealer in Fancy Goods, No. 31 North Main 
Street. 
In Mr. Degelow's store will be found a great variety 
of fancy aud useful articles, turned and carved in many 
graceful and grotesque shapes, which are unique and 
beautiful, and comprise all kinds of ornaments iu ivory 
and wood, walking canes, meerschaum and wood pipes 
etc. He also has a large stock of toys, and keeps a full 
line of fislung tackle. Mr. Degelow is a practical and 
skillful turner and carver as is evidenced by the many 
beautiful specimens of his handiwork to be found iu 
the store. He is a native of Germany, and has reside<l 
in this country for twenty-five years, three of which was 
spent in New York city and twenty-two in Bethlehem. 
He enjoys a large and lucrative patronage and his work 
is highly spoken of by all classes of the connnunity. 

F. R. BORHEK, 

Boots and Shoes, No. VM Main Street. 
This is probably one of the oldest business houses in 
Bethlehem engaged in the boot and shoe trade. It was 
started iu 1848 by the present projirictor, who has for 
\ipwards of thirty-one ycai-s been located at No. VM 
South Main street catering to the wants of a large class 
of customers. The store has a double front anil is 18x;si> 
1 feel in size with an adjoining room 12x3(i feet dimen- 
sions, each of which are devoteil exclusively to this 
branch of trade. .■V large and full stock comprising a 
general assortment c>f boots and shoes for men, wo- 
men, misses and children, is always carried and a large 
♦trade is conducted. By reast)n of his being so long es- 
tablished in the same place, Mr. Borhek has become 
one of the best known men and his business place one 
of the most pojiular in the borough of Bethlehem. He 
is a native of Bethlehem and one of her oldest citizens, 
having been born in 1822. He is a careful busiacss 
man, upright lUid conscientious. 



m 



RESOURCES OF TlIE LKIIKJII VAT.I.KV, 



B. !C. IJ':H>rAN', 

Leiiiuh Vallky Bkass Works. 
This busiuess, the largest in its special Hue of pro- 
duction in this section of the State, was established in 
ISS'l by Ernst Lehniau, and continued by him uutil 
1857, when the present proprietor assumed control. lu 
lS03he erected the present substantial buildings located 
in South Bethlehem, near the depot, where he manu- 
factures a general line of Brass Work for Steam, Water 
and Gas purposes, such as Brass Cocks, Globe Valves, 
Whistles, Gauge Cocks, Oil Cups, Brass and Composition, 
Castings, Babbit and Anti-Friction Metals, etc. The 
character of the work is up to a higli standard of excel- 
lence, and has made for the house a permanent trade 
throughout the coal and iron regions of Pennsylvania, 
Xew Jersey and adjoining States. Facilities of au 
exceptional order are enjoyed, and in addition to the 
work already stated, the works produce several special- 
ties of merit and value, among tliem being Koss' Patent 
Gate Valves, Patent Oil Cups and Gauge Cocks, and 
Lehman's Patent Hydrants. Tlie number of men era- 
ployed is from twenty-five to thirty, and seven melting 
furnaces are iu constant use. They utilize from 10,0(iO 
to 12,fXKJ pounds of metal weekly, exclusive of iron 
ca.stings used for valves and cocks. Car Brasses are 
also largely manufactured. In addition to this enter- 
prise, Mr. Lehman is Vice President of the Lehigh Car 
Company, and is very active in its management. 
Several others claim his attention, among them being 
the South Bethlehem Gas aud Water Works. He is a 
gentleman tlioroughly alive to the interest of this sec- 
tion of the State, the works aud enterprises with which 
he is connected, distinguishing him as a thoroughly ac- 
tive earnest man of business. 



CHAR. F. BROWN. 

LUMBEH, BrOADHEAD AvENUE, CORNER TlIIRD 

Street. 
A prominent liouse engaged iu this trade is that of 
Mr. Chas. F. Brown, who has lieen prominently identi- 
fied with it since is~4, and who occupies a large yard, 
having dimcnliimsof looxl.iO feet, in whicli he carries a 
stock of 'J'iri.OOU feet of well seasoned oak, pine, and 
heml,ock, planks, boards, joist, and pickets, most of 
which is under shedding, specially erected for the pur- 
pose. He conducts a flourishing trade, reaching up- 
wards of 1,000,000 feet per annum. Mr. Chas. F. Brown 
is a native of the State of New York, and since his resi- 
dence here has became popular with the trade and is 
regarded as a reliable, straight-foiward business man. 



HENRY BEAHM, 

Fashion'abi,e Boots and Suoe.s, Sun Building. 
Among the new additions to the mercantile commun- 
ity of Bethlehem is tlie boot and shoe house of Mr- 
Henry Beahm, which he opened iu April 1881. Mr. 
Beahm is a native of Betlilehem, l)ut has passed most 
of liis life iu mercantile pursuits in I'hiladelpliia, with 
the exception of about ten years, when he was engaged 
iu business in his native borough. He brings to bear 
upon the business which he is now conducting a 
thorough practical training and au ability of the high- 
est order. He begun tin's line of trade under the most 
favorable auspices and is gratilied at the substantial pa- 
tronage he has drawutowards liim. This he has obtain- 
ed by close attention to the wants of his patrons and 
keeping a full and well sedecled stock of the most 
fashionable boots aud slioes, for men's, women's and 
misses and children's wear, from the leading pro- 
ducers iu the large cities. These goods are all of the best 
material and workmanship, neat and comfortable and 
well fitting. Mr. Beaiims specialty is making fine 
boots and shoes to order, which he turns out iu the best 
style, always guaranteeing ease aud confort to the 
wearer. In this department four hands are constautly 
employed aud a large custom is enjoyed. 



LUCY FURNACE CO., 

(ii.KNDoN, Northampton Countv. Office, Bf.tii- 
i.ehem. 

Referring to the well-knowu Lucy Furnace, its pop- 
ularity justly entitles it to a prominent position among 
the resources of the Leliigli Valley. In 1S70 this fur- 
nace was erected by Fulnier, Uhler & Co., who, after 
ten years of proprietorship, were succeeded by the pres- 
ent firm. The works consist of one stack sixty feet high, 
and fourteeii feet bosh, with cast house of brick, engine 
house of sanie material, and stock house of frame. The 
capacity of the furnace is 8,000 tons per annum, em- 
ploying thirty hands, aud using an engine of thirty-two 
inch cylinder. The ground includes about eighteen 
acres, upon which are located a row of ten houses for 
workmen. The pig iron is shipped to no particular point, 
but wherever the demand of the trade finds for it a 
market. The furnace is located in the uiii)er end of 
Glendon Borough, upon a strip of land lying between 
the Lehigh canal aud river, and is couvenieut for ship- 
ment of iron, or the receipt of coal and ore. 

The Lucy Furnace Company is composed of Mr. E. P. 
Wilbur, the well-known banker of Bethlehem; Mr. G. 
B. Linderman, president of the Lehigh Valley National 
Bank, of Bethlehem, aud well-known throughout the 
Valley, and Judge Greene, of Easton, one of tire Justices 
of the Supreme Court of the State. 

The furnace is in charge of Mr. W. A. Wilbur, as super- 
intendent, a young gentleman of enterprise and busi- 
ness sagacity. The Lucy Furnace has a reputation 
throughout the Eastern States for excellent No. 1 foun- 
dry iron, but of a liard grade used in castings where 
great strength is desirable. 

MATHIAS UHL, 

Laher BeerBrewer, Corner Union and|Monoc- 

Acv Streets. 
The brewing of lager beer has become one. of the 
greatest industries in the United States, aud is con- 
ducted generally by men of large capital, enterprise 
and industry. The brewery of Mr. Mathias Uhl, who 
has for the past sixteen years occupied the premises 
and conducted the business that was originally estab- 
lished by Mr. Schilling, is a stone structure, aud has all 
the modern appliances and machiuery used in the busi- 
ness, aud a large quantity is produced annually wliich 
is sold to tlie local trade of Bethlehem, and sent to dif- 
ferent parts of the Lehigh Valley, where it has a high 
reputatioii for its purity and general excellence as .a 
mild tonic aud agreeable and healthful beverage. Mr. 
Uhl since he has been engaged in this business has be- 
come jtopular with a large class of the community, aud 
his production takes rank with any beer brewed in this 
section of the State. 



J. D SNYDER, 

Dry (rooDs, AND House-Furnishini.; Good.s, 

Broad Corner New Street. 
One of the prominent business men in Bethlehem is 
Mr. J. D. S'liyder, who has for years been promptly iden- 
tified with mercantile interests of the borough. He 
was born in the vicinity of Bethlehem, at Scheoners- 
ville, and was for a time engaged in the b )0t and shoe 
trade.' The house of which he is now the proprietor, was 
established many years ago, and previous to it coming 
into his hands was conducted by Messrs M. H. & J. I). 
Snyder. The stock comprises a full line ot dry goods, 
groceries and house-furnishing goods in great variety, 
carefully selected, whicli are displayed in a fine large 
store, and neatly and tastefully arrauged for examina- 
tion. Since Mr. J. D. Snyder lias been engaged iu this 
line of trade, his sales Iiave been largely augmented by 
the addition of many new patrons, whi<'h he has drawn 
to him by his uniform courtesy, andcndcavors to please. 
He is recognized as one of the popular business men of 
Bethlehem. 



THE LEHIGH VALLEY RAILROAD, 



THE PrREA-T FACTOR IN THE PROSPERITY OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY A WELL 

MANAGED COMPANY THE PICTURESQUE ROUTE TO THE WEST SU- 
PERIOR EQUIPMENTS AND STONE-BALLASTED ROAD-BED. 



The Leliigli Valle^' Railroad traverses one of 
the richest and most picturesque regions of the 
United States. It was originated and projected 
by the late Asa Packer, who was president of the 
corporation for many years, and always a highly 
influential and valued member of its manage- 
ment up to the hour of his death. This import- 
ant railroad was originally incorporated under 
the name of the Delaware, Lehigh, Schuylkill 
and Susquehanna Railroad Company, by the act 
of Assembly, passed April 21, 184G. 

The commissioners named in the Act of In- 
corporation advertised for subscriptions of 
stock on the 2nd of June, 1846, and adjourned 
the opening of the books from day to day, and 
from time to time, for at least twenty times, and 
it was not until the 2nd day of August, 1847, that 
a sufticent amount of stock could be secured. 
On that day they had 5,002 shares of stock sub- 
scribed, and $5 on each share of stock, amount- 
uig to $25,010 paid in. October 21, 1847, the 
following othcers were elected ; President, James 
M. Porter; Managers, Dudley S. Gregory, John 
S. Dorsey, Jolin P. Jackson, Daniel Melntyre, 
Edward R. Riddle and John N. Hutchinson; 
Treasurer, John N. Hutchinson. 

The lirst aurvcy of the road was made during 
the montJis of Octol)er, November and December, 
iS;5f), from the mouth of the Mohoning creek to 
Easton. After several unsuccessful attempts at 
constructing the road, the late Asa Packer be- 
came the purchaser of a large amount of the 
stock which had been suhscribcd, and com- 
menced efforts to get additional stock subscril)ed 
and the road constructed. September 13, 1852, 
Robert H. Say re, was appointed chief engineer, 
and on the 27th of November, 1852, Judge 
Packer submitted a proposition for constructing 
the railroad from opposite Mauch Chunk, where 
it would intersect the Beaver Meadow Railroad, 



to the river Delaware at Easton, where it would 
intersect the New Jersey Central and tlie Belvi- 
dere Delaware Railroads, for a consideration, to 
be paid in stock and bonds of the Company, 
which was accepted by the stockholders, at a 
meeting in which all the stockholders, represent- 
ing 5,150 shares of stock, were present. January 
7, 1853, the name of the Company was changed 
by act of Assembly to that of the Lehigh Valley 
Railroad Company. Although the formal con- 
tract with Judge Packer for the construction of 
the road was nut signed until 12th of Febuary, 
1853, yet he began the work immediately atler 
the acceptance of this otfer, on the 27th of No- 
vember, 1852, by commencing the deep rock cut 
at Easton. 

September 24, 1855, the contractor. Judge Pack- 
er, delivered the road to the company and it 
was accepted. Judge Packer in the construction 
of the road encountered great difficulties and 
embarrassment, from the rise in the price of 
provisions and necessaries of hands, the sickli- 
ness of some of the seasons, the failvires of sub- 
contractors and the necessary re-letting the work 
at advanced prices, and the difficulty in raising 
money upon and disposing the bonds of the 
company, from the stringency of the money- 
market; but with an energy and perseverance 
seldom met with, he worked through it all. 

In October, 1855, the road was opened from 
Ea-ston and Mauch Chunk, and the following 
year the company's office was removed to Phil- 
adelphia, where its principal business has since 
been transacted. 

The following year, 1857, witnessed the com- 
pletion of the North Penn road at Bethlehem, 
which gave the Lehigh an outlet to Philadel- 
phia. The same year the Catasauqua and Fogels- 
ville railroad was finished, and two years later 
the East Pennsylvania was put in operation be- 



88 



EESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH YALT.EY. 



tween Allentown and Harrisburg. In 18G0'tlic 
extensive shops of the company were built at 
South Easton, and in 1864 the Beaver Meadow 
and tlie Penn Haven and Wliite Haven Railroads 
were merged with the Lehigh Valley, and in 1865 
the Wilkesbarre extension was projected and 
opened two years later. The Lehigh and Mahon- 
ey road was absorbed in 1866, and the Nortli 
Branch Canal between Wilkesbarre and the New 
York State line, a distance of 105 miles, was pur- 
chased with the privilege of laying a track. The 
year 1868 brought the absorption of the Hazlo- 
\ ton and the Lehigh and Luzerne roads; 1869 the 
opening of the Pennsylvania and New York Ca- 
nal and Railroad Company to Waverly, N. Y. 

In 1870 a third rail was laid on the Erie Rail- 
way, enabling the trains of the Lehigh Valley 
road to run through to Elmira, N. Y., and trains 
were also run to Auburn, connecting Avith the 
New York Central, via. the Southern Central. 
The Lehigh in 1871 purchased the property of 
the Morris Canal and Banking Company, giving 
them extensive water facilities from Pliillips- 
burg to Jersey City, and in 1872 the New Jersey 
legislature granted a charter for the construction 
of the Bound Brook and Easton Railroad, which 
was subsequently changed by consolidation with 
the Perth Amboy and Bound Brook Railroad 
to Easton and Amboy Railroad. The Lehigli 
Valley also operate the Pennsylvania and New 
York; Geneva, Itliaca and Sayre, and the Buffalo 
Creek Railroads, in New York. 

It will thus be seen that the growth of the Le- 
high Valley has been steady and at every addi- 
tion extending itself over territories that proved 
of profit to its business, which clearly indicates 
with what wisdom and foresight it has been 
managed. 

The twenty-sixth annual repert of the compa- 
ny shows a carriage during 1880 of the following 
freight, in tons of 2,000 pounds : Anthracite coal, 
5,093,098; bituminous coal, 66,310; petroleum 
and other oils, 238,951 ; pig iron, 335,096; railroad 
iron, 99,232; iron and other ores, 707,052 ; stone 
and lime, 107,286; live stock, 29,035; lumber, 
120,140; others articles, 1,391,919. During the 
same time the road carried 1,277,428 passengers. 
The total receipts for the year from the trans- 
portation of coal, freight, passengers, express and 
nuiil, amounted to $8,600,938.18, and the expenses 
were $4,002,357.60, leaving net earnings to tlie 
amount of $4,598,580.58. This report includes all 
the roads operated by the Lehigh Valley Road. 

The coal is mined in the districts of Wyoming, 
Hazleton, Upper Lehigh, Beaver Meadow, Ma- 
honey, Mauch Chunk and Port Republic. A 
third of it being carried over the New Jersey 
Division. 

Tlic equipment comprises 255 engines of all 
classes, about 125 passenger, baggage and express 
and 27,574 coal and other cars, not including a 
uumber of gravel, wreck and tool cars. Tliere 



ire 714i miles (jf track, including branches, side 
tracks, etc.; of this, 41U miles aresteel rails. The 
equipment of the Pa. and X. Y. Canal and R. R. 
I Companies (report of 1879) comprises 50 locomo- 
tives, 1,680 cars of all kinds, and 222 miles of rail, 
one-half of it being steel. 

The construction and repair shops of the main 
line are located at Packerton and Easton, and are 
very extensive and complete, substantially built 
and give constant employment to about eight 
hundred men. The station at Packerton is also 
the headquarters for the weighing and shipmenv 
of coal. At Sayre, upon the other line, the com- 
pany have recently erected a new brick building, 
62x112 feet, which will be followed by others, 
wherein the general repairs of locomotive and cars 
will be done. The road is of the uniform guage 
of four feet, eight and a half inches, and the rails 
are in weight, tifty-eight and sixty-six pounds. 
Un the road there are 61 bridges, of which, 23 are 
wood, 5 stone, 29 iron, and 4 wood trestles. The 
railroad continues on the south side of the Lehigh 
river until Packerton is reached, when it takes 
the opposite side and after that it crosses tlie 
river several times. On the nuiiii road there are 
69 stations, and on the branches, 40, there are alsa 
5 on leased roads. In the various departments 
there are regularly employed, including officials, 
3,800. 

The Lehigh Valley Railroad C\)mpany own ex- 
tensive coal fields, frem which are mined millions 
of tons annually. Tliey also own and operate 
about five hundred miles of telegrapli lines. 

The passenger trains of this road are composed 
of first-class, well equipped cars, supplied with 
the Westinghouse automatic air brake, and all 
other modern conveniences for the safety and 
c inifort of those who patronize the road. On all 
through trains are run tlie Pulman parlor and 
sleeping coaches. 

A noticeable feature of the Leliigh Valley Rail- 
road corporation is an organized relief fund for 
the benefit of employees who are injured while 
discharging their duties; the fund being main- 
tained by the voluntary contributions of the em- 
ployees, to which the Companys add a simular 
amount. Its benefits are also available by the 
employees of the Pa., and N. Y. Canal and R. R. 
Co., and of the Geneva, Itliaca & Sayre R. R. Co. 
This plan, together with the generous provisions 
of Hon. Asa Packer in his will, for the relief of 
the sick and disabled employees of the L. V. R. 
R. serves to identify them with the interest of 
the company and acts as a constant stimulus ta 
faithful and zealous service. 

The officers of the Lehigh Valley Company, 
are as follows; President, Charles Hartshone, of 
Philadelphia; Vice President, Harry E. Packer, 
of Maucli Chunk; Treasurer, Lloyd Chamber- 
lain, of Pliiladelitliia; Secretary, John R. Fan- 
shawe, of Philadelphia; General Superintendent 
and Ciiief Engineer, Robert H. Sayre, of Beth- 



RESOURCES OF THE LKlflGII VALLEY. 



leliem; Assistant General Supcrintc'iulent, II. 
Stanley Goodwill, of Bethlehem ; Coal liranches 
Division Superintendent, James I. Blakslee, of 
Mauch Chunk; Superintendent New Jersey Di- 
vision, H. E. Packer, of Mauch Chunk ; Superin- 
tendent Beaver Meadow Division, A. G. Brodhead 
Jr., of Mauch Chunk; Superintendent Wyoming 
Division, Alexander Mitchell, of Wilkesbarre; 
General Freight Agent, John Taylor; General 
Passenger Agent, E. B Byington ; Purchasing 
Agent, Lloyd Chamberlain; Board of Directoi-s, 
William A. Ingliam, George B. Markle and Joseph 
Patterson, Philadelphia; Harry E. Packer and 
James I. Blakslee, Mauch Chunk ; David Thomas, 
Catasauqua; Ashbel Welch, Lanibertville, N. J; 
Willliam L. Comyngham, Wilkesbarre; Ario 
Pardee, Hazleton ; Robert H. Say re, Bethlehem; 
Robert A. Packer, Sayre, Pa; E. P. Wilbur, Beth- 
lehem ; The principal otfice of the Company is 
238 South Third Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 

The officers of the Pa. and N. Y. Canal and 
Railroad Company, (which is leased by the Le- 
Valley,) are, President, Robert H. Sayre; Treas- 
urer. Charles Harlshone; Secretary, John R. 



Fanshawc; General Superintendent^ Robert, A. 
Packer; Assistant Suprrintt-ndent. H.S.Goodwin; 
Auditor, JoLn B. Garrett; General Freight Agent, 
John Taylor; Directors: Charles Hartslione, 
Philadelphia; Robert A. Packer, Towanda, Pa.; 
Vict-yr E. I'iollet, Wysox, Pa.; Robert H. Sayre, 
Bethlehem ; Harry E. Packer. James I. Blakslee, 
Mauch Chunk, Pa.; Garret B. Linderman. Wil- 
liam H. Sayre, Elisha I*. ^Vilbllr. Robert Lockhart, 
Bethlehem ; John J.Taylor. Oswego, N. Y. J. 
Henry Swoyer, John W. Ilollenbaik. Wilk(^sbarre, 
Pa. 

The success of the Leiiigh Valley Railroad ]ia.s 
been achieved by wise, cautious and economic^al 
management, in Avhich the late Asa I'acker was 
conspicious from the inception of the scheme to 
the day of his death. Always officered by some of 
the strongest and ablest men of Pennsylvania, it 
has adhered to the principles of a policy at OEce 
liberal and conservative, and there are but few 
railroad corporations in tlie United States whose 
administration ha" been so entirely satisfactory 
to their stuckholders. 




MZHRETH BOROUGH. 



A QUIET AND PLEASANT INLAND TOWN, IN THE CENTRE OF A rvTrn VGRICUL- 

TURAL DISTRICT LAID OUT WITH WIDE STREETS AND BUILT UP 

IN A VERY NEAT AND SUBSTANTIAL MANNER. 



Almost in the'geogvaphical centre of Northamp- 
ton county, and about an equal distance from 
Easton and Bethlehem, the former to the east 
and the latter to the south, is located the beauti- 
ful and quiet town of Nazareth. Occupying an 
elevated portion of the land, it can be seen at 
some distance as the traveler approaches it from 
any point, and once within its borders, and after 
becoming acquainted with its hospitable people, 
he would feign to cast his lot with them so pleas- 
ant and agreeable all api^ear. 

Nazareth dates its origin back more than a cen- 
tury, even before the site of the settlement of 
Bethlehem liad received its first visitor, the hardy 
sons were clearing the land upon which Nazareth 
wa.s soon after founded. 

After the Moravian settlement in Georgia, in 
■consequence of a requirement by tiie government 
to bear arms in the war declared between Eng- 
land and Spain in 1738, was broken up, some of 
them proceeded to Pennsylvania the same year, 
and others followed in 1739. The remainder left 
there in 1740 under the guidance of Peter Boeh- 
ler, and were employed by a Mr. Whitefield to 
assist in erecting a building for educating negroes, 
on a tract of land he had bought, which he 
called Nazareth. The company worked there 
until September, when they left, owing to some 
trouble and commenced the settlement of Beth- 
lehem. Subsequently he was compelled to sell 
his land, and it was all purchased by the Mora- 
vians. 

The year following the purchase, the building 
was continued and finished before the closing of 
the year, and in January 2, 1744, the first relig- 
ious meeting was held in the house. Two years 
later, July 26, 174(5, Whitefield paid a visit to the 
settlement and expressed himself as much aston- 
ished to .see so many improvements. During 
the tenure of this noble domain by the industrious 



Moravains, which they held intact till near the 
beginning of the Revolution, they made many 
improvements, establishing prior to 1752 several 
small settlements, among them being Old Naza- 
reth and New Nazareth ; of the Old, nothing re- 
mains save its ruins, and of the New came the 
present borough of Nazareth. Near the site 
of Old Nazareth stands the Whitefield house, 
one of the most interesting monuments of the 
olden time in this country extant. This staunch 
structure was some years ago purchased by a 
friend of the Moravians, remodeled, converted 
into a house for retired missionaries and donated 
it in trust to that people. 

In 1755 the Moravians erected a spacious stone 
mansion, west of the Old Nazareth settlement, 
which they designed for the residence of Count 
Zinzcndorf, (a saxon nobleman of wealth of their 
faith, who spent some time in this section in 
1742,) who was expected to return to this country. 
Failing to do so, the house was converted into a 
school, and here, in October of 1785, was estab- 
lished that well-known and popular boarding 
school of the American Moravian church — Naza- 
reth Hall. 

During the Frencli and Indian war, in 1756, 
several of the Manor farms were stockaded, and 
the places offered refuge to the fugitive inhabi- 
tants of the upper tier of townships. Provincial 
troops were stationed at these stockades. In the 
Spring of 1771 New Nazareth was laid out around 
Nazareth Hall, and this became the principal 
place on the barony, and when it ceased to be a 
close denoniinational settlement, grew apace, and 
in 1858 was incorporated into a borough. 

The schools of Nazareth have always been 
a prominent feature of the town, and have given 
it a name widely known throughout the country. 
Nazareth Hall is still recognized as an important 
factor in the education of this section, and being 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH A^ALLEY. 



Si 



delightfully situated, with ample grounds 
with shrubl)erv and Hdwers, forms a pleasant 
retreat for the young ladies while pursuing their 
path in the search of knowledge. During tlie 
many yea,rs of its history it lias sent out two 
thousand alumni, and they are found in almost 
every section of the country. At various times 
.since the establishment of the school, there have 
been fifteen i)rincipals. 

When Nazareth became a borough in the Spring 
of 1858, one ]>ublic school was sufficient to ac- 
commodate all the children in the district. The 
directors fixed the term at ten months, and em- 
ployed one teacher, a female. In June, 1861, the 
board opened two schools for the term, and in 1868 
a two-story brick school house was built, con- 
taining two- rooms, and in connection with a 
building of smaller building near by served for 
the public school purposes until 1873, when 
another department was opened, making in 
addition to the Moravian school, four for the 
borough. 

Although Nazareth has a population of fifteen 
hundred, the town is destitute of a railroad, the 
nearest point for them being at Bath, on the 
Lehigh and Lackawanna railroad. Steps have 
already been taken, however, by which the 
borough will have connection with the out- 
side world by rail. The proposed road will most 
likely be a continuation of the Catasauqua and 
Fogelsville Railroad, running from the former 
place through Nazareth, into the Bangor slate 
region. This, when completed, will enhance the 



prosperity of the town, and many decided im- 
provements will be made. 

The fair grounds of the Northampton County 
Agricultural Society are located within the 
borough limits, and within a square of the cen- 
tre of the town. The grounds are complete in 
all their appointments, possessing ample buildings 
for every purpose and erected in a neat and sub- 
stantial manner. 

Nazareth is well built, the streets being widt^ 
and shaded and the driveways clean and welt 
graded. Few tiwns of its size possesses a finer or 
more healthful location, fewer still e.xercise so 
careful attention with the affairs that tend to 
promote the comfort and convenience of the in- 
habitants. At the intersection of the principal 
streets, a large public square was laid out when 
starting the town, and is now a green and at- 
tractive spot of ground. 

The industries of the town are varied, and 
comprise in part, of a guitar factorj', the most 
prominent one in the United States, agricul- 
tural works and machine shops, carriage shops, 
planing mill, numerous mercantile houses, and 
several very good hotels. There is considerable 
business centred here, the country round about 
being unexcelled in richness by any in the 
county. 

In the business houses of Nazareth that adorn 
these pages will be fotmd the leading ones of the , 
town, and worthy the support and patronage of 
the entire community. 



C. F. MARTIN & CO., 

Manufactukers of Guitars, Corner Main and 
North Streets. 

Few industries are better known than that of Messrs. 
C. F. Martin & Co., manufacturers of Guitars, who are 
now conducting a business that was established in the 
early part of the present century. The father of the 
senior of the present tirm, wliile living in Vienna, Aus- 
tria, early began the manufacture of their instruments, 
and soon established for himself a permanent reputa- 
tion which had extended to the shores of America.— 
Believing that this country would naturally become 
liberal supporters of an enterprise of this kind, he ar- 
rived in New York city in 1833, where he continued his 
manufacture until 1S;>9, and then removed to Nazaratli. 

In 18t>9 the present tirm of C. F. Martin & Co., suc- 
ceeded, and have since conducted the enterprise. They 
manufacture all kinds of Guitars of rosewood, in differ- 
ent finkh, and ranging in price from $o6 to $90. These 
instruments have been used by all first-class profestors, 
and are thoroughly known by all music houses, pro- 
fessors, teachers, and amateur players of the Guitar 
throughout the country. It is the aim of the manufac- 
turers to furnish the best guitar that can be produced, 
and in that they have certainly succeeded, they staud- 
ing to-day without a rival, The tirm are in possessioa 
of testimonials from the leading solo players in this 
country and Europe, and wherever tried their instru- 
ments are pronounced the finest toned and the handsom- 
est finished of any in the market. They are all shipped 
direct to the agents, C. A. Zoebisch & Sons, 46 Maiden 
Lane, New York. 

The senior of the firm, Mr. C. F. Martin, was born In 



Vienna, Austria, in 1825, coming to this country in 1833 
Avith his father, and upon reaching the proper age enter- 
ed the factory, where he has always continued. Thor- 
oughly understanding the business, through many years 
of practical experience, he has not only maintained th e 
high reputation of the instruments, but by some im- 
provements added much to them. He is now the Bur- 
gess of the Borough of Nazareth. Mr. C. F. Hartman, 
was born in Markneukirchen, Saxouy, in ISoO, and 
came to this country in 1839, since when he has been 
engaged in the present business. Like his partner, his 
experience extends over the greater part of his life , 
and to this knowledge is due the superiority of their 
Guitar. 

As an evidence of the high character of these instru- 
ments both as regards tone and fine workmanship it is 
only necessary to state that at the Franklin Institute 
Exhibition in Philadelphia in 181.5 the highest houor_ 
a silver medal, was awarded the manufacturers. And 
at the Great World's fair in the Crystal Palace held in 
New Y'ork in 1855, a medal was also awarded for their 
superiority. In 1876 at the Centennial Exhibition in 
Philadelphia where they were placed in competition 
with those of the best makers of the world, a medal 
and diploma, the highest honor, was accorded them for 
their richness and clearness of tone, beautiful finish 
and durability and general excellence and superiority 
over all others. This compliment was highly appre- 
ciated by the manufacturers, whose great aim is to keep 
their instruments up to the high standard they have 
attained, and in many instances g^eat improvements 
have been made in their construction which has greatly 
added to their already supreme qualities. 



92 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



R. F. BABP, 

Drugs, Books, Stationery, Etc., Main Street. 
The desirable sitiiation of the town of Nazareth, in 
the midst of a populous district, and the number of its 
inhabitants, has promoted the establishment of a num- 
"ber of first-class business houses. Prominent among 
those taking an honorable position, is the house of Mr. 
R. F. Babp, dealer in Drugs. Books, Stationery, etc., 
located on Main street, and in the most desirable busi- 
ness portion of the borough. The stock carried is much 
, lai-ger than is comni<5uly found in the stores of towns 
of similar size, comprising, as it does, a full and com- 
plete line of Drugs, Patent Medicines of all kinds, Chem- 
icals and Paints, Oils, Varnish, Glass, etc., as well as a 
very extended assortment of Books and Stationery. 
The prescription department forms an important feature 
in this establishmeut, it being under the supervision of 
the proprietor himself, and all prescriptious are com- 
pounded wEh the utmost precision. Choice Segars of 
the best foreign and domestic manufacture are also 
kept on hand. The store was established in 1861 by 
Mr. Thomas Hartzel ; Mr. Babp becoming the proprie- 
tor in 1SC8. It is large, having a depth of sixty-five feet 
and fitted with the couveniences for doing a first-class 
trade. 

Mr. Babp was born in Nazareth in 1841, and is one of 
its most prominent citizens. He fills the office of post- 
master, and is esteemed by the entire community as 
one of its honored and respected citizens. 

R. 0. BEITEL. 

Jeweler, Main Street. 

The well-known and popular jeweler of Nazareth, Mr. 
R. O. Beitel, has engaged in the trade since 1870, and is 
the successor to the oldest established business of this 
class in the borough. It was originally started in 1833 
by the present proprietor's father, and eleven years 
ago came into the hands of Mr. Beitel. The store is 
neatly arranged, and displays a fine stock of Watches, 
of both American and European manufacture, and a 
great variety of Jewelry of the most fashionable style 
and design, together with a full line of Silver and 
Plated Ware, etc., specially selected for first class trade. 
Mr. Beitel employs a practical watch maker, in this 
branch of the business he being a thorough adept, and 
his workmanship is highly appreciated by a large class 
of the people. 

Mr. Beitel is a native of Nazareth, and has always re- 
sided in the town, where he is well known for his in- 
tegrity and business capacity and is highly respected 
in the community. His facilities for obtaining every 
thing in his line of goods that is new, are equal to 
similar stores in larger communities, 

J. F. GIERING, 

Jeweler, Main Street. 

la 1875 Mr. J. F. Giering established the Jewelry bus- 
iness in Nazareth, and located his store a short distance 
below Centre Square, where he rapidly built up by care- 
ful attention and doing first-class work, a very desira- 
ble business. He carries a stock of Jewelry of the most 
modern style, and is continually adding to his assort- 
ment. Being a practical watchmaker, he thoroughly 
understands the watch trade, and persons doing bu.si- 
uess with him will find that he is in every respect relia- 
ble and guarantees his goods only after he is thorougly 
satisfied with their quality. Buying his stock direct of 
leading wholesale dealers and manufacturers he enjoys 
a decided advantage, and is thereby enable to maintain 
uniformly low prices. 

Mr. Giering is a native of Lehigh county, and for 
several years has been a resident of Nazareth, where he 
is regarded as an industrious and energetic business 
man and citizen. 



WILLIAM FKUTCHEY, 

Carriage Builder, Main Street. 

In 1875 the business of carriage building was estab- 
lished at the above stand by Frutchey & Roth, who 
continued it until March, 1880, when the present pro- 
prietor succeeded to the whole business, and he is now 
one of the leading carriage manufacturers in North- 
ampton County. The shops are located on Main 
street, and consists of a main building, two story in 
height, and in dimensions thirty-six by forty feet, with 
a rear building of thirty by one hundred feet. He is a 
first-class carriage manufacturer and as his reputation 
is becoming more and more wide spread, his busincvss 
is likewise increasing, and his trade extends not only 
throughout the county, but through the adjoining 
ones, and numerous other localities. He makes a 
specialty of light shifting-top and no-top buggies, and 
has built many of the.se haudsome vehicles. In the 
commodious salesroom may be seen a fair sample of 
the workmanship of this establishment, which certainly 
cannot fail to satisfy any competent judge of good work. 
He employs ten hands, and is at all times ready to ex- 
ecute orders promptly. Particular attention is given 
to repairing, and old wagons are made to look as bright 
as new. 

Mr. Frutchey was born in Richmond, Northampton 
County, and is one of the highly esteemed citizens of 
Nazareth. The trimming department of the establish- 
ment is under the supervision of Mr. James D. Roth 
who was formerly a member of the firm of Frutchly & 
Roth. He is a native of Nazareth, where he was born 
in 1852, and is a thorough practical man having learned 
his trade in Bethlehem, and was for a time engaged in 
one of the leading carriage works of Newark, New Jer- 
sey. He is skilled in his special branch of the business. 

Mr. Lewis H. Abel has entire charge of the wood- 
working and wheelwright shops. He was born in Porks 
Township, Northampton County, in 1813, and became 
proficient in his trade at Easton. He came to Naza- 
reth in 1859 and from 1875 to 1880 was with the firm of 
Frutchey & Roth and since that time with Mr. Frutch- 
ey. He is a careful and able workman and highly re- 
spected citizen. 

JOHN J. UNANGST, 

General Store, Corner Broad and Belvidere 
Steeets. 

There is no reason why the citizens of Nazareth or 
the people living in its vicinity should visit the large 
cities in order to purchase goods of any kind at retail. 
Ladies, for instance, have small need for any such dis- 
crimination, when so much is done for them at home 
by its enterprising merchants. The fine establishment 
of Mr. John J. Unangst, located at the corner of Broad 
and Belvidere streets, is a prominent example of how 
fully and economically these wants may be supplied. 

In the same business for many years, he opened this 
establishment in 1875,and has met with excellent success. 
He has always on hand a very superior stock of dress 
goods ir all the prevailing styles and qualities, to which 
is added a full line of all the staple prints, Muslins, 
Percales, Cambrics, Linens, and similar goods. His 
stock is especially varied in Ladies' Hosiery, Gloves, 
Handkerchiefs, Scarfs, etc. A complete assortment of 
all articles in the grocery department, fresh and pure, 
makes this one of the most desirable stores in the town. 
He carries a stock of hardware of aU kinds, together 
with Chinaware, Glassware, and many other articles of 
a useful and indispensable nature. 

Mr. Unangst is a native of Lower Nazareth township, 
where he resided until removing to Nazareth. He 
stands high in the business community, and is deserA'- 
edly one of the most popular and successful merchants 
in the borough. 



RESOURCES OF THE I.EHIGH VALLEY. 



93 



KREIDLER & MICHAEI,, 

Manufacturers of Carriages, Centre Square. 
Ouc of the leading firms iu Northampton county en- 
gaged in the manufacture of carriages, is located at 
Nazareth, where they have secured a high reputation 
for line and substantial work The firm are Messrs. 
Kreidler & Michael, who occupy the stand in Centre 
Square of that town. This business was established 
about 1845, and they succeeded to it in 1878, and have 
since very greatly increased the facilities for manu- 
facturing. The buildings occupied comprise several 
shops and warcrooms, the latter being two-stories, forty 
by fifty feet in dimensions, and ample for the storage of 
their stock. They employ ten hands, each of whom 
has been selected for lituess in liis particular depart- 
ment. The carriages and wagons built by this firm are 
celebrated for their lightness— where lightness is re- 
quired—strength, staying quality and beauty of finish. 
The materials are carefuly selected, special regard be- 
ing had to the wood, a large stock of which is always 
in stock undergoing the process of seasoning. The iron 
work receives particular attention, and the painting, 
varnishing, trimming and furnishing are equally tlie 
subject of skillful and faithful manipulation. A spe- 
cialty is made of Phaetons and Buggies, which have se- 
cured universal commendation wherever used. This 
lirm builds to order, or sells from its ready-made stock, 
carriages equal in every respect to those turned out by 
many large city manufacturers who are accustomed to 
charge fancy prices for mere prestige. Messrs. Kreidler 
<& Michael are cout.eut with a fair reaumeration for 



labor and material actually employed, and they have 
their reward in the decidedly prosperous condition of 
their business. 

Both members of the firm are natives of Nazareth, 
and thorough practical men in their business. They 
are pleasant and courteous to all, and make every effort 
to give satisfaction in their work. 



M. M. SMICKLEY, 

Cabinet Maker, Main Steet. 
One of the oldest established business stands in Naz- 
areth is that now occupied by Mr. M. M. Smickley, 
which had its origin in 1820, and since that time carried 
on successfully by ditferent parties. He succeeded to 
the business in 18s0, and is now engaged in manufactur- 
ing furniture of all kinds, and general cabinet make- 
ing. The shop occupied is of ample dimensions, two- 
story frame, and fitted with all the conveniences for the 
business. It is situated on Main street, a few doors 
above Centre Square. Mr. Smickley is a practical man 
at the trade, and is kept busy filling orders, and attend- 
ing to the general repairing department. All furniture 
manufactured is from well seasoned wood, and of 
thorough workmanship, and the equal of similar ar- 
ticles from any other establishment. Persons desiring 
furniture made to order would do well to give Mr. 
Smickley an opportunity to show his abilities in this 
direction, and to secure really substantial household 
articles. He i;> a young man uf industry aud eulei- 
prise. 




BOROUGH OF BATH. 



A PLEARAN-TTvY SITUATED TOWN, CONTAINING NUMEROUS INDUSTUIES AND SUK- 

EUU^J)KI) WITH EXCELLENT FARMING COUNTRY A SHORT SKI'MTii OF 

ITS HISTORY AND A REVIEW OF THE LEADING ENTERPRISES. 



Northampton County contains several active 
and thriving towns, independent of those situ- 
ated immediately on the Lehigh Valley Raih-oad, 
that own their origin and progress to tlie rich 
agricultural land that surround them. Among 
these towns the Borough of Bath must be given a 
prominent place, and has been included in this 
work as representing one of the most productive 
sections encompassed by the Lehigh Valley. 

Bath is located ten miles from Easton, the 
county seat; eight from Bethlehem, and ten from 
Allentown, and on the Lehigli and Lacliawanna 
Railroad, and the most prominent station on 
that road. In 1853 the village was incorporated 
into a borough, and has now attained a popula- 
tion of about 800. The town is well built, and is 
particularly neat and attractive, the streets 
being wide, and nicely shaded, making it a de- 
sirable place of residence. It has within its 
limits four churches — Ll^theran, Presbyterian, 
German Reformed and Methodist, and a large 
school building, containing tliree departments 
under the cliarge of competent and zealous in- 
structors. There are several secret organizations, 
two of them controlling public halls, known as 
the Mechanics Hall and Centre Hall. 

Batli has always been an attractive town for 
visitors, and four hotels, well kept, occupy com- 
manding sites in the town. For a borough of 



its size, it has many industries, prominent among 
them being two machine shoi^s, two carriage" 
manufactories, tannery, flour mills, cigar facto- 
ries and a very general variety of mercantile 
houses. There is also a neat burial ground 
known as the Greenmount Cemetery. Monoc- 
acy creek flows through the town, and besides af- 
fording good water, furnishes power for nearly 
all the industries. 

Near Bath is located the extensive slate quarries 
of Chapman & Co., that annually produce large 
quantities of slate. A description of these quar- 
ries will be found under the head of Bethlehem. 

The Lehigh and Lackawanna Railroad, that 
passes through Bath, was built for the purpose, 
more particularly, of giving an outlet for the 
slate quarries at Chapman's, and is now controlled 
by the New Jersey Central Railroad. Its main 
line from Bethlehem and Chapman's is fifteen 
miles in length, and from the latter place there 
has been constructed a branch to Wind Gap, ten 
miles in length. The main line follows the 
course of the Monocacy creek nearly the entire 
distance, and along it are presented many strik- 
ing and beautiful stretches of scenery: 

The review of the business houses under the 
head of Bath, represent the leading enterprises of 
the town, and are well worthy the support of the 
community. 



AMERICAN HOTEL, 

H. H. HuiMMELL, Proprietor, Main Street. 
Wherever Bath is known, her hotels have equal rep- 
utation, and many parties from surrounding towns 
frequently visit them to enjoy their comfort and par- 
take of their well-spread table. Among those here lo- 
cated will be found the time-honored hostelrie, known 
as the American Hotel, which dates its opening back to 
about I&IO, the present proprietor. Mr. H. H. Hummell, 
having become the liost in 187^. The house presents an 
unsually neat and attractive appearance, the wide 
piazzas giving it a decidedly cool and comfortable ex- 



terior. The intei'ior has been repainted and repaired 
in a manner that makes it inviting and homelike. The 
bar, reading room, parlor and drawing room are all 
located on the first floor, the chambers being situated 
upon the second. The table is well supplied with 
all substantials and many of the luxuries of the season, 
cooked and served in a skilled and thorough manner. 

Mr. Hummell is a pleasant and obliging host, and 
those committing themselves to his care will find tl)at 
he thoroughly understands hotel keeping. The Amer- 
ican is worthy a name among the good hotels of the 
county. 



RESOURCES OF 'J'HK LKIIIOII VALT>EY. 



95 



HENRY SCIIOLL, 

I>KY Goods anp Grcoeriks, Main Street. 
Couspiceous among the finest and most completely 
stocked stores in Bath is that of which Henry Scholl 
is the proprietor. The business he is now carrying on 
with so much energy and success, was originally estab- 
lished more than a quarter of a century ago, and he is 
one of the best known, as he is one of tlie soundest and 
strongest merchants in this section of the country. 
Being a first-class country store, its stock of goods is 
large, amounting to 81.5,000 in value, and consists in 
part of Groceries and Provisions, which a large and 
active trade compels him to renew so often as to insure 
a perpetually fresh condition; house-furnishing articles, 
wooden, willow and earthen ware, and a carefully se- 
lected stock of staple and fancy Dry Goods, Notions, etc. 
Mr. Scholl caters to a large and regular line of custom 
in town and country, and he knows how to make it to 
the advantage of his customers to continue with him 
from year to year. One secret of his success and popu- 
larity lies in the fact that he never allows the quality 
of any portion of his large stock to deteriorate, buys all 
goods from first hands at the lowest cash prices and is 
content with a small margin of profit. His store is the 
oldest in town, is 23x75 feet in dimensions, and in his 
business he employs four assistants. 
• Mr. Scholl is one of the most prominent citizens of 
Northampton county, and was a member of the Penn- 
sylvania Legislature, elected in 1879, in which he 
served two years with distinction to himself and credit 
to his constituents. As a private citizen he is much es- 
teemed and possesses a large circle of friends. 



FRANKLIN L. FALTZINGER, 

Manufacturer op Cigars, Main Street. 

Among those who have achieved a high reputation 
as a large manufacturer in Bath is Mr. Franklin Falt- 
zinger, whose store and factory is located on Main street, 
near the depot. Here he occupies very desirable quar- 
ters, convenient to trade, and in every respect adapted 
to the business. His factory is located to the rear of the 
retail store, in which theie are employed five hands, en- 
gaged in the manufacture of Mr. Faltzinger's own 
brands, among them being the well known " Daisy, " 
" Victories, " and " Drum INIajor. " These goods have a 
large sale, being made of the choicest leaf in a very 
careful manner, and the demand for them is rapidly 
increasing. Thoroughly understanding the tobacco 
business he has built up a satisfactory trade and is 
known as a reliable dealer. 

Mr. Faltzinger is a native of Bath, and an active and 
enterprising gentleman, commanding the respect of all 
with whom he is brought into business relations. 



WILLIAM BADER, 

Currier of Leather. 

Anyone at all acquainted with the town of Bath 
knows of the "old tannery "that for many years was suc- 
cessfully conducted, but owing to various causes, is not 
now in operation, and is the scene solely of the currying 
business. For fifty years and perhaps more, the "Bath 
tannery "was well known throughout the valley and its 
product was correspondingly popular. The present pro- 
prietor, Mr. William Bader, has been engaged here in the 
present enterprise for about fourteen years, and has 
built up in that time a very satisfactory business as a 
currier of leather. Three hands are engaged, all of 
them skilled in their calling, and great care is taken in 
producing perfect finished leather. 

Mr. Bader is a practical currier, and thoroughly un- 
derstands the production of good leather. His trade is 
already large and is gradually assuming greater pro- 
portions. 



CHARLES KLECKNER & CO., 

Manufacturers oi- (;arkiai.e.s, Chestnut Street. 

Among the enterpri.«es here located is that of Charles 
Kleckner & Co., manufacturers of Carriages, which 
though established quite recently, (April 1, 1881,) has 
secured a desirable trade. The shops are of ample di- 
mensions for the business, and conveniently situated 
upon Chestnut street. The stand was formerly occu- 
pied for the same business but the proprietor removed 
his establishment to another locality, when the present 
firm secured the property and opened business. They 
are employing ten hands, and are munufacturiuf; 
many handsome carriages representing the populai- 
styles in use. Great care is exercised to use none but 
the best material, and everything is done in the most 
workmanlike manner. By their energy and industry 
they have established a fine reputation fur their car- 
riages, and their facilities are such as to rapidly ex- 
ecute all work placed in their hands. Particular atten- 
tion is paid to repairing and building of light open 
spring wagons. 

The members of the firm are Charles Kleckner and 
George Scheflfner, both of whom are natives of Bath . 
and practical carriage builders. As business men they 
are deserving of success, which will doubtless be ac- 
corded them as their superior make of carriages be- 
come better known in the community. Their enter- 
prise is one of the important industries of this thriving 
town. 

RHOAD&WEBB, 

Dry Goods and Groceries, Main Street. 

One of the leading establishments in the Borough of 
Bath is that of Rhoad & Webb, dealer in Dry Goods and 
Groceries, Main Street. In 1879 the present firm opened 
their enterprise, and by energy and careful attention to 
the demands of the patrons have rapidly secured a 
most satisfactory trade. The store has a double front, 
with a depth of sixty feet, in which a full and varied 
assortment of goods is kept constantly on hand, repre- 
senting considerable capital and embracing a promi- 
nent line of dry goods and groceries. Since the inception 
of this prosperous enterprise, the business has constant- 
ly increased, and the trade now conducted with the 
resident citizens and surrounding farms, is very large, 
and reflects credit upon the able managers and their 
admirable business system. Goods are purchased for 
cash and in large quantities, securing for their patrons 
the choice of the market. 

The individual members of the firm are G. W. Rhoad, 
and R. W. Webb, both natives of Bath. Mr. Rhoad also 
conducts a store in South Bethlehem, which is in every 
respect a representative establishment. They are active 
and enterprising gentlemen, and have given to Bath a 
house that is a credit to the town. 



GEORGE P. KERN, 

Druggist, Main Street. 
The only drug establishment in Bath is that of George 
P. Kern, located on Main street, and convenient to 
town and country trade. The store was opened about 
twelve years ago, and since that time it has gradually 
been growing in trade, and influence. The Doctor car- 
ries a full and complete stock of drugs, medicine of all 
kinds, chemicals, oils, paints, glass, spices, perfumery 
and fancy articles, and makes a speciality of fine 
wines and liquors for medicinal purposes. Physicians' 
prescriptions are compounded with great care, this 
department being under the charge, in the doctor's ab- 
sence, of a reliable assistant, who is well versed in the 
formulas of materia medica and all medical pre- 
parations. Residents desiring articles in this line need 
go no further than their home to secure them, as the 



m 



KESOUllCES OF THE LKHKiM VALT.EY. 



^'00ds here bought may be relied upon as being 
strictly as represented 

Dr. keru is oae of the leading citizens of Batli, and 
very highly esteemed by the people of the entire com- 
munity. Independent of the business of druggist , he is 
a practicing \>bysician, and enjoys a large and lucra- 
tive practice. 

.1. H. BARR.VLL, 

Dky Goods .\nd Gkockhiks, Ciikstnut Strket. 
Among tlic leading mercantile houses of Bath is that 
of Mr. J. II. Barrall, which was established in 1880. 
This well conducted e.-^tablisbmcnt is noticeably full in 
all lines of goods particularly sought by ladies. There 
Ls a large and well selected assortment of Dress Goods, 
Triminiugs, Xeti'.^us, White Gocds, Muslins, Cambrics, 



Linens, LacO'!. Kiiibroideries, Tloisery, Gloves ami 
Ladie's Fiirnisbiiig Goods. 

The trade of this liouse is large and necessitates 
fre<iuent replenishing of the stock, so that the newest 
styles and patterns arc always on the counter as soon as 
they appear, and at city prices. The case is precisely 
(he same with the grocery department, whicii com- 
prises a full assortment of staple ami fancy articles 
usually found in a first-class grocery store. lie is also 
agent for the Stewart s Singer,"and other .'^ewing ]Ma- 
cliiues. He is a native of Bath, had a g.iod busines 
training, and although engaged in trade but a short 
time, has already given evidence of unusual busiiiesss 
ability. He possesses the esteem of the entire com- 
munity,' and is rapidly building up in the wvvn a. 
large and luerative trade. 







ilLLENTO¥N. 



THE T.FVDTN'n ^yrAyrFArTURING CITY OF THE LEHIGH VAT.LKV THE CKN'TRF; OP 

A VKKY EXTKNSFVK TRADE- EXCELLENT PUBLIC A.\J» I'JnVATE SOHOOLb 

A DELIGHTFUL AND HKAI/rUY PLAi^IE FOR RESIDENCES. 



AUoutown, tlie metropolis of the Leliigh Val- 
ley, is .situated at the contiuence of the Lehigli 
viver, with the Little Lehigh and Jordan creeks, 
ninety-seven miles west of New York, sixty north- 
west of rhiladel|)hia, and eigliteen from Easton. 
It is hiiilt ui)on an eminence in the midst of very 
jiieturesque region, and is laid out with streets at 
right angles. 

THE STARTING OF THE TOWN. 

In 1762 a petition was presented to the court of 
Northampton county for a road from Peter Koh- 
ler's mill, in Upper or North Whitehall township, 
to pass " through the town tlien being laid out, 
to be called Northampton," and this being th^ 
fii"st mention made of the town, it is correct to pre- 
sume tliat the present thriving city of AUentown 
had its origin in that year. Originally it is found 
to have received the name of Northampton, thus 
stated in the assessment list from 1762 to 1800, 
when the name of AUentown is found. This 
name was derived from its founder, James Allen, 
who laid out the town. William Allen, the 
father of James, speculated very extensively in 
lands, and in 1750 owned three thousand acres in 
tiie present county of Lehigh, on a part of which 
the town was laid out. James came into the pos- 
session of this tract in the same year in which he 
laid out the town. This family of Aliens were 
very prominent in Philadelphia, the grand- 
father of James dying in that city in 172.5, and 
wliere he had been an eminent merchant; while 
the father. William, in 1750 was ai)pointed Chief 
Justice of the Supreme Court, and held the ottice 
many years. James Allen did not live long after 
Jaying out his new town, dying in Philadcljihia 
in 1777, and leaving the property at AUentown 
to his diildrcn. 

ITS KARLY tiUOWTH. 

In 1764, two years after I lie town started, it con- 
iained thirteen families, and the houses were 

7 



mustly small one-storydwelliiigi?. "Trout Hall, "or 
"Allen's house," which stood upon the tract, was 
probably built in 1753, and for a long time remain- 
ed there in its original condition, and afterwards 
was incorporated in Muhlenbeig College. Those 
who lived in the settlement in 171)4 were Ger- 
mans who had recently emigrated to America, 
and, therefore generally very helpless, and slow 
in erecting proper dwellings, paiticularly as each 
man was forced to do almost everytliing for him- 
self. In 1765 the families numbered thirty-three, 
and in 1774 forty-nine. Two yeaa*s later this 
number had been increased, as there were lifty- 
four houses, seven of which were taverns, or one 
for every eight houses ; evidently the settlement 
was not very temperate. At this time the num- 
ber of inhabitants is stated at three hundred and 
thirty, and it continued to grow, but slow, as iu 
1800 it contained about ninety houses. 

The year following the laying out of the town, 
great exertions were made to remove the seat of 
justice of Northampton county from Easton to 
this town, and if it had not been for the fact that 
the town of Easton was the private jiroperty qf 
Penn, and as Northamptontown was near the 
centre of the county (as it was then constituted), 
it would have been done, as there can be no ipies- 
tion but that the best argunieut lay with these 
people. Henry, in his "History of the Leliigh 
Valley," says that historians of the olden time, 
knew comparatively nothing of this town and it 
is true that but little can be found in any of the 
old volumes relative to it, and it is natural to 
conclude that the town did not possess suflicient 
interest to attract their notice. 

During the Revolutionary war, the town was 
too small to attract any particular attention, but 
in 1777, a number of .xiek and wtmndeil soldiers 
were ipiartercd there, pro'>al>ly in the church 



98 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



building that had been erected a few years pre- 
vious. When the British took possession of Phil- 
adelphia in 1777, the bells of Christ Church were 
brought to Allentown and remained there until 
they could be returned in safety. • 

INCORPORATED AS A BOROUGH. 

The town, after changingitsname to Allentown 
in 1800, retained it until 1826, when it was incor- 
porated as a borough with the name of North- 
amptontown, but, this occasioning innumerable 
mistakes, the name of Allentown was re-assumed 
by an act of Legislature in 1738. Upon the crea- 
tion of Lehigh county, March 6, 1812, the town 
was selected as the county seat, and has ever since 
been the county town. The population in Allen- 
town in 1830, was 1,554; in 1840, 2,493 ; in 1850, 
3,703, and 619 houses ; in 1860, 8,037 ; in 1870, 13,- 
880 ; and by the census of 1880, the population 
had increased to 18,068. At the present time it 
probably exceeds 20,000, and is the largest city in 
the Lehigh Valley. 

THE CAUSE OF THE SLOW PROGRESS. 

The fact that the town progressed very slowly 
during its early history is attributable in a great 
measure to the influence of some of the neighbor- 
ing towns, and the difficulty (from its elevation) 
of procuring the necessary supply of water. This 
latter trouble continued until 1828, when it was 
overcome by the erection of water works, from 
which time the town steadily progressed until 
the failure in 1843 of the Northampton Bank, 
(which was established there in 1814,) prostrated 
business and for a time brought its prosperity to 
a stand still. 

THE GREAT FIRE. 

Allentown had barely recovered itself from the 
effects of the bank failure, which had so signally 
destroyed for a time the hopes of the town, before 
it was visited by a calamity more serious than the 
first. On June 9, 1848, a terrible conflagation 
swept over the place, and robbed it of its princi- 
pal business houses. One of the local papers thus 
spoke of it at the time : 

"We hasten to announce to our readers the 
painful inteligence of the most disastrous fire that 
has ever occured in our borough. That beautiful 
square, commencing at the market-house, and 
extending up to Hagenbuch's tavern on Hamil- 
ton Street, taking in both sides of the street, and 
ranging far enough down to include all the back 
buildings on either side, which yesterday morn- 
ing presented so fine a business aspect, now lies 
in ruins, presenting to the eye an unsightly mass 
of smouldering ashes and blackened walls. How 
the fire originated is yet a mystery. One story is 
that some boys were playing in a barn with 
matches ; another, that the fire is supposed to 
have been lighted by the hand of an incendiary ; 
the latter however, is highly improbable, and 
scarcely entitled to any credence whatever. The 
whole number of buildings destroyed is about 
eighty; dwellings and stores, thirty-five. The 



aggregate amount of loss has been very little, \t~ 
any, less than $200,000, about $40,000 only of 
which is covered by insurance. 

While the fire was very disastrous in destroying 
much property, and deranging business, it result- 
ed in a great benefit to the appearance of the town, 
as upon the ruins were erected large and substan- 
tial brick buildings, and giving employment to a. 
large number of its inhabitants, and drawing 
others from a distance, who permanently settled 
there. It was really the turning point of the suc- 
cess of the town, and from that date its popula- 
tion rapidly increased and new industries started. 
The anniversary of the fire has always been cel- 
ebrated each year, and is a prominent holiday 
with the citizens. 

Few years after the fire the opening of the Le- 
high Valley and East Pennsylvania Railroads,, 
done much to enhance the prosperity of Allen- 
town, and brought it more in contact with other- 
towns, by which competition was increased and. 
the business interests of the town made to place- 
itself upon a sure and profitable foundation. 
FROM 1860 TO 1880. 

During the War of the Rebellion, Allentown- 
furnished a large quoto of men for the armies,, 
and her troops fought with great credit to tlien^- 
selves and the town they represented. Though 
many of her inhabitants were away a great part 
of the time between 1860 and 1870, the town made- 
wonderful progress, and attracted to itself much 
of the business for miles around. The first few 
years of the last decade, was a precarious time for 
Allentown, which had now attained to the im- 
portance of a city. A prominent banking insti- 
lution, in which the people had placed implicit 
confidence, failed, and in such a manner as not 
only to drag down a number of private citizens,, 
but to severely cripple every department of trade. 
This acted upon the spirits of the peoi:)Ie much 
like the failure of the Northainpton bank in 1843, 
and it was some time before the town fully re- 
covered from the disastrous effects. 

The panic tliat swept over the country in 1873, 
while not being immediately felt in Allentown, 
subsequently, in connection with the failure of 
the banking company, fell with a heavy hand 
upon the business interests, and for a season it 
was prostrated. But possessing natural enter- 
prise, the business men of the town, both in the 
manufacturing and mercantile departments, were 
not slow to avail themselves of whatever advan- 
tages were offered, and business recovered icself. 

LOCATION AND SURROUNDINGS. 

Allentown is situated upon high ground, com- 
manding an extensive view of the surrounding 
country, the scenery of which is delightfully va- 
rigated, the soil fertile and highly cultivated, and 
presenting all the attractions of nature. The Le- 
high river passes along in front of the city, wliile 
the Jordan creek runs through the northern part, 
and the Little Lehigh to the east. The eminence 



RESOURCES OP THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



99 



xipon which it is built slopes gradiuiUy to the 
river on the east and the creek to the north, giv- 
ing it a drainage unsurpassed. 

The view from Big or Bower's Rock near by is 
very extensive and picturesque, embracing a rich 
variety of landscape and industry in both the 
• Saucon and Lehigh Valleys. From its top, 1,000 
feet in height, the Lehigh river can be seen for 
many miles, and lends an enchantment to the 
view as its winding course is followed through 
the varied land that is situated upon both sides. 
Tiie two railroads, the Lehigh Valley and Lehigh 
and Susquehanna, with the serpentine trains of 
•coal cars and, smoking locomotives, are plainly 
discernable, while the canal boats with their 
faithful tugging mules and lazy crews, relieve 
^;he landscape from a sameness. 

There are several romantic springs in the 
neighborhood, much resorted to by the visitors. 
One of these. Cedar creek, is well stocked with 
trout, and a favorite place for parties and private 
pic-nics, etc. 

THE PRESENT APPEARANCE. 

Visitors reaching Allentown for the first time, 
are surprised by the activity in every department 
of business, and the general appearance of the 
place. After passing over Jordan creek, on the 
long stone bridge, the street rises up a gradual 
height until two squares from the creek is passed,, 
and a level street is reached. From here the 
business portion of the town reaches out before 
for several squares, presenting an appearance that 
commands the attention of the new-comer. The 
principal business thoroughfare is Hamilton 
street, though many mercantile houses are located 
upon the streets that cross it at right angles. 
The streets are all wide, with drivways of supe- 
rior excellence, aiid sidewalks well paved and very 
generally kept in. good condition. 

The business portions of the town presents a 
beautiful and substantial appearance, the build- 
ings being large and giving the town very much 
the air of a large city. That portion removed 
from business contains handsome private resi- 
dences, and in this section there will be noticed a 
general love for flowei"s. Wherever possible 
large and beautiful gardens surround the houses, 
nearly all of which are laid out with great taste, 
and in some instances great liberality is displayed 
in the culture of flowers, shrubbery and fruit 
•*rees. 

North of Jordan creek there is a very consider- 
able portion of the town, mostly occupied by 
large industries and the dwellings of those em- 
;ployed by them. 

In the centre of Allentown, at the intersection 
•of Hamilton and Seventh streets, is a large public 
square in which the two banks of the town have 
handsome buildings. This sijuare, during e.xtra 
occasions, or upon Saturdays when the farmers 
■come to town to jimvide tlicmsclvcs with the 
•week's necessaries, jireseuts an :uiiiiialed scene, it 



then being well filled with wagons and people, 
the latter giving themselves up to the thorough 
enjoyment of the lialf holiday. 

In every portion of the town large industries 
are met with, and the buildings occupied are, as a 
rule, substantial and attractive additions toitsap- 
pearance. Along the line of the railroad there ia 
one continuous stretch of manufactories, the 
greater part of which are engaged in the iron trade. ' 

PROMINKNT BUILDINGS. 

The city contains many handsome buildings 
independent of those built for mercantile purpose. 
The new Court House of Lehigh county, situated 
at the corner of Fifth and Hamilton streets, is 
particularly an attractive structure. It is two 
stories in height, and surmounted by a dome, 
that forms a prominent feature in viewing the 
town from a distance. On Fourth street, the 
county a few years ago built one of the handsom- 
est jails in the State, and it too has an imposing 
tower, giving the whole an appearance of solidity. 
The building for the silk works, recently com- 
pleted, is one of the finest for industrial purposes 
in Northeastern Pennsylvania, and stands as a 
monument to the enterprise of many of Allen- 
town's citizens, who personally subscribed liber- 
ally for its erection, and thereby gaining for the 
town an industry that will employ about eight 
hundred of the inhabitants. It is situated near 
the Jordan creek, and is the only silk mill in the 
valley. The Muhlenberg and Allentown Female 
College buildings are both commanding struc- 
tures, and the public school buildings are not 
surpassed by those of any city in the State. 

THE SANITARY CONDITION. 

The excellent situation occupied by Allentown 
is a subject of remark, and the general health is 
much above cities of similar population. The 
drainage is superior, all the refuse being carried olf 
by the streams that run through it on the north 
and east side. In this connection, to illustrate 
that the city has always enjoyed this distinguish- 
ing feature, it will be well to state that during 
the prevalence of the yellow fever in 1793 and 
1799, and the cholera in 1832-33, there was not a 
single case of either in the place. The city's san- 
itary condition is in the hands of a comi)etent 
Board of Health, who take every precautionary 
measure to maintain cleanliness and other essen- 
tials for the healthfulness of the community. — 
Nuisances, detrimental to the good health of the 
people, are prompth' dealt with, and their remov- 
al ordered. 

BUSINESS ADVANTAGES, 

Within the past decade Allentown has made 
wonderful progress as a manufacturing centre, 
and to-day occupies an enviable position among 
the cities of NortJieastcrn Pennsylvania. The 
Mayor in his last annual message speaks of the 
condition of the city's business as follows : "Our 
city is rapidly recovering from tiie late commer- 
cial uncertainty and depression. Our industries 



100 



RESOURCES OF TITE T.KilKill VAI.T.KY. 



are in full operation and prospering, giving cm- 
ploynu'iit to our mechanics and laborers. 

"We are approaching a period of prosperity un- 
precedented in tlie history of Allentown. The 
immense iron industry, notwithstanding tliegen- 
eral depression during a number of years, is to- 
day one of our most important departments of 
manufacture; its revival and profitable prices 
will soon greatly increase the business in this 
city. Tiiis one industry in itself possesses won- 
derful possibilities of developments and of in- 
creasing our municipal wealth, because it is one 
that must c.vpand with the population andsettle- 
nu^ntof our country. The various other indus- 
tries, as the shoe, woolen, furniture, cutlery, leath- 
er and segar arc working to their fvillest capacity. 
Some oft hem having recently enlarged their works 
and others are contemplating the same. 

"The ordinance passed by your honorable 
bodies, exempting from the city tax for a period 
of five years all new industries to be established 
in our midst, has received the hearty approval of 
our citizens and has been the means of already 
attracting to our city capitalists who are about 
erecting silk works which will give employment 
to thousands of our people. It has also attracted 
the attention of other jjarties who have visited us 
for the purpose of examining our superior advan- 
tages and sojuc arc now negotiating for sites for 
the erection of different manufactories. 

"Our merchants are greatly encouraged by 
the revival of business and many have during 
the past summer enlarged their stores, some have 
erected new buildings of mammoth proportions 
while others are waiting for the coming spring 
to do likewise. Property has enhanced in value 
and rents have increased, owing to the great de- 
mand for houses. 

"The city represents commercially, socially 
and educationally, the best fruits and advance- 
ment of modern civilization. In elegance and 
beauty, our streets will contrast favorably with 
the more attractive .streets in many cities of the 
country. Most of them are liberally provided 
with shade trees ; and numerous improved pri- 
vate gardens add with their foilage and flowers to 
the appearance of many localities." 

While the generous action of Council in re- 
moving taxes for five years from all new indus- 
tries, is a very important inducement for enter- 
prise and capital to locate in their midst, it is by 
no means the only advantage held out by the 
city. The admirable system of railroads that 
make Allentown the centre, is a factor to be con- 
sidereil in giving easy access to the great markets 
of the world for the products that are here manu- 
factured. These same roads l>ring it within sliort 
distance of the great coal and iron regions of the 
State, as well as the lumbering districts of the 
Northwest, landing at the doors of these concerns 
tlie articles most needed. 

Another inducement arc the very desirable 



building ])lots with wliich the city abounds, and 
the excellent locatiim as a i>lace of residence. 
These factories rombine to make the city a sub- 
ject of consideration with all parties who are in- 
vestigating for places to invest capital in manu- 
facturing enterprise. 

TAXKS .VXD DEBT. 

The financial condition of the city is now in a 
very favorable C(jiidition, the yn'esent officials 
have used extraordinary efforts to place the ex- 
penditures within the income — the only success- 
ful government. The city has now an indebt- 
edness of $442,313.50, and when coming due will 
be in a most favorable condition to meet the obli- 
gations. The tax rates are uniformly low, and the 
assets of the city is sufficient to meet all liabili- 
ties. The amount of taxable property is $7,- 
692,200. 

MUNICIPAL DEPARTMENTS — POLICE. 

Being incorporated as a city, the departments 
are thoroughly organized and under the charge 
of efficient heads. The police department con- 
sists of seven patrolmen and a chief, the whole 
force being equipped in suitable uniforms, and 
presenting a neat appearance. The city is patrol- 
led day and night, and only a few breaches of the 
peace of a serious natnrc is recorded for the past 
year. 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

Allentown can well lay claim to having one of 
the most thorough fire de]>artments in the State, 
outside the three or four larger cities, the com- 
panies having a large membership, owning 
steamers, and also having horses for draught pur- 
poses. To make this department more efficient 
and to supplj' about the only thing needful, is 
the addition of fire alarm telegraph or telephone, 
which will then put the companies in a conditifin 
to niore promptly respond to alarms. The de- 
partments is as follows : 

Cliicf Engineer, Jolin P. Dillinger. Assistant 
Engineers : First, Obediah Pfeiffer. America, No. 
2; Second, Henry J. Hitter, Goodwill, No. 3; 
Third, Israel H.Troxell, Columbia, No. 4; Fourth. 
John A. Troxell, Liberty, No. 5; Fifth, Dennis 
D. Shields, Hibernia, No. 6; Sixth, Henry Yheu- 
lon, Allen, No. 7. 

America Hose Company, No. 2, is located in a 
three-story brick building, at No. 16 South Sixth 
street. Two four-wheel hose carriages. One 
hundred and twenty-three members, with tlie 
following officers ; President, Jacob S. Reninger ; 
Secretary, George F. Missimer ; Foivnian, Charles 
Miller. ' 

Goodwi! Fire Company, No. 3, was organized in 
1850, and is now located in a three-story brick 
building, at the corner of Eightli and staple streets. 
Silsby steamer and a one-horse hose carriage.. 
Sixty members, with the following officers: Pres- 
ident, M. W. Leisenring; Secretary, John P. Dil- 
linger; Foreman. Henry 0. Keiper. 

Columl)ia Fire Company, No. 4. was organized 



RESOI'Kn<:s OF THE LKHIOH VALT.KY. 



101 



ill 1852, ami islAcatod at X<i. 714 Haiiiilluii street, 
in a four-story briek buililinii. Silsby steamer, 
aiul a one-liorsie liose carriajre. Fifty-six nicm- 
ber.s, witli the following otHoers, President, Paiiiel 
S. Gift; Seeretary, F. J. Strahly ; Foreman, Wal- 
ter E. Schwartz . 

liiberty Fircrompany, Xo. 5, is loeated in a two- 
story brick bniUlinji, No. 713 Cliew street. Silsby 
steamer, and a fonr-wlieel hose carriafic. One 
linndred and four members, with tlie following 
otticers: President, Levi Smoyer; Secretary, 
<Jeorge J. Kline ; Foreman, William Burger. 

Hibernia Hose Company, Xo. ti, is located in a 
two-story brit'k building, Xo. O-Sl Kidge R(ja<l. 
Four-wheel tiose carriage. Eiglity-five members, 
with the folluwing otlicers : President, Hugh 
Orilly; Secretary, Peter Gallagher; Foreman, 
Daniel McCatTerty. 

Allen Fire Cfuupany, No, 7, is located in a two- 
story brick building. No. 132 Linden street. 
Amoskeag steamer, and a four-wheel hose car- 
riage. Sixty-four members, with the following 
orticers: President, Henry Ylu'ulon ; Secretary, 
Allen Filhnan ; Foreman, .fanu'S Butz, 

Rescue Hook and Laddi^r (.'ompany, organized 
1S81. Without building. 

W.\TER AND GAS. 

The city of AUentown lias abundance of good 
water, and every portion is well supplied there- 
with, and the streets are thoroughly lighted, oil, 
liowevor, being used in a greater part of the town 
in preference to gas. 

The first water works derived tlie supply from 
what was then known as Worman's springs, and 
the same source is still serving the city. The 
water is very pure, clear as crystal and <U'light- 
fully coo) throughout the summer, ami believed 
to be inexhaustible. The first company was in- 
corporateil in 1810 as the Northanpton Water 
("Company, but was not organized until 1827, ami 
in 183.''i the property of the company was valued 
at$18,(XK). Some years later it was reorganized 
as tlie AUentown Water Company, when the 
" spring property" was j)uri'hased. 

Tills company passed the i)roperty over into 
the hands of the city, and it now forms one of 
the departments, and directly in charge of the 
Water Commissioners. The city has two rese- 
voirs ami one stand pipe, the water supplies be- 
ing two turbine wheels. The daily consumption 
of water is about one million gallons, except dur- 
ing the summer months, when thcstreets in vari- 
ous parts are sprinkled, when the amount exceeds 
tJiis. There are eighteen miles of street mains, 
and the number of fireplugs reaches ninety-three. 
T'he water works are equal of any city of its size 
in tiie State, while the supply of water is abund- 
ant for all purposes at any st'asoii of the year. 

The works of Allen (las Company were origi- 
nally owned by a pi-ivaic enterprise, and were 
theiirst in the Lehigh \'alle.\ . Dr. M. V. Dan- 
owsky, an enteri>risiMg citizen kIiIu- town, in IS-l!) 



erected suitable buildings for the manufacture of 
gas, and supplied it bo a large number of stores 
and dwellings. In 18"v2 he made several additions 
to his works, which gieatly increased tlic facili- 
ties for manufacturing and "enabled hira to sup- 
ply quite a number of dwellings in the neighbor- 
ing towns, which he did by means of a large In- 
dia-rubberbagort^mk, placed on a wagon, which 
was filled at the works, and carted to the houses 
of his customers, where, by means of a hose, the 
snuiUer tanks in the cellars of tlie consumers were 
filled." An act of incorporation was obtained by 
him in 1853, (but he did not work un<ler the char- 
ter,) antl in that year extensive works were erect- 
ed. In 1858 tiie Allen Gas Company was formed, 
and the city is still lighted from the works tliat 
were formerly owne<l by the four gentleman that 
originated this company. 

cm RCHES. 

Tlie churehes of AUentown are nearly all hand- 
some strurtnres, and in number speak well for 
the moral and religious standing of the com- 
munity. Being the largest city in the valley, 
there are a greater variety of the denominations 
here than at any other point, and nearly all are 
represented. The popnlati<jn of the town being 
comprised largely of German-speaking, tliere are 
several churehes in which this language is alone 
used. The first chureh in AUentown was erected 
in 1762, and was a rnion church of the Lutheran 
and German Reformetl j>ersuasions. In 1707 the 
Catholics petitioned the Governor for a license to 
collect the necessary funds for the building of a 
church, but there is no record tliat the project 
was carried out. From time to time as the town 
increased in population, additional church build- 
ings were erecte<l and new organizations formeiL 
and at the present time they number twenty- 
four, to wit: 

Baptist Cliurch, corner Sixth and <!'hew streets. 
J. S, James, pastor, 

German Baptist Church, Kighth street, between 
Turner and Chew, William Deseh, pastor. 

(,'liurch f)f the Brethren. First ward : no meeting- 
house, no pastor. 

Catholic Church of the Immai-ulale Conception. 
Ridge Road, between Allen and Liberty streets, 
P. .1, Moncgan, pastor. 

Catholic Church of tlie Sacred Heart of Jesus, 
corner of Fottrth and Pine streets, E. 0. Hilter- 
man, pastor, 

<!race Episcopal Church. cc»rner Fourth an-i 
Lintlen streets. Rev. Mr. Keiph. rector. 

Episcopal Church of the .Mediator, corner Al- 
len and Fourth streets, no pastor. 

St. .rohn's English Keformed Church, coriur 
Fifth and Walnut streets, S. G. Wagner. D.P., 
pastor. 

Zion's (ierman Reformed Church, corner Hane 
and Church streets, Edwin A, Gernant, pa.'Jtor. 

Salem's Reformed Church, Chew below Sev- 
enth street, A, J. G. Pubbs. i>astor. 



102 



RESOURUES OF THE LKIIIGH VALLEY. 



Christ's RefurineJ riuircli, Second street, be- 
tween Hamilton and Linden, Cliarles Fritzinger, 
l>astor. 

Cinirch of the United Brethren in Christ, Lin- 
den i^treet, below Ninth, J. H. Mailcs,' pastor. 

Free Metliodist, Eighth and Chew streets, Jacob 
AVolf, pastor. 

St. ^yiicluiel's Lutheran Cliurch, corner Ninth 
and Turner streets, B. Schniauk, pastor. 

St. Peter's German Lutheran Church, corner 
Ridge and Chew streets, Rev. Geo. F. Gartner, 
pastor. 

Mennonite Church , First Ward, no edifice or 
pastor. 

Linden Street M. E. Church, corner Linden and 
Law streets, Wilnier Colfinan, pastor. 

Chew Street M. E. Church, Chew street above 
Third ; no pastor. 

Ebenezer Evangelical Cliurch, Turner street, 
below Eleventh, J. A. Fcgar, pastor 

Salem's Evangelical Church, Linden street above 
Ninth, B. P. Bihner, pastor. 

First-ward Evangelical Cliurch, Turner street 
below Third, W. K. Wieand, pastor. 

Liberty Street Evangelical Church, Liberty 
street above Eightli, B. H. Miller, i astor. 

St. John's English Lutheran Church, corner 
Seventh and Maple, Reuben Hill, ])astor. 

St. Paul's German Lutheran Church, Eighth 
street above Walnut, C. E. Hay, pastor, 

PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 

Allentown has always possessed the very best 
schools, and her public school edifices of to- 
day are of a very high order. Tlie history of the 
public schools reaches back to the early days of 
the settlement of Northampton (Allentown) and 
the first house used exclusively for school pur- 
poses was Zion's German Reformed Church, 
which was converted from a cliurch into a school 
house in 178.3. The first school-house erected as 
such was an octogan, with steeple and bell. All the 
Fchools continued for a term of three months, 
parents or guardians paying at the rate of fifty 
cents a month for each child. These schools were 
succeeded by more pretentious efforts at educa- 
tion, and in 1873 a school for girls was opened. 
March, 1814, the Allentown Academy was char- 
tered, but it was several years thereafter before 
the school was organized. Afterwards the Acade- 
my at once stepped into the very front rank of 
the schools of this city, and occupied this posi- 
tion for many years. The first Ladies Seminary 
was opened May 16, 1831. Night schools were 
maintained from 1813 up the close of 1831, and 
there were generally very well attended. 

In 1824 the act was passed providing for the 
instruction of the poor at the expense of the 
county, and September 12, 1834, ten years after 
its passage, at a meeting held in Northampton. 
(Allentown,) rciolutions were passed approving 
of its provisions, and at the next election the es- 
tablishment of such schools were ordered by a 



vote of the people. In 1840 the scliool employed 
one teacher, and during tlie year following there 
were six employed, three gentlemen and three 
ladies. 

In 1849 an effort was made to have a general 
superintendent of the schools appointed, although 
there were only ten teachers emi)loyed, and Feb- 
ruary 1857, at a public meeting of teachers, direct- 
ors, and friends of education, the matter of dis- 
trict superintendents was again agitated. In 1854 
the first county superintendent was elected, and 
the schools of Allentown showed a marked im- 
provemenc after this wise move. 

The first school house erected by the Board of 
Directors of Allentown was in 1858, when they 
built what was then known as the Noith Ward 
school building, on Turner street above Eighth. 
Previous to this all the schools were kept in 
buildings erected for other purjjoses, but pur- 
chased by the Board and converted into school 
houses. In the following year a seperate high 
school for each sex was established, and this was 
the first of the grading fi'om one department to 
another of the scholars, but it was several years 
before it reached a satisfactory working con- 
dition. 

The Allentown Academy -during this entire 
period maintained a flourishing existence, but 
with its removal in 1865, its sun began to go be- 
hind the horizon, and in 1868 its light was en- 
tirely extinguished. 

With the year 1866 a new era in the educa- 
tional history of Allentown began. The various 
educational forces having attained their full de- 
velopment, now rapidly assumed their final 
form, and the entire borough was then made into 
one district; it previously having comprised two. 
A new Board was selected, and in May, 1867, laid 
the corner stone of a new school house in the 
Fifth ward. So great was the want of room 
during the term of 1867-78, that rooms outside of 
the school building were brought into use. In 
February, 1868, the Board elected a city superinten- 
dent, and the schools became better systematized. 

The first high school commencement was held 
in 1869, and the first diplomas were awarded to 
the class of 1870. In 1870 a new school house 
was erected in the Sixth ward, and one in the 
Fourth ward in 1872, while on the other hand the 
unsafe condition of those in the Second and 
Third wards renderedtheir remodeling necessary, 
and the same cause also necessitated the erection 
of a new building in the First ward in 1874. 

At the present time the public school system 
of Allentown is unsurpassed, and as previously 
stated the buildings are models of architecture, 
and thoroughly equipped with all modern im- 
provements to enhance the prosecution of educa- 
tion. 

MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. 

This institution, that has done so much to give 
Allentown a name throughout the country, is 



RESOURCES OF TllK LEHIGH VALLEY, 



103 



located upon an elevated part of the city, at the 
corner of Fourth and Wahiut streets. It was 
originally opened in 184S by the Rcverned C. R. 
Kressler, as the Allentown Seminary, and it soon 
outrivaled the Academy of that time, and as- 
sumed larger proportions, both as regards popu- 
lar support and extent of course of study. It was 
.the intention of its founders to make it a teacli- 
ers school, but the importance of such an insti- 
tution was not appreciated, because, as a writer 
say.", "the thought was in advance of the age." 
A few years later it was converted into a first- 
class classical school for boarders and day-schol- 



ars, and continued as such until 1864, when its 
title and organization was changfed in "accordance 
with the popular demand and the spirit of the 
times," to that of the Allentown Collegiate and 
Military Institute, chartered with collegiate 
powers and privileges by the Legislature of Penn- 
sylvania. 

In 18G7 it was closed as a Millitary Institute, to 
be opened as Muhlenberg College, under the 
presidency of Dr. F. Muhlenberg, a decendent of 
the venerable Henry Mechoir Muldenberg, the 
founder of the Lutheran Church of America, 
after whom the institution was named. 




VIEW OF ALLENTOW 
The building was erected by Messrs. Pretz and 
AVeinshimer, two enterprising merchants of Al- 
lentown, about the year 1855. The grounds sur- 
rounding the building is the last remnant of the 
great manor of Justice Allen. The school is in 
charge of the Lutherans, but the scholars are not 
restricted to any denomination, and the atten- 
dance during the past few years has been quite 
large. 

The present principal Rev. Dr. Stadler, is an 
■efficient educator, and he has associated with 



N FEMALE COLLEGE. 

him in the work a faculty of eminent and earnest 
workers. 

ALLESTOW.N FEM.\LE COLLEGE. 

This college is one of the prominent institutions 
of the Valley, and is a very important factor in 
promoting the advancement of the educational 
interests of this section of the State. It is first 
class in every respect, and was founded in the 
year 1867, under the auspices of the East Pennsyl- 
vania Class of the Reformed Church, and it is 
controlled by a Board of Trustees regularly ap- 



104 



RESOURCES OF TIT1-: LKirTrui A'AT I,1:Y, 



IMjinted by the eliuivli ami tlic storUlidldiTs. Tlic 
board is composed of sonuu)!' tlie best citizens of 
Allcntown and vicinity. The college is underthe 
chargeof Rov. W. R. Hofford. A. M., as Pref^ident. 
under whose management it lias stadily main- 
tained a high standard and won the hearty con- 
fidence of tliosc best acquainted with its merits. 
The President is also tcaclier of the Latin lan- 
guage and Cliristian science, and liis assistants in 
tlw various departments are instructors of marked 
al)ility and learning. 

Tlie object of tlie founders of Allentown Fe- 
male College was to found an institution in whicli 
excellence in scliolarship, and tlu' liigliest attain- 
ments in arts antl accomjilishments are to be 
combined with a thoroitgli Christian education. 
This object has been more than fulfilled, and the 
college has supplied a want jireviously. nuich felt 
among the better portion of the conmnmity of 
Allentown. Since its opening, over fourteen 
years ago, it has maintained its rejiutation for 
the thoroughness of its organization, and disci- 
pline, and excellence of its training, as witnessed 
in the character and attainments of the young 
ladies it has sent out. 

The site of the college is in the suburbs of Al- 
lentown, and is spoken of as one of the i)rettiest 
and mo.st healthful sites to be found in I'ennsyl- 
vania. The country about the town is rolling, 
and tlie scenery in the vicinity presents in va- 
riety and character much to j>lease the eye; the 
atmospliere is pure and the location consequently 
liighly cf)ndutive to good he^dth. 

Tlie college building, of which we give an il- 
lustration, is a large and imposing structure, live 
stories in height, and has a wide and beautiful 
veranda extending all around the building, while 
the interior is commodious, and contains all 
modern conyeniences. The different rooms 
throughout are heated with furnaces, and lighted 
by gas from the same source that snpjdies the 
town. The college is enclosed by a beautiful 
lawn or grove, and the young ladies have anijile 
scope here, in mild weather, for all necessaay 
recreation and exercise. 

The course of study is in two departments, the 
academic and collegiate, and the collegiate de- 
partment is composed of three cla.sses, the junior, 
middle and senior class. The studies in all the 
classes of both departments arc comjirehensive 
and include evcrvtiiiiig taught in the best schools 
and seminaries in tlic country. Essays on sub- 
jects chosen by the instructors arc required 
through the whole course. Parents who desire 
only a partial course to be pursued by their 
daughters, may select such branches as may be 
deemed most advantageous. 

The college has a caiiaciiy for over one liun- 
dred young lady students. Kcv. \V. R. IIolTord, 
was elected President in the year l.s(;s. 1U>, 
as well as the teachers associated w ith him, sjiare 
no pains to make tJie institinion perfect in every 
respect, and to give the students the best advan- 



tages to accpiirc a first class tuiti.iu in e-very sub- 
ject taught. The young ladies who attended tlie 
college are tlu' daughters of j)rominent business 
and professional men of Allentown, and of other 
towns in the State. The object of the institution 
is not alone to inqiart an eilncation in the con- 
tracted sen.se of the term, but to mould the char- 
ter of the pjupils by instilling all the refining, 
influences of religious and moral training, so pre- 
paring the young lady at her entrance into society 
to be really what she should lie — an educated, re- 
fined, polished and noble Christian woman. 

.ALLENTOWN BfSIXKSS COLLEGE. 

This Business College is comparatively of re- 
cent foundation, having been first opened in Feb- 
ruary, 18(j!), and is now under the charge of Pro- 
fes.«or W. L. Klacknuin,a gentleman abundantly 
qualified to conduct a school of this kind. It is 
located on Hamilton street, above Eighth. 

>KWSPAPERS. 

The city is well supplied with good newspapers 
many of which have attained large circulation, 
and are reciignized as impoi'tant factors in 
moulding public opinion. There are more suc- 
cessful papers in the German language published 
liere than in any city in the State, outside of 
Pliiladelphia and Pitt.sburg. The list comprises 
the following i)apers. 

Allfiitoivn />//(oc/v(/,{English) weekly; establish- 
ed in 1880; published by Harris iV: Ruhe. 

City /i'6-)/*,( English), morning daily; established 
in 1878; published by Item Publishing Company. 

Chronicle and NcnK'i, (English), afternoon daily ; 
established, Chnmirl,' m 1870. an<l A'f.'if.s in ISii i, 
now consolidated ; imblished liv Robert Iredell. 
Jr. 

Lchiyh Register, (English,) weekly; establislieu 
in 1848; published by Robert Iredell, Jr. 

Unabhaengif/er RepnhUkaner, (German,) weekly ; 
established, 1810; published by Rinn & Schlecter. 

Welt Bote, (German,) weekly; established ii] 
1855; published by Eeisenring,"Trexler & Co. 

Friedens-Bute, ((rcrman,) weekly; establishes 
1812; published by Leisenring, Trexler & Co. 

Lerha-Bote, (German,) tri- weekly; establisheu 
in 1874; published by Leisenring, Trexler & Co. 

Jiigcnd Freiuul, ((Jerman,) monthly;. established 
in 1847; published by Probst, Diehl A: Co. 

Herald and Zcitxe/irift, (German,) weekly: estab- 
lished in 1857; published by Probst, Dieiil & Co. 

ItANKS. 

The first bank established in Allentown, was 
the Xorthamjiton Bank, which started in 1814, 
but failed in 1843, having the most serious ef- 
fect on business. Other banks have since been 
incorporated, and at the present time the city has 
two: Allentown National Bank. William Saeger, 
I'resident; located at the corner of North Seventh 
street and Centre Stpiare. Second National Bank, 
W. H. Ainy, I'resideid ; jire.sent location on 
Hanulton, street below Sixth. Tins bank has a 
handsome new building nearly completed at the 



RESOURCES OF TTIF, I.KFri<;TI VAT.T.EY. 



105 



corner of Sonth Seventh street and Centre 
Square. 

SOCIETIKS AND SOCIAL CUTBS. 

Few towns of its size eontain so many socie- 
ties as are found here, the nuniher of secret anil 
social organizations being very hirge. Tiie 
former comprises representatives of nearly all 
tlie societies in the State, and as a rule they all 
liave large membership and are in sound finan- 
cial conditi(ui. 

The leading- sdcial organization is tin; Atiicr- 
irus Club, who have an elegantly-furnished suite 
of rooms on the second floor of Kramer's build- 
ing, corner Sixth and Hamilton streets. To this 
club belong a large number of the leading men 
of the city,- and its effect upon the community 
has been for its improvement. 

Anotlier prominent club is that named after 
the martyred President Lincoln, and have rooms 
on Hamilton street, furnished in the most com- 
fortable manner. 

The St. Leger club is an organization composed 
of young men, either in attendance at the college 
or graduates thereof, and is conducted in such a 
way as to be of great benetit to its mend>ership. 

Private reading rooms are numerous through- 
out the city, several of the secret societies, notably 
the Masons, providing their members with this 
means of entertainment. The tire companies 
have all handsomely furnished parlors for read- 
ing and social purposes, several of them possess- 
ing libraries and nuisic. 

MUSICAL SOCIETIES. 

The Lehigh Saengerbund, a prominent musical 
society of Allentown, was organized about 1853 
for vocal culture, and has now a mend>ership of 
about seventy male voices. The rooms are at 533 
Hamilton street, and here they have a good sized 
liall fitted up with stage and scenery. They 
<3ccasionally give concerts and light operas, and 
attract ui>on these occasions a large number of 
their friends. Their officers are : president, .John 
G. Rodcr ; secretary and treasurer, Louis Jur- 
gens ; nmsicial director, Waldernicr Grossman. 

Allentown Cornet Band, a popular organiza- 
tion, was started in 1857 and now number 
twenty-live pieces. Their first leader was W. H. 
H. Menninger, who continued until 1877, since 
when they have had several different leaders. 
From the .spring of 1878, Prof. W. (Jrossnuui has 
been their nmsicial director, ami they are now 
considered one of the Ijest bands in this section 
of the State. They were engaged to perform at 
various Centennial concerts in Ohio and New 
Jersey, and make a specialty of giving free con- 
certs in Allentown once each week. 

The National J?and dates its organization with 
1875, when they were known as the Centennial 
Cornet Band, which name they retained until it 
wa.s re-organized in 1870. They are uniformed 
arid number twenty piect's. under the leadership 
of R. A. Roth. Tlieir first leader was Joseph 



Smith, who was succeeded by the present gentle- 
man. 

Tl\e prominent hall for entertainments is tlie 
Academy of Arnsic, located on ILainilton street, 
between Eighth ami Ninth, and was erected in 
1870 by Hagenbaugh Bros. In 1880 it was re- 
built by Mr. J. B. Hagenbaugh, the present 
owner, who considerably improveil its interior 
arrangements. The stage is large, with a full 
e(|uipment of sccMiery. and rher>)om lias a seatin;^ 
capacity of 1,000. 

MEDICAL .SOCIETIES. 

The first American College of Homo patliy in 
America wa.s established in Allentown. It ijad 
its incei)tion in the regular weekly meetings of a 
few jihysicians residing in this vicinity, who 
when the; systi'ui was first discovered were in the 
habit of meeting for the ]>urpose of con{>arJng 
notes. Among them were I)i'. William Wessel- 
hteft, then at Batii, (now dead); l>r. Henry Dctl- 
weiler, now of Easton; Dr. Ilering. Rev. ,Fohn Hel- 
freich, and others. Theresultof the meeting was the 
"Honuepathic Society of Northampton and ad- 
jacent counties,"' organized August, 23, 1834, 
and had for its object the advancenu'ur of Hom«- 
]iathy among themselves. The Academy was 
fouiuled Ai)ril 10, 1835, Hahneinann"s birthday, 
(jf which Dr. Constant Hering was the first Pres- 
ident, but through lack of sufficient funds it did 
not long continue. In this connection it shouhl 
be mentioned that the first dose of Ilomopatliic 
Medicine administered in this State was given at 
Allentown, July 24. 1828, by Dr. Dettweiler. 

The Lehigh Valley Honueiiatliic Medical So- 
ciety has its head-<|Uiirters in Allentown, an<l 
comprises the territory from Easton to Manch 
Chunh, It was organized April 7. 1881, with the 
following officers; President, Dr. Samuel Yoder, 
Catasauqua; Secretary, Dr. F.J.Slough, Allen- 
town, and now has twelve members. Dr. Slongh 
is also Secretary of the HoiiKX'pathic I'harmaceu- 
tical Society of Pennsylvania. 

ALLEX EIFLES, CO. D. 

On the (jth day of Attgust,1849, a number of the 
citizens of Allentc)wn, met for the purpose of or- 
ganizing a military comi)any, and on that day 
adopted the name "Lehigh Fencibles." This 
organization remained in a prosjierons condition 
for nearly one ye^r under < 'ai>tain Thomas Yeager. 
Subsequently, on the lOtli day of ,Inly, I85tt. the 
"Lehigh Feniibles," having ceased to exist 
another company was formed under the name of 
"Allen Rifles, " most of the men who were 
formerly of the "Fencibles"' joining, and aiding 
in the organization, eletting Tilgbmau H. <iood, 
(now Colonel commaiuling Fcmrth Regiment N. 
G. P.) as Captain. 

April 13, 1801, two days previous to the call of 
President Lincoln f<jr troops, the citizens of 
Lehigh and Northampton connties called a pub- 
lic meeting at Easton "to consider the posture of 
affiiirs and to take measures for the support of the 



106 



RESOURCES OF THE LEIIIGII VALT.EY. 



National Government." At this meeting tlie 
First Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers was 
formed. The captain of the "Allen Rifles," (Col. 
T. H. Good) was chosen Lieutenant Colonel 
of the regiment, in conjunction with Captain 
Samuel Yohe, of Easton, as Colonel, and Thomas 
W. Lynn, as Major. The "Allen Rifles," having 
"by this transaction lost their captain, quickly 
proceeded to form themselves into a new com- 
])any, retaining, however, the name "Allen 
Rifles," and on the 18th of April, 1861, left for 
Harrisburg, and were there mustered into the 
service on April 20, 1861, as Company I, First 
Regiment, P. V., being in all eighty-one men and 
officers. 

Having served their three months' time they 
returned to Harrisburg, where the men were hon- 
orably discharged and mustered out of service 
with the regiment on July 23, 1861. After a 
few weeks out of service the Forty-seventh Reg- 
iment, P. v., was formed, with Captain T. H. 
Good at its head as Colonel, and a large 
part of the members of the "Allen Rifles" joined 
the regiment, while the others soon re-enlisted 
in the Fifty-fourth, P. V., and other regiments. 
All but a few of the men received commissions 
during the war, ranking them from Lieutenant to 
Colonel. After the war was over those still living 
were honorably discharged and returned to their 
homes, and on June oOth, 1870, the company was 
reorganized under the old name, T. H, Good as 
Captain; Andrew C. Nagel, First Lieutenant ; and 
Charles Mertz, Second Lieutenant. 

Subsequently, Captain Good, having again been 
promoted to the rank of Colonel, First Lieuten- 
ant Andrew C. Nagel was elected Captain and 
commissioned October 12th, 1874, with Charles 
Mertz as First Lieutenant, and James R. Roney, 
as Second Lieutenant. In 1876 Lieutenant Roney 
was promoted to the rank of Major and A. D. C. 
on Second Division Staff, (Gen. Bolton command- 
ing,) and Oscar T. Hoffman was elected to fill the 
vacancy. When the labor riots broke out in 
1877, the "Allen Rifles" were stationed at Al- 
lentown Fair Grounds, and together with the 
other companies of the Fourth were marched 
through that famous cut on the Philadelphia and 
Reading Railroad, at Reading, Pennsylvania, 
quelling the rioters successfully. They were also 
stationed in readiness at Harrisburg in case of 
necessity, and together with Company B of the 
Fourth came back to AUentown in time to pre- 
vent riot then brewing at that place. 

On May 5th, 1879, Captain Andrew C. Nagel, 
resigned, and on June 19th, 1879, Major James R. 
Roney was elected Captain. On the 28th daj' of 
July, 1880, Lieutenant John L. Stiles resigned 
and on September 11th, 1880, Lieutenant Hoff- 
man died. On November 26th, 1880, an election 
was held when Sergeant Major A. J. Reichard 
was elected First Lieutenant, and First Sergeant, 
"William D. Mickley, Second Lieutenant. 

This company is now in a prosperous condi- 



tion, with fifty-four men and the following ofl3- 
cers : James R. Roney, Captain ; A. J. Reichard, 
First Lieutenant; William D. Mickley, Second 
Lieutenant; H. A. Weller, First Sergeant. 

The company's armory is situated on the South- 
east side of Centre Square, (Kline's Hall) in the 
city of AUentown. 

ALLEN CONTINENTALS, CO. B. 

The Allen Continentals, or Company B., Founth 
Regiment, P. N. G., were organized June 21, 1869, 
as the Allen Zouaves, C. D. Lehr, Captain, and 
with about forty-three men, including commis- 
sioned officers. The first appearance in public, 
beyond the local turnouts, was at the annual en- 
campment in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, 
during the Centennial, when they appeared in 
Continental uniforms, and were the only com- 
pany in this distinguishing dress. During the 
year previous, 1875, they had discarded the name 
of Zouaves, and selected that of Continentals, at 
the same time ordering the new uniforms that 
attracted so general attention during the Centen- 
nial encampment. 

During tlie riots of 1877 the Continentals, as 
Company B., done good service in protecting 
property, and were highly complimented by 
those in authority. They were among the troops 
that passed through the memorable "deep cut" 
in Pleading, and sustained considerable injury at 
the hands of the rioters, twentj'^-one of the com- 
pany being wounded by the missies. 

This Company is one of the most remarkable 
in the State, and upon several occasions has stood 
alone in proficiency, being for several years the 
only military organization inspected by State 
authorities that reached the average of 100, which 
indicates perfection in all departments. This has 
been maintained year after year, leading the 
crack companies of Philadeli)hia, that have had 
an organization for a much longer period than 
they. 

Captain Lehr, the present efficient command- 
ing officer, has always held this commission 
since the starting of the Company, with the ex- 
ception of three months, when he was elected 
Major of the Fourth Regiment. He is the rank- 
ing captain in this regiment, and his commission 
is No. 6 in date in the State. 

The Company contemplate having a new 
armory, the present one on Linden street not 
being sufficient in size for all the requirements. 
It is proposed to rebuild the market house, the 
second floor of which will be used by the Com- 
pany^ making an armory of elegant proportions. 

The present commissioned officers are. Captain, 
S. D. Lehr; First Lieutenant, George B. Roth; 
Second Lieutenant, J. S. Yeager. 

FAIR GROUNDS. 

The grounds of the Lehigh County Agricultural 
Society are located in this city, on a eligible site, 
with a commanding view of the surrounding 
country. The fairs of this society were tlie first 



RESOURCES OF THE I>EIIIGH VALLEY. 



lOT. 



of the kind established in tlic Lehigh Valley, it 
being organized in 1852. The first fair was held 
in tliat year, and continnod for two days, and 
was successful beyond the hopes of its warmest 
friends. Each year since that time they have 
held the fair, and it is now one of tlie largest at- 
tended, as well as the best in all its departments 
in the State. The Society own their grounds, and 
have erected upon it handsome buildings. It is 
situated in the suburbs of the city, upon elevated 
ground, and at its main entrance is a beautiful 
little office and convenient gateways for ingress. 
During the continuance of the fair in the fall of 
the year it attracts to Allentown thousands of 
visitors, not only from the entire county, but 
varidus portions of the State. 

RAILROADS, CANALS, ETC. 

In prospecting for place of location for capital 
and industry, the question is at once asked, 
"What communication is there with the outside 
world ?■' and a very timely interrogation it nat- 
urally appears to be. In this respect Allentown 
offers very superior advantages, and those de- 
sirous of advancing their own interest by placing 
their capital in the enterprises located in the 
proper place, would do well to consider what it 
has to offer. In the first place, the Lehigh Valley 
Railroad connects the city by double track with 
the great metropolis of the nation — New York, 
and the next in importance, Philadelphia. The 
officers of this road are alive to the interests of the 
Valley, and ever ready and willing to do their ut- 
most to promote the prosperity of this place, 
their most important source of revenue outside of 
the through business. 

The Lehigh and Susquehanna Division of the 
New Jersey Central Railroad has its double track 
upon the opposite side of the river, and in con- 
junction with the Valley Road, give to Allentown 
two connections with the great consuming cities 
of the East and Southeast and producing regions 
of the North and Northwest. 

Another factor is the East Pennsylvania Rail- 
road, which brings the city in close communica- 
tion with the larger cities of the interior of the 
State — Reading, Harrisburg, and Lancaster. This 
road connects at Reading, via. Columbia and 
York, with the Northern Central to the South. 

The Perkiomen Railroad serves as a route to 
Philadelphia, via. the Lower Schuylkill Valley, 
and gi ves Allentown a competing line to that point. 

The Canal of the Lehigh Coal and Navigation 
Con\pany passes the city on the east side of the 
Lehigh, and forms a very important addition to 
tlie advantages offered to manufacturers and busi- 
ness men. It runs to Easton, where connection 
is made with the Morris and Essex Canal to New 
Y'ork and DelawareDivision Canal toPhiladelphia. 

BRIDGES. 

In giving a sketch of Allentown's growth, a 
place should be accorded to the bridges .that form 
a striking part of the town. The bridge over 



Jordan creek, at Hamilton street, is one of the 
largest of the kind in the State, and was built by 
the county in 1837. It is about 1,500 feet long, 
50 feet higli, and consists' of nineteen .stone 
arches. Tlie Lehigh river at this place is crossed 
by a handsome iron bridge, 'cved a few year.-* 
ago, which is a very substantial and attractive 
structure. The first one built at this point 
was erected in 1812, aiid was a chain bridge. 
This stood until burned down in April 13, 1828, 
and was replaced with a second, and this suc- 
cumbed to another element, water, it being 
washed away by the great freshet in 1841. The 
bridge that the present one replaced was built in 
that year. 

PROMINENT INDUSTRIES. 

Following these pages will be found a full review 
of the various industries of the city, but the 
writer desires at this point only to call attention 
to a few of the more prominent ones. The silk 
works, located near the Hamilton street bridge 
over the Jordan, is the first of the kind in the 
Valley, and attracts the attention of every visitor 
to the place. The building was erected during 
the present year (1881), and is a commodious and 
well furnished structure. When in successful 
operation will employ about eight hundred hands, 
and its progress will be watched with much in- 
terest. 

The largest industry is that of the Allentown 
Rolling Mill Company, a stock company with a 
capital of $2,000,000, and employing 1,000 men. 
It uses, almost exclusively, the pig iron made in 
its own furnaces, and has a capacity of 30,000 
tons per annum. It also manufactures engines 
and other machinery. The company in 1872 
bought out the Roberts Iron Company, whose 
capacity is 17,000 tons of pig iron per annum. It 
also purchased other extensive shops and works, 
among them the Lehigh Rolling Mill. 

The Allentown Iron Works have five furnaces, 
and have a capacity of 1,050 tons of pig iron per 
week. They own and operate extensive ore beds, 
and at the works give employment to 600 men. 

CONCLUSION. 

In the foregoing pagt a has been given an epito- 
mizedsketch of thegrowth of Allentown, and the 
present appearance and advantages of the town 
as a place of location for industries of all kinds. 
It can be well said that few places upon the 
broad acres of our great Commonwealth present 
so many inviting claims to those contemjilating 
going into the producing business, a fact that is 
so well proven by the number that are already 
successfully engaged within its limits. Our space 
has been much too small for the subject, and we 
have been compelled to leave unsaid many things 
that rose up before us and demanded consider- 
ation. But suffice, pages could yet be written 
of the delightful city, and still the visitor in per- 
sonally investigating its unrivalled adaptation 
for home and business, would say "the half has 
not been told me." 



]ILLENTO¥N Md VICINITY, 



In one of the most fertile agricultural regions of the tJtate; in proximity to tlie greatiron and coal 
j)roduoiiig sections; convenient by reas-on of numerous railroads to every point in State and Country, 
and at the confluence of the Lehigh river witli Little Lehigh and Jordan creeks, is located the manu- 
facturing metropolis of the picturesque Lehigh Valley — the city of AUentown. It is a city of recent 
growth, but nevertheless in the short period of its prosi)erity has attained a prominence that ranks it 
among the principal producing centres of this great Commonwealth. As a place of business — manu- 
facturing or mercantile — it i>ossesses unsurpassed advantages, and as they become better known, 
will very greatly enhance the number of industries already situated there. The following pages con- 
tain a brief review of the various enterprises that are daily adding to the city's wealth as a producing 
centre, and at the same time clearly show the adaptability of this as a purchasing point for allnece.ssa- 
ries. In the number api)ended, no business house that has any pai-ticular bearing upon the growth 
a nd prosperity of the town has been willfully omitted. 



IJAUBER, KELSER & CO., 

MANUFAfTURERS OF TVltBINE WATER WHEELS, 

Bark Mii.i.s, Engines, Boilers, Mining and 
Mill Gearing, Third and Walnut Streets. 
This establishment, a tribute to the administrative 
ability of its propiietoi'S, dates back to the year 1841, 
when it was started by Thomas Barber's father of one 
of the present owners, and while its style has been sev- 
eral times changed, tlKj Barbers have always been 
connected. with it. Its history of forty yeare of active 
operation marks a period of rapid advancement in the 
arts, in that class which it represents. This house is 
the equal, in superioi-ity of workmanship, of any in the 
country. The principal products of the works are Tur- 
bine Water Wheels. Bark Mills, Engines, Boilers and 
Mill tiearing, which business has been pushed with so 
much skill and success that their work reaches all parts 
')f the United .States and to many places in Europe. 
lu the matter of Turljine Water Wheels it would be 
safe to say that no subject of improvement lias been 
more prominently and persistently put before the 
millei-s of the whole laud than the claims of the difter- 
eut makere. How many of them ever brought their 
makers into repute and can to-day be ranked among 
the first-class cues, it would be an easy matter to com- 
pute. The worthless or second-class wheels of this 
country are numViered by the dozens. Since the inven- 
tion of the Turbine Wheel by Few Jouval, a French- 
man, each year has given birth to some new idea or 
improvement, until to-day it may be said ])erfectioii 
has been attained. The wheel made by this firm 
is the " Wolflmproved Eureka Turbine Water Wheel, " 
the patents on which range in date from October 29th, 
1808. to March 14th, ISVfi. As a motor it has been re- 
markably successful, in competions with many wheels 
it has sustained its excellence in every case, beyond 
successful contradiction. Its record of power is high, 
and seems from its published description to have been 
.so regarded by Emerson, at Holyokc, who, in his cor- 
respondence; expresses the opinion that it is the best 
wheel. This gentleman is now on bad terms with the 
firm, for reasons which they set forth in their cata- 
logue, but whether his position is friendly or not, the 
time has gone by when he could stop its sale or injure 
its reputation, atid a careful persual of all the corres- 



pondence in the matter must forever set public opinion 
in favor of the " Wolf Improved Eureka. " 

Outsideof this its work is an evidence of its worth, 
and the vigor with which its points of excellence are 
defended and maintained is freely justified by careful 
and authentic tests, and the hundreds of testimonials 
from the mills of the whole country. A description is 
here appended. 

The wheel is cast in one piece; the inside register 
gate in one piece, with guides attached; the outside 
register gate in one piece, with draft tube attached, 
(on the smaller sizes,) making the three principal parts 
of the wheel consist of but few pieces. It is next to an 
impossibility for it to get out of order. There is no net 
work of wrought iron bolts, rods or springs to rust off; 
and every point is more perfectly protected from foreign 
matter, such as sticks, weeds, sand, etc., than any other 
wheel in existence. The sliding hinged gates and the 
rack and pinion are protected by covers. The gates arc 
so evenly balanced by the pressure of the water, that 
a child can start or stop the wheel. There no joints of 
gum or leather to wear out, but everj' joint is made by 
the turned surface of another piece, forming a gate that 
will absolutely leak less than any other in the market. 

It takes its water horizontally and is a downward 
discharging wheel, and pos.sesses many points of excel- 
lence, which form au interesting feature for the con- 
sideration of millers, etc.. The firm display skill and 
energy in the manner of advertising their work and 
neat catalogues, wherein full and intelligent explana- 
tions arc made of all their work. 

Among the other specalties of the works are Bark 
Mills and Mill and Mining Machinery and all work 
common to such extensive machine shops. The)- 
consist of Foundry, Boiler Shop, Machine Shop, 
Blacksmith Shop, and Pattern Shop. They employ 
eighty hands and do a large annual business. Their 
tra<le extends to the South and East and into Canada. 
They are supplied with valuable and substantial ma- 
chinery which is driven by a thirty horse power en- 
gine. Mr. W. H. Barber and Bernhard Keiser are both 
natives of AUentown, are thorough business men, con- 
duct one of the largest establishments of its kind in the 
State and by their enterpri.se conduce much to the 
popularity of this section as a point for manufacture. 



RESOri{( i:s OF THE f.KHK.ir VAT.T.EY. 



109 



Z. M KARLE, 

I'UurKlKTOK OF Al.I.KNTOWN ClTY SXEAM SOAP 

AM» Candlk Works, L'niox Stiiket, Oi'i-ositk 
L. V. K. K. Depot. 

One of the larfiosi niauufacturers of Soaps iu the I.e- 
higli Valley is Mr. E. M. Karle, iiroprietor of the Al- 
Iciuowu C'ity yteam .S<Mii)aiiil Caudle Works. Thougli 
established by Mr. E. us late as 187(i, they liavc become 
(iromiiient for the produetiou of exeelleut Laundry 
.■^oai>s and liigh-class Toilet Soaps. 

The plant of the Ikuisc, which is remarkably well 
equii>peil. commodious aud couvcuicutly situated, oc- 
cupies an area of twenty-four by eighty-five feet, the 
building having two st(3ries and basenieuts, and being 
supplieil with a steam cngiue of fifteen and boiler of 
sixty hor.se power, which ia requisite for moving ttie 
machinery for boiling aud for healing i>nrpo.ses. The 
works j)roiinee about i;00,0(X) ixuinds of soap aud al)out 
100,t«)i> pounds of caudles per annum, all of whieli tinils 
a ready market in the Lehigh Valley, Sehuylkill coal re- 
gions, and Ceutral New Jersey. Four employees are 
engaged, all of whom arc experienced men in tlie 
manufacture of soaps. Mr. Earle gives his personal 
atteution to the business, and has succeeded iu the live 
years of his enterprise in sei-uring a large wholesale 
trade, which finds that the articles of his mauulkcuire 
are of suiKTior worth and merit. Tlic office is connected 
with all parts of the city l>y telephone, that facilitates 
the receipt of orders, aud at the same time, illustrating 
the enterprise of the proprietor. 

Mr. Earle was boru iu Catasauqua in IS.V1, aud at the 
age of tweuty-oue years entered into the present busi- 
ues.s, the success of which stamps him as one of the 
most enterprising young manufacturers iu the valley. 

W. K. HICKS, 

Mani'factukkk and Invkntor ov Hicks' Ce- 
Ment and Dkai.kh in Bkltino, No. 9 Noitrii 
Sixth .-^tkeet. 
Iu the great diversity of manufacturing enterprises 
which are located in Allentowu the mauufaclurer of 
belting aud )>eltiug cement seems ouc singularly well 
l)laced. None but tiie ex))erieiiced can form any cor- 
rect idea of the extent to which these articles enter in- 
to the make-up of our mills aud furnaces aud what 
uecessaiy adjuncts they are iu ]ni)iielliug the vast 
amount of maehiuery iu operation in this city. Mr. 
Hicks has becu singularly fortunate in the discovery of 
liis leather cemeut aud uses it on all the belts made by 
him. It is preferable to rivets, hooks, etc., inasmuch 
as the belt always presents a perfectly smooth aud un- 
broken surface to the i)ulley. It is thus more pliable, 
slips less aud every part of the belt touches the pulley, 
insuring no lost power. Its sale has extended to many 
distant parts of the country, while nearer home its use 
is becoming general. Iu making Ijelting to order he 
will, when desired, use rivets or hooks, but the popu- 
larity of the cement fastening is becoming so wide 
spread, that but little demand is made for them. In the 
belting department lie I'urnishes belts of any desired 
size, but large belts are his .specality. They are of fine 
quality and to attest the value of the cemeut as a fast- 
ener, their use in the lai'gest concerns iu the valley is a 
sulticieut guarantee. At the Betlilehem Iron Works, 
the main driving belt over 100 feet long was made by 
him aud fastened with his cement. At Stewart's wire 
mills and at other places where belts were giving mueh 
trouble, Mr. Uicks has remedied all defects. The 
Wanen fouudry, McKec ifc Fuller's aud huudreds of 
other concerns running large machinery, use Mr. Hicks' 
belting, where it has been stibject to severe tests of 
heat aud weather and iu every case where the fasten- 
er has been made with cemeut the result has been all 



that tlie inventor clHiiiu-il aud in many cases has ex- 
ceeded it. From one end f.f the valley to the other aud 
in large ci>ncerns outside the State, >ir. Hicks seems to 
Ix! well known, and it is safe to predict a wide range 
of usefuUuess ibr his cemeut. He also conducts busi- 
ness at TOO Market street, riiiladelphia, where he has a 
large trade. 

He is a native of New Hampshire, but has been a 
resident of the Keystone State for five years. He is full 
of the imsli and vigor of his race, is thoroughly in 
earnest iu his ).iusines.> ami is neaping a just apprecia- 
tion of his valualjle coutril)Utiou of the mechanical 
arts. 



WALTER J. GRIM, 

Wholesale and ICktail Dealer tn Leatiikk 
AND Tanner's Oil, Corneh Ninth and Ham- 
ilton Streets. 
This- well-known house was established in 1859, and 
luis since been successfully conducted. The business 
occupies the whole of the three-.story building at the 
above location, where he carries a very large stock of 
all kinds of Leather, including that for Shoemaker^. 
Harnessmakers. and other uses. The trade centred at 
this house is the largest in the city, tlie wholesale de- 
partment being the source of supply for a large area of 
country, the well-known reputation of the leather soM 
by Mr. Grim having won for the house this leading 
position. Tanners will here find the oil used by them 
in the ijioccss of preparing leather, the quality kept be- 
ing guaranteed to be the best in the market. A special 
business is done iu the purchase of Hides aud Skins, 
the highest casli price being always paid for them, de- 
livered at the house. 

Mr. Grim was born iu Weisenburg, Lehigh County, in 
ItsT-i, and for twenty-two yeai-s has been engaged in the 
leather business. For several years he carried on suc- 
cessfully the tanning business, but relinquished it to 
give his undivided attentiou and energies to the present 
enterprise. Mr. Grim is a member of tlie school board 
of Allentowu, and a gentleman esteemed by a large 
Circle of acquaintances. 



DK. H. K. HARTZEL & CO., 

Wholesale and Retail Druooists and .Vi'otii- 
ECARiES, 709 Hamilton Street. 

One of the leading, as well as ouc of the oldest 
houses doing business in this Hue of trade, is that of 
Dr. H. K. Hatzell & Co. The business was founded 
iu 1839 by John B. Masser, at the present stand, who 
coutiuued to manage it successfully until 187,1, a per- 
iod of thirty-six years, wheu he was succeeded by the 
present firm. Their store is one of the most attractive 
iu the city, and has a front of twenty-two feet aud a 
depth of sixty-five feet. The firm carry in stock a full 
aud complete line of fresh Drugs, Medicines and Drug- 
gists' Sundries, and do a business both wholesale aud 
retail. The high reputation of this house has attached 
to it a very large trade in both departments, aud tlie 
volume of business is annually gri)wing greater. 

The firm manufacture several mediciues and lini- 
meuts, among the number being a Worm Syrup, Lini- 
ment, Bitters, Cartarrh Preparation, and Pile Remedy. 

The senior of the firin. Dr. ILK. Har(Z.'ll, for many 
years was a practicing pliysicau, but other pressing 
business compelled him to retire from its duties. lude- 
ix^udeut of his wholesale house he is largely interested 
iu the Macungie Iron Company, as director and man- 
ager, and is prominently idcutified with the improve- 
ment and advancement of the city. Ilis partners, 
Messrs. A. K. Hartzell and H. G. Smith, are natives of 
Allentowu, and graduates of the Philadelphia College of 
Pharmacy. The firm hold a high position iu business 
circles, and arc universally respected iu the community. 



110 



RESOURCES OF THE T-EIIIOII VAl.I EY, 



THE ALLENTOWN MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 
Manufacturers ofBone Phosphate and Ready 
Mixed Oil Paints, Office, 626 Hamilton St. 

As a source of supply for every kiud of manufac- 
tured goods and variety of necessary articles, the city 
of Allentowu will be seen to possess advantages and 
facilities to meet the wants of the country, equal to any 
city of the size. Among the leading industries centered 
at this point, that of the Allentown Manufactur- 
ing Company, manufacturers of Complete Bone Phos- 
phate and Ready-Mi.\ed Oil Paint, is rapidly growing 
into favor and extensive business. The works are lo- 
cated at Hclfrich's Springs, Several miles from the 
city. The main building is 100x40 feet in dimensions ; 
oil room, 10x20 feet, with several other buildings of va- 
rious sizes for storing raw material, etc. The main 
building contains the boiling department, drying 
floors, grinding, packing and storiug rooms. Besides 
these, there are the weighing house, foreman's resi- 
dence, and a commodious warehouse on the track of 
the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and in close proximity to 
the Lehigh Canal. The factory is supplied with im- 
proved machinery, suggested from time to time by the 
experience of the proprietors, well calculated to pro- 
duce an improved article of Bone Manure from the 
large quantities of raw bone received at the establish- 
ment. In various capacities the Company employ ten 
to fifteen hands, and have in use an engine of thirty 
horse-po\ver. 

The value of artificial fertilizers was long since con- 
ceded by intelligent and scientific farmers, but the cost 
has been such as to preclude their general use. This 
Company have introduced a fertilizer at once cheap 
and effective, whose application to various soils and 
crops in different portions of the country has produced 
the most gratifying results and brought it into popular 
demand. For evidence of this the reader has but to 
see the thousands of testimonials that have been given 
uuisought in its favor. The Complete Bone Phosphate 
intended for farm crops, cotton, tobacco, pasture, grass, 
vegetables and fruit, is a concentrated and economical 
composition, carefully and scientifically combined of 
the best material. Very fine and thoroughly dry, it is 
particularly adapted for drilling in with the crops, its 
ingredients being such as to act readily upon growing 
crops. It is presented to agriculturists as a standard 
fertilizer, and complete in essential plant-food, fine in 
mechanical condition, active in promoting growth, 
lasting in effects, reliable in quality, and uniform in 
production, 

T)ie Company are also manufacturers of Breinig's 
Ready :Mixed Oil Paints, and have already attained for 
them a very large demand. The special claims of 
these paints, are : 1. The character of materials used 
guarantee superior quality ; 2. The scientific combina- 
tion insures the greatest degree of resistance to 
ordinary wear and tear; 3. The thorough mixing and 
grinding presents a consistency free from grit, and ad- 
mitting of easy application. The result of these spe- 
cialties is a paint ready for u.se without requiring addi- 
tions of oil, turpentine or dryers, and having the meri- 
torious qualities of body, beauty, and durability. They 
are adapted for all classes of work, inside or outside, on 
wood, metal, stone and brick, and the Company have 
in their possession a large number of testimonials to 
their excellence, particularly in Car Paints, of which 
they make a specialty. 

This industry was first started about twenty years 
ago, and for a long time was operated by private indi- 
viduals. The Allentown Manufacturing Company was 
incorporated in 1877, and since that time the works 



have been niucli enlarged, and the phosphate anit 
paint manufactured by them introduced through greatly 
extended territories. The President, Mr. T. G. Uel- 
fricli, was born atllelfrich Springs, and has been indeii- 
tifled with the business since 1867. The Secretary and 
Treasurer, Mr. A. .1. Hreinig, was born in Breinigville, 
raised in Philadelphia, carried on business in New 
York, and Philadelphia and being one of its original 
founder, has been connected with this concern for a 
long period. 

The marvelous manner in which the operations ot 
this Company have grown to tlioir present |):-op )rtion-, 
may be taken, not only as an indication of the vitality 
inherent in the business, but of the skill and sagacity 
with which it has been conducted. It is palpable that 
with the products of the concern and the general poli- 
cy of its management it must meet with the hearty ap 
proval of the public, otherwise a success so well 
assurred would be impossible, and Allentown fail to 
posses a company that reflects the highest credit upon 
the city and its enterprise. 



ZELLNER BROS. & CO., 

Leaf and Manufactured Tobacco and Gro- 
ceries, 519 AND 521 Hamilton Street. 

One of the leading houses of Allentown is that of Zel- 
ler Bros. & Co., wholesale dealers in Leaf and Manufac- 
tured Tobacco, manufacturers and jobbers of Cigars, 
and retailers of Fine Groceries. 

The tobacco trade, which is the most important 
branch of their business, was established by Zellner 
Brothers in 1869, and from a small beginning has 
grown to be one of the most important enterprises of 
this busy town. They deal very extensively in all 
grades of Leaf Tobacco, and have established an en- 
viable name among the cigar makers over a large sec- 
tion of the State. As jobbers of Cigars they have a 
very extensive trade and carry in stock an unusually 
complete line of all grades of Imported, Key West and 
Domestic Cigars of reliable and popular brands, which 
they are always able to quote at prices worthy the at- 
tention of the trade. They are also large manufactur- 
ers, the third floor of their building being used as a 
factory, where they manufacture a number of popular 
brands, among them being the celebrated " Round 
Heads " and " Diamond Havana Cherots, " which are 
widely known among smokers for their standard 
qualities. In smoking and chewing tobacco the firm 
carry a very extensive assortment, including all the 
most popular brands. As dealers in tobacco this firm 
take a high rank, and are the largest dealers in Allen- 
town. 

In 1877 Mr. A. M. Stackhouse became a member of 
the firm, and they established a grocery department in 
the adjoining store, which has now become one of the 
leading retail houses in that line. They carry a very 
extensive stock of Staple and Fine Groceries making a 
speciality of canned goods. 

The firm occupy handsome stores with a front of 
35 feet by 62 feet deep, which is in every respect adapt- 
ed to their business. 

The individual members of the firm are A. P. Zellner, 
born in 1843, A. J. Zellner, born in 1845, both natives of 
Allentown, and A. M. Stackhouse, a native of Philadel- 
phia, born in 18-15. 

These gentlemen are enterprising business men who 
have by strict attention to the demands of their trade, 
secured a representative position nmong the leading 
houses in Allentown, and one well deserving the suc- 
cess they have attained. 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



Ill 



THE KEYSTONE MUTUAL BENEFIT ASSOCIATION, 
HomeOffke— Pi:vKNTii and Hamilton Streets. 




The Kfvsiuue Mutuul Bc'iietit Association, of Allen- 
town, one of the most popular institutions of the 
kind In.tbis part of the country, is conducted on the as- 
sessment plan. It was chartered by the Legislature of 
the State of Pennsylvania in February, 1878, and was 
authorized to tjansact its business of insurance on the 
mutual plan, and commenced operations the same year. 
The Association has two plans of insurance : The Or- 
dinary Life Plan and the Endowment Plan. In the 
ordinary plan, the applicant, to secure a policy or Sl.OOO, 
is required to pay a premium fee of eight dollars; five 
dollars annually for the next succeeding three years, 
and thereafter annually two dollars during life, togeth- 
er with mortality assessments graded according to age. 
and ranging from fifty -eight cents for the age of twenty- 
four years, to 13.40 for the age of sixty-five years. The 
Association does not permit of large policies, the highest 
in this plan being ^3,000. 

The endowment plan requires the applicant to pay 
an admission fee, and annually endowment premiums, 
and au additional annual premium, together with 
mortuary assessments, graded according to age. The 
highest policy in this plan is $2,000. This Association 
advances the following reasons, why the Keystone 
should receive the attention of the public. 

1. Because the comparative cheapness, as it secures 
to its members insurance at cost, and does not charge 
three times as much as the risk on a life is actually 
worth, and does not assess more than is absolutely 
needed. 

2. Because unlike old-line companies, it leaves the 
money in the hands of its members, until actually 
needed. 

3. Because it avoids the classification plan, which 
has proven a dangerous and very objectionable feature 
in co-operative Insurance companies, as it tends to 
weaken a company and lessens the proportionate guar- 
antee to its members. The "ring assessment" plan, 
the twin-sister to the cla.ss system, in principle the 
same and calculated to do the same mischief, has like- 
wise been avoided. 

4. Because of the position of each member in this As- 
sociation is rendered fair and equitable, as the assess- 
ment rates are adjusted to age according to the mor- 
tality rate of American experience. 

5. Because of the inherent ability of this Association 
to accomplish all that it professes or promises. 

6. Because, as the expenses must be met by the 



animal dues, and since the members themselves are the 
custodians of the money until these are severally due, 
speculation or extravagant salaries, or other misuse of 
moneys is not possible. 

7. Because, knowingly, it does not under any consid- 
eration accept speculative insurance or insurance on 
lives half in the grave, or in favor of persons who have 
no insurable interest in the insured, thus making the 
death liability from forty to several hundred per 
cent, less than tliat of companies engaged in this traffic. 
We have established a reputation in regard to the 
careful selection of risks above any other company. 

8. Because of its equity and mutuality each member 
has a right, indiviihially or by proxy, to express his 
choice as to who sliall be the Directors of the Associa- 
tion. 

9. Because a policy of insurance prevents an im- 
mence amount of suffering in the family of a poor man 
after his death. 

10. Because it prevents the same suffering in the 
family of one who lived comfortably, but up to the 
full extent of his income. 

The Home office is located on the first floor of the 
handsome building at the corner of Centre Square and 
Hamilton street, where they have every facility for the 
transaction of their business. The officers of the Com- 
pany, are President, Prof. A. R. Home; Vice President, 
John E. Lentz ; Secretary, B. T>. Keck ; Treasurer, 
Elias Bittner ; Superintendent of Agents, J. L. Moyer ; 
Medical Adviser, Dr. F. J. Slough. These gentlemen 
are all well known, as upright business men, and very 
proper ones to form the Board of Officers of a company 
for so important an object as the insurance of life. 
The affairs of the company are managed after the 
strictest integrity and it is a perfectly safe and reliable 
one to insure in. 



J. M. ROMIG & BRO., 

Marble, Brown Stone and Granite, No. 41 

North Ninth Street. 
The most extensive dealers in Marble in AUentown is 
the firm of J. M. Romig & Bro. The business was estab- 
lished in 1875 by Mr. J. M. Romig, at No. &12 Hamilton 
street, and one year later his brother and Oscar J. Keck 
became associated with him, under the firm name of J. 
M. Romig, Brother & Co., who continued the business 
together until the retirement of Mr. Keek in 1879, when 
the present title was assumed. The old yard proving 
inadequate for the growing trade, they removed to 
where now located, and have at the present time one 
of the finest marble yards to be found in the Val- 
ley. They are dealers in foreign and domestic Marble, 
Brown Stone and Granite, and are manufacturers of 
every description of Monuments, Tomb .'^tones. Marble 
and Sand Stone Fronts Base Courses, Mantels, and all 
kinds of house and cemetery work. Employing sixteen 
hands, they are prepared to receive and execute any 
contract promptly in the most workmanlike manner, 
and at the lowest possible price consistent with first- 
class work. Their facilities for handling these articles, 
are such as to enable them to prosecute their orders in 
the most rapid manner, and they are prepared to esti- 
mate on either large or small contract.*. They have 
recently added a five horse power engine for use in 
driving the granite polishing machine, and in other 
respects have improved their means for executing 
work. 

The members of the firm Messrs. Jacob M. and Wil- 
liam F. Romig, are both thoroughly acquainted with 
this trade, and have succeeded by promptness and aim- 
ing to give the utmost satisfaction, in building up a 
large business. Natives of AUentown, they are respected 
as first-class citizens and energetic business men. 



112 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VATJ.EY. 



H. ir. FISHER, 

NfANUIWCTURER OF GaS AND WaTEK PIPES, AND 

Gknkual Founduy, on Jordas Crekic, Betwekn 
Hamilton and Walnut Streets. 

lu examiuiug into tlio interests and resources of Al- 
lentown, it becomes our duty to note one industry, 
which, entirely unique in its way, stands alone, there 
being no similar concern in the town. We allude by 
this reference to the works occupied by Mr. H. H. Fisher, 
where the manufacture of gas and water pipes is carried 
on upon rt successful and extended scale. 

The i)laut covers an extended area, and has been 
judiciously located, with a view to convenience in the 
receipt of iron and the sliipnient of manufactured ma- 
terial—a branch of the Lehigh Valley Kailroad leading 
directly into the works. The numerous buildings are 
extensive and are admirably supplied with all neces- 
sary machinery, patented and expressly invented for 
the manufacture of pii)C and gas fittings. A twenty- 
horsepower steam engine is required to operate this 
mechanism, while ninety hands find employment in 
the works, to whom are distributed a large sum in 
wages. 

The product consists of Gas and Water Pipes of all 
kiuds, and Car Castings, of which there are daily pro- 
duced twenty tons, the greater part being used by the 
well-known Lehigh Car Manufacturing Company, of 
Stemton, and a general line of fouwdry work. Every 
facility is here in use for the production of these spe- 
cialties, and the works have a very extended reputation, 
their pipes and etistings having a standing among the 
best manufactured in the country. 

The works were established in 1865 by the present 
proprietor, who has succeeded by industry and enter- 
prise in building them up to a position commanding a 
large business and the product a superior reputation. 
They ship their pipe to almost every prominent point 
over the world, they having had many orders from for- 
eign countries, while their home, or United States trade, 
is rapidly growing to such an extent as to demand now 
nearly the entire product of the works. 

The head of this enterprise, Mr. H. H. Fisher, was 
born in Harrisburg. but has been a resident of Allen- 
town, and interested in its improvements and welfare 
since 1860. He is a pleasant gentleman, of wide popu- 
larity, and has .succeeded in establishing the present 
industry upon its sound foundation by a course of in- 
tegrity and correct business principles. The works are 
directly in charge of Mr. A. S. Shimer, as superinten 
dent. 



LEISENRING, TREXLER & CO, 

Booksellers. SrATioNERs, Printers and Pub- 
lishers, Hamilton Street, Corner Church. 
To point out for the commeudatiou of the public en- 
ergy, integrity and capacity exhibited in any branch of 
the diverse interests which engage the attention of the 
community, is a province of our work, and a privilege 
that we feel at liberty to exercise with reference to the 
well known iirm of Leisenring, Trexler & Co., which 
was fouuiied about fifty years ago, and is now enjoy- 
ing the results of an honorable business career of a 
half century. 

The extensive establishment of the firm is located 
directly in the centre of business, and convenient for 
tlie trade from either city or country. The store is one 
of the largest in the city (as they occupy a leading posi- 
tion in their respective line), and commands a trade 
that gives them advantages not possessed by any other 
house in the Valley. They employ in the various de- 
partments of their business thirty-five hands, and oc- 
cupy the entire building which is three-stories in height, 
IWfeet deep, and is divided into numerous depart- 



ments for the wholesale and retail of Books, Stationery, 
Wall Paper, Win 1 nv Shades, Printing, Publishing, etc. 

Tliroughout the entire establishment there pervades, 
a system of business order that facilitates the tran.sac- 
action of the trade here conducted, and makes the 
house a pleasant and profitable one with which to do 
businesis. 

Dealing both as jobbers and retailers, the firm carry 
an extensive and valuable stock, embracing not only 
articles cominou to all similar e tablishm-'uts, such as 
Books. Stationery, etc. but also a full line of Fancy Arti- 
cles, I'apcterie, Photograph and Autograph Albums 
and a complete stock of materials belonging to this de- 
partment. They are also extensive dealers in Wall Pa- 
per of all grades, and keep a very superior assortment, 
both in design, quality and quantity. 

They are the publishers of the following well known 
German newspapers, "Friedens-Bote," weekly; establish- 
ed sixty-nine years ago, having a circulation of 3,500. 
"Welt Bote," a weekly ; established twenty-seven years 
ago, having a circulation of 20,000, which are ably edi- 
ted. The printing department is one of the most exten- 
sive in the city, and is well supplied with a full equip- 
ment of type and fast presses. 

The individual membei's of the firm are Messrs. E. D. 
Leisenring, B. F. Trexler, and W. J. Hartzell, each of 
whom are personally engaged in the management of 
the business. The firm is one of the most at;^tive and 
energetic in the city, and are esteemed as liberal and 
upright in all their trau.sactions. 

E. W. TREXLER & SON, # 

Lumber, 943 Hamilton Street. 

The lumber trade is an important one with Allentown, 
and within its limits is located the largest yard in the 
Valley, that of E. W. Trexler & Son. 

This enterprise was established about twenty-five 
years ago by Trexler & Brc>., at a location near the 
present one, where they remained until 1868, when the 
large yard at No. 943 Hamilton street was purchased 
and occupied. The original firm was subsequently dis- 
solved, and that of Trexler & Weaver formed, which 
continued without change until 1879, when Mr. Weaver 
retired and a son of the seniorentered the firm. 

Their premises have a frontage on Hamilton street of 
60 feet, and extends back 460 feet to Linden street, 
where there is a front of 140 feet. Here they carry a 
stock of a million and a-half feet, comprising a full line 
of Pine, Hemlock, Spruce, and Hardwood Lumber, and 
a general variety of Flooring, Laths, Shingles, etc. A 
full assortment of Walnut, Ash, Cherry, and Poplar 
Lumber is always on hand, both wholesale and retail. 

The business is very large, ex'cnding over a wide ex- 
tent of country, and requiring the outlay of a large 
capital. To keep their stock up to the standard they 
receive an average of two to three car loads of lumber 
daily, which is brought direct from the lumbering re- 
gions ot this State and Michigan. 

The senior of the firm, Mr. E. W. Trexler, was boru in 
Upper Milford town.ship, Lehigh county, in 182-=), and in 
early life removed to Easton, where lie was engaged in 
the dry goods bu.siness for a number of years. Twenty- 
five years ago he removed to Allentown and founded 
the present business, which is a monument to his en- 
eigy una business capacities. The son, Mr. H. C. Trex- 
ler, was born in Easton, in 1854, and entered the firm in 
1879, and exercises a very important part in securing 
the success it has met with during the past few years. 
The firm enjoy a high reputation wherever known, and 
their business transactions are symbolic of fair dealing 
and mercantile integrity. The oftice is in charge of Mr. 
Edward G. Trexler, a young, enterprising and efficient 
business man, who gives his entire attention to this de- 
partment. 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



113 



C. A. DOKNKY&CO., 

Manvfactvrir? and Dealers in Furnitukf- of 
all kinds, no. 333 hamilton street. 

In expatiating upon the iiidu.stiies of Allentown we 
should deplore omitting some mention of the well 
known house of C. A. Doruey & Co., wholesale and 
retail dealers and manufacturers of Furniture.— 
The bu^iue.s.s was e.stablished about ten years ago, the 
present firm having been organized May 21, 1881, and 
who have since their proprietorship made many Im- 
provements and greatiy increased the facilities forman- 
ufaeture. 

The wholesale and retail salerooms are located at No. 
533 Ilamiltou street, and comprise the following: main 
store, three-stories, 20 by 100 feet; and adjoining store, 
No. 335, of the same dimensions, three floors: two floors, 
30 by 100 feet, of No. ;r,;i, and the entire three floors and 
hasenient of Xo.,341, all of wliich are in use as ware- 
rooms for their very extensive stock of Furniture. 

The factory is located upon the opposite side of the 
street, and consists of a two-story frame building, 24 by 
loO feet, fully supplied with all the necessary machin- 
<>ry and appliances for manufacturing all kinds of Fur- 
niture. They employ fifty-two hands, and anuually 
produce a stock that ranks them among the leading 
iuanufacturers of northeastern Teuusylvania. 

The warerooms are slocked with Parlor, Drawing- 
Room, Dining-Room, Library and Chamber sets in a 
great variety of styles and patterns. Their own designs 
of manufacture are remarkable for beauty and finish, 
aud the quality of workmanship is of the highest order, 
from the lowest priced to the highest. The trade of the 
house is very extcusive,andis rapidly assumming great- 
er proportions. 

The members of this enterprising firm are Jlcssrs. C. 
A. Dorney and E. H. Stiue, both of them residents of 
Allentown. These gentlemen, as may be seen at once 
from their enterprise, have identified themselves 
thoroughly with the industrial interests of this com- 
munit-y, and in the special department of manufac- 
ture, to which they have given their attention, they 
stand pre-eminent, and largely aid in fostering the gon- 
«?ral good. The characteristics which regulate the bus- 
iness policy of the firm are such as to entitle it to 
universal consideration, while the quality of the goods 
which it produces is unrivalled in style, finish or price. 



JOHN M. STEVENS, 

MANCFACXrREE OF CEDAR AND POPLAR CiGAR 

Boxes, 17 South Church Street. 

The large number of cigars that are anuually manu- 
factured in this country, together with the very strin- 
gent revenue laws, make the manufacture of boxes no 
ordinary industry. The largest factory in the Lehigh 
Valley devoted to the making of cigar boxes, is that of 
Mr. John M. Stevens, known as the Eagle Steam Box 
Factoi-y. This business was started at I'ittston, Pa., by 
Mr. Stevens, who, in 1&7C, removed it to Allentown, and 
in 1881 to the present very desirable location. The fac- 
tory occupies a three-story brick building, forty feet 
square, fitted with all the necessary machinery for the 
:apid production of these boxes, and supplied with an 
.ngine of sutlicient power to meet all requirements. 
ICvery part of box making is executed by machinery, 
and giving employment to a number of hands. Mr. 
•■^tevens manufactures about 75,000 boxes per week, and 
this amount will be increased as his facilities are added 
to. 

He is a native of Scotland, but came to this country 
when a small lad. His enterprise and basiness tact has 
manifested itself in the success he has reached as the 
largest manufacturer of these boxes in the Valley. 
8 



E. S. WERTZ, 

Photographer, Corner 5ixth and Hamilton 
Streets. 

While overlooking the trades, commerce and manu- 
factures of this city, we mu.st not neglect a considera- 
tion of the arts as well, in one of which very inii)ortant 
branches we find Mr. E. S. Wertz engaged with advan- 
tage to himself and the public. As a photographer his ex- 
perience has been an extended one, and he is thorough- 
ly known to the public here as the proprietor of the 
largest and finest gallery in the Lehigh Valley, where 
his achievements have been such as to have secured for 
him the patronage and influence of the best peojile in 
this community. 

The possession of certain specialties has been a great 
aid in the acquirement of his celebrity, and renders 
easy the production of pictures matchless for beauty, 
permanency- and brilliancy. A splendid solar camera 
contributes greatly to the perfection of water color and 
India ink work, for which he has received high eco- 
nium.s, and aids in giving his establishment a complete- 
ness rare and desirable. 

His pictures for albums are genuine articles of merit 
possessing a finish and clearness that has made his gal- 
lery so universally popular. 

The reception rooms, overlooking both Hamilton and 
Sixth streets, are spacious, handsomely furnished and 
enibelli.shed, while the operating department is replete 
with every appliance and contrivance that can 
insure the completeness of all work performed. Those 
de.sirious of possessing pictures of merit and worth 
to preserve, should pay the gallery a visit, it being eon- 
cedud by all to be much superior in its appointments to 
auy in the city. 

Mr. "Wertz is a very pleasant gentleman, and well 
knowi\ for his courtesy to all who come under his atten- 
tion. He is assisted by very competent artists, and the 
public may rely upon promptness and satisfaction in 
transacting business with him. 



J. LIEBERJIANN, 

Eagle Lager Beer Brewery, Corner Sixth 
and Union Streets. 

The national beverage of Gemiany, Lager Beer, has 
become almost universally u.sed in the United States, 
the manufacture of which is an important item of in- 
dustry. A pure and palatable article of lager beer is 
made at the Eagle Brewery, AUentowu, now operated 
by Mr. J. Liebermann. The large and convenient 
buildings were erected about 1815 and designed for the 
special purpose for which they are now used, and since 
that time the brewery has gained an enviable reputa- 
tion for the beer made. Great care and skill are exer- 
cised in every operation to secure a brewing of uniform 
and sui-erior quality. A capital of from S^i,000 to 510,000 
is employed iu the business and the services of six men 
are required, producing annually about 7,000 barrels. 
The beer finds a ready market in this city and the 
neigliboring towns, meeting with growing favor and 
popularity among the lovers of a good article. 

The brewery comprises a number of substantial 
buildings fitted up w'.th every convenience for the 
manufacture of superior beer. The store house and 
vaults is a large three-story brick structure, in which 
he keeps a stock of beer in kegs and barrels, undergo- 
ing a temperature that adds so much to its quality. 
This is the largest brewery by far of any located in this 
citv, and is constantly growing in favor and business. 

Mr. Liebermann is an active and industrious gentle- 
man, thoroughly understanding the business, and prom- 
inently known in this connection throughout the entire 
Valley. 



RESOURCES OF THE LEIIIGII VAT.LKY. 



COPLAY CEMKNT COMPANY, 

Manufacturers of Sayi.or's Portland and 
Anchor Hydraulic Cements, Office, Ai.len- 
TOWN, Pa.— Works, near Coplay, L. V. R. R. 

No Institution has done more to promote tVie interests 
of the Lehigh Valley, than that whose name heads 
this arliele— The Coplay Cement Company. In 1866 
the Company was organized, the objeet being for the 
mannfacture of hydraulic cement, and works were 
built a short distance above Coplay, on the line of the 
Lehigh Valley Railroad. In 1861) they were compelled 
to enlarge their factory, and since then they have ad- 
ded, year after year, so that they nuvv have one of the 
largest and most complete establishments of the kind 
in this country, having a capacity to manufacture one 
thousand barrels of natural cement per day. The Port- 
land cement, wliicli re^juires in the production much 
more milling capacity, is manufactured to the extent 
of five thousand barrels per month. The power em- 
ployed consists of one low-pressure compound engine 
of one hundred and twenty-five horsepower and one 
high-pressure engine of sixty-five horse-power. The 
former is used for driving tlie machinery to crush, 
grind, mix and temper the raw material for Portland 
cement and the other for grinding the burnt clinker 
and natural cement, as well as for hoisting the stone 
from the quarry to the kilns and crushers. [A view of 
the Company's extensive works will be found on the 
opposite page.] 

The milling capacity consists of four run of four feet 
and six run of three feet burr-stones; also, three iron 
crushers to prepare the material for the mills, and four 
tempering machines to temper the raw material for 
Portland cement. They have eleven kilns to burn 
Portland and four to burn natural cement. The factory 
contains over nineteen thousand square feet of floor 
room for spreading and drying the tempered material 
for Portland cement. The rooms are all heated by 
steam, four thousand five hundred feet of one and a-half 
inch wrought iron pipe and one hundred and sixty feet 
of six inch cast pipe being used for the purpose. There 
are also over twenty thousand square feet of floor room 
for storing the manufactured cement, and about three 
hundred and seventy-five feet of iron conveyors are in 
use to convey the cement from the mills to tbe huge 
bins. 

Adjacent to the works is the quarry, and the deposits 
of stone seems inexhaustible, the Company owning a 
farm of twenty-six acres, most of which is underlaid 
with the stone. In the various departments the com- 
pany employ about one hundred workmen, including 
coopers, qnarrymen, etc. 

To the Coplay Cement Company is due the credit of 
having first introduced into this country the manufac- 
ture of Portland cement on a large . scale. Their 
peculiar advantageous position in having inexhaustible 
stores of the raw material in its cheapest and simplest 
conditions, coupled with the advantages of shipment 
by rail and water, enables them to sui>ply the article in 
abundance to all parts of the country at a comparatively 
low price. It is known in the market as "Saylur's Port- 
land Cement," named so in honor of Mr. D. O. Saylor, 
the leading member of the company and one who has 
chiefly been instrumental iu establisliing the success of 
the article. The Portland cement is recommended by 
the most prominent architects and engineers and the 
trade generally to be fully equal to the best foreign 
brands. It is of uniform quality and always reliable. 

Every carload is carefully tested before shipped and 
thus the reputation of the cement is sustained. No poor 
articles are sent out and as a result no complaints as to 
the merits of the cement are received. Capt. J. B. Eads, 
the distinguished engineer, who built the great bridge 



acro.ss the ISIississippi at St. Louis, used Savior's Port- 
laud Cement exclusively on the jetty works of the Mis- 
sissippi at New Orleans, having used about 12,000 
barrels up to this time, and recommends it highly. It 
is used in the river and harbor ijnprovements and for- 
tifications on tlic South Atlantic coast, fortifications on 
Staten Island and New York harbor, under the super- 
intcndency and management of Gen. Oilmore, who pre- 
fers it to all others. In the Centennial Exhibition there 
were fourteen Portland cements, all of which were 
tested under Gen. Gilmore's direction and Saylor's 
cement stood among the best. It is used in the depart- 
ment of public works in New York and Brooklyn, and 
the architect of the U. S. Capitol, at Washington, Mr. 
Mr. Edward Clarke, says it is as good as the best Eng- 
lish article. Recommendations from other equally 
distingui-;hcd engineers and architects could be quoted ,- 
but the above will suHice to show the superiority of the 
cement. 

The natural cement manufactured by this Company 
is known in tlie market as " Anchor Cement," and after 
a trial often years has proved itself to be equal, if not 
superior, to all other natural cements in the country. It 
was used in the construction of the Girard Aveime 
and Callowhill street bridges, of Philadelphia, and in. 
the construction of the tunnel of the Baltimore and 
Potomac Railroad, at Baltimore, over 26,OU0 barrels were 
used. 

The Company have a large store house on the dock 
of the Central Railroad Company of New Jersey, at 
Communipaw, which is in charge of the New York 
agents, Messrs. Johnson & Wilson, of 91 Liberty street. 
At the works, the Company have a fine labratory iu the 
charge of an experienced chemist, Mr. John W. Eckert, 
who is constantly engaged in experimenting and ana- 
lyzing the material. 

The head of this enterprise is Mr. D. O. Saylor, Presi- 
dent of the Company, a gentleman who has given the 
production of superior cement close study: He was 
born near AUcntown in 1827, and is now one of the 
leading citizens of that city. He is a gentleman highly 
respected and esteemed by all who know liim, for his 
general qualities and upright and honorable life. In- 
dependent of this industry, he is extensively engaged 
iu the manufiicture of fire-brick in Allentown. The 
Secretary, Mr. E. Rehrig, is one the originals of the 
Company and has lent a personal and leading represen- 
tation to the works of the Company, and of late years 
has devoted his entire attention to the demands of the 
work much of which, it indebted for his energetic ad- 
ministration of his department of the works. 



SCHLEGEL, ZIEGENFUS & CO.. 

Manufacturers of Parlor Frames, Patent 
Rockers, and Marble Top Table.?, Corner 
Front and Hamilton Street.s. 
This firm is engaged in the manufacture of Parlor 
Frames, Patent Rockers, and Marble Top Tables, an in- 
dustry that takes a, leading rank in the Valley. The 
bn.siness was established in 1877 by Mr. B. F. Schlegel 
with a moderate capital, and somewhat contracted ac- 
commodations. His active spirit and enterprise, how- 
ever, soon manifested itself, and after three years as- 
sociated with himself Mr. Ziegenfus. In 1881 the firm 
was again changed by the addition of the third partner, 
the firm's name becoming as now known. 

The factory comprises a brick building, 70 feet deep, 
with a two-story frame addition in rear, of a depth 68 
feet. An engine of forty horse-power is required for 
supplying the motive power, and the whole establish- 
ments evinces the thorough and efficient management 
in every detail and appointment, while the general 
equipments in machinery and mechanical appliances 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



115 




Tl6 



RESOURCES OP THE LEHiail VALLEY. 



are of marlved completeness. The factory employs 
seventy operators. 

The manufacture of Parlor Frames, Patent Rockers, 
nnil Marble Top Covers has given the firm a reputation 
tor excellent work througlKait the greater part of the 
country, their trade extending over the State of Penn- 
.sylvania. New Jersey, New York, Virginia, West Vir- 
ginia, Maryland, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Ohio and 
other Slates. The price at which their goods are placed 
are such as to invite the attention of dealers and the 
l>iiblic, and it is not exaggeration to say that in propor- 
tion to their appearances, durability, and desirability, 
tliey are the cheapest articles of this character made. 

The individual members of the firm are Messrs. B. F. 
Schlegcl, Charles Ziegenfus, and Eli J. Schneck, all of 
whom are active and enterprising. The business stand- 
iui; and general reputation of the works, as well as the 
manner in which the business is conducted, entitles 
the firm to the esteem and consideration of the com- 
munity. 



INDUSTRIAL FIRE BRICK WORKS, 

Joseph Downing, Pkoprietor. Office, Corner 
Second and Linden Streets— Factory, East 
Allentown, 

The first city in the United States lighted with gas was 
the city of Baltimore, in 1821. Boston followed 
in 1822 and in 1823 the New York Gas Light Com- 
pany was started, although not in operation until 
1827. Of course, following the introduction of gas and 
the building of gas works; the rapid growth of 
iron, steel and glass industries, many factories were 
erected for the manufacture of fire-brick, cupola lining.-^, 
etc. This important industry is one which requires 
not only considerable capital, but a long apprenticeship 
and experience, and, consequently, there is not in this 
trade such extreme and fierce competition as attends 
many other branches. Several enterprises of this nature, 
however, exist in the Lehigh Valley, and the most 
important will be described in these pages. 

This article will be devoted to one which, though of 
recent establishment, is note-worthy for the complete- 
ue.ss of its plant and material, and the experience and 
enterprise of its chief The Industrial Fire Brick Works 
were established in 1873 by Downey & Lewis, who were 
succeeded in 1875 by Mr. Joseph Downing, who has 
since conducted them successfully. The works are 
located on the opposite side of the river from Allentown, 
convenient to the L. and S. Railroad, from which there 
is a siding, and the Lehigh canal, giving it very desira- 
ble advantages for the receipt of clay and sand and the 
shipment of the products. 

The works occupy several buildings, and have in use 
two kilns, their capacity being 30,000 and 33,000 brick, 
respectively. The number of hands employed is thirty, 
and the number of bricks produced average 110,000 per 
month. Mr. Downing manufactures brick of all kind, 
including Fire Brick, Furnace Blocks, Stove Brick, and 
makes a specialty of Rolling Mill, Blast Furnace and 
Gas Brick. Although having a very large number of 
brick patterns on hand and in use, Mr. Downing will 
manufacture other patterns of peculiar sizes and shapes 
from drawings at short notice. The clay used is that 
from the celebrated mines at Woodbridge, N. J., while 
the sand is secured at Lehigh Gap. 

The proprietor, Mr. Jos. Downing, is a native of Eng- 
land but for thirty-six years has been a resident of this 
country. He has directed all his energies to the im- 
provement of the quality of the goods manufactured 
and raising them to the highest possible standard of ex- 
cellence. His trade extends all over the Cnited States 
and Canadas, and is rapidly assuming greater propor- 
tions. 



L. A. T. WARTMAN & SON, 

Jobbers and Wholesale Dealers in Saddlert 
Hardware, Harness and Trimmings, 742 Ham- 
ilton Street. 

This house presents an evidence of the results of en- 
terprise and business qualifications correctly applied.. 
Few houses have attained equal prominence in so short 
a time, and fewer still can claim a higher standing in. 
the mercantile world. It dates its origin with 1871, at. 
that time in contracted quarters at 809 Hantilton street,. 
which in time proved entirely inadequate for their 
business. In April, 1880, they removed to the desirable- 
building at 742 Hamilton street, where tliey have a store 
22x100 feet in dimensions, and in every respect adapted 
to the demands of their trade. 

The business is jobbing Saddlery Hardware, car- 
rying in stock a very extensive assortment of goods- 
under this head, and comprising the finest and best 
known to the trade. In addition there is a very large 
variety of Horse Clothing, Carriage, and Buffalo Robes, 
of recognized merit and quality. Every department of 
their establishment is kept in the most scrupulous order, 
bespeaking the careful, personal attention that is given 
to the business by the members of the firm. A sr>ecial 
department is that devoted to Trunks, Satchels, and. 
Valises, in which there is a stock the finest and largest 
in the city. 

Mr. L. A. T. Wartman, the senior of the firm, was born, 
in Lehigh county in 1826, and for several years was in 
the saddlery trade. He has charge of the details of the 
business, and is one of the representative citizens of Al- 
lentown. The son, George H. Wartman, was born in. 
this city March 5, 1855, and at a very early age entered, 
the business. He represents the hou.se traveling, and. 
to his eftbrts much is due for the success of the eslab- 
ment. . 

The firm of L. A. T. Wartman & Son, occupy a prom- 
inent position among the leading houses of the city, 
and enjoy the confidence of the entire business com- 
munity. 



JACOB T. SHIMER, 

Manufacturer of Seamless and Cut Hosiery, 
Corner of Sixth and Walnut Streets. 

From a careful perusal of the manufacturing and. 
commercial houses whose history and facilities are de- 
picted in this volume, it may be remarked that many 
of the most successful have come into existence within 
the past five years. Among the recently established is 
that of Mr. Jacob T. Shinier, manufacturer of Seamless 
and Cut Hosiery, which was started in April, 1880. The 
building is a handsome three-story structure, 22x60 feet, 
and is stocked with the most approved machines for 
converting differently colored yarn into hosiery. Ther& 
are employed fifty-five hands, mostly females of expe- 
rience, and there are kept running forty knitting ma- 
chines, producing eight hundred dozen pairs per week. 
The articles manufactured here are superior in quality 
and workmanship, and the greater part are shipped 
direct to New York and Chicago, where they find a. 
ready market. They are also used by a lea<ling house 
in Allentown, and the demand in the Valley gives 
promise of calling for all that can be manufactured. 

It is the intention of the proprietor of these mills, 
which are known as the "Excelsior Knitting Mills," to 
double the capacity, and in this manner endeavor to 
keep pace with the extensive business that has already 
been accorded his enterpri,se. 

Mr. Shinier was born in Northampton county in 1834, 
and for several years was engaged in the iron and 
machine business. His industry of hosiery manufac- 
ture is destined to take a front rank among the houses 
of tlie Lehigh Valley, and exert a healthful influence 
upon the prosperity of Allentown. 



RESOUKCKS OF THE l.EHIGH VAT.EEY. 



117 



MOSSER & KECK, 

Tannehsof Union Sole Leather, East Allen- 
town. 

For many years Alleiitown has been known through- 
out the Lehigh Valley as a location for the tanning of 
leather, and the fact has been pretty successfully estab- 
lished by numerous competitive examinations and a 
long exporiontr, that the leather produced in this sec- 
tion is superior to that manufactured at almost any 
other point in this country. The leading firm engaged 
in the industry is Messrs. Mosser & Keck, who have 
now the largest tannery in the entire Valley. The 
business was established in 1859 by Mosser, Keck & Co., 
which constituted the firm until 187-5, when the present 
one was organized. Tliough originally founded upon a 
limited scale, the resources of the firm have gradually 
increased, atlbrding facilities at the present time for the 
transaction of a trade, which extends throughout the 
country. 

Two plants arc owned and operated by the firm, one 
of which is located iu East Allentown, and the other at 
Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The former is desirably 
situated on the L. and S. Division of the New Jersey 
Central Railroad, and occupies about four acres of 
ground, upon which are extensive buildings, sheddings, 
etc. The main building is 366 feet long, 42 feet deep, 
witli two wings, 40x50 each. Forty to fifty operators are 
engaged here, and the mechanical appliances, which 
are very complete, are operated by an eighty horse- 
power steam engine and a battery of three boilers. The 
firm manufacture exclusively the Union Sole Leather, 
using in its tanning about twelve to fifteen per cent, of 
oak and eighty-five per cent, hemlock bark, which is 
considered makes a very superior quality of leather. 
They annually tan about 30,(X)0 hides, and use about 
seven hundred car loads of bark of ten tons each. 

The other tannery at Williamsport, is one of the 
largest in that section, and is thoroughly equipped 
throughout for the successful prosecution of the busi- 
ness. Here are employed about eighty men, who an- 
nually tan about .)0,000 hides, using twelve hundred 
cars of bark. The leather nianufaetured here is the 
same as at the Allentown tannery. Iu this department 
the firm is styled, J. K. Mosser & Co., a son of the senior 
having an interest, and directly iu charge of the man- 
agement. They also have warehouses in Xew York and 
Boston, the former at 30 Franklin street, and the latter 
at 96 South street. All the leather produced at both 
tanneries, is shipped to the main depot in New York, 
which is the distributing point, and where Mr. Keck is 
personally iu charge. 

The individual members of the firm are James K. 
Mosser, a native of Allentown, aud Thomas Keck, born 
in Allentown, but now a resident of Orange, New Jersey. 
For business convenience, the firm titles are : Mosser 
& Keek, of Allentown tannery ; Keck & Mosser. in New 
York aud Boston, and J. K. Mosser & Co., (including the 
two above and Henry S. Mosser), at the Williamsport 
tannery. All members of the firm have acquired a 
thorough knowleilge of the minutest details of the busi- 
ness, and it would be difficult to find a firm either bet- 
ter equipped or with more comprehensive facilities for 
the transaction of a large trade and the production of a 
superior class of goods. They were the recipients of 
diplomas for excellence of exhibit at both the Centen- 
nial aud Paris Exposition. 

RUHE BROTHERS, 

Manufacti'rers of Choice Cigars, 21 and 23 

South Eicuith Stukkt. 
Few cities in the State of its size contains so many to- 
bacco enterprises as arc found iu the city of .\llentown. 
The leading firm engaged in the maiiulacture of these 
goods is Kuhe Brothers, wlm are located at Nos. 21 aud 



23 South Eighth street, where they carry on the Cigar 
and I..eaf Tobacco business very extensively. The house 
was established iu 18M by c. .\. Ruhe & Sons, who con- 
tinued the manufacture until 1800, when the firm be 
came as now known, the father having retired. The 
building occupied is of brick, three-stories, 40x100 ffc'-t 
in dimension, and also two other buildings that are in 
use for storage piuposes. The firm employ eighty-five 
hands, and manufacture attoiit .'•.OddOfi'i cigars, princi- 
pally of the following brands which privately belong 
to them : Comrade, R. Bros. Best, R. Bros. Own, R. Bros. 
Pet, Goldsmith Maid, T-a Caberella, and Poney. They 
are the most extensive nianiifact\irers in the county, 
and control a very large trade. The firm also are whole 
sale dealers in leaf tobacco, buying direct from the pro- 
ducers, and in its handling requiring the use of two 
large buildings. 

The individual members of the firm are Messrs. C. H. 
and Jo.seph Ruhe, both of whom are natives of Allen- 
town, and practical cigar nuiniit'actnrers. The goods 
produced by them have a wide sale and have secured 
a permanent reputation for superiority wherever intro- 
duced. They are active and enterprising gentlemen, 
thoroughly understanding the tobacco trade, and have 
built up a business that is a credit to themselves ami 
the city of Allentown. 

As an evidence of the enterprise shown by this firm, 
it is only necessarj- to state they have exported their 
well-known Cigars to Honolula, Sandwich Islands, 
this being the first shipment of Cigars ever made from 
this section of Pennsylvania— the Lehigh Valley. 

THE SINGER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 

W. R HousER, Manager, Office 706 Ha.milto.v 
Street. 

It is well-known to every one that the Singer Sewing 
Machine has, during its entire career, stood paramount, 
not only in this country, but throughout the entire 
world. This immense corporation now possesses the 
largest facilities in the world devoted to manufacturing 
sewing machines, and sell their machines throughout 
every civilized country on earth. The office of the 
Company at Allentown, supplying the jTJople of Lehigh 
and portions of adjoining counties, is managed by Mi 
W. R. Houser, who has achieved his success not only on 
the merits of the machines, but by dealing with every 
one fairly and alike ; making no deviations in prices, 
and giviug full instructions on every machine. 

Mr. Houser employs ten men to assist him, seeing that 
they look after the business, giving instructions, and 
that every machine works properly. People consult 
their interests by examining the Singer Machine, deal- 
ing directly with the Company through their salariecJ 
agents. Mr. Houser takes great pleasure in showing the 
machines and its work of all varieties to any that will 
call at the office. The late improved machines have the 
loose balance-wheel attachment for winding the bob- 
bin without running the work from under the needle, 
and is one of the lightest-running machines in the 
market. 

The office is by far the handsomest salesroom for ' 
sewing machines iqjhe city, and here is kept a very 
extensive assortment of the weli-kuown Singer Ma- 
chines. This is the oldest agency in the city, having 
been established in Ls^iJ, and since February, 187:-!, 
directly under the control of the Company. There is a 
branch at Cata.sauqua. in charge of Mr. ijimou Kemp, 
Mr. Houser, the general manager of both, giviug the 
whole business his pei-sonal attention. 

The Company have printed for general use a very 
handsome book, giving the early history of sewing ma- 
chines and some account of their manufacture, for 
gratuitous distribution, aud Mr. Hou-ser has enough to 
supply all his friends. 



118 



RESOITRCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



JOUPAN MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCK COMPANY, 

Offick, Second National Bank BurLoiNG, 
Hamilton Street. 

Tlio day has long siuee gone by when it became a 
matter of conjecture as to the propriety of tire iusur- 
anee. To-day the only question is, "What amount will 
my property bear?" "Where caul insure in safety?" 
Every man identified with the control of properties, 
whetlier as owner, trustee or administrator, will recog- 
nize the pertinency of this view of fire insurance, and 
wise is the man who in using all means to secure his 
accounts, whose possession of stocks are reasonably safe 
ones, recognize also the absohite necessity of investment 
to protect him from loss by fire. No man can lay any 
claiu to business wisdom who disregards this d\ity, 
whether it be to himself or through himself to others. 

A prominent Company in this community is that 
known as the Jordan Mutual Fire Insurance Company, 
which was chartered by the Pennsylvania State Legisla- 
ture, April 16, 1870, with authority to commence busi- 
ness at once. It was formed for insurance against loss 
by fire, of buildings, merchandise, household furniture 
and indeed every kind of insurable property. It is a 
purely mutual company, and in fact, as well as theory, 
issuing policies on this plan to the insured under 
which they make payments in advance during mem- 
bership, according to the amount of risk assumed by 
the Company. The last annual statement of the Com- 
pany shows a very satisfactory condition of affairs, and 
the year was commenced with no unpaid balance 
though it has never made an assessment since its organ- 
ization. There is one thing very clear respecting this 
corporation, and that is the expenses of its management 
are not swallowing the money, which, according to the 
plan of its organization, belougs to the members. 

The term "Mutual" is neither a misnomer nor a figure 
of speech in this, but indicates a substantial, noteworthy 
fact. The Company has pursued its way during the last 
eleven years quietly without any flourish of trumpets, 
making no promises that it could not fulfil, having re- 
gards to the substance rather than the show of insur- 
ance. It has always been a successful institution, suc- 
cessful by reason of sound, honest, conservative man- 
agement on the part of the gentlemen who have had 
the administration of its affairs. The oflicers of the Jor- 
dan Mutual Fire Insurance Company are Dr. B. F. Jacoby, 
President ; William Roth, Vice President ; L. P. Hecker, 
Secretary and Treasurer; and tliey with the follow- 
ing gentlemen form the Board of Directors: 

Wm. H. Deshler, Wm. F. Hecker, George Kuhl, Pat- 
rick K. Boyle, H. T. Kleckner, Jos. Lieberman, T. H. 
Oood, Elias Lentz, Rufus Snyder. The office of the 
Company is in the first floor of the Second National 
Bank Building, on Hamilton street, between Fifth and 
Sixth, where the Secretary and Treasurer is always in 
attendance. 

A. G. RENINGER & CO., 

Dry Goods and Groceries, 705 Hamilton 

Street. 
One of the oldest houses in its line is that of A. G. 
Reninger & Co., which was established in 1S43 by Grim 
& Reninger. Since that time the proprietorship has 
undergone several changes, the i)rcsent firm being i>r- 
ganized fn February, 1879. They oocupy a large donl>le 
front store, fifty-four feet in depth, filled with a splendid 
stock of those goods in which they specially do business. 
The Dry Goods department is well stocked v/ith a large 
and varied assortment of Silks, Dress and White Goods, 
Domestics, Linens, Cloths. Flannels, etc., and the many 
articles under the liead of Notions. The variety of 
Groceries represents a full line of goods usual to a first- 
class stock, and embraces a very superior variety of 



Canned Goods, Teas, CotTees, Spices, etc. The trade Is 
large, and represents much of the better cla.ss of custo- 
mers of Allentown and vicinity. 

The individual members of the firm are A. G. Renin- 
ger, who was born.in Montgomery county, and has been 
a resident of Allentown since 1843, and Theodore D. 
Reninger, who is a native of Lehigh county, and for 
about forty-four years has been a resident of Allentown. 

Messrs. A. G. Reninger and Ephrlam Grim are tlie 
original foiuiders of the house, Mr. (irim having re- 
turned to the business after a retirement of twenty 
years. The present head of the hou.se has been with 
it continuously, with the exception of four years, since 
it was founded. The house has a wide reputation for 
superior goods, and is managed in the most systematic 
and business-like maimer. 



E. M. WEBEK. 

Manufacturer of Confectionery and Whole- 
sale AND Retail Dealer in Groceries, etc., 
209 Hamilton Street. 

That portion of tlie city of Allentown situated east 
of the Jordan creek contains many prominent manu- 
factories, as well as a number of houses engaged in mer- 
cantile business. Among those in that section rapidly 
securing a large trade is tliat of E. M. Weber, manu- 
facturerof Confectionery and wholesale and retail dealer 
in Groceries, Salt, Vinegar, Oils, Fish, Fruits, etc., at 
No. 209 Hamilton street, where it was established in 
1869 by Mr. C. W. Weber, who in 1879 was succeeded by 
the present head. 

The manufacturing department for Confectionery is 
one of the most complete in the city, the specialty of 
production being plain Candies of all kinds, and em- 
ploying several hands, and manufacturing nothing but 
strictly pure goods. The house in this particular branch 
has an extended reputation, the trade reaching over 
the greater portion of Eastern Pennsylvania, and West- 
ern New Jersey, and employing three traveling sales- 
men to properly conduct it, two traveling by wagon and 
one by railroad. The business has made such strides 
that the necessity of much greater facilities is mani- 
fested, and it is in contemplation to operate the factory 
entirely by steam, and to put in the recently improved 
machinery. 

The Grocery department comprises a full and com- 
plete stock of groceries, including a general variety of 
all goods in this line. The business is both wholesale 
&nd retail, and is gradually assuming greater propor- 
tions, and requiring the employment of four assistants. 

The concern is managed by Mr. C. W. Weber, a son of 
the proprietor, a gentleman brought up in the trade, 
and thoroughly understanding the business in all its 
details. It is not only decidedly the leading house for 
Confectionery, but takes a prominent position among 
the foremost grocery establishments of the city. 

GERMANIA LAGER BEER BREWERY, 

Benedict Nuding, Proi'rietok, 1H. 116, and 113 

South Seventh Street. 
The brewing of lager beer is one of the important 
branches of interest in Allentown, and one of cou- 
.siderable magnitude. The products of the leading estab- 
lishments are fully equal to the beer produced in any .sec- 
tion of the Union. Particularly will these remarks apply 
to favorite brands manufactured at the Germania Lager 
Beer Brewery, of which Mr. Benedict Nuding is pro- 
prietor. This brewery is situated in rear of the Ger- 
mania Hotel, and from which it derives its name. It 
was established in 1878 by the present proprietor, who 
erected the large and substantial brick buildings, the 
brew house having dimensions of 51x70 feet, three-story 
in height. The capacity of the brewery, when running 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



119 



full force, Is between 3,000 and 4,000 barrels, and the dc- 
maud for the article ha^ kept it up to about tliis 
production. The beer from the establishment of Mr. 
Nuding has achieved a high reputation, it being uoted 
for its purity and heaUlifnl qualities, and is in many 
instances recoin mended by physicians. 

In addition, Mr. Nudiufi is also proprietor of Ger- 
mania Hotel, a neat and comfortable house. It is well 
furnislicd throughout, and enjoys a very fair portion of 
the patronage of tlie travclins public. 

Mr. Nuding is a very popular gentleman with a great 
portion of the citizens of .Mlentown, and occupies a 
prominent position as a brewer of superior beer. 

S. B. ANEWALT&CO. 

Wholks.vlk Oualers in Hats, Caps and Straw 

Goods, Xo. 741 Hamilton S^trekt. 
The visitor to AU'eutown will naturally be surprised 
at the number and extent of tlie wholesale houses that 
line its prominent business thorougli lares, and if an in- 
spection were to be made, it would be found that the 
greater part of them compare very favorably with sim- 
ilar houses in the metropolitan cities. This fact denotes 
the centre of a large trade, which is annually assum- 
ing greater proportions, that in a short time will make 
this point the greatest business town in northeastern 
Pennsylvania. 

The wholesale hat and cap trade in this city isrepre- 
by the house of S. B. Ancwalt & (Jo., tliat dates its ori- 
gin with 1^'CO. From that time to Januuary 1, 1881, the 
retail and wholesale business were combined in one 
house, but the rai>idly giowing trade of each led to 
a separation, and on the last date the ijresent firm was 
organized for transacting an exclusively wholesale 
business. The firm occupy the entire second and third 
floors of a large liuilding, witli the second floor of the 
building in the rear. They carry a large stock of Hats 
and Caps of all kinds, of the leading manufacturers of 
the country, with a complete a.sortmeut of Straw Goods. 
They enjoy superior facilities for securing the best 
goods in the market, having intimate relations with 
EQany of the leading manufacturers of this and other 
States. Upon the road the hou,se is represented by 
three salesmen, the trade extending throughout the 
greater part of Tennsylvania, within a circuit of one 
hundred and seventy-five miles. 

The head of the house, Mr. 8. B. Anewalt, was born 
in Korthampton County in IS*), and has been engaged 
in the hat business for twenty-one years. Mr. Willmer 
W. Anewalt is a young gentleman thoroughly ac(iuaiut- 
ed with the trade, and gives it his entire attention.— 
The firm of S. B. Anewalt & Co. is in every respect worthy 
of commendation to the trade, and their facilities, goods 
and terms are sure to be found desirable. 



H. NADIG & BRO., 

Machinists and Foundkrs, No. 20 North Fourth 

Stkekt. 
Prominent among the firms in Allentown engaged as 
Machinists and Founders are H. Nadig & Brother.— 
They were established in 1872 by Nadig A Wright, and 
in 187.5 were succeeded by the [irevcnt firm. They oc- 
cupy a large and substantial brick building, two stories, 
100 by 150 feet in dimensinns, and stocked with all the 
modern appliances and machinery for producing their 
specialty of manufacture. They employ twenty hands, 
and the motive power is derived from an engine of 
twenty -horse power. 

The firm are the manufacturers of verysnperior Ver- 
tical and Horizontal Engines, that have combined in 
them all the most valuable features to obtain a com- 
plete, substantial and simple engine. They are the 
patentees of the Nadig Pully Moulding Machine, that 



has proved of great utility, as pulleys are made on this 
machine without expensive patterns and at compara- 
tively trifling cost. Particular attention is given to the 
manufacture of Hoisting, Hydraulii; and Mining En- 
gines, their work comparing with any industry in the 
Valley for superior finish and completeness of design. 
They keep constantly on hand a full line of turned 
shafting. Ball and Locket Pillow Blocks, Post and Coun- 
ter Hangers, of their own make, also an as.sortment of 
.'^team Gauges, Whistles, Cocks, Globe and Safety-valves 
Oil Cups, Belting, Wrought Iron Pipe, etc. 

The members of the firm are Henrj'and Philip Nadig, 
both natives of Allentown, and practical men in their 
business. They exercise great care in the manufacture 
of everything and wari'ent them to be as complete and 
perfect as the highest degree of mechanical skill and 
the most careful selection of material can produce. 

\V. R. LAWFER & CO., 

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Dry Goods, 
Notions and Groceries, 611 and 613 Hamilton 

Street. 
One of the prominent business houses in Allentown 
is that of W. R. Lawfer & Co., dealers in Dry Goods, No- 
tions, Groceries, etc., who carry a complete stock of this 
class of goods, and occupy a position equal to any house 
in the city. This house was established in .18f)6, by 
Lawfer & Steckel, who conducted the business together 
uiitit 1874 when Mr. Steckel retired, and was succeeded 
by Mr. G. W. Hartzell. In 1876 Mr. Hartzell retired and 
the firm, as now constituted was formed. 

For many years the firm occupied the popular store 
at No. 626, Hamilton street, but their trade having out- 
grown those quarters the firm erected the handsome 
double store at No. 611 and 613 Hamilton street, (which 
at this writing is uotcompleted), giving them the largest 
Dry Goods Store in the Lehigh Valley, and one of the 
finest stores in town. In dimensions the new store is 
thirty t\.'et front by two hundred and thirty feet deep, 
three stories and basement, giving them ample room 
for the display of their stock, and is provided with 
every convenience for handling, storing and exhibiting 
their goods. In the rear of the store will be found a 
ladies' waiting and toilet room, 18x14 feet dimensions, 
fitted up with every convenience and comfort, for the 
accommodation of the lady patrons of the store, while 
in the rear of the basement will be provided a com- 
fortable shed, 80x30 feet fi>r the accommodation of pa- 
trons from the country, where thc^- can leave their 
teams in safety while transacting their business. 

In their new quarters this popular firm will always 
be prepared to extend a hearty welcome to all their 
friends in the Valley, and to offer for their inspection a 
stock of goods uusuri)assed by any similar establish- 
ment. The assortment will always embrace everything 
in seasonable goods— from the linest fabrics for ladies' 
wear to the staple line of domestic goods, including a 
full line of Notions, Trimmings, Hosiery, etc., and for 
gentlemen's wear a very desirable and stylish line of 
Cassimers, Suitings, and Heavy Goods. The facilities 
of this house are such as to enable them to ofl'er any of 
the desirable novelties as soon as they are introduced 
in the Eastern markets. 

In the grocery department they carry a complete line 
of staple and fancy goods, such as are required to meet 
the demands of a first-class trade, the aim of the house 
being to keep such a stock as will enable them to supply 
the wants of their extensive trade at all limes. 

Mr. W. R. Lawfer, the senior member of the firm, is a 
native of Northampton county, but removed to Allen- 
town in 1866, when he founded his present business. 
He is thoroughlv acquainted with all the details of bis 
calling, and oce'upies an honorable position among the 
business men of the city. 



120 



RESOURCES OF THE LEilK II VALJ.IOY. 



RITTEU & SAYLOR, 

Manufacturers of Fire 
Brick, Front Street, Be- 
tween Chew and Gor- 
don. 
The enterprise of Messrs. Rit- 
ter& Say lor, the pioneer coneern 
in the line of its operations, as 
well as one of the most extensive 
eslablishments in this country, is 
a particularly apt subject for 
conuiient in this work. 

The works were established in 
1854 by Mcllose & Ritter, who 
were succeeded in 1873 by the 
firm of Ritter & Saylor. Mr. Rit- 
ter is now deceased, the estate ^ 
being represented in the busi- g 
ness by Mr. Walter P. Ruber, ^ 
as guardian for the heirs. The _ 
plant of the works cover a plot ^ 
of ground 210 by 2G0 feet, im- pg 
mediately on the Lehigh Valley ^ 
Railroad. The buildings cou- ^ 
slsts of a main structure, two- pj 
stories, 68 by 150 feet, the upper ^ 
floor in use as a drying room 
and heated throughout with > 
steam pipe ; dry house, two-story, p< 
46 by 80 feet; dry-house, three- O 
story, 40 by 65 feet, and other ne- ^ 
cessary buildings used for storing 
the clay and stock. 2 

The works are supplied with ^ 
the most perfect machinery, es- 
pecially adapted to this line of § 
manufacture, the motive power " 
being furnished by a fifty horse- ^• 
power engine. There are four ^ 
kilns holding 130,000 brick to- g 
gether, and the works have a ^ 
capacity of over three and a half .^- 
million of fire-brick per annum, 
of the nine-inch standard, or its 
equivalent. In the various de- 
partments of the enterprise there 
are employed about seventy-five 
hands. 

The clay used is mostly mined 
from the celebrated Woodbridge, 
New Jersey, lands, and the bricks 
made from this clay have all the 
essential qualities of strength dn 
rability,and the capacity for sus- 
taining intense and long contin- 
ued heat, and by their freedom 
from combustible chemicals do 
not crack, fly or expand. They 
manufacture every description 

of Fire Brick for blast furnaces, rolling mills, steel niilN, 
foundries, gas works, etc., and in every conceivable 
shape and size, for any purpose where fire brick is 
used. The firm possess every facility for manufactur- 
ing, and with the advantage of long experience, and 
location for shipping (both by railroad and canal), can 
furnish goods in their line, of superior quality at the 
lowest market price. 

They are dealers in Fire-clay, Kaolins, Fire-sand, 
Ground Fire-clay, Fire Brick, Fire Mortar, etc, and 
carry a large stock of these goods. 

The executive head of the firm is Mr. D. O. Saylor.— 
He is also President of the Coplay Cement Company, 
and is gentleman of skill and ability and thoroughly 




lJi-i)ficient iu this sjiecial line of manufacture. Mr. 
Walter 1'. ilubcr, as a representative of the Ritter 
estate, is a valuable assistant in the managing of the 
wm-ks. The reputation of Allentown Fire Brick Works 
extends throughout the country, and the demand, 
wherever there are furnaces or manufactories requir- 
ing a superior article, is steadily increasing, well evi- 
dencing their very great superiority. 

Their works are the most extensive in the Valley, 
and are managed in a very thorough manner. The 
adjoining view will give a comprehensive idea of their 
magnitude, and serve to enlighten the reading of this 
article— a detailed review of enterprise and business 
sagacity. 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



121 



H. LEH & CO., 

WlIOLKSALR MANtlFACTUItKRS OP BoOTS AND 

Shoes, Nu.s. I'-ici and Gii8 Hamilton Stukkt. 

Of those industrial interests that have done so nuu-h 
to promote the conimercial and niaLrufaetiiriiig pros- 
perity of this Pity, the leather business is conspicuously 
important as being highly productive of the general 
wealtli and well-being. Tlie extensive enterprise of H. 
Leh ct Co., in the inanufacture of hand-made Boots and 
Shoes is deserving of special notice. 

This house was established in 1850 by H. Leh & Co., 
and although the same firm name has been retained 
there have been several changes in the proprietorship, 
Mr. Leh, however, always having retained his interest. 
The firm occupy the three upper floors of a large four- 
.story building, with a front of seventy-five feet and a 
depth of one hundred and twenty feet. This extensive 
floor space is all, utilized by their manufacturing de- 
partment, in which they employ one hundred and 
seventy five hands, with a. large monthly pay roll. From 
sixty to sixty-live machines are in constant use, beside 
the many other mechanical appliances that are now 
common to first-class factories. The firm manufacture 
about five hundred pair of boots and shoes per day, and 
their industry takes a front rank with similar establish- 
ments in Fasiern rennsylvania. 

At the Centennial Exhibition they displayed a very 
handsome assortment of their own manufacture, and 
were successful in securing for the display the follow- 
ing award : "A good exhibit of Women's. Misses, and 
Children's heavy and substantial Shoes, prime stock 
and workmanship, and good, full fitting and strong 
work. The heavy mining boot, brogan and buckle 
shoe are very superior articles for purposes intended. 
Prices of goods very reasonable-" This was signed by 
all the judges and the chief bureau of awards, and is 
of it.><olf a sufh<-icnt truarautee for their work. 

Both members of the firm.H. Leh and H. B. Koch, 
are natives of Alkntown. The senior, Mr. Leh, was born 
here in 1830, and during his business life has been 
prominent in promoting the industrial and commercial 
interests of Allentowu, and occupies an esteemed 
position in the consideration of this comnuinity. 

In its business policy the house is liberal, enterpris- 
ing and relia))le, and the goods which bear its trade 
mark cannot be considered as inferior to any manufac- 
tured in this State. 

EDWARD S. APPLE & CO., 

Wholes.vle Manufacturees of Cottage Cham- 
ber Furniture, No. 629 and 931 Walnut Street, 

The excellent facilities enjoyed by AUcntown as the 
centre of a lumber trade, which converges here by 
means of water and railroad communication from the 
lumbering districts of the State, have stimulated all 
manufactories in which wood is employed, and particu- 
larly is this noticeable in the production of Furniture, 
in which branch of manufacture the linn of E. S. Ap- 
ple & Co. take a prominent position, although not es- 
tablished until February 1, 1881. 

The factory occupies a two-story building at the 
above location, and is furnished with modern machin- 
ery and tools for doing first-class work. Here aro em- 
ployed ten skilled mechanics under the immediate and 
practical supervison of the firm, both of whom give 
their time to a careful oversight of the work, solicitous 
that nothing leaves tlieir establishment lacking in per- 
fect workmiinsliip or material. By such attention to 
the minute details, a business lias been rapidly secured 
throughout the city and surroumling country. They 
give their entire attention to the manufacture of Cot- 
tage Cliamber Furniture, and are producing many ele- 
gant and substantial designs in this inirlicular class. 



By thus confining themselves tooncVanch of man. 
ufacture they are enable to put in the market a much 
superior a.'isortnient, and guarantee every article that 
conies from their factory. 

The individual members of the firm {ire Edward S. 
Apple and Paul Winkler, both natives of Allentowu, 
and practical men in their enterprise. Both members 
are widely known in this city, and will be foun<l in bus- 
iness relations prompt, liberal and enterprising. 



HENRY GABRIEL, 

Manufacturer of Woolen and Cotton Goods, 

Foot of Water Street. 
Prominent among the industries that are adding to 
the wealth of the (ummunity are those for tlie manu- 
facture of woolen and cotton goods, employing as they 
do a large number of hands, and weekly circulating 
throtiglu the city large sums in wages. The oldest 
enterprise in this branch of manufacture is that of Mr. 
Heni-j' Gabriel, wlio established the business in 1839, at 
that time at Macungie, where he remained until 18.'i0,. 
when the increasing demand for his production in- 
fluenced the removal to AUcntown. The mill consists 
of a three-story brick building, ^OxI.tO feet in dimen- 
sions, fitted with the modern appliances for manufac- 
turing Woolen and Cotton Goods, Seamless Hosiery, 
Coverlets. Quilts, Yarns, etc. Both steam and water 
power are used in the mill, and in tlie various depart- 
ments there are employed fifty hands. The production 
of the various goods is about evenly divided in the de- 
mand between New York and Philadelphia and the 
local trade, and in amount reaches about 82.^,000 per 
annum. The goods have a high reputation for supe- 
riority in body and finish, and wherever introduced 
have always commanded the leading prices. At the 
Centennial Exhibition Mr. Gabriel received first pre- 
mium, over the production of many of the leading mills 
of the country. 

Mr. Gabriel was born in Germany in 1812, and early 
in life came to this country, where he has by industry 
and careful business habits succeeded in surrounding 
himself with a prosperous business. He has for nearly 
forty-years been a resident of AUcntown, and for many 
years, in connection with the mill, conducted a retail 
store for his goods. He is widely known and respected. 

A. W. SCHMEYER & CO., 

Marble Workers, Union Street, Between 
Third and Fourth. 

Marble is used more and more each year, and the 
sawing of the rough material keeps employed many 
hands. A prominent firm engaged in Ibis business is 
that of A. W. Schmeyer & Co., whose yard is located on 
Union street, between Third and Fourth streets. They 
receive the marble in the rough state from the leading 
quarries of the country, and by steam machinery prepare 
it for the various uses for which it is intended. Power 
is derived from the planing mill adjoining, and the 
works employ ten hands. The firm are also dressers of 
Marble, designing Cornices, Door and Window Sills, 
Monuments, T(jnibstones, etc., but giving particular at- 
tention to the department devoted to sawing. 

The works were establi>hed some years ago, the 
present firm becoming proprietors in 1880, since which 
time they have increased in capacity, and been supplied 
with sn|)erior facilities for rapid work. 

The senior, Mr. T. J. Schmeyer, is a native of Lehigh 
county, and has been engaged in the marble business 
for many years. The son, Mr. A. W. Schmeyer, is an 
enterprising young gentleman, and both are esteemed 
as active business men, thi>roughly understanding the 
details of the preparation of marble. 



122 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



WM. F. MOSSER, Act., 

Manufacturer of the Allf.ntown Turbine 
Water Whef.l and Keystone Bark Mill, Near 
L. V. R. R Depot. 

One of the prominent iudustrios of Allcntown is that 
-conducted by William P. Mosser, manufacturer of the 
■"Allentovvn Turbine Water Wlieel" and "Keystone Bark 
Mill," both of which have attained an extended popu- 
larity throughout tlie country. 

The enterprise was established in 1863 by Neligh & 
Mosser, and since that time it has undergone four 
■changes, and at present is under the control of William 
F. Mosser, one of the founders of the original firm. The 
works are very desirably situated on the Lehigh Valley 
Railroad, adjoining tlieir depot, and comprises five 
buildings, equipped and furnished with all tlie modern 
macliineiy for their specialties and general machine 
work. An engine of thirty-horse power is in use, and 
forty hands are employed in the various departments. 

The Allentown Turbine Water Wheel, (formerly the 
Eureka), which forms the greater part of their manu- 
facture, has been given many tryiug tests and has at all 
times .shown its superiority. A number of improve- 
ments have been made over what was known as the 
Eureka, prominent among them being the dispensing 
with the curb and gates of that wheel, and adopting in 
their stead what is known as the Todd improved curb 
and gales, which has proven to be of permanent benefit 
to the wheel. The wheel is cast in one piece, the 
buckets being turned up at their periphery to a shear, 
so that they will cut sticks, etc., that may pass the rack, 
the top being coucavein form so that when revolving 
the pressure of the water will relieve the step, the wheel 
actually revolving on the water. This fact is held to be 
of great importance. A few years ago a es was made 
of this wheel at Holyoke, Mass., by Jas. En er.son, Esq., 
& 36-inch wheel under a head of 1.S.06 feet showed 163 
revolutions, 59.27 hor.se power, 78.52 per cent, of useful 
effect of water used, and using 2,211.70 cubic feet of 
water. On part gate it sliowed 76.78 per cent, of useful 
effect of water used. This test has fully demonstrated 
that the Allentown Turbine Ls the most powerful wheel 
in the world, none other ever having demonstrated the 
revolutions and horse power under a like head so far as 
we have knowledge. 

The Keystone Bark Mill has been in successful opera- 
tion for a number of years, and has proven itself one of 
the best, chea])est and most economical bark grinders 
ever offered to the tanners. This mill is running in 
every State of the Union, from Maine to California, 
with quite a number iu Canada, Germany, Austria, 
Holland and other foreign countries. That the mill is 
all that is claimed for it, the very fact of over one 
thousand being in successful operation is of a sufficient 
guarantee. 

Mr. Mosser, the head of this enterprise, is a native of 
Lehigh county, and was born in 1833. He became con- 
nected with the works at their inception in 1863, and 
has ever since given them his entire attention. 



BROBST, DIEHL & CO., 

Publishers, Booksellers and Stationers, No. 

732 Hamilton Street. 
The leading house engaged in the above trade in the 
Lehigh Valley, is that of Bri)bst, Diehl & Co., who oc- 
cupy a handsome and commodious store. The business 
was established in 18 17 by Rcv..S. K. Brobst.who contin- 
ued the business alone until l.s72, when the firm became 
S. K. Brobst & Co., and this was sub.sequently changed 
to the present title in 1877. 
The firm are well known throughout the entire coun- 



try as the pnblislicrs of the Evangelical Lutheran 
Church, and very many of the valued publications of 
this denomination have been placed before the reading 
public by this liouse. The store is commodious, in di- 
mensions twenr^•-lhree by seventy feet, and is .stocked 
to repletion with an extensive variety of Books, .Station- 
ery, and the general goods incident to a store of this 
kind. A specialty is m ide of The )logical Works and 
Sunday School Books, together with School Books and 
School Stationery. This class of their stock is handled 
wholesale and retail, and the large and growing trade 
extends over the city and surrounding county. Season 
goods in various and elegant designs is an important 
element of their trade, as well as a general line of Com- 
mercial Blank Books of all kinds. 

The printing department is well stocked with type 
etc., for the general publisliiug business, and employs 
four hands. The firm also publish two papers, Jugend 
Pi-eund and Herold mid ZeiUchrift, both having a large 
circulation. 

The members ofthe firm are T.H. Diehl, M. Diehl, 
and S. J. Brobst, a son of the founder of the house, (who 
is now deceased). We dislike indulging in indiscrimi- 
nate commendation, and avoid it; but in this case we 
have no sort of hesitancy in saying that those who con- 
tract relation with this house will meet with just, hon- 
orable and liberal treatment in all respects. 

WM. H. TAYLOR & CO., 

Supplies for Railways, Mines, Mills, Furnaces, 
AND Engineers, 339 Hamilton Street. 

The advantages conferred upon Allentown by its geo- 
grapical position with reference to the railway system, 
as well as the benefit it derives from a direct water con- 
nection, reaching from the great cities ofthe East to the 
interior of the State, are such as to promote and foster in- 
dustries that in a less fortunate locality would have but 
few opportunities for growth or development. This in 
some measure accounts for the wonderful diversity of 
the enterprises that are carried on in this city, among 
which we note as a particularly useful branch of busi- 
ness that of the house of William H. Taylor & Co. 

This enterprise was started in Paterson. N. J. many 
years ago by Mr. Wm. H. Taylor, deceased, the father of 
the present proprietor. In 1869, at the earnest solicita- 
tion ofthe prominent iron manufacturers of the Lehigh 
Valley Mr. Taylor was induced to remove his business 
to Allentown, where they occupy the large and conven- 
ient store and warerooms at No. 339 Hamilton Street. 
They are the only house in the Valley dealing exclu- 
sively in supplies for Railways, Mines, Mills, Furnaces 
and Engineers, and at all times keep in stock a full line 
of articles used by these enterprLses. They make a spe- 
cialty of supplying Steam and Water Packings, Rubber 
Goods of every description. Cotton and Woolen Waste, 
Rubber and Leather Belting, Saw and Rolling Mill 
Supplies, Brass and Iron Valves, Whistles, Guages, Oils 
and Cylinder Tallow, Pumps and all other Machinery 
used about mines, as well as the supplies u.sed by the 
miners themselves. The house po.ssesses every facility 
for supplying these goods, and their extensive trade 
reaches out through the great iron, coal and lumber 
regions of this and Western States. 

Mr. William H. Taylor, the present head ofthe house, 
was born in Paterson, N. J., and since the removal of 
the business to Allentown he has fully identified him- 
self with its interests. We take pleasure in commend- 
ing this admirable house to the trade as one which is 
certain to give satisfaction in every particular; straight 
forward dealings, promptness and liberality, forming 
the basis and policy on which its business is conducted. 



RESOlTRrES OF THE LEHIOH VALLEY. 



12^!: 



H. M. LEH & CO, 

Lion Hall Clothing Store, No. fi28 Hamilton 
Street. 

Here is ceutred sieveral first class clotiiing liouses, tlie 
largest one being that of H. M. Leh & Co., who occupy 
a very commodious building. Their store has a front 
of twenty-two feet and extends Imck ime hundred and 
ten feet, the second floor being occupied by the work- 
men: the firm employing seventy-five hands. They 
manufacture all the clothing kept in stock, and also 
have a very large custom trade, requiring the services 
of four cutters constantly. Being thoroughly acquaint- 
ed with the business of making superior clothing, and 
giving it their personal attention, they have secured 
the largest trade in tlie city, and each season keep add- 
ing to their number of patrons. They also carry a full 
and complete line of F\u-nishing Goods. 

The house was established in 1863 by BreinigA Leh. 
who remained at its head until January 1, 1876, when 
the firm of II. M. Leh & Co. succeeded, and have very 
greatly increased the trade since the proprietorship. 

The firm is composed of Messrs. H. M. Leh, A. D. 
Dresher, and F. P. Lentz, all residents of AUentown, 
and active and enterprising business gentleman. Few 
houses have so rapidly attained the same success, 
fewer still that enjoy the confidence of its supporters 
more. Thoroughly understanding the trade, they are 
recognized as leaders in their business, and are person- 
ally esteemed and respected. 



W. B. POWELL, 

Agkicultural Machinery, No. 834 Hajolton 
Street. 

The production of Agricultural Machinery has made 
wonderful revolutions in farming, every farm being 
now supplied with these essentials. Being the county 
seat of Lehigh county, AUentown has located within 
her midst several enterprising business men, who deal 
exclusively in Agricultural Machinery, prominent 
among the number being Mr. \V. B. Powell. 

The business has been established about forty years, 
and is probably the oldest stand in the city devoted to 
this trade. Farmers will here find all the implements 
in use by them, including the celebrated Buckeye Mow- 
er and Reaper.Bates' Reaping Machine, Bates' Self-Rake, 
Triumph Reaping Machine, Horse Powers and Thresh- 
ers,Cultivators,Land Rollers, Field Seeds etc. The stock is 
unusually large, embracing a greater variety than is 
carried by any similar establishment. The well known 
reputation of this gentleman guarantees the utmost sat- 
isfaction with any machine that he may sell, as he per- 
mits a trial with most of them before payment is made. 

Mr. Powell is a gentleman that makes no misrepresen- 
tations to effect sales, and one with whom it is a pleas- 
ure to do business. 



S. & W. ROTH, 

Manufacturer of Bricks, Corner Third and 

Gordon Streets. 
The rapid improvements in the city have stimulated 
the manufacture of brick more than any other industry 
and the erection of many new buildings to keep pace 
with the city's growth have made a very great demand 
for them at home. 

The leading manufacturers in this community is the 
firm of S. & W. Roth. The firm are owners of another 
yard, which is situated on Tenth Street, they working 
both together, and employing at the two yards, 58 hands 
The main yard, at Third and Gordoii streets, includes 
nine acres, upon which are three kilns, and the various 
other buildings and sheds essential to currying on the 
business. They manufacture an average of thirty thous- 
and brick per day, or about three and a half millions 



for the season, and are the largest producers in the Val- 
ley, in which their trade is entirely loeated. 

The large yard was opened in ls-">7 t>y the senior of the 
present firm, Mr. Samuel Roth, w lio comiucted the bus- 
iness alone until 1801 .when the brother was admitted. 
They have been engaged under the firm name of S. & 
W. Koth continuously for twenty years, and have suc- 
ceeded in building up and retaining a very large trade. 
They were the first iu the Valley to binn brick with 
coal and only successful after much operaliou. Messrs. 
Samuel and William Roth are both natives of AUentown,. 
and are ranked among its prominent and respected 
business men. They are active and industriou.> gentle- 
men, and honorable in all their dealings. 



HERSH & BRO., 

Stoves, Heaters and Ranges, No. 80t Hamilton 
Street. 

One of the representative houses of AUentown is that 
of Hersh ik Bro., dealers in Stoves, Heaters, Ranges, and 
Tin-Ware, who were established iu 1876. They occupy 
the first and second floors, and basement, and this area 
is fully utilized by their growing business. Their stock 
is large, varied and valuable, and includes Furnaces, 
Ranges, Heaters, Stoves, Low-Down Grates, etc., of the 
leading manufacturers of the country. This store is 
specially adapted to the purpose, embracing an area of 
24 by 65 feet. The workshop is located in the rear, and 
in dimensions is 20 by 50 feet, and furnished with every- 
thing necessary to the prompt and perfect production 
of their work. The firm are manufacturers of tinware 
and paint cans, and employ in this department seven 
to twelve hands. They have a large jobbing trade iu tin- 
ware, extending throughout the greater part of the 
Lehigh Valley and the entire coal region. 

Among the special articles in w hich they deal, are 
the Colorado Refrigerators and Hersh's Wrought Iron 
Furnaces, which are recognized to be among the best in 
the market. The individual members of the firm are 
James N. and F'ranklin H. Hersh, both natives of Lehigh 
County, the former being born in 1849, and the latter in 
1851. Although established but six years, they have 
succeeded in building up a large trade, and the house 
is now one of the most important in this line iu the city 
and has attained a reputation second to no other in this 
class of goods. 

GUTH & KERN, 

Dry Goods & Notions, No. 634 H.ymilton Street. 

Many things contribute to make AUentown an im- 
portant purchasing centre for all classes of goods.— 
To accommodate the concentration of trade here there 
will be found a number of enterprising men in their 
respective departments, who have established houses 
that are a credit to the city. Among the number will 
be found the house of Guth & Kern, who occupy a 
foremost position in the dry goods trade. These gentle- 
man are located in the large double-front store at No. 634 
Hamilton street, where they carry a stock that is 
not excelled in quality by any other establishment iu 
the city. In Dry Goods their assortment embraces the 
many novelties that arc not often found in other houses 
in AUentown, and one of such quality as to command 
much of the bettc: ela-s of the trade. In addition will 
be found a full line of notions, including everything 
common to this department. The store was established 
in 18G0, and has a frontage of 18 feet, with a depth of 
70 feet, in which are employed a number of salesmen. 

Messrs. Guth & Kern are active and enterprising bus- 
iness gentleman, and their experience in the dry goods 
trade gives them a very promiment position in compe- 
tition with other houses. They are greatly respected 
in both public and private life. 



124 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



WOLF & HAMAKER, 

Manufacturers of Middlings Puri- 
fier, Corner Third and Union 
Streets. 
In the manufacture of superior flour the 
Middlings Purifier has enabled millers to pro- 
duce a liner and purer article at the same 
cost than was common under the old man- 
ner. The manufacture of these Purifiers has 
become an important industry, Alleutown 
being the location of the firm of Wolf & Ham. 
aker, who are rapidly assuming the leading 
position as manufacturers of these articles in 
Eastern Pennsylvania. Their works occu- 
py a two and a half story frame building, 
24 by 60 feet in dimensions, and employing 
ten hands. 

Their Middlings Purifier, was patented 
April 8 1879, with a re-issue April 20 1880.— 
This Purifier is adapted to all mills, large or sunui, and 
purifies either Spring or Winter wheat. The machine 
is so constructed that no air can go through it without 
acting on the middlings and sieve, and possesses two 
shakers, the middlings traveling backward on the upper 
sieve, with a fine cloth and light suction, where the 
:fine middlings and the light flour is taken out, without 
any waste in blowing or oifal, and from the upper sieve 
it is dropped to the lower, with a stronger suction and 
traveling in the opposite direction. The middlings from 
the upper shaker is then discharged to the bottom of 
the lower shaker and mixed with the course, or, it can 
be discharged separately at the back, and just as the 
party using it wishes to have it. It is conceded by 
those who have used it to be the completest purifier 
manufactured, and its popularity is continually spread- 
ing. 

Mr. Wolf, the senior member of the firm, and'one of 
the patentees, is in direct charge of their manufacture. 
His partner, Mr. D. L. Hamaker, is a r3sident of East 
Hempfield, Lancaster county, where he is engaged in 
the milling business. These gentleman are rapidly 
introducing their excellent Purifier in the mills of East- 
ern Pennsylvania, and as fast as they are manufactur- 
ed they find purchasers. 




MASSEY'S JEWELRY ESTABLISHMENT, 
625 Hamilton Street. 

This is the oldest established jewelry store in Allen- 
town, and was founded in 1835, by Mr. Charles S. Mas- 
sey. who continued the business here until his death in 
1&81, a period of forty-six years. This establishment 
keeps constantly on hand a large assortment of all 
kinds of Jewelry, etc., such as Watches, of foreign and 
domestic manufacture. Clocks, Silverware, Spectacles, 
etc. The business is now under the management of Mr. 
J. H. Massey, who brings to it younger ideas and enter- 
prise, which has already manifested itself in a larger 
and more extended variety of goods. A practical de- 
partment is that of the repairing and adjusting of 
watches, in which there are employed three assistants, 
all of whom are skilled workmen imd practical watch- 
makers, who carefully execute all work placed in their 
hands. 

Mr. Massey is a life-long resident of Allentown, hav- 
ing been born in the city in l&iS, and early entered the 
store of his father, and upon his death in 1«81, succeeded 
to the management of the business, for which he is pre- 
•eminently fitted. With his zeal and energy in business, 
we bespeak for him a large patronage in the near future. 
He is very generally esteemed in both, public and pri- 
vate life. 



W. R. STECKEL, 

Fine, Fancy and Staple Groceries, 639 Hamil- 
ton St reet. 
The leading establishment in the city for the sale of 
the finest class of Family Groceries is that of Mr. W. R, 
Steckel, whose store is literally stocked with fine, fancy 
and staple groceries. The business was established in 
1872 by the present proprietor, who was compelled in 
1878 to remove , to accommodate the growing trade, to 
the commodious and desirable store where now located. 
It is in every respect adapted to his particular demands, 
and in dimensions is twenty-two by sixty feet. The 
specialties are Teas, Coffees, and substautials, and every- 
thing suitable for the breakfast, luncheon, dinner and 
tea table. Great care is taken by him in the selection 
of choice teas of fine quality, which are put up in con- 
venient packages to suit the requirements of his cus- 
tomers. Beside a full line of staple goods, there will be 
found a choice assortment of canned goods, including 
all the Vegetables, Pickles, Olives, Preserves, Marma- 
lade, and Jellics,togetlier with the finest Olive Oil every 
bottle of which is guaranteed to be pure, which make 
up the most complete and valuable stock of necessaries 
and delicacies to be found in the city. The trade con- 
nected with the house is very large, requiring the at- 
tention of four assistants, who, like their employer, 
make every possible effort to give satisfaction to all. 

Mr. Steckel has been a resident of Allentown for six- 
teen years, and previous to opening the present estab- 
lishment was engaged in the dry goods and grocery 
business, and is in his knowledge of the business in 
which he is engaged, not to be excelled. As a citizen 
he is highly respected. 



W. J. EGGE & CO., 

Manufacturers of Bricks, Tenth Street Near 
Allen. 
Few cities of the same sixe have within their limits 
so many manufacturers of brick as can be found in Al- 
lentown. The clay found in this vicinity is recognized 
as being very superior for the purpose, and the brick 
manufactured therefrom are considered to be the equal 
if not superior of any produced in the Valley. The 
quantity annually manufactured at this point is con- 
tinually growing greater, and it forms one of the im- 
portant industries of the city. Prominent among the 
yards here located, will be found that of W. J. Egge & 
Co., which was opened about fifteen years ago. The 
site is a very desirable one, and comprises every facility 
for the rapid manufacture of Brick of all common 
grades. The production of the yard averages about 
twelve thousand brick per day, and this amount is not 



RESOURCES OF THE I.EHIGII VALLEY. 



125 



any more than sufficient to supply the growing trade of 
the firm. They have two kilus, one with a capacity of 
2()0,(JO0 and the other of lin.DOO brick, and employ about 
the premises fifteen to tweiity hands. There being no 
•demund for home-made pressed brick, the firm couhne 
them.selves exclusively to manufacturing the ordinary 
redbrick, and now occupy a leading position in the 
trade. 

The firm is composed of William J. Egge and W. P. 
Hubcr, both natives of Alleutovvu, the former, and head 
of the firm, being a practical man in brick making of 
tifty years' experience. 

KNAUSS & GRAMMES, 

Machinists and Aijents kok the Otto Silent 

Gas Enuine, T>6 Uamiltu.v SriiF.KT. 
This is one of the most commendable enterprises in 
Allcntown, where they do general machine repairing 
and manufacture various articles of utility. The busi- 
ness was established in 1S76 by Mr. George L. Knauss, 
as a machine and repair shop, in a room sixteen feet 
snuarc, but intheshort space of six mouths he was com- 
pelled to increase his facilities by the iutroduction of 
new machinery and the enlargement of his shop by the 
addition of another room. A year later he took the 
agency for a number of sewing machines, and still fur- 
ther increased his facilities. lu 1878 Mr. Lewis F. 
Grammes, an expericuced mechanic, entered into part- 
uership, the name of the firm being George L. Kuau>s 
& Co., which coutiuued without change until January 
I, 1881, when the present title was adopted. At tlio 
same time finding that their shop was entirely inade- 
quate for their business, which had now become large, 
they leased the storeroom at 726 Hamilton street, and 
the large brick shop in the rear of the premises, on 
Maple street, tliirty by ninety feet in dimensions. This 
shop they fitted up with new machinery, and placed in 
it one of the Otto Silent Gas engines. 

They employ seven hands, who, on account of the 
pressure of work, put in twelve hours per day. Tlie 
kind of work they are principally engaged in is manu- 
facturing cigar box machinery for parties in New York, 
making Lathes, Knitting Machines, and any kind of 
liglit machinery. They also manufacture Tower Clocks, 
and repair any make of Sewing Machines. 

The storeroom. No. 726 Hamilton street, is stocked with 
sewing machines— they selling eleven kinds— The New 
Davis, Improved Elias Howe, St. John, Improved Stew- 
ard, Improved American, Improved Singer, New Home, 
Improved Wilson, Household, White and Domestic. All 
the attachments to any of these machines can be had 
at this place, as well as Needles, Thread, etc. They are 
also agents for the Domestic Paper Patterns, and the 
Challenge, the Rival and the Lester Bracket Saws. 

l$oth members of the firm are natives of AUentown, 
and are practical mechanics, their knowledge in this 
direction being evinced by the manner they have secured 
success. This enterprise takes a prominent position 
ami^ng Allentowu's industries. 

A. J. KLEPPINOER, 

Wholesale Groceks, 145 and 147 Hamilton 

Street. 
Each year witues.ses the growth of the wholesale trad® 
•of this city, and the near future gives promise of a 
brighter basiness activity. The business of this house 
was established in 1870 by the present proprietor, who 
lias conducted it upon such principles that the house 
rapidly grew in favor with dealers, and the trade in a 
very short while reached a large amount. He occujiies 
a three-story brick building, with a front of thirty feet 
ami a depth of one hundred and sixteen feet, which 



gives very amj^le space for the storage of his large 
stock. He keeps a full line of groceries and provisions, 
including Teas, Coffees, Spices, etc., of acknowledged 
purity and excellence, and a general variety of all goods 
embraced in a first-class establishment of this kind. 
The business of the house is confined entirely to local 
trade, and it enjoys a high reputation in the mercantile 
community of AUentown. 

Mr. Kleppinger is a native of AUentown, and is a 
young gentleman of enterprise and well qualified to 
carry on successfully the business he so firmly estab- 
lished. Possessed of the attributes which are requisite 
for successful business men, he has sustained in this 
city an enterprise that exercises a strong influence in 
making this a desirable purchasing centre. 

ALLENTOWN OIL COMPANY, 

L. H. Gross, Manager, Office, Corner Centre 
Square and South Seventh Street. 
Among the new enterprises located in this city, and 
one that rapidly assumed prominence, is the AUentown 
Oil Company, which was organized December 1, 1880. 
The Company are dealers in all kinds of Lubricating, 
Carbon and Headlight Oils, and furnishes dealers with 
any desired quantity and at lowest quotable prices. 
Their warehouses are both located at Salisburg, on the 
Reading Railroad, where they receive the oU in tanks 
and barrel it for the trade. This oil is received direct 
from the leading oil centres of the country,in such quan- 
tities that it gives them decided advantage over other 
dealers. Orders at the oftice on South Seventh street, 
near Centre Square, will receive prompt attention and 
ensure the delivery of oil in the shortest possible time. 
The business of the Company was commenced in a 
comparatively small way, but proved successful from 
the first, and has gradually reached proportions of no 
inconsiderable magnitude. 

Mr. Gross, the manager, is a gentleman thoroughly 
conversant with the oil business. The Company stand 
at the head of the trade, and are favorably known 
throughout this entire section. The unusual facilities 
possessed by the Allentowu Oil Company enable them 
to offer to customers and the trade generally the most 
reliable goods, on the most favorable terms. 

OAK HALL CIGAR FACTORY, 

AVeaverBros., Prop's,46 North Seventh Street. 

It has become an axiom in the cigar manufacturing 
trade that those only succeed who get up a good article 
at a fair price, and then maintain it at its full standard. 
The truth of this is exemplified iu the success of Weav- 
er Brothers, proprietors of Oak Hall Cigar Factory, who 
in April, 1880, .succeeded Mr. J. D. Weaver, the gentle- 
man that established the business in 1878. i 

They occupy a handsome and substautial brick build - 
iug,.54x80 feet,and three-stories in height.in which about 
100 to 150 skilled workmen are employed producing on 
an average 200,000 cigars per month, or about 2,.'>00,000 
annually, including many of the finest brands iu the 
market. Their facilities for producing such a large 
quantity of these goods, enables them to purchase the 
leaf direct from growers, securing the most favorable 
terms. Their trade is principaUy located in the West, 
where their cigars have a high reputation for excel- 
lence. The retail department is stocked with the choic- 
est of their manufacture, and smokers are always sure 
of securing the finest flavored in the market. 

The individual members of the firm are Messrs. Jacob 
D. Weaver, born In AUentown in 1853, and Milton D. 
Weaver, bom here in 1843. They are rated among the 
most reliable dealers in the trade, and have built up 
their present extensive business by industry and hon- 
est dealing. 



128 



RESOURfES OF THE LEHK^-H VALf.KY. 



ALLFV l.H'xrAL FTRK INSURANCE COMPANY, 
Office, 720 Hamilton Street. 

The subject nl rirc iiisununc is one that interests bus- 
iness man and no prudent gentleman, either in public 
or private life who has money values or property, 
would neglect to make some provision against a possi- 
ble loss. In making such provision, the first essential 
point is the selection of a first-class reliable company, 
one that has stood the trials of business life for a long 
term of years, and has installed itself into the confidence 
of the community by an honorable and upright course. 

The oldest company in Allentown is the Allen Mu- 
tual Fire Insurance Company, which was incorporated 
March 3, 1859, and since that time, has pursued a most 
successful business career, always paying its obligations 
promptly, and all its transactions meeting with tlie ap- 
proval of its many policy liohicrs. As an evidence of 
the character and staiuling of the 'Old Allen," the last 
annual statement of the Company will show at a glance 
the extent of its business and its solvency ; 

Balance Sheet, January 1, 1881. 

1)R. 

Assets $ 1.492.34 

Policnes Assessable .... 557,091.25 

CR. 

Income -.-... $1,720.72 

Expenses— Including all Losses - - 1,2.59.48 

The officers and directors are gentleman well-known 
in Allentown, and throughout the Lehigh Valley, and 
represent some of the most substantial business men in 
this part of Pennsylvania. They are as follows: Presi- 
dent, C.J. Erdman; Vice President, Ephraim Grim; 
Secretary and Treasurer, T. B. Leisenring; Directors, 
C. J. Erdman, Ephraiu Grim, Dr. A. J. Martin, Henry 
Gabriel, Jacob Ernst, Wm. R. Lawfer, Owen H. Laub, 
W. K. Kuhe, F. J. Newhard, L. A. T. Wartman, R. Clay 
Hamersly, and T. B. Leisenring. 

The office of the Company is at No. 720 Hamilton 
Street, where the Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. Leisen- 
ring, is in constant attendance. Those desirious of in- 
suring property would consult their own interest by 
placing their risks with this reliable Company, and 
thus secure a connection that would prove of benefit 
where most desired. Their rates are only about one 
half charge by the ordinary stock companies and only 
first class risks are taken. 



REUBEN ENGLEMAN, 

Carriage Builder, 113 South Seventh Street. 

Allentown is the location of several first-class carriage 
buildens, and among that number must be classed Mr. 
Reuben Eugleman. The business was established as 
far back as 1850, and in 1859 it was removed to the pres- 
ent location, one of the most convenient in the city.— 
The building is a substantial three-story structure of 
frame fitted up in the most desirable and complete man. 
ner with every facility for prosecuting the manufacture 
of carriages through its ttiany stages. A large elevator 
runs from the show room on the first floor to the third 
floor, enabling them to transport the carriages in a 
completed condition from the paint-room to the ware- 
rooms. 

The establishment is divided into several departments 
comprising the blacksmith, wood-working and paint 
shops, and trimming and finishing rooms, requiring the 
employment of a number of hands, and under the su- 
perintendence of the proprietor in person. All kinds 
of carriages and light wagons are built in any and 
every style and for every leciuired purpose. Particular 
attention is given to repairing of vehicles of every de- 
scripti(m. The greater part of the work is built to order 
and as this establishment is well and favorably known 



^lirouglioin Leliigh county for the turning outof car- 
riages and wagons that are celebrated for their long 
wear, the factory has a very desirable trade. 

Mr. Engleman is a native of Allentown, and has been 
engaged in the present l)usine.ss since 1844. He is an 
industrious and practical mechanic, and fairly merit* 
the high reputati(}n he has achieved. 

BIRCHALL & PARTON, 

Plumbers, Gas and Steam Fitters, 42 North 
Seventh Street. 

The most conspicuous house in the above trade in Al- 
lentown, is that of Birchall & Parton, which was estab- 
lished in 1869 by the present firm. Their establishment, 
is extensive, occupying an area of 20x70 feet. The gen- 
eral stock, which is very complete and valuable, com- 
prises Bath-Tubs, Water Closets, Copper and Wrought 
Iron Boilers, fittings of Wrought Iron Pipe.Hot Air Reg- 
isters and Ventilators, Iron and Brass Globe Valves, 
and Stop Cocks, and, indeed, all materials which are 
requi.site for supplying plumbers, steam and gas fitters. 
They also carry in stock, or will order from the leading 
houses ot New York or Philadelphia ga* cliandelers and 
fixtures of all kinds. They make a speciality of Steam 
Heating by direct or indirect radiation. In every 
branch pertaining to the trade this house is prepared 
to compete with any within a range of ten to twenty 
miles of this city, and estimates are promptly and cheer- 
fully given. Every invention or improvement made 
in this business is at once secured or adopted by the 
house, which may be implicitly depended upon to ful- 
fill all contracts undertaken with promptness and with 
entire satisfaction to all concerned. 

Mr. Birchall is a native of Philadelphia, and Mr. Par- 
ton of Brooklyn, New York, and both are practical men 
and thorough plumbers. They hold a high position in 
the community as enterprising and reliable business 
men. 



S. O. BACHMAN, 

Floui{, Feed, Grain and Hay, 107 and 109 Ham- 
ilton Street. 

Prominent among the houses in Allentown that are 
devoted to supplying the necessaries of life to man and 
beast, is that of Mr. S. O. Bachman, dealer in Flour, 
Feed, Grain and Hay. The business was established 
about thirteen years ago, by Mr. Thomas Strauss, who 
relinquished the business to his son, John A. Strauss 
and the present proprietor in 1880; in 1881 Mr. J. A. 
Stran.ss retired and Mr. B. succeeded in March, 1881. 

The business location is a most desirable one, imme- 
diately on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and comprises 
a large three-story brick building, 40x70 feet in dimen- 
sion, all of which is in use to accommodate the trade 
connected with the house. Mr. Bachman deals prin- 
cipally in Western flour, among the brands being those 
of Pillsbury's, Christian's and Barber's, all of which 
have become famous throughout the country for their 
purity and excellence. His unusual facilities for the 
receipt and shipment of flour, as well as the extensive 
storehouse, enables him to carry in stock a sufficient 
quantity to at once fill any order that may be required. 
Grain, Feed and Hay forms also an '!;iportant branch 
of the business, and the trade in these commodities 
stamps the house as first-class in every particular. 

Mr. Bachman was born in Freemansburg, North- 
ampton county, in 1847, and for nine years has been en- 
gaged in the milling business. He is also interested in 
the production of iron ore. He attends personally to 
the flour and feed business, and his lengthened exper- 
ience and knowledge of the trade gives him many ad- 
vantages which his patrons derive material benefit. 



RESOURCES OF THE LEIIIGH VALLEY. 



127 



C. F. WOLFERTZ A CO., 

Manufacturkrs of Pf.n and Pocket Cutf.lry, 
304, 306, 308 AND 310 RiDGE RoAD. 
There are certain enterprises carried on here which 
cannot be regarded as of secondary importance to the 
growth and prosperity of the city in an industrial sense. 
Of such firms that of C. F. Wolfertz &Co. are prominent. 
Established in 1862, the business was commenced on a 
small scale, growing gradually from year to year, the 
founder and proprietor paying more attention to tlie 
excellence of the wares manufactured than the amount 
of sales or monetary return. He has devoted himself 
with ardor to the production of edged tools w'hich 
should be at least equal to any manufactured in this 
country, and vie in excellence with the imported Eng- 
lish goods. That he has succeeded in this object is no 
matter of doubt, and the excellence attained in the 
production of his specialties is such as to have created 
a demand from the nearest as well as the most remote 
part of the United States. 

As before stated, the business was established in 1862, 
by Mr. Wolfertz, who continued alone until 1873, when 
the firm became Wolfertz & Waldman. The next and lust 
change was in 1879, when it was succeeded by Wolfertz & 
Co., the sons of Mr. W. representing the "Co." The history 
of the enterprise is interesting. His first motive power 
was furnished by dogs, which turned a large wheel, 
which in turn propelled the other machinery. But this 
primitive style of moving machinery was found to be 
insuflHcient and as his business increased he had 
to look for other power. He next tried water 
power, which for a time answered the requirements, 
but as time moved on, it too was found inadequate and 
too irregular. His progress and success compelled him 
to introduce steam and machinery of a more extensive 
and improved character, until he found that his orig- 
inal premises, though enlarged, were too small to ac- 
commodate his business. Accordingly he looked about 
for a location to establish his works and secured a site 
at the corner of Chew Street and Ridge Road, and at 
once erected a very handsome and commodious build- 
ing, and removed thereto from his old location at 604 
Hamilton Street, in May 1, 1881. The dimensions of 
this establishment are as follows : entire front 67 feet, 
main building 97 feet deep ; forging shop, 20 by 24 feet; 
raw material room, 20 feet square; office and ware- 
rooms, 20 by 80 feet ; the whole, with the exception of 
the engine room, being two-stories, and constructed of 
brick. Forty operators, most of whom are experts in 
the working of steel and finishing of fine cutlery , are en- 
gaged here, while one fifteen-horse power engine is re- 
quired to move the machinery. When the establish- 
ment is in complete running order the number of hands 
employed will be considerably increased. 

The firm confine themselves exclusively to the 
manufacture of Pen and Pocket Cutlery, and the qual- 
ity of these goods may be implicitly relied upon, being 
manufactured of the best cast steel, and are guaranteed 
to be flawless. These works are the only ones of the 
kind in the Valley. 

Mr. C. F. Wolfertz is a native of Germany, coming to 
this country in 1853, and worked as a journeyman at 
his trade in Philadelphia until 1862, when he located 
in AUentown, and founded the present enterprise. His 
standing is so well known as to need no commendation 
at our hands; suffice to say, that in a career extending 
over so long a period, he has maintained a reputation 
of which he may be justly proud, and for which he is 
entitled to the highest consideration. The large build- 
ing which he erected for this industry, is an ornament 
to that portion of the town wherein it is located, and 
a monument to the enterprise and business tact of its 
founder. 



F.W. WEIL & CO., 

Wholesale Manufacturers of Parlor Suits, 
1031 AND 1033 Linden Street. 

While reviewing the manufacturing interests and en- 
terprises of AUentown, we were more than ordinarily 
attracted by the establishment of F. W. Weil & Co., and 
the Parlor Suits produced by the firm.the "Co," of which 
is merely nominal. 

The buildings were erected many years ago by Mr. 
Weil and operated under the firm name of S. Dornblas- 
er <& Co., until succeeded by Mr. George P. Weil, in 1877. 
This gentleman continued the business until 1879, when 
the firm of T. W. Weil & Co, was organized and besjau 
the manufacture of Furniture exclu-sivcly. The locu- 
tion of the manufactory is very desirable, and the fina 
have abundance of room for the storage of lumber and 
other purposes. The main building is of frame, two 
and a half stories, and thirty by one hundred and twen- 
ty feet in dimensions, furnished throughout with all 
the modem machinery and appliances for manufactur- 
ing Furniture. A force of twenty workmen are employ- 
ed continually in the establishment, while a twenty- 
four horse-power engine is used to operate the machin- 
ery, much of which is ingenious, and especially design- 
ed for this particular work. 

The firm are wholesale manufacturers of Parlor Suits, 
and confine themselves exclusively to their particular 
goods. From the receipt of the wood in the rough to 
the handsomely designed furniture, every process of 
manufacture is executed by the establishment. The 
trade is located in New York, Philadelphia and North- 
ern and Eastern Pennsylvania, and is rapidly growing 
to large proportions. 

The proprietor of the enterprise, Mr. F.W. Weil, was 
born in New York city in 1849, and for twenty-five years 
has been a resident of AUentown. The equitable man- 
ner in which he conducts his business, as well as the 
admirable quality and character of the furuiture man- 
ufactured, are guarantees of future success. 

W. F. HECKER, 

Millinery and Notions, 619 and 621 Hamilton 
Street. 

One of the handsomest establishments on Hamilton 
street, is that of Mr. W. F. Hecker, dealer in Millinery 
and Notion Goods and Sewing Machines. It has an at- 
tractively painted double front of twenty-four feet, and 
extending back to a depth of sixty feet, which includes 
the workroom in the rear. This spacious storeroom is 
stocked with a very select assortment of new and fasii- 
ionable millinery goods, including all the leading styles 
in Ladies' Hats and Bonnets and Trimmings for the 
same. As fast as these articles are introduced in the 
large cities, they are secured by Mr. Hecker, thus keep- 
ing his stock up to a very superior standard. Ladies 
can obtain their bonnets already trimmed or made 
to order, in either case the utmost satisfaction guar- 
anteed and assured. Practical milliners are always 
employed, who thoroughly understand the prevailing 
styles, and are ready to execute orders with the utmost 
dispatch. For these goods it is the leading store in the 
city, and ladies will at all times find that they can se- 
cure greater bargains for less money than in common 
with establishments outside of the large cities. 

Mr. Hecker is the agent for the well-known Domestic 
and Weed Sewing Machines, and also deals in those of 
other makes, particularly the Wheeler & Wilson. 

Mr. Hecker is a native of Lehigh county, and in 1865 
began the business of store-keeping, removing to Allen- 
town in 1868, and in 1869 to the present commodious 
and desirable situation, where he commands the lead- 
ing trade of the line in the city. 



128 



E-ESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



TII/iHMAN STATLER, 

Manufacturkr of Carriages, Bur.ciEfs, SLEif;iis, 
ETC., N. E. Corner Sixth and Linden Strkkts. 

These works were established in 1830 by Stephen Bar- 
ber, who was succeeded in 1842 by the present proprie- 
tor, who has successfully carried them on, for a period 
of thirty-nine years. 

The premises consist of a three-story structure, 26 by 
l.vj feet, with other buildings, the whole forming a very 
extensive plant. The building is substantially con- 
structed of brick, well fitted throughout for the business 
and supplicil with every requisite for all work in the 
line of fine carriage building, and general repairing of 
all kinds of vehicles. Mr. Statler employs sixteen hiuids, 
and is himself a practical builder, perfectly familiar 
with the manufacture of Carriages, making it his ob- 
ject to excel, and the superiority of his work has be- 
come so well known that the trade has gradually in. 
creased until it now reaches nearly 130,000 per annum, 
The trade is principally local including a stretch of 
country extending thirty miles around Alleutowu. The 
large store-room on the first floor is at all times well 
stocked with a superior variety of pleasure carriages, 
embracing all the fashionable styles in use in this sec- 
tion, to the imspection of which the public is respect- 
fully invited. 

Mr. Statler, the head of this enterprise, the largest in 
the city, was born near AUentown in 1818, but for a 
number of years was a resident of Northampton coun- 
ty. As before stated, Mr. Statler is a practical man in 
the business, and only asks an opportunity to compete 
with other manufacturers to show that he can offer ad- 
vantages in all respects equal in style, quality or price. 
Mr. Statler, as a manufacturer of carriages occupies the 
verv front ranks. 



REUBEN SOLLIDAY, 

Manvfacturer of Iron Railings, Corner Ninth 
and Walnut street. 

For many years Mr. Reuben Solliday has been well 
and favoral)ly known in AUentown as a practical and 
skillful machinist, and the work turned out from every 
branch of his establishment has long been recognized 
by the community as first-class. It is now fourteen 
years since he began the manufacture of Iron Railings, 
in this city, and during this lengthened period he has 
been continuously engaged in the business, and his 
name and reputation as a manufacturer have become 
wide-spread and well-known throughout the entire 
Valley. 

He occupies extensive building>, including foundry, 
machine shop, warehou.se, etc.. supplied with first-class 
machinery and tools for the manufacture of all kinds 
of Railings. From seven to ten hands are employed in 
the various departments. • 

Mr. Solliday is the pateutcee of a number of orna- 
mented Iron Railings, and manufactures from twenty- 
five to thirty difi'erent patterns. He keeps in stock a 
large variety of new designs, made of wrought iron, and 
beautifully ornamented with fancy castings, which for 
lightness, durability and beauty cannot be excelled. 
He also has a number of new styles of French Roof 
Railings, and Patent wrought iron Cellar Gates, as well 
.•IS an extensive variety of Garden Ornaments, Flower 
stands, etc., all of wliich are manufactured in the most 
substantial manner. 

Mr. Solliday is a native of AUentown, esteemed and 
respected by all. Those contemplating repairing or 
building new fences around their residences, would 
consult their own interests by giviug him a call and in- 
specting the many handsome designs that he manu- 
factures. His railings make the handsomest fencing 
that is in use, and add very much to the value and ap- 
pearance of property when surp-unded by it. 



BANKS &MATIir.\S, 

Chair Mami-actitrer.s, 812 Hamilton Steet. 

One of tliecildost factories in the city is that of Banks 
it Mathias, who manufact\ire very extensively all kinds 
Splint and Wood Bottom Chairs. It has been in opera- 
tion for about 50 years. It was started by Reuben 
Rice; afterwards became Rice & Sieger, and was con- 
tinued by Reuben Sieger until 1880, when the present 
firm was organized. They occupy three buildings, the 
store and salesroom being a three-story structure, 20 by 
50 feet, in dimensions; storage building, 20 by 40 feet, 
and the factory, 20 by (JO feet, four stories in height and 
employ eight hands. This gives ample room for their 
business, which is constantly growing and gives evi- 
dence of now becoming an important industry. Their 
chairs are substantially made, comprising all the dif- 
ferent kinds of Splint and Wood Bottom House and 
Office Chairs. The trade is both wholesale and retail, 
and extends through the Lehigh Valley to Towanda, 
and the Schuylkill region. A speciality is made of re- 
pairing and repainting old chairs, and all work left 
with them receives prompt attention. 

Mr. (Jharles Banks, the senior of the firm, is a native 
of Schuylkill county, while Mr. Christian Mathias is of 
Berks county. They are active and industrious, and 
personally superintend the mauufacture of their chairs 
which have attained a reputation for substantial work- 
manship, neatness or design and fine finish, not excell- 
ed by any other house. 

HENNINGER & FLEXER, 

Agricultural M.vchineky, 944 Hamilton St. 

Lehigh county, of which AUentown is the county 
seat, is devoted largely to agriculture, the farmers being 
a thrifty and industrious class. The supplying of them 
with the necessary machinery to rapidly and success- 
fully conduct their vocation, has grown to be a repre- 
sentative business, and the county seat is the location 
ofa number of reputable houses devoted to this trade. 
Among them is that of Henninger & Flexer, where 
there is to be found a general variety of all kinds of 
machinery, including the well-known Johnston's Mow- 
ers and Reapers, that have a reputation throughout the 
country for excellent work ; Heebner's Horse Powers 
and Threshers, Hay Rakes, Cultivators, Corn Shellers, 
Wiard's Chilled Plows, etc. Their stock of these articles 
is always large, and farmers will find the house a desir- 
able one to make business connections with. The firm 
are also the agents for the phosphates of the New Jer- 
sey Chemical Company, one of the best fertilizers now 
in the market. 

Messrs. Henninger & Flexer are well-known through- 
out the county, and though in the present business but 
one year have secm^ed a very fair share of the trade. 

E. D. JEANES, 

Photographic Artist, 716 Hamilton Street. 

Prominent among the galleries located in AUentown 
is that of Mr. E. D. Jeanes, a gentleman whose thorough 
knov.'ledge of the art has given him much of the best 
patronage of this section. He established his gallery in 
this city in 1874, and in April. 1879, removed it to the 
present location, No. 716 Hamilton street, over the post- 
office. Here he has a large, handsome waiting parlor, 
with operating room in rear, furnished with new instru- 
ments, all the latest designs of back-grounds, and other 
accessories, so that he is prepared to make all the latest 
styles of pictures and finish them in the best manner 
known to the art. His work includes everything in the 
photographic line, and he guarantees eijtire satisfaction 
with all pictures eminating from his hands. 

Mr. Jeans was born in \Villmington, Delaware, but 
has resided in AUentown for the past thirteen years. 
He is a practical man in his business, and enjoys supe- 
rior facilities for producing fine and artistic work. 



■RESOURCES OF THE [.KIIKJII VATJ-EV. 



129 



MIfFXTX BRASS AND IRON VVOKKS, 

Edward Gough, Proprietor, on the Lehioh 
Vai.i.ey Railroad. 

As stated elsowhert- , many of the most enterprisinti 
industries of this city have been established withoul 
■capital ami upon the most limited scale, tliut of Mr. 
Edward Gouj^h furni.shing an example of this statement 
to a striking degree. In 1875, without otlier capital 
than that bused upon hisexpertness as amachinest and 
tharacteristic integrity, began operations for hini.seU 
upon a small scale. The l)usiness. however, lli)>irishe<i 
:iud annually increased, and he now occupies a com- 
modious location on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, near 
the AUentown Rolling Mill Company's office. He occu- 
pies two foundries and a machine .shop, and they are 
furnished with all the necessary and improved machiu- 
er>-for the manufacture of his specialty of articles.— 
The Phamix Brass and Iron Works have a reputation 
that extends all over the State as a manufaiturcr of 
Hard and Soft Chilled Rolls, Church Bells, and Rolling 
Mill Machinery of every description. These goods, 
])arlicularly the Rolls, having customers in every por- 
tion of Pennsylvania. Outside of Pittsburg, no manu- 
facturer of these articles has attained the success that 
Mr. Gough has, and the demand for them is continually 
growing, lie also manufactures all kinds of Bra.ssCast- 
ings, Sand Rolls and Pinions, and Iron Work, all in the 
nio.st workmanlike manner, and is recognized as a 
thorough man in the manufacture of these goods. 

Ten mechanics are now employed in the works, and 
an engine of twenty-horse power is required to operate 
the machinery. The facilities enjoyed by Mr. Gougli 
for the manufacture of all description of work in his 
department of mechanics are ample, and his personal 
supervision is such that his customers may in every 
instance rely upon receiving complete satisfaction. 

He has always resided in AUentown, and as a promo- 
ter of its indu-;trial advancement takes a leading posi- 
tion. Industrious and ingenious he is deserving of the 
success he has secured, and as a citizen is generally 
respected. 



J. L. FARR &C0., 

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Boots.Shoes 
and rubbkk.«, 739 and 741 hamilton street. 

Among the houses that deserve more than a passing 
notice in this work is the wholesale and retail Boot 
and Shoe establishment of J. L. Farr & Co. The house 
dates its origin with the year 1862. Mr. Farr, the senior 
of the firm, at that time being in business alone. The 
trade lias gradually grown larger, and in 1S71 the ad- 
joining store was secured, and the two connected. They 
now have a front of forty feet— No. 739 having a depth 
of ninety-five feet, and No. 741 of forty-eight. They are 
handsomely furnished with the conveniences for the 
shoe trade, and fitted throughout in the most excellent 
manner. It is the largest retail house in the city, and 
in connection with the wholesale department, repre- 
sents a stock of many thousands of dollars. The firm 
are manufacturers of custom work, employing eight to 
ten hands, and in the store have nine clerks. They 
carry a full line of Boots, Shoes and Rubbers, equalling 
the large houses of the metropolitan cities, embracing 
every kind and quality of ladies' .gentlemen's and child- 
ren's wear. 

Mr. J. L. Farr, the senior of the firm, was born in 
Montgomery county, but for twenty years has resided 
in AUentown. His partner, Mr. Nathan Hass, is a na- 
tive of Berks county. These gentlemen, in the manage- 
ment of their large business, are liberal and enterpris- 
ing, and arc to be congratulated in the success of the 
house which is an honor and credit to the city iu which 
it Is located. 



I ITV CARRIAGE WORK!?, 

CiiKisT, Petek it Co., Prop's,!?ot7th Hall Street, 
neak Hamilton, 

The City Carriage Works is one of the newest enter- 
prises in this line in AUentown, but it has rapidly at- 
tained popularity, and within its short existence pro- 
duced excellent work. The firni of Christ, Peter & Co. 
was organized in March, 1881, and occupy a new two- 
story building and a one-story adjoining. Being indus- 
trious, practical, and skillful workmen, their work has 
l)ecome known tliroughout the town and surrounding 
country and holds its own with the best that is turned 
out. They build mostly to order, making wagons of all 
kinds, from that intended for light driving to that suit- 
ed for farm work or heavy draught purposes. Of all 
kinds of repair work they make a specialty. 

They also give particular attention to sign and orna- 
mental painting, having for this department, as in the 
other, first-class workmen. The (inn employ nine hands. 

The individual members of the firm are Charles L. 
Christ, Albert P. Peter, George W. Fried and Samuel 
Frankfield, all nativesof AUentown and practical work- 
men. They arcexperts in wood and iron work, thorough- 
ly acquainted with all the mechanical details contin- 
gent upon wagon building, and are prepared to do first 
class work at the lowest prices. 

II. T. ROSE, 

Paper Box Manufactcrer,North Hall Street, 

Neak Hamilton. 
The manufacture of paper boxes, and its kindred in- 
dustry, the paper bag trade, both of which now form a. 
liartof the business of all cities, are of comi)aratively 
quite recent origin, dating back only thirty years. In 
the immense extension of trade and commerce into so 
many novel channels, a great number of things hither- 
to considered luxuries, have become absolute neces- 
saries, and men are apt to wonder how business could 
have been conducted without them. The only repre- 
sentative in this important industry iu AUentown is 
^Ir. II. T. Rose, who began the business in June, 18S0. 
He occupies a two-story frame building, and is posses- 
sed of all the necessary machinery and tools for rapidly 
producing paper boxes of all kinds, with the exception 
of the round box. He keeps employed six hands, and 
gives to the business his personal attention. 

He was born in Newark, New Jersey, but for twelve 
years has been a resident of AUentown. 



T. SCHADT, 

Dry Goods, Notions, Groceries, Etc., 165 Hajiil- 
ton Street. 

The enterprise and industry manifested in the pros- 
ecution of the dry goods and grocery business in AUen- 
town, is of a most marked nature, and the number of 
successful business concerns doing trade of this char- 
acter, substantiates the statement and tends to centre 
here a large trade from the surroupding iieigliborhood. 
One of the most popular and successful hou.ses in this 
line of goods, is that of T. Schadt. The inception of 
this enterpri.se dates back twelve years, when the pres- 
ent proprietor began the business upon a limited scale, 
and his patronage was commeusurately small. By close 
attention to business Mr. Schadt S'Xju increased the 
number of his patrons and the amount of his sales, and 
to-day does one of the safest business in that section 
of the city. The stock comprises a full line of Dry 
Goods, Notions, Groceries, etc., in quality and variety 
equals that of any other establishment. He employs 
six assistants, and is thoroughly acquainted with the 
demand of his trade. 

Mr. Schadt is a native of AUentown, and is a careful, 
practical business man, whoexcreises the best of judge- 
ment and discernment in the direction of his affairs. 



130 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



LEWIS D. KRAUSE, 

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Boots and 
Shoes, 80o Hamilton Street. 

This is one of the finest establishments in Allentown 
devoted to the Boot and Shoe business, and was started 
in 1870. The building occupied is of three-stories, 
■with a front of twenty feet and a depth of ninety feet, 
fitted throughout with all the convenience for doing a 
general wholesale and retail trade in Boots and Shoes. 
The first-floor is devoted to the retail department, and 
. this is handsomely carpeted and painted, giving it an at- 
tractive appearance, and sliowing the taste and enter- 
prise of its proprietor. He carries a more extensive 
stock than is common with large stores, embracing a full 
line of Ladies,Gentlemen's,Misses and Children's Shoes, 
and a very general variety of men's heavy Boots and 
Shoes for mill or farm wear. 

Upon the second floor is situated the wholesale depart- 
ment, where in the original packages is found an un- 
usually large assortment of Boots, Shoes, and Rubbers. 
This trade reaches throughout the surrounding coun- 
try and is rapidly becoming of more extended dimen- 
sions, the reputation of the houses and the class of 
goods being such as to inspire confidence among deal- 
ers. 

Mr. Krause was born in Lehigh county in 1842, and 
has spent nearly his entire business life in Allentown, 
where the success that his house has secured, bespeaks 
his ability as a business gentleman. 



C. F. HERRMANN, 

Musical Instruments, 102 South Seventh 

Street. 
One of the oldest and most reliable of the musical in- 
strument establishments in Allentown is that of Mr. C. 
F. Herrmann. This was started in 1861 by the present 
proprietor as an agency business, and has acquired a 
deserved standing in the community, being known 
throughout the city and surrounding country, as a very 
desirable place for purchasing musical instruments of 
any kind. Being an accomplished musician, at the 
head of his profession in the city— a knowledge ac- 
quired after many years of close application, he is ena- 
bled to make the best selections of instruments from 
the large variety of makes. Parties contemplating pur- 
chasing an instrument will find his judgment and ad- 
vice worthy of consideration. In the warerooms will 
always be found a stock from which to make selection, 
comprising a variety of styles, and including the best 
manufactured in the country. In addition to the busi- 
ness transacted in the sale of Music Instruction Books 
and Instruments, Mr. Herrmann devotes a portion of 
his time to teaching music, being highly profiicient. 
He is considered one of the finest professors in the city, 
and has in no small degree been instrumental in the 
development of the musical tastes of the community. 



B. F. WONDERLY, 

Undertaker, and Dealer in Undertakers' 
Supplies, 36 North Seventh Street. 
The business of an undertaker is a peculiar one, and 
requires attention that is not called for in other occu- 
pations, and a gentleman to successfully conduct it 
should be possessed of many characteristics not so es- 
sential in other branches of trade. The leading under- 
taker of Allentown is Mr. B. F. Wonderly , who is located 
at No. 36 North Seventh street, where he established 
the business in 1879. He has succeeded by assidious 
attention to the demands of the calling in securing a 
very large trade, and in the execution of the duties 
connected with his vocation, he exercises a care that 
stamps him as a proper person to perform them. Few 
persons so rapidly attain the confidence of the public, 



and fewer still who give to their calling more careful' 
and scrupulous attention. 

He deals extensively in undertakers' supplies and 
keeps in stock a full line of the goods necessary in the 
business, and makes a specialty of supplying the trade 
with the best in this line. 

Mr. Wonderly, under whose immediate supervision 
the business is conducted, is a prompt and reliable bus- 
iness man in every particular, and one in whom the ut- 
most confidence may be placed. 



KELLER & BROTHER, 

Jewelry, Watches, Diamonds and Silverware, 

737 Hamilton Street. 
The jewelry business in Allentown represents an im- 
mense capital, and the houses devoted to this branch 
of trade equal those of any city of its size in the State. 
The leading establishment, both in the character of its 
stock and general appearance, is that of Keller & Bro- 
ther. The store was established in 1865 by the present 
firm, and is now one of the most attractive in the city. 
A store room 22x45 feet in dimensions is stocked with a. 
full and complete line of everything pertaining to the 
trade, selected with an extraordinary degree of taste, 
and embracing articles of virtu and decoration in every 
sense unique, elegant and costly, which in detail, may 
be partly designated as Pine Watches and Clocks, both 
of American and the best Foreign manufacture ; Dia- 
monds, Silver, Plated Ware, Rings, Chains, etc., in fact, 
everything in the line that goes to make up the stock 
of a first-class jewelry establishment, fit for practical 
use, and for ornaments and presents suitable for every 
occasion. 

The firm employ five assistants, and make a specialty 
of repairing watches and jewelry, for which they pos- 
sess unusual facilities. Mr. E. Keller, the senior, is a 
practical watchmaker, and has a thorough knowledge 
of every branch of the jewelry business. Mr. S. S. Kel- 
ler, the Brother, is equally well acquainted with the 
trade. 



MRS. A. M. SLOUGH, M. D. 

Homoepathic Pharmacy, 845 Hamilton Street. 

The remarkable growth which during the last 
quarter of a century has attended the introduction of 
the Homoepathic practice marks an epoch in the his- 
tory of medical science which has no parallel, and gives 
rise to certain contingent professions of the utmost im- 
portance and utility. Of such the work of preparing 
in accordance with the rules adapted by the profession 
the medicines prescribed in this school, is one which 
requires not onlyaprofound knowledge of the remedies 
themselves, but a high degree of chemical ability in 
them exact attenuation and trituration. Engaged in 
this particular branch of the business is Mrs A. M. 
Slough. Here are prepared all medicines employed by 
the Homoeopathic school, and is now the central depot 
for this community, where the adherents of this system 
can obtain everything that the Materia Medica de- 
mands . 

Here is also the office of F. J. Slough, M. D., a gentle- 
man who has very successfully made Chronic Diseases 
and Diseases of Children a specialty. 

Mrs. Slough, the proprietress of the Pharmacy, is a 
native of Lehigh county, as is also the Doctor. In view 
of the advantages which Mrs. Slough can place at the 
disposal of her customers, and the extensive experience 
resulting from the practice and study of many years, it 
is not too much to say that tho.se who purchase the 
goods, medicines or preparations that originate from the 
Homoepathic Pharmacy may depend upon their purity 
and efficacy with the most implicit confidence. 



PvKSOURCES OF THE LVAUnji VAT,LEY. 



131 



ALLENTOWN IRON COMPANY, 

Manmkacti'rekof Pig Iron, Au.kntown. 

AmoiiKthe loading concerns engaged in the iron trade, 
is the Allentown Iron Company, whose extensive fur- 
naces and auxiliries are located on the Lehigh Valley 
Kailr()ad,iu the Western part of the city. When the iron 
interest was in its Infancy, and the many improvements 
that are now in use to facilitate its production had not 
i>een thouglit of, and if so were not perfected, the foun- 
dation for the present successful works were laid. In 
\M6 the firm of David 1). Wilson & Co. was organized 
and the erection of a furnace completed, which formed 
thei)lant from which the extensive worlis grew. In 
isr)l a Company was incorporated with the title of Al- 
lentowu Iron Company, tlie capital stock being $1,000, - 
01)0, which represents the stock at present. The Com- 
I (any now own fifty-iive acres of land, part of which, 
however, is farming land oa the outskirts of the city, 
the balance being occupied directly for the use of the 
works. The plant now consists of five furnaces, three 
•engine houses, containing engines of one hundred 
horse power each ; five boiler houses, with twenty boilers 
•of fifty-horse power each ; machine shop and foundry, 
with dimensions of 40x UK) feet. Throughout the various 
•departments there are employed two hundred hands, 
.and the weekly output of the furnaces is one thousand 
•tons of pig iron. The ores principally used are those 
known as the Lehigh and Berks county Hematite, and 
tlie New Jersey Magnetic or grey ore. Every facility 
and modern appliance has been from time to time ad- 
•ded to the works, until they are now one of the com- 
pletest in the Valley, and in point of production rank 
■as No. S. The whole interests of the Company in and 
about the works are entrusted to Mr. 8. B. Newmoyer, 
who fills the responsible position of superintendent. 
.He is a gentleman thoroughly respected by those over 
whom he is placed, at the same time trusted and 
esteemed by the officials of the company, whose inter- 
:'sts he carefully studios. 

The oflices of the Company are located at No. 230 
South Third street, aud the officials are : President, J. 
Loper Welsh, aud Secretary, H. Cabot, both of Philadel- 
phia. These gentlemen are thoroughly conversant 
with the iron trade of the Valley, and hold a high posi- 
•tion among the respected business mea of that city. 

£ENJ. F. HEIMBACH, 

M.VNUFACTURER OF BURIAL CaSKETS, AND DEALER 

TV ''N-nFRTvKi-Rs' Supplies, Corner Eighth and 

Hamilton Streets. 
A lu.,c ami lui)) niant business is carried on by Mr. 
IL'imbach in supplying all articles required by under- 
takers, aud who conducts a large trade derived from 
Alleutown and the adjoining districts. Every article 
necessary for their use he has in stock and includes 
Cloths aud Silk Robes, Gold, Silver and Plated Mount- 
ings, Handles, Plates, etc., and Coffins aud Metallic 
Caskets. A specialty is tlie supplying of Cloth Covered 
Burial (^askets, either plain or furnished with mount- 
.ings, of his own manufacture, of Walnut, Rosewood and 
other woods. He has been engaged in this business 
since 1859, and from his thorough knowledge of all its 
details and supplying such articles as meet the wants 
i)f tlie trade, has established a business wiiich has given 
liim prominence in this part of the State. He also at- 
tends to the duties of undertaking, furnishing all that 
is required. 

Mr. Helmbach was born in Allentown, wliere he has 
fthvays resided, and is popular as a businessman. In 
liis manufacturing licpartnirnt he omiiloys six hands, 
^vhilethe supply doparliuont. at ICighth and HamilKm 
stroets,is under his own siiporintoiulenco. 'I'iie business 
conducted by him is one rciiuiring care and attention, 
mid he lias carried it on in a manner tliat lias boon sat- 
.isfactory to all who have been dealing with him. 



A. M. BACIIMAN, 

Photographer, 629 Hamilton Street. 

Among tlie gentlemen in Allentown engaged in this 
business will be found Mr. A. M. Bachman, whose 
galleries wereestablishcl many years ago. The present 
l)roprietor succeeded to the business in 1880, and since 
he has assumed control the gallery has attained a 
greater degree of success in its productions and the 
number of patrons considerably increased. Mr. Bach- 
man brought to the enterprise many years' experience, 
and has secured during his short stay a very reliable 
reputation for proilucing a fine class of pictures. His 
work includes nearly everything knowu to the art, 
cither of indoor or outdoor. .V specialty made of views 
of buildings, etc., and it is the aim of the proprietor to 
give the utmost .satisfaction, and promptly execute all 
orders. Hisgallery is centrally located, the rooms well 
furnished throughout, and the operating department 
liUed with all the necessary appliances for successfully 
conducting the business. 

Mr. Bachmaa is a practical photographer, and era.- 
ploys in finishing the pictures two assistants. He is 
well and favorably known, and is rapidly securing a 
very generous share of the trade. 

B. OSWALD, 

Brush Manuf.vcturer, .342 North Fifth Street. 

In the manufacture of Brushfs, an article that is in 
use in some form in every dwelling and busine.ss house 
in the country, will be found Mr. B. Cswald, a gentle- 
man thoroughly understanding the details of making 
these goods. He established his enterprise in 1877, and 
has since carried it on very successfully, and now oc- 
cupies a good size aud well arranged two-story building 
in rear of 312 North Fifth street. He employs tw^elve 
hands, aud manufactures all kinds of Brushes, (except- 
ting those used for painting.) and annually produces 
about $8,000 worth. Having superior facilities for 
manufacturing these goods, he puts upon the market 
Brushes that are in quality equal to those of any other 
house, and his trade is such that the factory is kept 
running constantly to its full capacity. A traveling 
salesman represents the works upon the road, and the 
trade extends over a large circle of country. 

Mr. Oswald was born in Bavaria, Germany, but has 
spent the greater part of his life in this country, \vhere 
as a manufacturer of Brushes he has won an enviable 
reputation. 

JOHN LOSCH, 

Nurseryman, Lawrence Street. 

One of the most delightful occupations that man can 
engage in is that of the uur.serymau. In a community 
like Allentown and vicinity, where the private grounds 
of the prominent citizens are incroa-ing in the fruits 
and shrubbery that surround them, the enterprise is 
likely to meet with a liberal support, thus making 
the business an important factor in the general re- 
sources. The oldest nursery iu Allentown, and pro- 
bably the largest establishment in the Lehigh Valley, is 
that of Mr. Johu Losch, which was started in 1832 by 
the present proprietor, who has for a-half century con- 
ducted its affairs, and personally managed the details 
couiioctod therewith. He occupies an ample plot of 
ground on Lawrence street, composed of very rich and 
highly productive soil. This is stocked with trees of 
all kinds, of every description aud variety. Persons 
desirous of securing the beiiollt of the liist market, 
would do well to secure their plants of Mr. Loscli, who 
makes this department of his bu>iiK'ss a specialty. 
While not aiming to extensively culiivatc flowers, he 
has many beautiful and rare varieties, and is always 
ready to accommodate his patrons with them. 

Mr. Losch is one of the old residents of the town, and 
actively attends to the duties of his vocation. 



132 



RESOURCES OF THE LEIIRJH VATJ.EY. 



A. W. FISHER'S 

Hat and Bonnet Bi-eachery, 633 Hamilton 
Street. 

The i)revalence of the many styles of Ladies' Hats and 
Bonnets, and the radical changes tliat each season 
brings to these important portions of a ladies' attire, 
neci'ssitates in a community of tliis size such an en* 
(criirise as the head of this article denotes, by which 
they have an opportunity to resliape and bleach their 
old, hats, and still retain what becomes every lady, a 
fashionable head attire. The only industry of the kind 
in Allentowu is that of Mr. A. W. Fislier, who estab- 
lished the business in 1877, and now occupies the second 
tloor of the building at No. 633 Hamilton street. He 
gives employment to seven hands.besides practically de- 
voting liis entire time, and all are taxed to their ut- 
most ability during the busy season to meet the de- 
maiidsof the patrons. All the necessary machinery for 
the business is employed, and great care is exercised to 
produce work of the most superior merit. The success 
of the proprietor has clearly demonstrated that he is 
conducting an enterprise that is filling along felt want, 
and now bears evidence of growing to comsiderable pro- 
portions. 

Mr. Fisher is a native of Massachusetts, and came to 
Lehigh county four years ago. He is well calculated 
to manage au industry of this nature, as he has a prac- 
tical knowledge of its details. 



WASSER & HARING, 

Reaoy Made Clothing, 735 Hamilton Street. 

One of the representative hou.ses devoted to the 
Ready Made Clothing trade is that of Wasser & Hariug. 
This establishment has a permanent reputation with 
the people of the community, and it has been the tirms' 
aim during their continuance of the business to main- 
tain their credit by making no false statements in re- 
gard to their stAck and keeping the variety up to one 
standard of excellence. The store is ample in all its 
accommodations, having an area of 20x.50 feet, and till- 
ed to repletion with a \'ery desirable assortment of Men's 
Youths', Boys'aud Children's Clothing of the finest goods, 
made up from fashiunable patterns, and in the best pos- 
sible manner. Tlie Arm manufacture a large portion of 
their stock, the remainder being secured from the lead- 
ing manufactories of Eastern cities, with whom tliis 
house has had long acquaintance. 

Upon the shelves and counters will be found not only 
the most fashionable goods in this line, but the most 
durable, particular attention having been paid to the 
lining and trimmings, in placing upon them nothing 
that would not prove of serviceable wear. Few houses 
devoted to this trade have in stock so extended a varie- 
ty of goods, as are presented by this firm, who make 
ev3ry exertion to lead in their business. 

In connection with tlieir clothing trade the firm do 
an extensive business in making fine clothing to order, 
and have a carefully selected stock of piece goods, em- 
bracing the finest imported and domestic goods for 
men's wear. These are cut and made up in the most 
artistic manner by competent workmen. In this line 
their trade embraces much of the best class of the citi- 
zens of AUentown and viciuity. 

J. W. LEITH, 

Boots and Shoes, 603 Hamilton Street. 
In inspecting the various retail In (uses located on Al- 
lentown's principal thoroughfare, Hamilton street, one 
is particularly attracted to the handsome Boot and 
Shoe establishment of Mr. J. W. Leith, who has succeed- 
ed in securing a very large per cent, of the best trade 
of the city and surrounding country. It lias a 



double front, with spacious shovv windows, and in di- 
mensions is 20x60 feet. Within, it is fitted up in the 
most attractive. style, containingan unusually large stock 
of fine Boots and Slioes. Eujt)ying superior facilities 
for ptH'chasing his goods, he is enabled to place hit. 
stock at such piiccs as to practically defy eompetition. 
In ladies' and misses' shoes he displays an assortmcni 
that is of the best make, and such as at once recom- 
mends them to the trade. In all kinds of Shoes hi^ 
goods are unexcelled l)y any in the city, and the housi 
has secured one of the largest trades in the community 
Mr. Leith is a native of AUentown, and a public spirii 
ed citizen. He began the present busi'nessiu 1874, ani- 
has now an experience that pre-eminently fits him for 
the trade. 



WILLIAM G. RITTER, 

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Stoves 
Ranges, Tinware and House Fi-rnishini 
Goods, 831 Hamilton Street. 
The stove and tinware business of AUentown has a. 
number of first-class houses, prominent among then; 
being that of Mr. William G. Ritter. His store is situa- 
ted in the centre of the city, convenient for both town 
and county, and is in every respect desirable for the 
carrying on of his large business. He established the 
store about twenty years ago, at that time commanding 
a small capital, but having a firm determination to 
make his establishment rank among the leading houses 
in the city. In 18(i4, the demands of the increasing 
trade required more extensive quarters, and the change 
was made to the present stand, wiiich from lime to time- 
has been remodeled and enlarged, and it now makes a^ 
store room of twenty-two feet front and ninety deep. — 
The front of the store is devoted to the salesroom , where 
there is kept in stock a very fine and complete assort- 
ment of Stoves, Heaters, Ranges, and all kinds of House- 
Furnishing Goods. His stock of Stoves comprise the 
best make in the country, and few dealers in this com- 
munity control a larger or more desirable trade in these 
goods. In the rear, is situated the department devoted to- 
the manufacture of tin-ware, employing several hands, 
Mr. Ritter is a native of Bucks county, but for nearly- 
a quarter of a century has been a resident of AUentown, 
where by strict attention to business and promptness 
in all transactions, he has built up a large and success- 
ful trade. 



W. H. KNAUSS, 

Manufacturer of Boot, Shoe and Gaiter Up- 
pers, 706 Hamilton Street. 

The desire for the attainment of the highest excel- 
lence has divided the shoe bu.siuess into specialties, the 
class of manufacturers devoting themselves to boot, 
shoe and gaiter uppers, being entirely distinct from 
those who make boots and shoes entire. 

In 1876 Mr. W. H. Knauss began the manufacture of' 
these goods at No. 109 South Seventh street, where he 
remained until 1878, when he removed to the present 
desirable location where he occupies the second floor. 
His thorough knowledge of the leather trade soon drew 
around him a large business, and he now keeps con- 
stantly employed five hands, in the manufacture of 
Uppers, and "The Boss" Leather and Rubber Cement. 
He supplies many of the shoe stores with uppers for 
their custom trade, and his goods have a reputation for 
superiority second to no other establishment. 

Mr. Knauss was born in Lehigh county, and has been 
a citizen of AUentown the greater part of his life. He 
is an industrious business man, practically superintend- 
ing his manufactory, and has attained the leading trade; 
in his class of goods. 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VATJ>EY 



133 



J. C. FCEI-KER & PON, 

Vktkkinary Si'ROKONS, 119 South Seventh 
Strf.kt. 

The horee is an animal peculiarly susceptible to dis- 
ease. whU-h may be caused by a change of climate, 
change of feed or even water. Their feet, too, deserve 
special care, otherwise they are a source of constant 
anxiety to the experienced veterinary surgeon; but so 
little is this known or appreciated by many owners of 
horse stock, that small notice is often taken of the first 
symptoms of ailments, hence the few animijls that are 
found entirely free from some disease or blemish. This 
unsoundness is not always the result of inattention, for 
in many cases some incompetent practitioner, possess- 
ing a little knowledge, which is always dangerous, is 
called upon to give advice or render service in a case 
when a thorough kuouiedge of the anatomy of the 
horse is absolutely necessary before prescribing or ope- 
rating. The would-be horse doctor goes hap-hazard to 
work with his powders, or bottles of medicine, and be- 
fore he has completed his course of doctoring, the ruin 
of the animal has been so nearly completed that the 
•last efforts of the specially qualified veterinary surgeon 
can only ameliorate, without a chance of bringing the 
animal into a sound condition again. It is, therefore, 
the safest plan in all cases to call in the services of men 
who have been bred in the profession, who have passed 
through a regular course of experience, and are pos- 
sessed of a thorough and practical knowledge of the 
business. 

The city of Allentown has two gentlemen, Messrs. J. 
C. Fcelker & Son, who are well-known as standing in 
reputation and experience foremost in this part of the 
State among others in their profession, and who have 
business as veterinary surgeons extending over a large 
extent of country. The senior member of the firm lias 
been engaged in the business for more than a quarter 
of a century, and is probably more widely known as an 
experienced and reliable surgeon than any other party 
in Northeastern Pennsylvania. The son, Mr. S. J. 
Fielker, has also considerable experience, gained by a 
long apprenticeship under his father, and is a gradutae 
of the Ontario Veterinary College,' of Toronto. 

Many of their medicines aud prescriptions have a 
wide reputation all over this country, the greater part 
of them being very valuable and highly prized. Messrs. 
C. F. Fa-lker & .^on have established a tine reputation 
as practically experienced Veterinary Surgeons, and 
maintaining the first establishment of its kind in the 
Valley. 

HENRY COLT, 

Coal, Wood, Grain, Flour, Feed, Hay and 
Straw, No. 14 Linden Street, Corner Front. 
This gentleman established himself in this business 
in April, 1881, occupying very extensive yards and she 1- 
ding at the corner of Linden aud Front streets. A sid- 
ing from the Lehigh Valley Railroad runs into the 
yard, and a wharf on the Lehigh Canal, gives very excel- 
lent facilities for the receipt of coal. Independent of 
the Coa.1 and \V ),xl bu-:iness, Mr. Cjlt keeps a full line 
of the various brands of Flour, as well as Feed, (Jrain 
and Hay, in a cpuuiiity to meet all orders. His aui|)le 
storehouse enables him to compete with any dealer, and 
his patronage is rapitlly exteudingamong the best class 
of the town. 

Mr. Colt is a native of the Wyoming Valley, having 
been born in Wilkesbarre, I'a., but for a numlier of 
years has been a resident cd' Allentown, engaged as a 
civil engineer, land surveyor aud real estate agent, 
which branches of business he still follows. He is a 
geulleman favorably known by a large circle of ac- 
(|uainlances. 



DAXIKL WEIU:K, 

Far.minu I.mhi.ewen'ts, 1111 H\mit.tos Street. 

Being the county seat of Lehigh County, and the 
geograpical centre of a rich and prosperous producing 
country, trade for Agricultural Implements naturally 
tends towards Allentown, and this has been the incen- 
tive for the establishineut of several houses dealing ex- 
tensively in the.se goods, among the number being Mr. 
Daniel Weber. He has been engaged in this bu.siness 
for a number of years, and in the Fall of 1880 removed 
in the present desirable and convenient location. He 
occupies a large warehou.se and shedding, in which he 
carries an extensive stock of implements of all kinds. 

He is the agent for the well known Champion Mow- 
er and Reaper, that has an enviable reputaiion through- 
out the whole country, and wherever used take the 
lead among other machines. Independent of this 
agency, he controls the sale of a number of other im- 
plements, including Horse-Powers and Threshers, Fan 
Mills, Cultivators. Ph.ws, Harrows, Grain Drills, Bin>l- 
ers, etc., and has always iu .stock a large assortment. 
The large trade connected with the house enables Mr. 
Weber to obtain special rates from the manufacturers, 
and he sells at low figures. 

•Mr. Weber is a well known citizen of Lehigh county. 
In the business in which he is now engaged, he ha.s an 
extended experience, and by fair dealing and prompt- 
ness has won a permanent reputation among the farm- 
ers of the surrounding country. 



DR. R. D. FATZl.N<il!:R, 

Surgeon Dfnti.st, 709 Hamilton Street. 

Prominent among the professional men of Allentown 
will be found Dr. R. D. Fatzinger, Surgeon Dentist.— 
This geutleraan commenced the practice of Dentistry 
ill lS(i], and for sixteen years has been engaged at the 
present location. His office is furnished with every 
mechanical appliance that will iu any manner aid 
in the painless extraction of teeth, and in connec- 
tion with the recognized skill of the Doctor, has won 
for him an enviable reputation as a dentist. He also 
niiuiufaetures teeth, placing them upon any of the 
metal or preparations in common use for sets, and 
guarantees the utmo.st satisfaction. 

Dr. Fatzinger was b.jru in Hanover township, Lehigh 
county, and is widely known as a thorough and relia- 
ble Dentist. His patrons include many of the best 
fiuiiilesof Allentown, and he is very generally re.spect- 
ed as a pleasant and affable gentleman. 

F. H. STELTZ, 

Boots and Shoes, U North Seventh Street. 

Among the establishments in this line otl'of the main 
thoroughfare, will be found that of Mr. P. H. Steltz. 
He has been in business since IST.'i, and now commands 
a trade that is already large and upon the increase. 
His store contains a large .stock, including a full line of 
gentlemen's coarse and fine Boots aud Shoes of all kinds ; 
boys', youthls and children's Boots, Congress and Button 
Gaiters; women's, misses' and children's Lace and 
Rutton Sho«s, Slippers, Rubbers and Arctics, etc. A 
full variety of plain and fancy goods usually carried by 
the trade in best and medium qualities only. 

Iu connection with the esUiblishmeiit there is a fine 
custom trade that gives employment to three first-chiss 
workmen, who produce some of the finest work in the 
city. 

Mr. Steltz is a practical man in the business, and 
makes the supplying of these goods a study, making it 
his aim to furnish only the best qunlity of goods for the 
money. 



1S4 



^SOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



W. M. BECK, 

Wall Paper and Fine Art Hangings, 40 North 
Seventh Street. 

Never before in the history of our country has there 
Vieen so much atteutiou devoted to the subject of deco- 
riitive art for the beautifying of our homes. Artists of 
acknowledged ability are employed in furnishing ele- 
gant and attractive designs and manufacturers are put- 
ting forth every energy and resnurce to excell in this 
important and useful department of industry. 

Allentowu is the location of an establishment devo- 
ted to the sale of Wall Paper and Artistic decoration that 
would do credit to the metropolitan cities, and as a 
headquarters for fine goods and fine work, is an honor 
to its proprietor. We have reference to the handsome 
establishment of Mr. W. M. Beck.at No. 40 North Seventh 
Street. 

This enterprise was started here in March, 1881, though 
the proprietor had since 1875 been engaged in the same 
business in Bethlehem, where he still has a handsome 
store at No. 12 Broad Street. 

The AUentown house is a large and elegant establish- 
ment, with a desirable front, 80 feet deep, and well 
adapted for the display of his stock. A specialty is 
inade of fine goods, and an extensive assortment Is 
always in stock. Mr. Beck employs no workmen but 
those who are arti.sts in their line, and is prepared to 
■decorate by contract any class of work assuming all 
trouble and responsibility, and being a practical deco- 
rator himself is prepared to guarantee satisfaction in 
all work done under his supervision. 

His stock embraces all grades and styles of goods, se- 
lected with great care from the best manufacturers, 
and includes the most elegant designs in English, Ja- 
panese, Tapestry and Brocade Hangings, in an endless 
variety of handsome colorings with Dados, Fringes, etc., 
to match. The establishment is a credit to the taste of 
the enterprising proprietor and an honor to the city. 



HENRY BITTING, 

Hats, Caps, Furs, Etc., 703 Hamilton Street. 

A leader in the Hat and Cap trade is Mr. Henry Bit- 
ting, who has a large and convenient store, sixty-five 
feet deep. He opened this business about twenty-two 
years ago, and for thirteen years has been located at the 
present stand. During this long period he has built up 
a trade that places him among the representative houses 
of this county, a position he has maintained for many 
years. 

His stock of Hats, Caps and Straw Goods embraces 
every style and quality in men's and boys' wear, at 
prices that defy competition, and invite inspection. 
His long experience enables him to purclia'~e his stock 
of the leading manufacturers, as well as to provide for 
his patrons the finest and choicest goods produced. In 
Trunks. Valises, Traveling Bags, Ladies' Satchels, and 
I'rabrellas, his variety comprises the best. During the 
season he makes a specialty of Furs, which includes the 
many fashionable styles and qualities. 

Mr. Bitting is a native of Saucon township, Lehigh 
county, but for the greater part of his life has been a 
resident of AUentown. 



ABNER H. WIND, 

Merchant Tailor, 815 Hamilton Street. 
Prominent among the houses of AUentown devoted to 
this branch of business, none enjoy a higher reputation 
than Mr. Abner H. Wind. He established his business 
in 1869, and now occupies a large double front store 
w'ith a depth of seventy-five feet, making it one of the 
most convenient merchant tailoring houses in the city. 
He carries in stock a full line of fine Cassimers, Cloths. 



and all foreign and domestic goods, and malces a spe- 
cialty of this department of his business. Sure fits and 
perfect satisfaction is always guaranteed, and his trade 
comprises a considerable part of the first gentlemen of 
the town. Seven hands are employed, and the cutting 
is under the direct control of his son, John P. Wind, 
whose ability as a cutter is well established. A line of 
Gents' Furnishing Goods, Umbrellas, etc., are displayed, 
and the character of the whole stock is one of sui>e- 
riority. 

Mr. Wind is a native of AUentown, and one of its 
mo.st active citizens. The business consumes his entire 
attention, and his success is due to giving his patrons 
the best at the most favorable terms. 



E. W. NAGLE, 

Wholesale Dealer in Leaf and Manufactured 
Tobacco, 219 Hamilton Street. 

To handle with a living profit the various brands of 
Cigars or Leaf and Manufactured Tobacco in these days 
of competition, requires an experienced and sharp eye 
for bargains. Failing in these requisites, the dealer's 
customers must sufl^er either in prices or quality of 
goods, and, therefore, it is safest to purchase only where 
the firm is known, and has a standing reputation. 

Among those rated A 1 in this respect is Mr. E. W. 
Nagle,who conducts a wholesale business in Leaf and 
Manufactured Tobacco, and the manufacture of Cigars. 
In the latter department he employs several hands, and 
makes a specialty of manufacturing "Nagle's Best," 
and "Nagle's Own," brands, which through their excel- 
lent quality have attained an extended sale. He car- 
ries a fine assortment of Havana and Seed Leaf Tobacco, 
and all manufactured goods, such as Smoking and 
Chewing Tobacco. 

Independent of the Tobacco business, and in another 
building, Mr. Nagle manufactures Confectionery of all 
kinds, employing in the enterprise three hands and 
producing all kinds of plain candies. 

Mr. Nagle is a native of AUentown, and has been en- 
gaged in the present business since 1875, and from a 
comparaiively small beginning has built up a flourish- 
ing and lucrative trade. 



WALTER LOSCH, 

Marble and Granite Works, Seventh and Lin- 
den Streets. 

The marble yard and works of Mr. Walter Losch are 
among the largest and most important in this city, and 
he enjoys the patronage of a large extent of country. 
Mr. Losch makes a specialty of fine cemetery work and 
has turned out some of the most beautiful, artistic and 
graceful designs in this entire section. He also furnishes 
marble for building purposes. The yard is desirably 
situated, and is convenient in every respect for the 
transaction of his large business. The ground occupied 
is 45 by 115 feet in dimensions, upon which are his 
buildings, 16 by 50, and 22 by 27 feet. He employs eight 
hands, all of whom are skilled. 

Mr. Losch is a thorough artist in his profession and 
makes a specialty of designing monuments to order, 
and has gained a substantial reputation for the high 
character of his productions. Many evidences of his 
handiwork can be seen in the cemeteries in the vicinity 
of AUentown and over all of northern and eastern 
Pennsylvania and als ) in the many new buildings 
and dwellings that have been erected here since he es- 
tablished the business in 1867. 

He is a native of AUentown, where he was born in 
1846. He is an enterprising, active business man and 
as a private citizen is highly esteemed. 



KKSOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



135 



G. C. ASCHRAf'H ct CO., 

Importek.s and Dkaleus in Musical Instru- 
ments, 583 Hamilton Street. 
Kstablishcd in 1876, this Arm have built up a large 
trade aud are the proprietors of the " model music 
store of the Lehigh Valley." The store and warerooms 
occ'upy a conspicuous site, it being 22 by 75 feet in di- 
■mensious, aud fitted up and equipped in a style commen- 
surate with the character aud trausactions of the firm. 
Their establishment is arranged in the most systematic 
manner for the orderly prosecution of the trade, aud is 
divided into three chief departments. The first com- 
prising Sheet Music, Musical Publications and Music 
Boeks; the second. Imported Musical Instruments, such 
as a full line of Band and Orchestral Instruments, man- 
ufactured by the most celebrated German and French 
makes; Cornets, Clarionets, Piccolos, Fifes, Flutes, etc. 
Violins and Stringed Instruments of all kinds will also 
be found in this department, besides Accordeous, Con- 
certinas, Mouth Organs, Harmonicas and staple goods 
of like character. The Piano and Organ department is 
of course the most important, and contains at all times 
a stock of these instruments, representing the best man- 
ufactures known. They are sole agents in this com- 
munity for Mason & Hamlin, Taylor & Farley, Loring 
<t Blake, Sterling and New Haven Organs, and for the 
■celebrated Orguinette. 

Mr. Gerhard C. Aschbach is a nativi of Allentown, 
and a young gentleman thoroughly understanding the 
music trade. Mr. Waldermer Grassman, the partner, 
was born in Germany, and has been a resident of Al- 
lentown for many years. In the various departments 
.they employ several assistants, and personally give to 
the enterprise their undivided attention. The manner 
in which the house conducts its business, is such as to 
•enable those in the most moderate circumstances to 
■enjoy the advantages of the best Musical Instruments, 
•ou a plan which involves small periodical payments. 
Any commendation of the firm at our hands would be 
superfluous, but we feel at liberty to say in conclusion 
that those who effect tran.sactions with this concern 
will derive advantages that cannot be readily accorded 
•elsewhere. 



•CHARLES C. KLUMP, 

Wholesale and Retail Druggist, 537 Hamilton 
Street, 

The oldest store in this department of trade in the 
•city, is that of Mr. Charles C. Klump. It was es- 
tablished in 1820 by his grandfather who conducted 
it for many years alone, and the sou, (father of 
>the present proprietor), was associated with him, for 
some time. After passing through other hands, all, 
however, in the family, it came into the sole pro- 
prietorship of C. C. Klump in 1875, and he has since 
managed it in a most successful manner. 

M. Klump carries a large line of new goods in pure 
Drugs, Chemicals, Brushes, Toilet Articles, Perfumes, 
etc., making his stock not only complete in every par- 
ticular, but of a character such as to invite the atten- 
tion of the trade, and especially of the medical fraterni- 
ty, who may here procure reqni>ite supplies in every 
department of materia mcdica, aud of such reliability 
and purity as to meet v/ith indorsement in every in- 
stance. He conducts both a wholesale and retail bus- 
iness, and enjoys a very large trade. Particular alten- 
t ion is given to the prescription department, they being 
compounded with the greatest care to in-^ure perfect 
accuracy. Three assistants are employed, and at va- 
rious periods this number is augmented by others. 

Mr. Klump was born in Allentown in 1848, and is 
one of the most respected citizens of the towu. 



SHIMER & LAUB, 

Wholi^:sale and Retail Dealers in Carpetings, 
etc., 632Hamilto.n Street. 

The carpet trade is well represented in Allentown, 
the leading hotise being that of Shimer & Laub. This 
house was established in 1872, and in the year follow- 
ing the present proprietors succeeded to the business, 
and have since conducted it very successfully. The 
store is desirably located, directly in the centre of the 
business community, convenient in all its appointments, 
and in dimensions is twenty by seventy feet. The floor 
space gives ample opportunity for the display of their 
carpets, and the abundance of light that is admitted 
makes the inspection of their stock a most satisfactory 
one. They carry a very extensive assortment of Car- 
petings of all kinds, including Brussels, Axminster, In- 
grain, Threc-Ply and the more common grades, at prices 
that invite the trade. A large variety of patterns of 
Oil Cloths and Window Shades will also be found. The 
business is both wholesale and retail, and it is the 
largest house in Allentown engaged in this trade. 

The members of the firm are Messrs. Hiram S. Shimer 
and Owen H. Laub, gentlemen well and favorably 
known to the community. As businessmen they oc- 
cupy a representative position, their store being the 
centre of a trade that extends many miles beyond the 
limits of this city. 

LADENSLAGER & BABB, 

Manufacturers of Wood-Seat Chairs, Maple 
Alley, Above Hall Street. 

The manufacture of chairs of various kinds is a much 
larger industry and gives employment to more men in 
AUentown than is generally knowu. This industry is 
one of the latest to take a prominent position in our 
midst, and it is destined to grow to much greater pro- 
portions than it has yet assumed. Among those who 
have recently entered into the business is the firm of 
Ladenslager & Babb, who established themselves in 
1876. Being practical workmen, and thoroughly under- 
standing the enterprise in which they had embarked, 
they soon secured a fair proportion of the trade. They 
manufacture all kinds of Wood-Seat Chairs, in the most 
workmanlike manner, and guarantee all produced at 
their establishment to be equal to any in the market. 
They also give their attention to repairing, and execute 
all orders rapidly and in a satisfactory manner. 

The individual members of the firm are Henry Laden- 
slager and William F. Babb, both natives of Allentown, 
aud active and industrious men. 



ALLENTOWN POTTERY, 

Charles Bach, Prop., Penn Street, Between 
Fourth and Fifth. 

In 1869 Mr. Charles Bach established the pottery busi- 
ness in Allentown, and during the twelve years that 
have since elapsed has built up a very desirable trade. 
His pottery is located ou Penn street, between Fourth 
and Fifth, near Gordon, and is convenient lor manu- 
facturing all kinds of Earthenware. He manufactures 
Flower Pots from two inches in depth to fifteen inches, 
and a full variety of Hauging Baskets, Vases, Milk Pots, 
Spittoons, Jars, Cake .Moulds, Pie Plates, Jugs, etc. His 
son assists in the practical dei>artment, and as both 
thoroughly understand the manufacture of Earthen- 
ware, their produciion find ready sale, and the business 
equals the capacity of the pottery. A specialty is made 
of ornamental work, they manufacturing many hand- 
some designs of Hanging Baskets, Vases, etc. 

Persons desiring any of the above articles would do 
well to call at the Allentown Pottery, and inspect the 
stock that is there to be found. 



136 



RESOURCES OF THE I.EIIKJTI VALLEY. 



E. S. SHIMER, 

Carpets, Window Shades, Etc., 607 Hamilton 
Streict, 

Few liousfs possess a finer location for their business 
than that occupied by Mr. E. S. Shimer, it being situated 
immediately in the centre of the mercantile trade of the 
city. The salesroom is a handsome one, sixteen by 
eighty-three feet in dimensions, and in every respect 
adapted for the carpet bmlness. Here is carried one of 
the best stocks to be found in any city in the 
Valley, comprising a full line and variety of goods 
and embracing the many new and attractive patterns 
that are each season being brought into the market. — 
In Brussels, Mr. Shimer makes every effort to keep the 
department up to a standard of superiority having in 
stock a complete assortment of the styles, that are now 
of the prevailing demand, while the other grades such 
as Ingrain and Three-ply, are represented by many 
handsome patterns and substantial makes. His carpets 
are all purchased at bottom prices, and of the leading 
wholesale houses and manufactories of the country, and 
represent the very best in the market. He also carries 
a large and choice variety of window shades, and is 
ever ready to display these goods or carpets for the in- 
spection of those who favor the house with a call. 

Mr. Shimer is one of Allentown's most prominent citi- 
zens, and is identified with every movement for the 
success and improvement of the city. For twenty-eight 
years he was in the dry goods and carpet business at 
No. 705 and 707 Hamilton street, but in February, 1880, 
relinquished it and established the present store. 

SHAFER'S NEW BIBLE HOUSE, 

J. Alfred Shafer, Prop., 134 North Seventh 
Street. 

Establishments of this kind, well stocked with the 
latest publications, are not confined to the great cities, 
hut will be found in every city and town, thus evidenc- 
ing the intelligenee of the community and at the same 
time furnishing the rising generation with facilities for 
extending their store of knowledge. 

One of the leading stores in AUentown in this depart- 
ment of trade, and one that has a reputation peculiarly 
its own, is that known as Shafer's New Bible House. 
He occupies a de.sirable store, and carries an extensive 
stock of Bibles and Testaments, of which goods he 
makes a specialty, and also carries a complete line of 
Miscellaneous Books, Albums, Stationery, etc. No 
establishment in the city has any finer variety or a 
Stock more extended in its subjects. 

He deals extensively in the latest standard works, 
many of those which he sells with his own imprint 
upon them, and in many respects much improved by 
handsome binding that is placed on them by his direc- 
tion. Persons desirous of securing Standard and Mis- 
cellaneous Books, will find at this house a variety 
■worthy their attention. 

Mr. Shafer is a native of AUentown, and not only 
thoroughly understands the book trade, but has done 
much to promote the circulation of useful and bene- 
ficial reading in this community. 

His establishment presents a scene of busy activity, 
and the proprietor is fast pushing his way to the very 
front rank in the business. 



THE WHITE SEWING MACHINE, 

H. Kresge, Agent, 623 Hamilton Street. 
No invention that has sprung from man's ingenuity 
has been of such general use as that of the sewing ma- 
chine. It has not only completely revolutionized the 
home circle, but has been brought largely into service 
in the manufacture of many goods, thereby lessening 



labor and cheapening those articles made by the 
needle. 

Among the many machines now in the market, that 
known as "The Wliite" has rapidly gained favor, and 
is recognized as possessing a niunber of improvements 
not embraced in any other. 

The White Sewing Machine claims many advantages 
over all competitors, among others every moving part 
is case-hardened and adjustable, and if any piece proves 
defective within five years it will be replaced free of 
cost. Again it is claimed to be so simple in construction 
that little instruction is required to become proficient 
in its use, and its upper tension is so easily controlled 
that after being once regulated it is automatic, requir- 
ing no change of any kind for ordinary family work. 
It is also light-running and nearly noiseless, and is 
adapted to any kind of sewing, from the lightest mus- 
lin or silk, to the heaviest woolen or cotton goods,, 
features which are very much in its favor in the selec- 
tion of a sewing machine. An Important consideration 
that the White Company places upon their machine is 
the guarantee which warrants the natural wear and 
tear of the White Sewing Machine for family purposes 
for the term of five years. Of course, this excepts the 
breakage of needles, bobbins and shuttles. The price of 
the White ranges from $30 to $85, the last for the full 
cabinet case. 

The agency is situated at No. 623 Hamilton street, and 
is under the control of W. F. Kengolt, Mr. Kresge being 
the general agent. This agency was established in the 
spring of 1S81, and within the short time has become 
extremely popular throughout the surrounding county, 
and many of the machines are in use in this territory. 
These two gentlemen are courteous and polite, and well 
adapted for the management of an enterprise of this- 
kind. 



CONSTANT F. LOSCH, 

Freight Deliver V and Liverv and Boarding 
Stables, 117 North Church Street. 
Any enterprise that is well managed is sure of success, 
hence it is found that since Mr. Constant K. Losch es- 
tablished himself in the Freight Delivery and Livery 
business in 1872, he has been successful in his efforts- 
in catering to the wants of the public. All along he 
has shown a complete and thorough knowledge of what 
was required, a taste in his outfits, and a careful super- 
vision of every detail in the several departments and 
necessary equipments, that has given his establish- 
ment a name second to none in the city. His stables 
stands on North Church Street, and is a substantial two- 
story brick building, sixty by seventy feet in dimen- 
sions, and well fitted up with superior stalls and other 
facilities for tlie comfort and convenience of the busi- 
ness. He has twenty head of horses, and possesses a. 
a full stock of (Joaches, Buggies, Phaetons, Cutters, 
Harness, Robes, etc., of elegant style and finish and of 
the very best manufacture, special care being taken 
that everything turned out from the establishment is- 
supplied with every requisite for comfort and safety 

A specialty of Mr. Losch's business is the Freight 
Delivery Department, in which there are engaged lour 
wagons. This is a very important feature in the suc- 
cessful transaction of business and among his patrons 
are numbered the leading business men of AUentown, 
who find tliat their goods are handled promptly, satis- 
factorily and carefully by him. Six men are employ- 
ed in connection with the business, over whom Mr. 
Losch exercises a vigilant supervision, as he does over 
the general work and management. He has built up a 
large trade, both in the Freight Delivery and Livery bus- 
iness, and liis attention to the wants of liis patrons is* 
making him many friends. 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



137 



Q. P. HARTMAN, 

Agent Fok Skwinr Machine, s 816 ITajih.ton 
Street. 

Among the popular sewing iimL-liiueSjiioiieliolilsa bet- 
ter reputation among those who are afquuinted with 
itsmeritsthau the Americau.ofwhieh Mr.G. P.IIartman 
is A^ent for AUentown and vicinity. This machine 
is noted for its durability, simplicity, freedom from 
combinations liable to disairrangmcnt, and its light 
running qualities. These machines are fully described 
in elaborate catalogues issued by the Company. While 
Mr. Ilartmau makes a specialty of the American, he 
supplies any other make of machines in the market, if 
desired. lie is a thorough, practical mechanic, and 
those trading with him have all assurance that their 
machine will always be kept in fine running order. 

Mr. Hartman began this business about two years ago, 
and from an intimate knowledge of all the prominent 
machines in the market is well fitted to give his patrons 
.satisfaction. He is a gentleman of push and enterprise 
and thoroughly reliable. 



CHRISTOPHER KAEPPEL, 

Steam Dying and Cleaning, 539 Union Street. 

The leading dying and cleansing establishment in 
AUentown is that of Mr. Christopher Kaeppel, whose 
place of business is located at No. 539 Union Street, 
where it was opened six years ago. For many years 
previous he was engaged in similar business at Scran- 
ton, and removed thence to this city in 1875, where he 
has by careful attention to business, secured a very de- 
.sirable trade. His building is fitted up with every ajj- 
pliauce for executing any order at the shortest notice 
and with the utmost satisfaction. He makes a specialty 
of dying and cleaning Silk and Woolen Shawls, 
Dresses, Veils, Ribbons, Feathers, etc., and in their 
manipulation using the best dyes and the greatest care 
to produce colors as substantial and beautiful as the orig- 
inal. Gentlemens' clothing he dyes and cleans with- 
out ripping, and pos.sessing a long practical experience 
in the handling of these particular goods, he is enabled 
to make them look as well as when new. Sheep skins 
tanned and colored in every shade, also wool and cot- 
ton yarn for manufacturing in every color or quality 
Having a large trade ho is better able to promptly ex- 
ecute his orders than those doing a very small busi- 
ness, and persons bestowing their patronage upon this 
establishment will be guaranteed satisfaction. 

Mr. Kaeppel is an industrious and energetic man, and 
personally supervises the details of his business. 

LEHIGH VALLEY FILE WOKICS, 

L. KiLiAN & Co., Pkop'k, 338 North Fifth .Street. 
Few people are aware of the extreme care that is ne- 
cessary to use in the manufacture of Files, they requir- 
ing the most perfect tempering, neither too much or tor) 
little, but a uniformity that is a sure test of the ability 
of the manufacture r<. The leading enterprise in the 
manufacture of these articles in AUentown. is the 
I^ehigh Valley File Works, L. Kilian & Co.. proprietors. 
It is also the oldest, having been established in 18r>-"i, 
immediately after the close of the war, the present pro- 
prietor starting the enterprise after his discliarge ftoin 
the army, in which he had served during four years. 
He occupies an ample shop in the rear of his residence, 
which is fitted up with the necessary requirements and 
tools for the manufacture of these goods. His files com- 
prise all the kinds in use, and are cut in the most care- 
ful manner by hand, which give them a grea.er value 
than the machine made, they lasting a longer time and 
doing better work. Thoroughly understanding the 
business, which he has secured by twenty years active 
experience, he produces a file llnit has no superior in 



the market and commands a sale as fa.stas produced. 
He manufactures files for the leading iron companies 
in the Valley, notably, the Bethlehem Iron Company, 
AUentown Rolling Mill Company, and Thomas Iron 
Company, and this fact, if no other, is a guarantee of 
their superiority. 

Mr. Killian learned the trade in Philadelphia in the 
most thorougli manner, and upon its completion re- 
moved to this city, where he established the present 
enterprise. During busy seasons he employs two hands 
and annually manufactures a large number of these 
useful articles, which find a market throughout the en- 
tire State. 

EAGLE DRUG STORE, 

AUGU.STUS Weber, Proprietor, 617 Hamilton 

Street. 

The drug store of Mr. Augustus Weber possesses every 
convenience and requisite that goes to make it one of 
the first of its class in the city. The proprietor is a prac- 
lical ilruggist, keeping only tlie most reliable chemicals 
and the l)est and purest of drugs. The store was estab- 
lished about thirty years ago, and for six years has been 
located at the present desirable stand, where there is & 
full and complete stock of everything requisite, and 
the interior fittings and fixtures are all of a character 
whicli reflects the greatest credit upon the taste of the 
proprietor. 

The store has a d'-'uble front, with a depth of fifty 
feet, and the genendb '--iness may be .said to be divided 
into three departmeiu.-, wholesale, retail and the com- 
pounding of prescriptions, all of which are under the- 
direct persimal management of the proprietor. In ad- 
dition to Drugs and Chemicals, Mr. Weber also carries 
an extensive stock of Fancy Toilet Articles, comprising 
Brushes of all kinds. Medicated Soaps, and a full line of 
I'ologne and Extract Perfumes. In the.se specialties 
the house does both a wholesale and retail trade, 
and druggists and others will find that the goods are 
reliable and pure. 

The prescription department is managed with that 
scrupulous care that has made it universally popular 
with the citizens of the community. 

Mr. Welier is a native of Germany, and came to this 
ciiuntry when about eighteen years of age, and is now 
legarded with that estimation rightfully due to a busi- 
ness policy founded upon the strictest integrity and the 
higliest standard of professional accomplishment. 

II. L. MILLER, 

AirrisT IN PiioTOGKAPUY, 637 Hamilton Street. 

This branch of trade has many radical changes 
within the past few years, and it has now reached a de- 
gree of perfection that entitles it to marked consider- 
ation. .\mong the gentlemen engaged in this business 
in AUentown is Mr. H. L. Miller, whose photographic 
rooms are located on the second floor of the building at 
No. 637 Hamilton street. Although he opened his gal- 
lery at the present location in April, 1880, he is the pos- 
ses.sorof an experience that extends over many years, 
and is, therefore, well qualified to meet the denian<ls 
for all kinds of work. His galleries are furnished with 
every modern appliance for the successful prosecution 
of photography in every branch, particularly for the 
many new styles that are now so attractive. His pic- 
tures are of recognized merit, and Imving the happy 
faculty of producing good effects. 

Ladies visiting his galleries receive the politest at- 
tention, and very rarely fail of being satisfieil in getting 
Tirst-class work. 

Mr. Miller is a gentleman esteemed and respected by 
all, and fast winning a very large list of patrons. Hav- 
ing a thorough knowleilge of the business, he is able to- 
execute the finest work in the most satisfactory man- 
ner. 



138 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



LEHIGH IRON WORKS, 
Allentown. 

The first indication of substantial industry that 
•catches the eye of the traveler on the approach to Al- 
lentown from the East, is the furnace of the "Lehigh 
Iron Worlcs," located near the junction of the Lcliigh 
Valley and E. P. R. R's. The works consist of two fur- 
naces. No. 1 being erected in 1868, and No. 2 in 1872. The 
former has a stack fifty-five feet high, with sixteen feet 
bosh and an engine of forty-eight inch cylinder and 
seven feet stroke ; while No. 2 has a stack sixty feet 
high, with seventeen feet bosh, and an engine of fifty- 
four inch cylinder and seven foot stroke. The ores used 
are the Berks and Lehigh county Hematite and New 
Jersey Blue Magnetic. The annual output aggregates 
22,000 tons of metal, the product being designed for 
foundry work, and the trade being with the leading 
liardware and stove works in the United States. In the 
furnaces proper, a force of one hundred men are em- 
ployed, while at the lime quarries adjacent to the 
works a force of from twenty-five to forty men are con- 
tinually getting out this necessary adjunct to iron man- 
ufacture. For the rapid production of iron these 
works possess unsurpassed facilities, as within the 
borders of Lehigh and Berks counties they have in 
operation ten mines, employing a force of from two 
hundred to three hundred men engaged in getting out 
the ore for shipment to the furnaces. 

This is rendered easy by the splendid railroad facil- 
ities enjoyed and the outlet from the furnaces by the 
Lehigh Valley Railroad, enables them to promptly 
ship all the perfected product of the work and avoid 
overcrowding, or the accumulation of stock. The bear- 
ing of these works with others of similar nature upon 
the thrift of the people and the welfare of the commu- 
nity is very marked, as it necessitates in its successful 
oi)eration the outlay of large sums annually in wages. 

The President and Treasurer of the enterprise is Mr. 
\Vm. H. Ainey, who is also President of the Second 
National Bank of Allentown. He is a native of Sus- 
quehanna county, and was born in 1846. For twenty- 
seven years he has been a resident of Lehigh county. 
He is by profession a lawyer, but eighteen years ago 
abandoned its practice and applied himself to the bus- 
iness which stands to-day as a monument to his man- 
agement and sagacity. 

The Secretary and Manager of tha works is Mr. Har- 
rison Bortz, a native of Lehigh county, and a practical 
man in iron manufacture. Upon him devolves the 
general oversight of the production , and much of the 
success attending its operations is due to his attentive 
and careful manipulation of details. 



ALBRIGHT'S FREIGHT DELIVERY, 

And Livery Stable, L4.W Steeet, Noeth of 
Hamilton. 

Among the many livery establishments in Allentown 
that of Albright & Bro. deserves special mention in this 
work as being one in every way a representative of the 
best class of such establishments. Their stables on Law 
street. North of Hamilton, are complete in every way, 
and are arranged in a manner that aflbrds the greatest 
convenience in every department. The stable contains 
fourteen head of horses, and riding or driving, single 
or double teams can always be secured. 

A very important part of the business is the freight 
delivery department, in which there are engaged three 
teams. All goods are promptly delivered to any part of 
the city, and great care is exercised in their proper 
handling. 

Messrs. James and George W. Albright are both na- 
tives of Allentown, and are active and enterprising 



CLARENCE H. STILES, 

School Books and Stationery, 531 n.vMiiTON 
Street. 

Prominent amon-j; the book and stationery stores in 
Allentown is that of Mr. Clarence II. Stiles, at the above 
location, where he established the business in 187.'>. He 
occupies a neat and attractive e-stablishment, conven- 
iently fitted up and arranged for the conducting of the 
business, and in which he carries a full and complete 
stock of Books'of all kinds, including School .Books in 
their variety. Miscellaneous and Standard Books, rep- 
resenting the leading pviblishing houses of the country. 
This stock has been se'ected with great care and is be- 
lieved to be equal that of any other hou.se in the city. 
Persons desiring anything in tliis line should inspect 
the variety here displayed, and learn for themselves 
the desirable assortment that is always kept. The Sta- 
tionery department contains a very select variety of 
Writing Paper of all kinds, including the finest manu- 
factured for ladies' use. A specialty is made for sup- 
plying Legal Blanks and Lawyer's goods, he keeping in 
.stock an extended assortment of all goods under this 
head. 

Mr. Stiles was born in Allentown, and is a young ge-n- 
tleman esteemed by all. By strict attention to business 
he has built up a desirable trade, comprising a greater 
part of the legal fraternity and the better class of Allen- 
town's citizens. 

J. A. KUTZ, 

Wall Papee, 111 North Seventh Street. 

Prominent among the wall paper establishments will 
be found that of Mr. J. A. Kutz, who has been estab- 
lished for many years. He carries in stock a desirable 
assortment of Wall Papers of the latest patterns, includ- 
ing the many handsome styles of dado papers that are 
at the present time so fashionable. Being a practical 
hanger he personally superintends the work entrusted 
to him and guarantees the utmost satisfaction with 
every order. 

He is a native of Allentown, and an active and indus- 
trious business man. His experience and facilities are 
such that he is able to execute the finest work at the 
shortest possible notice, and at the most favorable 
prices. 



E. D. SEIGFRIED, 

Jeweler, 103 North Seventh Street. 

Mr. Seigfried, the popular and well-known chronom- 
eter and watch maker, of No. 103 North Seventh Street, 
first engaged in business in Allentown, 1879, and has 
within the two years built up a desirable trade. He 
keeps a stock of Watches of the best productions of Amer- 
ican and European manufacture, also Clocks and Jew- 
elry of the newest and most fashionable .styles and designs 
especially selected for a first-class trade. The store is 
handsomely and tastefully arrauged and frequented 
by our best citizens, who find here a variety of goods 
that are sold without any misrepresentation. A spe- 
cialty is made of repairing watches, this department 
being under the immediate supervision of Mr. Seig- 
fried, who is a practical watchmaker and exercises in 
their handling the greatest care and precision. Work 
entrusted to the establishment receives prompt atten- 
tion. 

Mr. Seigfried is a native of Allentown, and an ener- 
getic business man. During his continuance in the 
Jewelry trade he has made many friends, and his bus- 
ness has rapidly assumed considerable proportions.— 
Two assistants are employed, and patrons receive oour- 
teous and polite attention from all connected with the 
house. 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



139 



ANTHONY & EBBECKE, 

Hardwark, Cutlery, Builders' Supplies and 
Sporting Goods, G06 Hamilton Street. 

Few establishraeuts in AUentown enjoy a better repu- 
tation or have belter facilities for supplying their cus- 
tomers than this young and enterprising firm. 

The business now conducted by them was established 
iu 1861 by C. F. Wolfertz &Co., for the sale of Sporting 
•joods, Cutlery, etc. Wolfretz & Co. conducted the 
business until February, 1881,wlien the present firm 
became the proprietors. With the vigor and enterprise 
of a young firm they began at once to make prepara- 
tions for enlarging their business by greatly increasing 
the size of their store, aud luMing to their stock a com- 
plete line of general Hardware and House Furnishing 
goods. 

This firm is rapidly making its way to a prominent 
position in the business community by industry .prudence 
and fair <l.'aling, and have already secured a liberal 
patronage. 



The store is stocked with a complete line of Hard- 
ware, Builders' Supplies, House Furnishing Goods, Cut- 
lery, Guns, Fishing Tackle and Sporting Goods gener- 
ally, comprising a stock requisite in a first-class estab- 
lishment, which will always be kept up to a common 
standard of excellence, enabling them to supply any- 
thing in their line. 

The store has a double front, and is 22x70 feet in di- 
mensions, with a large store house in the rear. Messrs. 
A. A. Anthony and .M. C. Ebbecke compose the firm, 
and are active, enterprising young men, and deserve 
credit for giving the citizens of AUentown a first-class 
house in this line. 

The senior member of the firm is a native of Easton, 
and the junior of Philadelphia, each having had an 
extensive experience in the business, both wholesale 
and retail, and in city and country trade. 




CaTflSAUQUH. 



AN ACTIVE IRON- MANUFACTURING TOWN, AND THE LOCATION OP THE FIRST 
FURNACE [X THE UNITED STATES FOR PRODUCING PIG IRON BY ANTHRA- 
CITE COAL A SKETCH OF HOKENDAUQUA, ONE MILE DISTANT. 



Three miles distant from AUentowii, on the 
sast bank of the Lehigh river, is situated the bor- 
ough of Catasauqua. Tlie name, to many, is a. 
•very singular one, and was derived from a creek 
■which empties into the Lehigli at the southeast 
of the town. It is a compound word, meaning 
in the dialect of the Leni Lenape tribe of In dians 
who inhabited thi^ section of the country, "dry 
ground." The creek aforesaid was " Catasauque' ' 
on some old maps, while on others it was called 
"Mill Creek," by reason of a mill which was 
erected upon its head- waters by Thomas Wilson, 
in 1735. 

ITS SKTILKMENT. 

Catasauqua is comparatively a new settle- 
ment, in 1839 the site being nothing but a wood- 
land, and on it were but two houses, one at each 
extreme end of the town plot. During that year 
a company of gentlemen from Philadelphia, con- 
sisting of Messrs. White, Hazard, Earp, Mitchell, 
McAllister, and several others, proposed the erec- 
tion of an iron furnace for the purpose of making 
iron with anthracite coal, which had been acconi- 
plished in Wales a few years before, by Mr. 
George Crane. Tiiese gentlemen selected this 
location for the reason tliat the great iron and 
limestone beds of Lehigh County were in the 
immediate neighborhood, and as the Lehigh Ca- 
nal passed directly through the grounds, it would 
afford them the necessary water power to drive 
their machinery, and could supply them with 
coal direct from the mines, as well as convey 
their product to market. Another object that 
probably exercised considerable influence in 
their selection of this site, was the offer made in 
1838 by the Lehigh Coal and Navagation Com- 
pany, giving to any parties who would lay out 
$30,000 in cash, and establish a furnace and run 
successfully on anthracite coal for three montlis, 



the valuable water privileges extending from the 
Hokendauqau dam to the Allen town dam, about 
four miles in lenth. 

After securing from Wales Mr. David Thomas, 
who thoroughly understood the construction of 
iron furnaces, the company commenced the erec- 
tion, the ground being broken in July of that 
year. 

THE FIRST ANTHRACITE FURNACE. 

The first furnace was completed in 1840, and a 
large number of laborers' houses were erect- 
ed, as well as a substantial residence for Mr. 
Thomas. The settlement was named Craneville, 
and the company "The Lehigh Crane Iron 
Company." The iron works were a success, and 
after firmly establishing the practicabilty of 
manufacturing iron with anthracite coal, erected 
another furnace in 1841. In 1846 the demand 
for their iron exceeded the facilities to produce, 
and furnace No. 3 was erected, and in 1850 two 
more were put in operation. 

During the enlargement of the works the town 
made rapid growth, and on the 1st daj^ of Febru- 
ary, 1853, it was incorporated by the Court of 
Quarter Sessions of Lehigh county. The first 
officers were David Thomas, Burgess ; Owen 
Rice, Secretary; Joshua Hunt, Treasurer; Charles 
Sigler, High Constable, and James S. Reese, So- 
licitor. 

Witli the many improvements made at the 
iron works, and the completion and opening of 
the Lehigh Valley Railroad in September, 1855, 
through from Easton to Mauch Chunk, and 
completion of the Catasauqua and Foglesville 
Railroad in 1857, business at Catasauqua took a 
rapid start. In 1860 the town contained nearly 
3,000 population, there were four hundred 
dwellings, and a number of industries of various 
kinds. 



KR-^OTRCES OF THE LEHIGH VAT.LEY. 



141 



THE TOWN OF XO-DAY. 

Oatasauqua of to-day is an active and enter- 
prising: manufacturing town, and is re>rularly 
laid out, extending about a mile on tlie Lehigh 
river and canal, and eastward about a lialf mile 
to the Northampton county line. It ha? now a 
pojailation of 4,000, and is steadly enlarging and 
filling lip the vacant spots within its border 
limit*!. The splendid position whicli it occupies 
in the midst of arichiron ore and limestone coun- 
try, the focilities it possesses by railroad and canal 
for transportating its productions, and tlie com- 
stantly increasing trade which it conntiands, all 
tends to impress one with the belief that it is 
destined to have a bright and prosperous future. 
The growth of the town lias been rai)id, consider- 
ing its age. ~ The sagacity and foresight of tlic 
men who first selected tlie site for a town upon 
which Oatasauqua now stands is apparant in 
Almost every particular. From the Lehigh, 
which flows along the entire front of the borongii, 
it extends bade on a gradual rise, affording an 
easy and gentle grade to the streets, carrying off all 
Tlie accumuhitiiig tilth and keeping the town 
free from the semldance of a muddy-pool. But 
few towns can boast of so perfect a drainage, and 
to it, probably, more than any other one thing 
can the continued healtlifullness of the town be 
attributed. 

The borough is divided into two wards and is 
governed by a council of six members. Since the 
incorporation the following gentlemen have 
served as Burgess: David Thomas, 1853: John 
Boyer, 1854; Uriah Brunner, 1855; David Thomas, 
1856-7; William Goetz, 1858-9; A. G. Lewis, 1860; 
John Williams, from 1861 to 1872, with the ex- 
ceptions of 1870-1, when the office was filled by 
James C. Beitel; Melchior H. Horn, 1874; George 
Brown, 1875; William H. Glace, 1876; Henry 
Davis, 1877, who continued In office until 1881, 
•when Philip Stern was elected. 

The town is lighted and well supplied with a 
good qaaltity of gas by the Oatasauqua Gas 
Company, which was incorporated in 1856 with 
a capital of $13,000, but since considerably in- 
creased. 

W.\TER .\ND FIRE DEPARTMENTS. 

Oatasauqua has no doubt one of the most com- 
plete and abundant water arrangements in the 
State, and at a very little cost to the citizens. 
They were erected by the Crane Iron Company, 
for the benefit of the town, in 1845. In 1860 they 
were considerably enlarged and the pipes ex- 
tended. Tlie xiresent works consist of an engine 
and stand pipe at the river works, and the reser- 
voir is located on the highest ground in the 
neighborhood, being situated on a plot of ground 
purchased by the Iron Company many years ago, 
at Fifth and Walnut streets. The capacity of the 
reservoir is 200,000 gallons, abundant for a town 
three times the present size of Oatasauqua. 

Few towns of its size have .so cHiciont a fire de- 



partment, and it is believed it is almost an 
exception in this respect. There are two com- 
panies, and they are composed of a fine class of 
able-bodied men. 

The Phoenix Steam Fire Engine Company was 
organized on the 22nd of April, 1866, and has now 
a large roll of active members. They have in 
their possession one steamer and two hose car- 
riages. The Southwark Fire Company's engine 
was formerly owned by a company of that name 
in the volunteer department of Philadelphia, but 
owing to the organization of a paid department, 
tlie engine and equipments were sold to the 
Crane Iron Company, who a few years ago erect- 
ed a handsome two-story building for the Fire 
Company's use. This Company was organized 
Eebruary 4, 1873, and is also in excellent condi- 
tion. In addition to these two companies, the 
Oatasauqua Manufacturing Company have a 
large fire brigade organized from its employees, 
and own considerable hose. 

CHURCHES AND PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 

The churches are neat and substantial edifices, 
and consists of two Presbyterian, two Lutheran, 
one German Keforiiied, two Methodists, tw^o 
Catholics and one Baptist, The school system 
of the borough will compare favorably with any 
in the Commonwealth. There are four school 
buildings, all large and substantial structures, and 
each divided into the dift'erent departments from 
primary to grammar and in charge of compe- 
tent and efficient teachers. The number of chil- 
dren attending is about eight hundred, and great 
attention is given by the authorities to pnunote 
the perfection of the schools. 

Oatasauqua has a Natioifal Bank and two 
weekly newspapers, and has also a number of 
secret and social organizations. There is a 
Town Hall in which council meets, and is also in 
use for general purposes. 

RAILROAD FACILITIES. 

The railroad facilities of Oatasauqua are excel- 
lent, embracing the Lehigh Valley uptm the op- 
posite side of the river; Oat;is;iuqua and Fogies - 
ville Railroad, running from the Lehigh river to 
the East Pennsylvania Railroad, and through 
the great iron ore region of Lehigh county, and 
the Lehigh and Susquehanna Division of the 
New Jersey Central Railroad on the Oatasauqua 
side of the river. These three roads give access 
to the various iron and coal regions, and also 
make communication witli the important mar- 
kets of the country of the greatest convenience. 
Capitalists are contemplating a fourth railroad 
for the town, to run from there to the Bangor 
slate region, in the northeastern part of North- 
ampton county, by the way of Chapman's and 
the borough of Nazareth, The Canal of the Le- 
high Coal and Navigation Company passes 
through the town. 

The Lehigh river is crossed at Oatasauqua by 
two wooden bridges. Where the first bridge 



142 



RESOURCES OF THE LEIIKIII VALLEY. 



now stands there was formerly a ferry known as 
Bienig's Ferry. In 1824 a chain bridge was 
erected here, part of whicli was carried away by 
the freshet of 1841. It was repaired and stood 
until 1853, when it was taken down, and the 
present structure, known as Bienig's Bridge, 
erected in its place. The Lehigh Crane Iron 
Company in 1847 erected a bridge just above 
their works, which is also xised as a rail- 
road bridge. On Catasauqua creek, not far from 
tlie town, George Taylor, one of the signers of the 
Declaration of Independence, formerly lived. 

THE CRANE IRON COMPANY. 

The Crane Iron Com])any have been insua- 
mentai in the success of the town, and when 
starting here where the first furnace in the 
country to burn anthracite conl Tiieir pTuseii": 
works consist of six furnaces, wh'ch when all 
burning have a capacty of sixty-fjve +hcusand 
tons per year. These works are supp.ied with 
every modern appliance in use for the manufac- 
ture of pig-iron, and take rank with the leading 
concerns in the country. 

The Catasauqua Manufacturing Company is 
also an important industry, as are the extensive 
fire brick works located here. Independent of 
these enterprises, the town contains a large plan- 
ing mill, machine shops, foundries and a great 
variety of mercantile establishments. 

GENERAL APPEARANCE. 

The borough is well built, and there is an air 
of apparent comfort in the place, very unusual 
in an iron manuficturing town. The dwellings 
of the workmen employed in the furnaces are not 
theinferiorbiiildings toooften found around such 
establishments, but' with a few exceptions, have 
an appeara7ice of neatness and order which is 
pleasant to behold. There is also a large number 
of handsome cottages and private residences, 
on whicli are displayed considerable taste in archi- 
tectural designs. There are perhaps few manu- 
facturing towns where so much intelligence is 
displayed by the working classes. This condition 
of affairs is due in a very considerable extent to the 
efforts of Mr. David Thomas, who tried to instill 
in the minds of his workmen the great necessity 
of sobriety and self-culture. Mr. Thomas still 
lives in the town, and is much respected by all 
throughout the entire Lehigh Valley. 

THE CATASAUQUA AND FOGLESVILLE RAILROAD. 

In connection with the borough of Catasauqua, 
appears to be a very appropriate place to give a 
short sketch of the above mentioned railroad. 
This road was built in 1857, (atthattime but nine 
miles in length, at a cost of about $2,000,000,) by 
the Lehigh Crane and Thomas Iron Companies. 
At the present time the road extends from Cata- 
sauqua to Bethlehem Gap, a distance of twenty 
miles. The road was built for the purpose of 
reaching the great iron ore beds belonging to these 
companies, theorefrom which had previously been 
carted to them bv mule teams. About five miles 



from Catasauqua the road crosses the Jordan 
creek, on a splendid iron bridge, 1,165 feet in 
length and 85 feet above low water in the creek. 
When this was built, in 1857, it was the largest 
iron bridge in the United States, and attracted 
very general attention. The entire cost was about 
$77,000, a sum surprisingly low, in comparison 
to the cost of similar structures at the present 
time. The successful completion of the bridge 
turned the attention of railroad builders to iron 
as suitable for tlie construction of bridges of this 
nature, and there now is to be found many bridges 
that are more wonderful in the length of their 
spans and heighth, than even was this in its 
eHj'iy day. 

From Trexlertown to Lichty there is a branch 
road of five miles, making the whole length of the 
road twenty-five miles. The road is equipped 
with six locomotives, four passenger and bag- 
gage cars, and 577 freight and ore cars. The road 
bed is of furnace cinder and broken stone, nine- 
teen miles being of the former and six of the lat- 
ter. The company employ sixty-one men, and 
during 1880 carried 10,374 passengers, and 433,- 
948 tons of freight of all kinds, 232,115 tons being 
iron and otiier ores. The present officers 
are : President, Joshua Street ; Secretary and 
Treasurer, John Williams; Chief Engineer and 
General Superintendent, G. W. Chapman. The 
office of the company is at Catasauqua. 

HOKENDAUQUA. 

This pleasant village is located nearly one 
mile above Catasauqiia, on the west bank of the 
river Lehigh. The town was laid out by the 
Thomas Iron Company in 1855, who at that time 
owned about thirty- five acres, and upon which 
they divided off building lots, 50 by 100 feet, with 
streets from sixty to ninety feet in width. Hok- 
endauqua derives its name from a small creek 
which emjjties into the Lehigh on the eastern 
side, about a half a mile above the village. It is 
an Indian woi'd, "Hoken," in the Delaware In- 
dian language signifying "Land," and "docque," 
— "reaching for or seeking." The name in fact 
was not given to a stream of water, but was an 
exclamation used by the Indians at the time the 
first Irish settlers located therein 1730; it was 
probably made use of in sjieaking to the survey- 
ors ; a large portions of the streams were named 
in this manner by the surveyors. 

The settlement and progress of Hokendauqua 
is owing entirely to the Thomas Iron Company, 
who are the only industry located here, and own 
and control a greater portion of tiie village. The 
present population is about 1,200, and the people 
are a very industrious class. The dwellings pro- 
vided for their employees by tlie company are 
very much above average, they being surrounded 
with ample ground and upon wide streets, that 
are well shaded. Xotwithstanding the prepon- 
derance of this portion of the population, there 
area number of verv neat and attractive resi- 



RESOURCES OP THE I-EHTOH VALLEY. 



14$ 



den CCS of otlier cltizcna. The liandsoine mansion 
of the Suporiutemlent of the iron works occupies 
acomnianding site to the west of tlie vilhige, from 
which point a grand view is secured. 

A very noticeable feature of the village is the 
general cleanliness that pervades it throughout, 
although there is no incorporation. The streets 
are provided with runniu^^- water, and there is a 
pride to keep every atom of filth from the public 
thoroughfares. It is an independent school dis- 
trict, which has enabled the residents to provide a 
commodious building, and place the schools, 
which are divided into three departments, under 
the control of competent instructors. 

The land upon which the village is built is 



CRANE IRON WORKS, 

Catasauqua. 
The Crane Iron Works may be tenned the pioneer 
antliracite pigiron works of the United States. The 
origination of the works were brought about In the fol- 
lowing manner: In 1838 the Lehigh Coal and Naviga- 
tion Company offered to any parties who would estab- 
lish a furnace and lay out 830,000 cash and run success- 
fully on anthracite coal exclusively for three months, 
the valuable water privileges extending from Hoken- 
dauqua dam to the AUentown dam, about four miles in 
length. The same year Mr. Er.skine Hazard Ment to 
Wales, and engaged Mr. David Thomas at the Ynis- 
cedwin works of Mr. George Crane, where anthracite 
was being used successfully, and on his arrival in this 
country in 1839, the Company was organized, and in 
July Mr. Thomas broke ground for the first furnace, 
which was blown in July 4, 1S40, As success crowned 
the enterprise, furnace No. 2 followed in a year, and in 
ten years from the start five furnaces stood there. 

At the present time there are six furnaces, which, 
when all running have a capacity of about seventy-five 
thousand gross tons per year. To give the necessary 
supply of blast for these great works five large engines, 
ranging from eight hundred to fifteen hundred horse 
power, stand ready for use in the large engine houses. 

This Company have always been in the fore-front of 
improvement in their business, as they aim to produce 
only the highest grade of foundry iron and replace the 
celebrated Scotch pig. Carrying out this aim, a few 
years ago they erected the first Whitwell hot-blast stove 
in the anthracite iron trade. Although the Whitwell 
stoves involve very much greater expenditure than the 
ordinary cast iron stove, yet the results in the form of 
soft and fluid iron justify the outlay. Mining its own 
ores from its numerous mines of hematite ore in Penn- 
sylvania and of magnetic ore in New Jersey, the Com- 
pany is able to insure their careful cleaning and pre- 
paration, and to obtain a steady supply of uniform 
character and to command the precise admixture neces- 
sary to give strength and toughness, as well as softness 
and fluidity. In order to make the best use of its ma- 
terials the Company has a well-equipped laboratory, in 
which a resident chemist is constantly employed in ex- 
amining the stock used. 

The Company employ about four hundred men at the 
works, and at the mines and in other capacities, about 
five hundred additional. The amount annually paid 
out for salaries is enormous, and to them the prosperity 
of not only Catasauqua but other points as well is due. 
The Company's office is in Philadelphia, Mr. Samuel 
Dickson being the president, and George T. Barnes, sec- 
retary and treasurer. At the works in Catasauqua the 
officers are Joshua Hunt, superintendent; Joseph 



liigh, atfording excellent drainage, and making it 
an extremely healthy place of residence. The 
Thomas Iron Works are fully described in the 
pages that follow, a.s well as the two mercantile 
enterprises of tlic town. 

The business houses that are appended, repre- 
sent the leading industries, both manufacturing 
and mercantile, of Catasauqua, and the reader 
should carefully glean from the articles the ad- 
vantages they otfer from which to procure 
their specalties. The village of Hokendauqua 
contains three enterprises, one producing and 
two mercantile, all three of which have been given 
place in this work. 



Hunt, assistant superintendent, and John Williams, 
cashier. 

After a careful review of the works, there appears to 
be good foundation for the claim that the quality of the 
Crane Iron has steadily improved, and that the present 
product is more than worthy of the high reputation it. 
has so long enjoyed, not only throughout the New Eng- 
land and Middle States, but also from Canada and Cal- 
ifornia. 

LEHIGH FIRE BRICK CO., 

Manufacturer of Fire Bricks, on the Lehigh 
Canal. 

An important industry- that is directly connected with 
the iron interests is that of the manufacture of fire 
brick, there being several of these enterprises located 
within the Valley. One of the leading firms engaged in 
the business is the Lehigh Fire Brick Co., whose exten- 
sive works are located at Catasauqua, where they were 
established in 1868 by Mr. David Thomas, the well- 
known iron manufaelui'er, Oliver Ritter and Samuel 
McHose. In 1873 he associated his sons with him in 
the business, the firm name becoming as now known. 

The works are located between Front street and the 
Canal of the Lehigh Navigation Co., in the upper part 
of the town, and occupy a considerable plot of ground. 
The buildings are constructed under one roof, and are 
of two-stories, substantially erected of stone, with a 
front of 280 feet and a depth of 160 feet. There are also 
five kilns, with a capacity of a5,000 each, and the works 
are equipped with every modern appliance for the rapid 
manipulation of the clay. There are employed forty- 
eight hands, and the aunual production is about two 
and a-half million brick, embracing every kind in use 
in furnaces and mills. The clay is the well-known 
Woodbridge clay, which is the best in the country, the 
brick manufactured therefrom being superior in every 
particular. The firm manufacture Fire Brick of every 
shape for Furnaces, Ovens, Arches, Linings, Jams, 
Boshes, Cupolas, etc., and when the stock on hand is 
not of the kind desired, they will make new patterns to 
order. Every facility from railroad and canal is con- 
veniently aflbrded them for shipment, a siding of the 
Crane Iron Co. running into the works, and connecting 
with L. V. and C. R. R., and the Lehigh Canal along 
side. 

The firm is composed of Mr. David Thomas, (the father 
of the iron industries of the Valley), his son-in-law, Mr. 
Joshua Hunt, and his sons, Messrs. Samuel and John 
Thomas. The reputation of these gentlemen is such 
that nothing we could say would add to it. The works 
are under the immediate charge of Mr. David Hunt, as 
superintendent, a gentleman thoroughly conversant 
with the manufacture of Fire Brick. 



144 



RESOURCES OF THE LRHIGfr VALLEY. 



UNION FOUNDRY AND MACHINE CO., 
CoKNF.R Front and Pine Streets. 

These works were established about thirty-years ago 
and in 1809 were purchased by a company, and have 
since been kept in operation by them. They are sit- 
uated^u Front street, at the corner of Pine,and are con- 
venient to the Central Railroad or Lehigh Canal. The 
works occupy a considerable plot of ground, upon which 
are large and necessary buildings, together with ample 
yard room, the whole being supplied with much new and 
improved machinery for producing the various special- 
ties of manufacture. The Company are particularly 
engaged in manufacturing all kinds of rolling mill 
work, controlling in this liranch of its work a large 
business from the many mills located in the Valley, 
possessing very superior facilities, they are enabled to 
compete in this work with any concern in the Valley; 
and their i)roductious are known over a wide extent of 
country. All the buildings, including machine shop, 
fouudry, blacksmith shop, pattern building,etc., are sub- 
stantially erected, the whole forming an active centre 
of industry. In the various departments of the works 
there are employed thirty hands, and a twenty-horse 
power engine furnishes the motive power for running the 
machinery, much of which ingenious and particularly 
adapted for the siecialty of work for which it is em- 
ployed. 

The Company is composed of several prominent gen- 
tlemen, the works being under the direct control of Mr. 
David William!^ the managing partner, who is 
thoroughly conversant with the business. The Union 
Foundry and Machine Company have a well earned 
reputation for doing first-class, work and are rapidly 
building up a large trade. They exercise an impor- 
tant influence in the prosperity of the town. 



J. SWARTZ & SONS, 

Pky Goods, Notions, Groc'Eries, Etc., Front 

Street, Above Bridge. 
One ol the largest, stores in the Borough of Catasau- 
qua is that of the firm of J.Swartz & Sons, who are loca- 
ted in the central part of the town, and convenient to 
the trade from all portions. This well-known house is 
one of the oldest here, having been established in 1856, 
by I. & J. N. Swartz, who continued to conduct it until 
the year 1878, when the junior, Mr. J. N. Swartz, retired, 
and the senior associated his two sous with him, under 
the name as now known. 

The store is 20 by 6-5 feet in dimensions, and well 
adapted in every way for the display and sale of every- 
thing pertaining to this line of business. In the Dry 
Goods department there is an attractive assortment of 
Dress Goods, Muslins, and a general variery of ladies' 
goods, including fancy and staple articles of all kinds. 
The Grocery stock com]jrises a full and complete line of 
Teas, Coffees,Sugars, Canned Goods, and an endless vari- 
ety of commodities to be found in a well regulated store 
of this kind. The store is arranged in a very neat manner 
and the goods desplayed in an attractive style, evincing 
the eiiteri rise and sagacity of the firm. Independent 
of the three members of the firm, two assistants are em- 
ployed in filling orders and putting up goods to supply 
the demand which comi s from i.U paits of the borough 
and surrounding country. The stock is large and val- 
uable, and the annual sales aggregate a large sum. 

The senior of the firm, Mr. Jo.seph Swartz, w'as born in 
Catasauqua in 1812, and is one of the oldest business 
men in the town. Few gentlemen are more highly es- 
teemed and respected. The sons are Messrs. T. J. and 
Preston F. Swartz, both natives of the town, the former 
horn in 1856. and the latter in 1S.59. They have been 
valuable aids to the success of the house during the 
past few years. 



EDWARD D. BOYER, 

Wholesale and Retail Druggist, 231 Front 

Street. 
This well-known establishment was originally started 
about eighteen years ago, and has been conducted by 
Mr. Boyer as sole proprietor since 1878. He deals in 
pure and fresh Drugs only, and keeps in stock an exten- 
sive variety of these goods, purchased of the leading 
wholesale houses of New York and Philadelphia. A 
complete line of toilet goods is always on hand, which 
comprises many handsome articles, ilr. Boyer gives 
his special supervision to the compounding of family 
and physician's prescriptions, the legitimate duties of a 
druggist. 

Mr. B. is a native of Catasauqua, where he has always 
resided. He was brought up in the drug business, pas- 
sed a successful examination, and graduated from the 
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in the class of 1877. 
He is a skilled and competent apothecary and phar- 
macist, and by strict attention to the details of the busi- 
ness has made his store popular with the citizens and 
medical fraternity. He is a young man and is conscien- 
tious and reliable in business, and well deserving the 
success he has attained. 



HENRY J. SOUDERS, 

Stoves, Ranges, Tinware, etc., 431 Front Street, 
Between Bridge and Church Street. 

No branch of industry is more essential to our com- 
fort than that of the stove trade. Justice to the busi- 
ness interests of Catasauqua prompts us to give a prom- 
inent position in the Stove and Hardware trade to Mr. 
Henry J. Souders. 

In reviewing the history of the house it is found that 
it dates its origin about fifteen years ago, when the 
present proprietor began the business in a small way 
with a very limited amount of capital. By strict at- 
tention to the trade, and personally superintending all 
work, he rapidly secured a large patronage, and now 
occupies the position ab)ve accorded him. He keeps a 
full stock, and is a manufacturer and dealer in Parlor, 
Office and Cooking Stoves, Hot Air Furnaces and Cook- 
ing Ranges, House Furnishing Goods, etc. He is also 
extensively engaged in the Plumbing and Gas Fitting 
business, and as this department is thoroughly under- 
stood the house commands a very large part of the trade 
of the town. 

Mr. Souders was born in Lancaster county, and was 
practically brought up to the present business. Occu- 
pying premises, 20x60 feet, and having fifteen years ex- 
perience in this community, enables him not only to 
understand the wants of his customers, but to conduct 
his business with promptness and dispatch. 



CATASAUQUA BREWERY, 

C. Stockburger, Proprietor, Second Street. 
It was some time before the American people took 
kindly to the favorite beverage of Gambrinus, but when 
they began to discover its many excellences and health- 
giving properties it was soon adopltd, i nd it has 
to a great extent taken the place of the tirery c miuouud 
known as whisky, (iood beer can be safely used by 
every one, and with many it serves as a gentle tonic, 
giving health and tone to the system. The popular 
brewer of Catasauqua, Mr. C. Stockburger, who has his 
brewery on Second street, began brewing about sixteen 
years ago, and has since conducted the busine,ss with- 
out interruption. The brewery buildings are nearly 
new, substantially built of brick, and furnished 
throughout with all the neces.sary appliances, such as 
vats, tanks, elevators, etc., necessary in the business. 
In the brewery seven hands are employed, the capacity 
being about 2,500 barrels per annum. 



RESOFRCES OF THE LETrTP.TI VALLEY. 



145 



Tbe 'beer from tlie Catasaiiqua lircwery luis nchii'Vi'd 
■a high reputation, it being noted for its purity iiiid 
hcaltliful qualities, and is in many instanees reeom- 
mended by physicians, Tlie sale is not conlincd to 
Catasauijua or its iinnu'diato vicinity, but is shipped to 
various points upon the Lehigh N'ulk'y ami Leliigh and 
Susquehanna Railroads, and the demand is such that 
the brewery is run to full capacity. It is not only the 
oldest, but the largest of the two breweries located in 
the town. 

Mr. Stockburger is a pnictical man in the brewery 
business, and thorouglily undcrslands its every detail. 
He is courteous and geuihiiuuily, and is popular with 
his fellow citizens. 



■CATASAUQl^V MILLS, 

Wii.i.iA.M YoiiNoKK, Puop'it., Race Stuiokt, nkak 
Biery's BiuiJiii;. 

This is one of the prominent industries of the thriv. 
ing borough of Catasauqua. The original mill was 
built on this site about a hundred years ago and was 
the kicntre of a considerable trade, the re.sidents of the 
surDunding country for many miles depending ni^on 
it for their suiiplics. The i)resent handsome building 
wa.' erected in ISiiii, and is live stories in height, with 
dia.*nsious, forty by one hundred feet, making it one 
-of <iie largest mills in the Valley. It has seven run of 
s'.cne and all other appliances of the most approved sort, 
atMi has a capacity of over a hundred barrels per day. 
Wie flour manufactured here has a very extended repii- 
t»»tlon.the superior quality makingforita widedemand, 
u«cessitating the mill running to its fullest capacity.— 
■Great care is exercised in selecting the wlieat, and the 
flour has therefore maintained its standard of purity 
.and excellence. There are employed at the mill seven 
hands, the whole being under the immediate supervi- 
sion of the proprietor. 

Mr. Younger was born in Lehigh county in 182,5 and 
removed to (Jatasauqua in 18.5(5 when he became pro- 
prietor of these mills. He is a gentleman well and 
favorably known throughout the entire community, 
and is one of its leading business men. 

HARRY H. WEBB, 

Diamonds, Watches, and Jewelry, 515 FnoNX 
Street. 

Among the Jewelry establishments of Catasauqua, 
:moue enjoy a higher reputation than that oif Mr. Harry 
H. Webb, a young gentleman thoroughly understand- 
ing the business and the requirements of the trade. His 
store is of good size, and well adapted in every appoint- 
ment for the Jewelry trade, possessing ample room and 
is neat and well lighted throughout. Mr. \\'ebb makes 
a specialty of fine Diamonds and Jewelry of every de- 
scription, including Watches of all makes.and keeps an 
a.ssortment that is well worthy of inspection, With all 
watches sold by him he gives a guarantee, warranting 
them to be as represented in every particular. He also 
keei).s in stock an as.sortment of Clacks, Silver and Plated 
Ware, of all kinds, and if what is desired is not to be 
fnuud among his variety, will gladly .secure for his pa- 
t;ons the required article, having the illustrated cata- 
logues of the leading manufactories to .select from and 
thus oll'eriuga better opp,. amity to obtain exactly 
wiiat is wanted, than could be made from any retail 
store. Special attention is given to repairing watches, 
bis experience giving him unbounded facilities for the 
Wuik. 

Mr. Webb opened his establishment in ISSO, and dur- 
in:, ;he short career of the store it has secured a promi- 
nent place among the retail houses of the town. He is 
a younggenllonuni ami a pnuiical man in the watch- I 
making business. 



cii.\i;les curwin ct bro., 

Generai, Store, Corner Front and Church 
Streets. 

The business carried on by this live, active firm, was 
started in l.Sfil, by Mr. George S. Corwin, father of the 
members of the present firm, who continued the busi- 
ness alone until 1871, when the firm as now constituted 
succeeded. The hou.se was established on a sound busi- 
ness ba.sis, which has tided it well over the financial dc- 
pres.sions that the country has experienced, and when 
many other houses were lost in the vo.xtex, it was grow- 
ing in volume of trade. Tin; firm are the most enter- 
prising of any in the retail business in ('ata.-;au<iiia, and 
annually do a larger trade than is transacted by any 
other house in the town. The store o<'cupied by them 
is desirably situated, and in dimension is twenty by 
eighty-.seven feet, am])le in its proportions for the rapid 
disposal of the tiade that centres here. It is ccpuped 
with the modern conveniences for transacting business, 
and is probably the best furnished establishment in the 
borough. 

The front of the store is devoted to the Dry Goods de- 
partment, in which there is a very choice a.ssortment of 
dress goods of all kinds, and the many other articles 
common to an establishment of this class. That por- 
tion of the house devoted to Groceries, contains a full 
and complete variety of staple and fancy goods, fresh 
and at the lowest market prices. A siteeialty is maile 
of Hardware, the stock being the largest in the borough, 
and embracing every article that naturally belongs to 
this branch. 

The firm employ seven assistants, and firmly adhere 
to the rule to promptly and satisfactorily attend to all 
who pay the establishment a visit. 

The senior of the firm, Mr. Charles Corwin, was born 
in Orange county. New Y'ork State, and for many years 
has been a resident of Catasauqua. Mr. Henry B. Cor- 
win was also born iu the same county, and now resides 
in East Orange, New Jensey, and is connected with a 
house iu Newark, in that State. The firm are cuter- 
prising and active. 

CHARLES G. SCHNELLER, 

Stoves, He.vters, Tin were. Etc., Corner Front 

Street and Strawberry Alley. 
The stove aud tinware establishment of Mr. Scbneller 
is the leading business place of the kind in Catasauqua. 
He first began business in ISJS iu a modest way and 
has since continued to increase his stock aud his pa- 
tronage and ranks among the most importaiU business 
houses in the borough. He manufactures all kinds of 
Tin, Japanned aud Sheet Iron Ware, and deals iu 
Stoves, Heaters, Ranges, Wood aud Willow-ware, and 
tin toys, and conducts a large and inlluential trade 
derived from the best class of citizens. In the manu- 
facturing and repairing department of his business 
several hands arc employed, and a large amount of 
work is annually produced. The establishment has a 
front of twenty feet, the store-room having a depth of 
sixty -six feet, aud the workshop thirty-four, aud is one 
of the largest in the borough iu dimensions. Particular 
attention is given to Plumbing and Gas Fitting and 
competent and exi)eriencod workmen are employed 
for this particular departnu'Ut. 

Mr. Schueller was born in Bethlehem in 1S21, and 
removed to Catasauiiua in 18-J8, when he opened the 
present enterprise. For twenty-seven years he has been 
located at the i>rescnt stand, and is the oldest business 
man in the town, no otiier gentleman uow engaged but 
who has started since he began. He has always taken an 
active interest in alVairs pertaining to the borough, aud 
is emphatically a self-made man, well entitled to the 
success he has attained. 



148 



hesources of the lehigh valley. 



OW EN RORMICH, 

Dry Goods and Groceries, No. 3 Front Street. 

Among those in Catasauqua engaged in the Dry Goods 
and Grocery business is Mr. Owen Rormich, who oc- 
cupies a large and convenient store, at No. 3 Front 
street. It has a double front of twenty feet, with a 
depth of sixty feet, fitted with every convenience for 
the rapid transacting of business, and is stocked with a 
full and complete line of goods. In the Dry Goods de- 
partment there will be found a choice assortment of 
desirable goods, including dress fabrics of Foreign and 
Domestic manufacture, Muslin, Linens, Calicoes, etc, 
and a very extensive variety of notions aud fancy arti- 
cles, a specialty being made of first-class goods. The 
portion of the establisment devoted to groceries is sup- 
plied with fresh goods, the busine.'^s being of such pro- 
portions as to call for frequent replenishing. Mr. Ror- 
mich employs four practical assistants and the trade 
under his management has rapidly assumed great 
value, and equals that of any other house iu the 
borough. 

Mr. Rormich is a native of Lehigh county, and in 1860 
opened the present store, which he has conducted, with 
the assistance of his son, F. W. Rormich, since that time. 
He is the proprietor of Rormich's flour mill, located 
in Whitehall township, running three run of stone and 
doing a general business, the products of the mill 
finding a ready sale in this section of the State ; he is 
also engaged in farming. He is esteemed by all as an 
upright and honorable citizen and is in every respect 
entitled to the success which he has attained as a busi- 
ness man. 

JAMES C. BEITEL, 

Jeweler, Front Street. 

Among the popular Jewelry stores in Catasauqua that 
of Mr. J. C. Beitel takes a leading rank. The store is 
arranged in a neat and attractive manner, iu which he 
displays a complete line of new and fashionable Jew- 
elry in rich, elegant and unique designs, together with 
watches of the finest Foreign and American makes, 
Mr. Beitel is a thorough watchmaker and jeweler, 
having served a regular apprenticeship at the business. 
He is a native of Catasauqua and established his pres- 
ent busine.ss nearly twenty years ago. He is a reliable 
and industrious business man, and being thoroughly 
practical in the business is prepared at all times to 
give satisfaction. 

A specialty is made by him of repairing Clocks, 
Watches and Jewelry, in which branch his services are 
constantly in demand. His stock is well worthy of in- 
spection and those residents of the borough who desire 
such goods should avail themselves of the reliable 
stock here offered. 



SAMUEL WIRT, 

General Store, 142 Front Street. 

One of the popular and enterprising stores In Cata- 
sauqua, carrying a neat and attractive assortment of 
goods, is that of Mr. Samuel Wirt, who occupies a fine 
building on Front street nearly opposite the National 
Bank. 

A business reputation and experience of many years 
enjoyed by the proprietor, enables him to conduct the 
enterprise with success. A varied assortment of goods 
is kept constantly on hand, embracing a prominent line 
of Dry Goods, Groceries, Provision, Queensware, Wooden 
and Willow Ware, beside a stock of Notions. Since the 
inception of this prosperous enterprise, the business has 
constantly increased, and the trade now conducted 
with the resident citizens and surrounding farmers is 
very large. Goods are purchased for cash, securing for 
the bouse tbe choice of the market. The business as 



conducted by Mr. S. Wirt is a first-class one, and he is 
rated as an honorable and just man in all his dealings, 
prompt in the discharge of all business obligations, and 
a citizen who has always taken an active interest in the 
welfare of Catasauqua. 



STINE & KRAMLICH, 

Rectifikrs and Wholesale Liquor Dealers, 1^ 

Church Street. 
The wholesale liquor business is well represented ia 
Catasauqua by this firm. The business established 
in 1872, is now well known over a large extent of coun- 
try and|is regarded as one of the most reliable houses in^ 
the Lehigh Valley. Tlie store is located at No, 19 Church 
street, and has a handsome front of 22 feet extending 
back 60 feet, and in its general appearance and arrange- 
ment is one of the model stores of the town. They alsO' 
conduct a store at Shamokin where a large business is 
done. A very extensive stock of pure Liquors embrac- 
ing several well known and popular brands of Whis- 
kies, including the celebrated Dougherty, Mt. Konou- 
Hannisville and Monticello and Brandies, Gin, Rum, 
and Foreign and Domestic Wines, are always on hand-; 
and are offered to the t ade at prices that defy competi- 
tion. This firm make a specialty of fine goods, and 
guarantees their stock to be strictly as represented. — 
For invalids' use and medicinal and family purposes a. 
supply of strictly pure goods can always be obtained, 
here, the high reputation of the establishment being a- 
sufficient guarantee for the truth of this statement. — 
The firm is composed of R. F. Stine and A. C. Kram- 
lich both well acquainted with the details of the trade. 
We heartily commend this house to the community, 
confident that all who establish business relations with 
the firm will find them of the most satisfactory charac- 
ter. 

MAX REIS, 

Clothing, Gents' Furnishing Goods. Hats and- 
Caps, 407 Front Street. 

One of the attractive clothing houses of Catasauqua 
on the main thoroughfare, Front street, is that of Mr. 
Max Reis. This business was established in 1877 by 
the present proprietor, who has made it one of the 
popular resorts for those in search of reliable clothing. 
The goods iu stock comprises everything desirable for 
men's and boys' wear, of the most fashionable style and 
seasonable goodF,aiid w ell made with the most desirable 
trimmings. A stick of gent's Furnii-bing Goods of 
the newest and latest novelties can always be found 
here, besides stylish Hats and Caps, the best productions 
of the leading manufacturers, which are disposed of at 
prices as low as can be obtained either in Philadelphia 
or New York. 

The store is of good size, conveniently arranged for 
the display and examination of the articles on sale, and 
affording every facility for conducting his growing 
trade. 

Mr. Max Reis is an active, energetic man, fully posted 
in all details of the business, and one who combines the 
knack of pleasing all with an honorable and straight- 
forward manner of conducting business. 



CHARLES MUMMEY, 

Harness, Saddles and Satchels, 511 Front 

Street. 
This is tbe leading dealer and manufacturer of har- 
ness in Catasauqua. He established the business about 
twelve years ago, and removed to his present stand in 
1876. He carries a fine stock of light and heavy Har- 
ness, Collars, Bridles, Lines, Nets, Halters, Horse Cloth- 
ing of all kinds, and a general variety of goods and 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



147 



articles needed by horsemen. A greater part of all har- 

mess kept by him is of his owu manufacture, and is 
made iu a worknidulike manner of the best leatlicr. He 
also keeps a variety of Trunks, Traveling Bags, etc., 
and is well able to supply all demands from his well- 
assorted stock. 

Mr. Mumniey is a native of Northampton county, 
and is a practical man in his business. He manufac- 
tures first-class stock, and has made a success of his 
work, as is demonstrated by his large custom. He is an 
upright citizen, and is esteemed in the community. 

THOMAS IRON WORKS, 

HOKENDAUQUA. 

The traveler piissing through the Valley If not 
'thoroughly acquainted with the extent and number of 
.its industries, will find himself lost with the magnitude 
of the iron works that appear as he continues toward 
the coal regions. 

The largest of them are located at Hokendauqua, and 
are familiarly known as the Thomas Iron Works. 
While not the first established in the Lehigh Valley, 
they have probably exercised a greater influence upon 
■the prosperity of this section of the State than any other 
single industry. They are not only the largest in the 
Valley, but one of the most extensive in the United 
States, the amount of Pig Iron annually produced reach- 
ing an enormous amount. 

The origin of the works dates with the putting in 
■ blast of Furnace No. 1, which occurred June 1, 1855, and 
were named after the now venerable David Thomas, 
who superintended the erection of the first anthracite 
furnace in the country in 1840, and is still living at Cat- 
asauqua, full of years and honor. The Thomas Iron 
Company, after its organization, purchased a large tract 
of laud, upon which the village of Hokendauqua now 
stands, and where they have erected many convenient 
and comfortable houses for employees. The Company 
now have at their works six furnaces. No. 1 was the 
original one, and is sixty feet high, and eighteen feet 
bosh ; No. 2 went in blast October 3, 1855, and is ol the 
same dimensions; No. 3, July 18, 186iJ, fifty-five feet high, 
and eighteen feet bosh; No. 4, April 29, 1863, same 
dimensions ; No. 5, September 15, 1873, sixty feet high, 
and the same bosh, and No. 6, January 19, 1874, same 
dimensions. Independent of these the Company are 
'the owners of the works at Alburtus, on the East Peun 
Railroad, which has two furnaces. 

The Hokendauqua works are the finest in the coun- 
try, possessing every improvement for the manufacture 
of all kinds of Pig Iron, and are the most complete in 
■every department of any now in operation. They are 
also equiped with superior machinery, consisting of 
three blowing engines, of sixty-six inch steam cylinders 
and ten foot stroke ; two blowing engines of fifty-six 
inch steam cylinder and nine footstroke, with blowing 
• cylinder of seven foot six inches, and nine foot stroke. 
For yard purposes and the shifting of ore, slack and 
coal cars, the Company have eight ordinary gauge, and 
four narrow gauge engines, and a large number of cars 
of various kinds. 

The Company have a capital of $2,000,000, and manu- 
facture all kinds of Pig Iron, and when in full opera- 
tion having an output of 100,000 tons per annum. At 
the works about fjur hundred hands are employed, and 
a large number, independent of these, are employed at 
the mines and in other capacities. They own extensive 
mines in various parts of the State, and in connection 
with the Crane Iron Company, own the Catasanquaand 
Fogelsville Railroad, wliich not only forms an important 
road for passenger tratlic, but is the outlet of the many 
liron mines iu the interior of Lehigh county. 

The oflacers of the Compauy are, Samuel Tliomas, of 



Catasauqua, President; John T. Knight, of Easton, Sec- 
re tary and Treasurer, and John Thomas, of Hokendau- 
qua, general Superintendent. These gentlemen are 
well-known throughout the State, and the great success 
that has attended the works will attest the ability that 
has been exercised in their management. As to the 
quality of the production, it is so well known among 
iron men that no comment upon its superiority is 
deemed necessary. 



J. S. CHRISTMAN, 

Dry Goods and Groceries, etc.. Corner Second 
AND Church Streets, Hokendauqua. 
This is the oldest establishment of its kind in Hoken- 
dauqua, having been originally started in the year 1868 
at the corner of Iron and Front streets, by the present pro- 
prietor and Wm. H. Bain,underthe firm name of Christ- 
man & Bain,who conducted a successful business. Mr. 
Bain retired in 1876, when Mr. Christman became the 
sole proprietor. In 1878 the establishment was removed 
to its present location. The experience of thirty years 
In trade has well qualified Mr. Christman to conduct 
an enterprise of this kind, and it may be surmised that 
this establishment is pretty generally known to the en- 
tire community. It is younger to-day, however, than 
at any period of its history, for its stock was never be- 
fore so varied or larger, and comprises Dry Goods, No- 
tions, Trimmings, Hosiery, Gloves, Laces and an exten- 
sive variety of similar goods, specially sought by ladies, 
while another department comprises all kinds of Wood, 
China, Glass, Queensware and House Furnishing Goods. 
The Grocery department is replete, and fancy groceries 
of every description. Teas, Coffees, Spices and Canned 
goods constituting a specialty. The trade is large in 
Hokendauqua and among the families of the surround- 
ing country. 

Mr. Christman is a native of Monroe county, Penn- 
sylvania, and has been a resident of Hokendauqua for 
fifteen years. He is a prudent, honorable, vigorous man 
of business, and influential in mercantile, social and 
public aflFairs. 

R. A. MILLER, 

Hats, Caps, Boots, Shoes, Etc., 405 Front Street. 

Prominent among the retail business houses of Cat- 
asauqua is that of Mr. R. A. Miller, whose store is loca- 
ted at No. 405 Front street,where he carries an extensive 
stock of Hats, Caps, Straw Goods, Boots and Shoes. The 
store was established several years ago, and has been in 
the hands of the present proprietor since 1875. who has 
during the six-years, very greatly increased his facili- 
ties for supplying the goods desired by his customers. 
His stock of Hats and Caps, compri.se a full line of these 
goods, and including all the new an<l popular styles of 
Meu's and Boys headwear, every effort is made to keep 
the assortment up to a standard of excellence, and his 
intentions in this direction has met with the popular 
approval of the general public. 

Another department of the establishmeiit is devoted 
to the sale of Boots and Shoes, where he has for the in- 
pection of patrons an attractive variety of goods of this 
line in every style. A specialty is made of Ladies' fine 
Shoes. Mr. Miller is an active and enterprising gentle- 
man and deserving the success he has secured in giving 
to Catasaqua a first-class .-tore of the kind. 



GEORGE W. KEMEKER, 

General Store, Corner Ikon and Front 

Streets, Hokendavqua. 
The popular and well-known store of Mr. G. W. Kjm- 
erer, dealer iu Dry Goods,Groceries, etc., has been estab- 
lished since 1869. In 1878 the present proprietor suc- 
ceeded to the business, and is securing his full share of 



148 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHKill VATJ.EY. 



the patronage of the community. He carries a full 
stock, is cUisely attentive to business, and uniformly 
liberal in his dealing with his customers. Dry Goods 
form a prominent and very considerable proportion of 
the stock. These are always varied, seasonable and in- 
viting, and includes the freshest novelties in the way 
of Noti()ns,Glovcs, Hosiery and ladies' furnishing goods. 

The grocery department in the rear of the store is 
well stocked with the freshest goods, luxuries, as well 
as staples, being represented, together with provision 
of all kinds. 

Mr. Kemerer is a uative of Carbon county, and re- 
moved here three years ago. He is a pushing busine-ss 
man, and very popular with a large circle of customers 
in and around Hokendauqua. His store is the oldest 
stand in the villag'\ and is well-known throughout the 
entire community. 



JOSEPH TAYLOR, 

DuY Goods AND Grocertf.s, 173 Second Stkeet. 

That Mr. Taylor knows how to- cater to the man- 
ifold wants of tlie community is very evident from the 
varied and com|>k'tc stock of goods he exposes for sale 
at liis store. The store was estal)lishcd a number of 
years ago, and since Mr. Taylor's proprietorship has be- 
come very pojjular with a large class of the citizens of 
Catasauqua. He keeps a superior stock of goods, sell- 
ing them at a small margin above cost, on the cash 
principle. 

Dry Goods, Notions, House Furnishing Goods and 
housekeeping utensils, together with Groceries and 
Provisions, compose his stock. This he never allows to 
rundown or depreciate. He knows both how to buy 
and how to sell, he knows too, how to keep customers,, 
and treats them with such fairness and liberality thati 
they are constantly advertising his establishment. His; 
store is desirably located on .Second street, and convea 
lent to trade from both town and country. 




COPLSY AND STEMTON. 



SITUATED T^POISr OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE LEHIGH THE FOR"MEP THE LOCA- 
TION OF FURNACES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PKi IRON, AND 
THE LATTER OF EXTENSIVE CAR WORKS. 



COPLAY. 

This enterprising borougli is located about a 
half mile above Hokendauqna, on the same side 
of the river, and is four and a half miles west of 
AUentown and twenty-four miles east of Mauch 
Chunk. Upon the settlement of the town it was 
named Schreiber's. In 1859 the name was 
changed to Coplay, after the creek of that name 
that empties into the Lehigh river near Catasau- 
qua. The proper and original name for this 
stream is "Copeechan," which is an Indian word 
signifying "tha"t which runs evenly," or, "a fine 
running stream." 

The changing of the name from Schrieber's to 
Coplay, was deemed advisable, as the Lehigh Val- 
ley Railroad had given the station at this point 
the latter name, and the change was made there- 
with to avoid unnecessary trouble. 

The completion of the Lehigh Valley Rail- 
road f )uiid Coplay a village of very few houses 
and the location of but one completed enterprise, 
This was the extensive distillery of jNIr. Edward 
Schreibcr, who annually nuuiufactured some 
five thousand barrels of whiskey. The desirable 
situation for business here offered was soon occu- 
pied, by a company organized under the name of 
the Lehigh Valley Iron Company, and for the 
manufacture of pig-iron. The establishment of 
this concern necessitated the erection of numer- 
ous dwellings, and the town (now changed to 
Coplay,) began to make some growth. Each year 
improvements added to the town's popula- 
tion and in LSGO the village w£us incorporated as 
a borough. This enabled the citizens to add to 
the school facilities and otherwise make the 
borough a desirable place of residence. In 1870 
the census showed the pipulation to be 715, 
which, notwitlistanding the serious effects of the 
panic of 1873, had increased in 1880 to 900 in- 
habitants. 



The iron works are now the only manufactur- 
ing industry within the corporate limits, and oc- 
cupy a commanding site along the track of the 
railroad. A sketch of the company follows 
these pages, and will be read with interest, as the 
growthof this little b)roujh is du.> entirely to their 
establishment. 

A short distance above Coplay, upon the same 
side of the Lehigh, are situated the extensive 
works of the Coplay Cement Company, a view of 
which is given on page 115, as well as a full de- 
scription. These two coiicerns employ a greater 
portion of the residents of Coplay, and as they are 
both in prosperous condition, the growth of the 
borough is very promising. 

Coplay occupies an elevated plateau of ground 
to the west of the railroad, affording an oppor- 
tunity for thorough drainage and delightful 
views up and down the Lehigh. The schools are 
comlucted in a creditable manner, and in charge 
of competent instructors. A Reformed Church is 
the only one now in the town, and is a well 
built and attractive edifice. Five merc.mtile estab- 
lishments are here located, being amjde for sup- 
plying the population with the necessaries of every 
day life. 

The Lehigh Valley Railroad has made Coplay 
the western terminus of nearly all their local 
trains, and the communication with New York 
and Philadelphia, as well as intermediate points, 
is as frequent as any town in the Valley. This 
fact at no distant day will stimulate the growth 
of the borough by the location here of additional 
industries. 

Coplay is thesoutherantcruuuus of the Ironton 
Railroad Comjjany which extends to Ironton 
and Orefield. This road was constructed in 1860, 
the t>bject being for the transportation of iron ore 
and limestone to the large iron works along the 
Lehigh river. The production of iron ore and 



150 



RES01TR0E8 OV THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



liniesione along this road is iiniiionsc, 
and of the best quality. The entire 
length of the mad is ten miles, of broad 
j^auge, laid with iron rails, and has 
-eleven bridges. 

STEMTON. p 

This borough is situated on the " 
eastern bank of theriverat the mouth S 
of Hokendauqua creek, and directly i- 
opposite Coplay, with which there ^ 
is a connection by two bridges. It is ^ 
on the Lehigh and Susquehanna 2 
Division of the New Jersey Central 7^ 
Railroad, and six miles above Allen- ^^ 
town. The settlement for thirty years '"' 
or more was known asLaubachs, and 55 
upon the incorporation of that per- ^ 
tion lying below the creek into a bor- h 
ough in 1871, it was changed to Stem- S 
ton. ^ 

Henry, in his "History of the Le- ^ 
high Valley," gives the following in- W 
teresting facts : "There is in the p 
neighborhood of the Hokendauqua ^ 
creek a tract of country called the >t} 
'Indian Land;' this was atract of 6500 o 
acres, laid off by order of the pro- c 
prietaries in 1731, in order to make S 
'dn experiment in civilizing the In- o 
dians, a number of whom were in- g 
duced to settle on this land. The -_ 
Moravians, who had commenced their H 
Indian town, Gnadenhutten, about ^ 
lifteen miles further north, in 1746, "- 
co-operated with the proprietaries and J^ 
occasionally sent one of their Indian w 
exhorters to preach and instruct them; ^ 
this man's Indian name was 'Seim,' p 
and as some German as well as Irish "- 
families had located in the neighbor- "^ 
hood of this reservation, it appears "^ 
that this 'Seim' was so highly esteem- 
ed by them that in 1752. when they 
jjetitioned the court for the erec- 
tion of a township, they de- 
sired that it be named 'Seimsy townshii>, m 
honor of the Indian preacher. The country has 
been thus called for some years previous, and no 
doubt from the time when Seim, (whose Christ- 
ian name was Isaac) visited them, which was in 
the year 1746. The court however, named the 
county Lehigh.' The Indian reservation of 6,500 
acres was the only tract of land in the county 
that was not subject to the proprietary quit- 
rent of one half-penny per acre.' The land 
about the mouth of this creek was always a favor- 
ite place with the Indians, and early became a 
point of some notice as a place for trading pur- 
poses. The flour mill now standing was built in 







1787, and funned the nucleus of the present set- 
tlement. The town occupies an elevated plateau 
of land, and is well built, with neat residences of 
those engaged in the two industries here located. 

The establishment in 1867 of the present exten- 
sive car shops of the Lehigh Car Manufacturing 
Company, stimulated the growth of the town, 
which has now a population of 400. The cov- 
ered bridge that connects Stem ton with Coplay, 
was built in 1857, and that one in use by the rail- 
road company some years later. 

We append on the following page the leading 
industries of both Coplay and Stemton : 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



151 



iEHIGH CAR MANUFACTURING CO., 
Stkmtox. 

A careful examiimtion of the industries of the I-chigh 
Valley, reveals the fact thatmauy extensive enterprises 
«re carried on at points removed from the centres of 
population, which demand special attention at our 
hands, and will arouse the interests of the reader by 
Their magnitude, and the promiiionco they have 
achieved. Of such, the J^chigh Car Manufacturing 
Company, the character of its work, and the impetus 
which it has given to the general thrift of the communi- 
ty, becomes fit themes for reuuirk. 

The works of the Company are located in the borough 
of Semtoii, on the L. and S. division of the New Central 
Jtailroad, about six miles from Allentown, and are de- 
sirably situated upon an extensive tract of ground. — 
They were established in 1867 by Mr. George H. Stem, 
who is still actively engaged with the enterprise. The 
limited scale npon which the concern was first estab- 
lished is rather a matter of astonishment, in view of 
the extensive business that is now transacted. The 
plant, covers an area of about 15 acres, the main build- 
ing 60 by 310 feet, blacksmith shop, 50 by SO feet, gen- 
eral shop, 30 by 100 feet, together with other buildings 
in use as store shops for uutinished work and lumber. 
Here are employed two hundred and fifty men, the 
greater part of whom are skilled jnechanics, and to 
whom is monthly distributed a large sum in wages. 
The works are furnished with every modern appliance 
for the manufacture of their specialties, which include 
Box, Gondola, Coal, Ore Drift, or Mine Cars, of all kinds, 
and in every department the Company exercise the 
greatest care and vigilance to produce the best that is 
posible to manufacture. The capacity of the works 
for twelve hours is eight box or sixteen flat cars per day. 
iiud even this number does not fill the orders as prompt- 
ly as is desired. They are possessed of ample capital 
for condncting the concern, and have as complete 
works for the manufacture of cars of this kind as can 
be found in the country. A fine stock of lumber and 
other necessary materials are always kept on hand, in 
large quantity, and the work turned out is superior, no 
pains being spared to make every part perfect. 

The Lehigh Car Manufacturing Company was iueor- 
porated in 1S71, and purchased the works at that time, 
of their founder, Mr. Stem. The President of the Com. 
pany is Mr. H. H. Fisher, of Allentown, a gentleman 
favorably known throughout the entire Valley, not 
only in connection with this enterprise, but with sev- 
eral others, prominent among them being the Allen- 
town Pipe Works, which are owned entirely by him. 
Mr. B. E. Lehman, of Bethlehem, proprietor of the 
Brass Works at that place, is the Vice President ; C. W 
■Cooper, Cashier Allentown National Bank, is Treasurer", 
and Mr. Wm. G. Nagle, of Stemton, fills the responsible 
position of Superintendent. The company are well pre- 
pared to fill orders for their make of cars from any part 
of the country, and for reference to the quality of work 
done by them they are privileged to refer to the 
many railroads and mining companies that have their 
•cars in use. 



COPLAY IRON WORK>i, 

Con.AY Ikon Company, (I.imitkd), PROPRiKrons- 
In reviewing the iron interests, attention is directed 
to the well-known Coplay Works, now owned and con- 
trolled by the Coplay Iroi\ Company, and located in the 
Borough of Coplay, on tiie Lehigli Valley Railroad. 
These works were first opened in 1851 by Mr. Benjamin 
is. Levan, who continued their operation for many years, 
but owing to heavy pressures in the iron market lie sus- 
pended business, and in 187!) the Company as now con- 



stituted was organized. They are the owners of con- 
siderable property, upon whicli, beside the works, are 
situated a number of the dwellings of the workmen. 
They have in operation three stacks, and the works are 
furnished with all the necessary appliances for the 
manufacture of all grades of Pig Iron. Employing one 
hundred and forty men, they annually produce about 
30,000 tons of Pig Iron, which find a market throughout 
the entire country. They have also a number of engines 
of both the standard and narrow gauges, together with 
a large number of cars of various kinds. The greater 
part of the ore used by them is procured from their own 
mines at different points within ten miles of the works, 
and consists of a superior grade of the hematite ore. 
These mines are worked for them by contractors, who 
employ a large force of men. 

The Company is officered by the following gentlemen : 
Chairman, E. P. Wilbur, of Bethlehem, a well-known 
iron and coal operator; Secretary and Treasurer, Wm. 
II. Ainey, of Allentown, and Superintendent, V. W. 
Weaver, of Coi>lay, who personally has charge of the 
works. 



HOKENDAUQUA MILLS, 

Estate of Samuel Laubach, Prop'rs Stemton. 

The well-known "Hokendauqua Flour Mills" located 
at Stemtou, have been in existance for more than a 
century, they having been established in 1778, when 
that portion of the Valley was but sparely settled. — 
What is now known as the village of Stemtou, was 
formerly called " Laubach's," and had its origin from 
this mill, which formed the nucleus of the settlement. 
The structure is five stories in height, sixty by eighty 
feet in dimensions, and substantially built of stone. — 
Of course the interior has been considerably remodeled 
but the original walls are still standing, and contains 
the new and improved machinery in use for the man- 
ufacture of flour. The mill has five run of stone, four 
of which are engaged on flour, the quality of the pro- 
duction being recognized as having no superior in the 
Valley. The Hokendauqua creek, which empties into 
the Lehigh at this point, gives the mills their name and 
also furnishes the necessary power. There are employ- 
ed six hands, and the daily capacity is about sixty bar- 
rels, which finds a ready market in all portions of the 
Lehigh Valley. The mills are now owned by the estate 
of Mr. Samuel Laubach, who was the proprietor for a 
long period. Mr. A. D. Laubach has the operation of 
the mill under his charge, superintending the manufac- 
ture of all the flour. Mr. Edward H. Laubach represents 
the heirs, as agent, and the safe and enterprising man- 
ner in which this mill is now conducted, is not only 
creditable to himself, but a source of profit to the es- 
tate. 

Near the mill, and connected with it by telephone Is 
a large and handsome store belonging to the estate 
devoted to the general merchandise business, and un- 
der the efficient management of Mr. Peter J. Laubach, 
who also performs the duties of postmaster. The size, 
and quality of stock is such as to place this establish- 
ment above the grade of stores in towns of this size, and 
is an important aid to the comfort and convenience of 
the community. The store is S-ixOo feet, making it one 
of the best arranged country stores in the Valley, 
and is always well stocked with a carefully selected 
line of such goods as are only to be found in first-class 
stores, and comprises a general line of staple and Fancy 
Groceries, Dry Goods in great variety, Notions, Hats and 
Caps, Boots and Shoes, Hardware, China, Glass and 
Wooden-ware, the stock being always maintained at a 
common standard of excellence. The management 
reflects great credit upon Mr. Laubach. 



152 



llESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



W. F. LEVAN, 

Genlevi. Merchandise, Front Street, Copi.ay. 

One of the largest establishments in Coplay, and 
di)iug a representative business in general merchandise, 
is openiteil by Mr. W. F. Levau, and was established in 
1871 by the present propriet(jr. For nine years, and 
until April 1, 1881, the store remained in its original 
location, but at preseut is desirably situated ou the main 
street of the Borough, convenient for both town and 
country trade. The store is well filled with a stock of 
miscellaneous goods, such as Dry Goods, Groceries, 
Queensware, housefurnishing articles. Boots, Shoes, 
etc. The stock is large, and as the trade attached to 
the establishment is extensive, the goods are undergo- 
ing a continual removal, thereby keeping for the pa- 
trons a supply of fresh and new articles. The trade is 
not confined to the town but is extended over the sur- 
rounding country, the store having a reputation for 
superior goods. 

Mr. Levau is a native of Schuylkill county, but has 
been a resident of Coplay for many years, and is the 
present postma.ster of the Borough. He has ample cap- 
ital, and is a live, responsible man, thoroughly identi- 
fied with the welfare of the community to whose ad- 
vancement he has contributed very materially. 

His establishment evidences an enterprise seldom 
seen in towns of the size of Coplay, and gives promise 
of an extensive trade. 



LAURYS FLOUB MILL, 

J. R. SCHALL, PrOPKIETOR, LAURYS STATION, L. 

V. R. R. 
The most important industry located at Laurys is 
the well known Flouring Mill owned by Mr. J. R. 
Schall. In all the Lehigh Valley no mill is better 
known, or has a higher reputation for the quality of its 
product. The mill was established as long ago as about 
1838, and came into the hands of the preseut proprietor 
in 1861. At various times new improvements have been 
added to its facilities, and for several years the mill 
has been grinding the famous "New Process" Flour, 
but the march of improA'ement and ingenuity has in- 
vented an entirely new method of producing flour 
known as the "Roller" or "Gradual Reduction System." 
In the old process, with heavy mill-stones and their 
large surface, operating by friction, the wheat is reduc- 
ed by one violent tearing, nibbing, fretting action, into 
a mixed mass of flour, ofFal flour, and ofl'al wliich can 
never afterwards be entirely separated. In the new 
system the wheat is passed through a set of corrugated 
Chilled Iron Rolls, and is simply a process of gradual 
reduction from the wheat berry, to the finest patent 
flour. In the first break the berry is split along the 
crease and the germ separated, the next breaks serve to 
increase the granules and to detect them from the 
bran. After each of these operations the product is 
passed through a scalper or separating reel. The 
amount of flour produced in these first operations is 
very small, being only from eight to ten per centum of 
the whole, and is of a high (juality, strong, white and 
gritty. It is not killed on the rollers, because they do 
not come together as in other systems. After this the 
bran is treated on a flue creased roll, and the geini, 



I middlings and tailings, from the purifiers are passed to 
smooth and fine crossed roll-;. The final separations 
complete the operation, and we have the product of 
flour, middlings and bran. The red\iction of middlings 
to flour is then done on mil]st(jnes. The working of the 
rolls is regularand uniform, they are are capable of finer 
adjustment than mill-stones, and their work is better 
under control of the miller, and the danger of fire- 
from friction or dust ignition is reduced to a mini- 
mum, as they generate no heat. 

The mill is now being entirely remodeled to admit the 
introduction of the machinery neces.sary for this meth- 
od, and is discarding all the old machinery except such, 
as is used in purifiug the grain and separating the 
flour. Nothing of the old mill is to be left standing ex- 
cept the walls and the improvements, when completed 
will make the mill substantially new from the founda- 
tions. The capacity of the new machinery will be 2,000 
bushels per day, the flour being the finest possible qual- 
ity, better even than the former product, which stood 
.second to none. 

The power is furnished by a turbine wheel of one 
hundred horse-power, driven by water from the Lehigh, 
which furnishes and unfailing supply. The product 
of this mill has stood in such high favor that it finda 
a ready sale in all parts of the Valley, and the capacity- 
has never equalled the demand, ^\■ith new and improv- 
ed facilities the trade will be largely extended, and the 
supply greatly inci eased. 

Mr. Schall is to be congratulated in giving to the 
Lehigh Valley the first "Roller" flouring mill. He is a 
resident of AUentown, and is too Mcll known to the 
trade and in business circles to need any extended 
notice in this work. In the future as in the past, no 
pains will be spared to make the product of the mill 
worthy the reputation it has ,so firmly established. 

THE SLATINGTON PLANING MILL, 
John Balliet, Proprietor. 

Promieut among the industries outsideof the slate in- 
terests, is that of Mr. .John Balliet, proprietor of the 
Slatington Planiug Mill. It is located along the Lehigh 
Valley Railroad, in the eastern limits of Slatington, 
and consists of a large frame building, well supplied 
with new machinery of the best and most approved 
kinds. A number of hands are employed, all of them 
being skilled workmen, the whole being under the im- 
mediate supervision of James B. FoUweiler. 

He manufacturers Doors, Sashes, Blinds, Shutters, 
Mouldings, Cabinet Ware, and is prepared to flll con- 
tracts and orders of any size for these building supplies. 
Brackets of all kinds are manufactured, which include 
many unique and handsome designs of these orna- 
menls. 

Mr. Balliet deals extensively in all kinds of and sizes 
of Pine, Hemlock, Oak and Hard Wood Lumber, and 
carries a stock that makes the yard a desirable one for 
builders to visit. Orders by mail are promptly attended 
to, and his prices he guarantees to be as low as is con- 
sistent with good material and work. 

Mr. Balliet is an active citizen, and one that takes a 
prominent interest in the prosperity of the borough. He 
IN esteemed as a pleasant and atlable gentlemen, and 
possesses a host of friends. 



SLflTINGTON. 



THE IvrOST T^rrORTANT CENTRE FOR THE QUARRYINO OF PT.ATF T\ TTTE TOFXTRY, 

AND AN ACTIVE ]}OK0UGH DEVOTED EXCLUSIVELY To THIS ISKFLL i'llU- 

DUCTION A DESIRABLY SITUATED TOWN FOR BUSINESS. 



This active borough, and the great centre of the 
shite trade, is situated thirty-three miles above 
Easton, and two miles below the Lehigh Water 
Gap. That Slatington owes its origin and pro- 
gress to the slate business, in its various branches, 
is self-evident, and in giving its history there 
will be secured a resume of the rise of the slate 
interests of the valley. It will, therefore, be 
necessary to go back to the date when the first 
development in slate quarrying in this vicinity 
commenced, in order to start properly with a 
sketch of it.* 

•» THE FIRST SLATE QUAKRYING. 

The fii-st digging for slate began in this county 
(which was then Northampton) as early as the 
beginning of the present century. A num- 
ber of cajntalists were organized under a charter 
granted by the Legislature to open and work a 
slate quarry on the Delaware, below the Water 
Gap, as early as 1S05. The organization of 
this company no doubt stimulated others to new 
enterprises and further discoveries. 

After slate had been quarried along the Dela- 
ware for a number of years, it was thought it 
might be found further along the Blue Mountains, 
near the Lehigh Gap. Accordingly in lS44a few 
Welsh and Jersey men from near the Delaware 
Water Gap, emigrated to this vicinity, where 
they made the tirst opening on the east side of 
the Lehigh, near the jiresent quarries of the 
Heimbach Slate Comjiany. They al.so explored 
along Trout creek, and in 184.') oi)ened the first 
(piarry, situated on the hill near Welshtown. 

Previous to this date however, parties had 
operated in the Lehigh Valley, the lirst quar- 
ried being by a party of gentlemen from Balti- 

*We ai-e indebted to Mr. D. D. Jones, one of the found- 
ers of the town, for many fupts in connection with 
the history of the phice. 



more in 1828, near what was formerly known as 
the slate dam. In 1831 a portion of them dis- 
covered slate near the Lehigh Water Gap, and a 
quarry was opened and worked for several years, 
after which slate of abetter quality was elsewhere 
discovered, and the old opening was abandoned. 

OPERATIONS BEGAN AT SLATINGTON. 

In 184G the old Douglass quarry, near Mr. J. D. 
Emack's factory, was tirst opened for school slate. 
The mantel quarry, now owned by the Lehigh 
Slate Co., was opened in 1847. The Washington 
quarry, owned by the same company, was open- 
ed in 1848, also the Williamstown quarry, and 
some of the discoveries at Slatedale were made in 
the same year. The manufacture of school slate 
started in' 1846 in a small shanty on the creek. 
The slate was sawed into diflerent sizes, carted to 
Philadelphia, there shaved, framed, and finished 
for market. This modus operandi was soon 
found too expensive, so in 1849 a school slate fac- 
tory was erected on the north branch of Trout 
creek, the machinery used in Philadelphia being 
removed into this building, and for several years 
all the school slate made in this vicinity were 
finished here. Other quarries than tiiose already 
mentioned have been opened since the incor- 
poration of the town, some of which are in suc- 
cessful operation. Among these may be men- 
tioned the Pennlyn and Blue Vein in 1804, the 
Amerioan Slate Company in 18r..i, tlie Eagle, the- 
Girard, the Columl)ia Slate Company and others 

in 1867. 

The sturdy old Pennsylvania farmer settled 
here could not for several years realize that an 
enterprise of this kind could ever amount to any- 
thing. However, so long as the quarrynien 
paid them the royalty, they did not much object 
to the "holes" being dug into the hillsides, but 
would not sell their land at any price, even when 



154 



RESOURCES OF THE LEIIIGH VALLEY. 



wanted to erect dwellings for the workmen, 
believing that in a short time the works would be 
abandoned, the dwellings left standing as empty 
monuments, to be thereafter occupied only by 
some frightful "spooks," hence the first dwelling 
houses put up here were on leased ground, in 
such an out of the way place as Welshtown. A 
few years latter when their teams found constant 
employment carting slate to the canal, their sons 
and themselves working in these quarries, or 
"holes," as they were apt to term them, new 
ideas broke upon their vision, and they began to 
believe that something tangible would come out 
of this business after all. So about the year 1850 
some of the land owners were willing to sell, and 
the first puchase was made by Robert McDowell 
and others of about twenty-one acres. In this 
purchase of land was embraced the Washington 
and Bangor quarries, the lines extending east- 
ward across the creek, by what is now Church 
street, to the public road leading from Allentown 
to Mauch Chunk, and northward bv the main 
road from said Church street to the present Pres- 
byterian church. Upon this piece of ground was 
conceived the idea of erecting a town. The own- 
ers of this purchase were R. McDowell, Thomas 
Craig, Sr., Hon. James M. Porter, and afterwards 
D. D. Jones, who in 1851 purchased the entire 
half interest of R. McDowell in the slate business. 
This brings us to the starting point when the 
history of Slatington properly begins. 

ITS EARLY SETTLEMENT 

This settlement in its ealy day contained a saw- 
mill for cutting lumber, and we have it from 
the Pennsylvania archives that when the In- 
dians were troublesome north of here. Captain 
Benjamin Franklin, with a company of Colonial 
troops, stationed at "fort Allen" (now Weiss- 
port) came here in 1757 to buy lumber, with 
which to build the fort, from a man by the name 
of "Druekner Kern," no doubt the ancestor of 
some of the present Kerns. His given name not 
being mentioned in Franklin's report implies 
that he was better known by his nickname, which 
signifies in the Pennsylvania dialect, a wit, joker, 
or one "druekner hinder di ohren," (drj' behind 
the ears.) When building the dam across Trout 
creek for the mantel factory, in 1859, the old oak 
timbers were found imbeded in the creek in a 
good state of preservation, showing clearly the 
foundation to the "flutter wheel," which no 
doubt run the saw mill that cut the lumber for 
Captain Benjamin Franklin, one hundred and 
nineteen years ago. 

NAMING THE TOWN. 

As already stated the land was purchased in the 
fall of 1850, and that part fronting on the stage 
road laid out in town lots. The name first select- 
ed by R. McDowell was "Waverly." Tlieground 
having been sown with wlieat, possession was 
not given until after tlie wheat was cut, near 
August 1, 1851. As soon as the wheat was har- 



vested, stakes were driven for the first house, 
near the southwest corner of Dowell and Main 
streets. 

During the fall of that year three or four more 
houses were added, and the land began to ad- 
vance in price, some of the hill sides which had 
been thrown out of the tax list as valueless, 
brought from one to five hundred dollars per 
acre. , _ 

Previous to this date the nearest post office was 
at Craig's store, in the Lehigh Gap. Business 
having now so increased it was inconvenient to 
travel to the Gap for the mail, and as it was also 
evident that this place would grow to a town of 
importance, application was made to the Post 
Otfice Department at Washington for an office 
to be located at Waverly. Information was re- 
turned that inasmuch as there was one office by 
that name, another should be selected, as the 
Post Office Department could not duplicate 
names in the same State, hence originated the 
more appropriate name of Slatington, and D. D. 
Jones was appointed the first postmaster. The 
mails then passed through here daily from Phil- 
adelphia, arriving at ten o'clock, p. m., on its 
way to Mauch Chunk, and returning here at 2 
o'clock in the morning on its way back to the 
city. The total receipts for the first year were less 
than fifty dollars, half of which went to the gov- 
ernment and half to the postmaster for his ser- 
vices. The receipts of this office have since in- 
creased, so that the government pays the post- 
master an annual salary of one thousand dollars 
and makes it a Presidental appointment. 

From 1852 the production o^ slate gradually in- 
creased, notwithstanding the difficulties of get- 
ting it to market. Apart from the local home 
trade, the only facility was by the canal. During 
the summer slate was liauled across the river, 
there being no bridge by which to cross nearer 
than the old chain bridge at the Gap. When the 
river was too high to ford, they had to be teamed 
to the Gap dam, where the boats crossed to re- 
ceive the slate. School slate reached a market 
during boating season by the same facility, the 
balance of the year they had to be hauled from 
here twenty-seven miles to Hamburg, on the 
Reading Railroad, to Whitehouse station, the 
terminus of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, 
or as it occasionly happened, the entire distance 
to Philadelphia. 

OPENING OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY RAILROAD. 

In 1854 the Slatington Bridge Company was 
chartered, the bridge built, and in November 
opened to the public. In 1856 the Lehigh Val- 
lej'^ Railroad was first opened. The same year 
the hotel near the railroad depot was opened, 
one or more dwellings added, and the settlement 
called Liberty. Building lots up town were sold 
by adjoining land-owners at remunerative prices, 
and from this date the town grew rapidly. In 
1859 the mantel factory of the Lehigh Slate Co. 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



155 



was erected. Some of the largest machinery 
introduced was brouglit here from Vermont. A 
smaller building had been put up on the oppo- 
site side of the creek in 1852 by Jones & Co., 
■wherein the first mantels were made and finish- 
ed. Tlie property subsequently passed into pos- 
session of the Lehigh Slate Co., and the available 
machinery removed into the new factory, the 
old building taken down and turned into dwell- 
ings. In 18G2 the Riverside slate quarry was 
opened. In 1863 David Williams &Co. opened a 
qiiarry near the Lehigh river, and their school 
slate factory put up in 1865, which was destroyed 
by fire in 1874, and the present large and sub- 
stantial structure erected in its place in 1875. 

BOKOUGII INCORPORATION. 

We comenow — 1864 — to a point of special in- 
terest to the citizens of this important village. 
Conflicting interests manifested themselves in 
various ways. To harmonize those and to regu- 
late matters for tlieir mutual benefit, a charter 
was obtained in the County court in September, 
1864, and the town incorporated into a borough, 
called Slatington, embracing witliin its corpor- 
ate limits what was previously known as Kerns- 
port, below the county bridge, and Liberty, near 
the railroad depot. 

After the incorporation, the town made rapid 
strides, and soon grew into importance. As new 
quarries wrre opened in the immediate vicinity, 
population increased, and the business kept 
pace. The borough authorities made many im- 
provements in the condition of the streets, and 
the town rapidly became a most desirable place 
of residence. In 1858 the first survey was made 
by the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company for a 
branch road up Trout creek to Slatedale, and in 
1870 the same was opened for carrying slate from 
the several quarries which it j^asses to the main 
road. This was followed by the building of the 
Berks County Railroad from Reading to Frank- 
lin, where it connected with the Slatedale branch. 
This road is now leased and operated by the 
Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company. 

Slate operators had their difficulties to contend 
with in introducing their slate, especially when 
brought in contrast with Welsh and other slate, 
which it was contended was superior. It is true 
there was great difference in the quality of slate 
first quarried. The hard made the best roofing 
and the soft made the best school slate. When 
each kind was kept by itself the difficulty was 
lessened, and is now pretty well understood, if 
not (ntirely overcome, and a reputation here 
established for producing the best quality of slate 
offered in the market. Consequently there is a 
gradual increased demand for these products. It 
may be stated that instead of importing slate as 
heretofore, the country is now sending large 
quantities to foreign markets, and in a few years 
what is now only an experiment, will surely 
grow into a demand, increasing to double or tre- 



ble the present capacity of the quarries, and in- 
creasing also the growth of Slatington propor- 
tionately. 

6HIPMKNT OF SLATE. 

The Slatington region includes several ship- 
ping points, and in the tables given below of the 
production of the quarries, it has been necessary 
to consult the shii)ping books of the different 
railroad companies. These tables include tlie 
years 1879, 1880 and a portion of 1881, and are 
as follows. 

1879. 



rX) 



<^ c < ~= c ? -: 






-O-r; 



a 



'7.5 g 



;^ 



st&S 



O Ci -.1 re •£* I— ' 

03 0> to lO Cl 00 



;^ 



Roofing— Squares. 



School — Cases. 



Mantel— Cases. 



Blackboard— Cases. 



Cases. 



Cars. 



mI 


M 


1 Shaved Slate— Cars. 




SI 


cats 


1 Sawed Slate— Cars. 




SI 




1 Hearths— Cases. 




51 




1 Uejcisters- Cars. 








1880. 







C 

5 


5 2;^ re ? 2. 

Fill II 






a 


2! 




f» 


•< 




a r- 






S 




• 


C 


-'^(t 


n'-^ 


Z. p 




ir. 


w 






<ii 






r 




>^ 


o 
















o 
ft: 


■^ 










H. 












o 


oocoooc 


?" 


VQ- 


Roofing 


—Squares. 




s 




OOtOM 


g£Sy 










CO 






CO 


MOO 


School- 


-Cases. 
















Mantel- 


-Cases 














-J 














bS 














o> 








*-So 


Blackboard- Cases. 




^ 




)-' 












^ 








M 


Cases. 








<£> 




-J 




Kl 








T 


k 




M 




CnS 


Pieces. 






























CO 




^ 


Cars. 






op 


M 








I-" 










.V" 


1 






►^ 


Shaved 


Slatc- 


-Cars. 





l^ awed Slatt— Cars. 
|Tl earths— Cas es. 
I Pencil Slate— C'ars. 



156 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALEEY. 













1881* 








o 


C 
o 
c 

B 


Slatingto 

Walnutp 

Treichlei 

Stemsvil 

Bests, 

Lynnpor 

Tripoli,! 

Keniptoi 




5 
►3 
2 
5 

Q 










-^• 




S'' m'i ? 




o 

55 


o 

1^ 




-" 








25,7 
4.4 
3.4 
1,0 


Rooflng 


—Squares. 






















Ki 






b3 C 












00 










School- 


Cases 
























w 




























Man tel- 


-Cases 


. 




■hn 








tx3 










M 


























M 


Blackboard— Cases. 


















































Cases. 








r^c 






O 


03 








•^ 


= 






-^ 


Oi 


Pieces. 
































<I 






















Cars. 






cp 


00 








00 












I Sawed Slate— Cars, 
^'t-ncil Slate— Cars. 



The slate quarries are still in their infancy, 
compared with what they must be in years 
hence. The sliipments of slate to foreign ports 
has attained a large amount, in 1876, reaching 
80,730 squares ; 1877, 95,570 squares ; in 1878, 61,- 
610 squares ; in 1879, 45,430 ; and in 1880, 49,080. 
The apparent decrease in the exportations, is at- 
tributable to the greatly increased demand in our 
own country. 

SLATINGTON OF TO-DAY. 

An extended account has been given in the 
pages that precede this of the rise and progress of 
the slate business, that within less than a quarter 
of a century, has made this point a thrivingbor- 
ough. Slatington of to-day is an attractive town, 
the greater portion being built some little 
distance west of the Lehigh river, and upon ele- 
vated ground. In the immediate vicinity of 
the depot and all along the creek to the west of 
town, are numerous quarries. The main street 
from the railroad has a gradual rise, until one 
square beyond where it crosses the creek, wlien 
it becomes level, and lined on both sides with 
commodious stores, and neat and substantial 
dwellings. This thoroughfare is wide, well 
graded, and having good side walks of brick and 
slate. Although the town is almost entirely sur- 
rounded with quarries, it is the equal of any in 
cleanliness and the sanitary condition, through 
superior drainage and the wisdom of the authori- 
ties, cannot be excelled. A greater number of 
the slate operators reside within the borough 

*Up to third Monday in .June. 

fThc smaller shipping points make only annual 
returns, and are not included, therefore, in the table 
for 18S1. 



limits, and have erected on the prominent streets 
many handsome dwellings. The universal use 
of slate for rooting purjiose give a clean and neat 
appearance to the buildings, and forming an at- 
tractive contrast to the brick or frame of which 
they are constructed. 

CHUKCIIES AND SCHOOLS. 

The Welsh Calvanistic were the first to errect a 
house of worship in 1851, a year following the 
town's settlement. In the same year the Presby- 
terians organized, and the year following built a 
church wherein they worshiped until 1875, 
when it was removed and the present handsome 
edifice erected in its place. The Bethel Church 
was erected in 1859. The Lutheran and Re- 
formed in 1869. The Methodist Episcopal in 
18G9, and the Evangelical in 1870. These build- 
ings are nearly all architectural adornments 
and add no little to the general appearance of 
the borough. 

The public schools have greatly increased their 
proficiency the past few years, and now occupy 
handsome buildings, in every respect adapted to 
the purpose. The borough emjjloys the best 
talent for the education of youth, and have their 
schools graded into primary, advanced primary, 
secondary, grammar and high school depart- 
ments. 

The town is favored with quite a number 
of charitable and secret organizations, doing 
much good in various ways to the community. 
A National bank occupies a prominent building 
upon the main street, and is officered by trust- 
worthy gentlemen, who exercise every precaution 
to protect the interests of those doing business 
with the institution. 

Slatington contains a number of hotels, the 
greater part of them being conducted in a very 
thorough manner, and for the comfort and con- 
venience of the traveling public. 

The Slatington News, published in the borough, 
is now the recognized organ of the slate trade, 
and is conducted to promote the interests of this 
portion of the population, at the same time 
becoming an important factor in the promotion 
of the borough's advancement. It was estab- 
lished September, 1868, and since that time has 
passed through the proprietorship of several dif- 
ferent parties. 

RAILROADS. 

The railroad facilities of the town are excellent, 
the Lehigh Valley road occupying the same side 
of the river, while the Lehigh and Susquehanna 
is located on the opposite side. These two roads 
have given to Slatizigton many advantages for 
the shipment of the product of their quarries, as 
well as frequent communication with all points 
in the valley, and other portions of the country. 
The Berks countj'^ railroad extending from the Le- 
high river to Reading, gives Slatington access to 
the many towns located in Berks county, and 
the Schuylkill valley. These roads enable the 



RESOURCES OF THE LEIIlfill VALLEY. 



157 



slate operators to ship tlic productions of the 
<iuarries to any point in this country, as well as 
to the docks of the foreign steamships. Since the 
advent of railroads, the canal has not freighted 
much slate, but if desired it gives a very desirable 
jihipping medium. 

Though the slate interests attracts the attention 
of a greater part of the inhabitants of the town, 
it does not exclusively, there being other enter- 
prises, among them being a planing mill, iron 
foundry and machine shop, flour mill, carriage 
works, and nninerous mercantile houses. 

The population of the town is about three 
thousand, the slate region of which it is the cen- 
tre representing several thousand in addition. 

LEHIGH W.VTER GAP. 

The Lehigh river at this point is crossed by a 
covered bridge, and from this there is obtained 
.a grand view of the Lehigh Water Gap, less than 
two miles distant. This Gap is so named from 
the river Lehigh, which steals its way through 
the Kittatinny or Blue Mountains, which is the 
dividing line between Carbon county and that of 
Northampton and Lehigh counties. The moun- 
tain range extends for many miles, both to the 
right and to the left, and presents the first moun- 
tain view'in the valley, the other mountains be- 
tween this point and Easton, noticed in traveling 
west, may be considered as only hills in compari- 
son to the Blue Ridge. The Gap, prominently 
walled on both sides, forms a sublime object of 
admiration, and presents to the observant specta- 
tor one of the most i icturcsque prospects in Penn- 
sylvania. The view from the heights amply re- 
-wards the traveler for his exertion, and though 



secured by climbing from rock to rock and up 
steep declivities. At a distance, an extensive 
country variagated with roads and farms, water- 
ed by the wandering Lehigh and its tributaries, 
and ridge retiring behind ridge till lost in the 
fiiint tints of the horison, all burst upon the 
sight, and fill the mind with sublime ideas of the 
greatness of the Creator. 

WALNUTPORT. 

On the opposite side of the Lehigh is located 
the village of Walnutport, now a thriving settle- 
ment. It is connected with Slatington by a 
covered bridge, and like its neighbor owes its 
growth to ^ the development of slate (luarries in 
the immediate vicinity. The Lehigh and Susque- 
hanna -Railroad pa.ss through the village, and 
have at this puint a very neat station building. 
The population of the place is about two hun- 
hundred. 

The articles that follows represent the leading 
slate operators and mercantile houses of Slating- 
ton, Walnutport and vicinity. The slate quar- 
ries have all been personally visited by one of 
the staff, and the facts contained will be found to 
be accordance with the condition of the quar- 
ries and the advantage they each possess for the 
production of first-class material. This region 
undoubtedly possesses the finest veins of slate to be 
found in our country, and as the operators more 
fully develop the resources of the respective 
properties, Slatington will grow in wealth and 
population. The publishers of this work have 
no hesitancy in recommending thesegentlemen to 
the consideration of those desirous of purchasing 
slate in any of its many forms of useful Iness. 



DAVID WILLIAMS, 

Manufactuker of School, Blackboards, Man- 
tels, KooFiNG, Flagging Slate, Office, Opposite 
L. V. R. R. Depot. 
The well known Slatington region is more generally 
interested in Slate production than any other commu- 
nity in the world, and the tinest Slate now in use once 
rested in the quarries that here about abound. 

In reviewing these seperate interests, we note Mr 
David ^Villialus, who has been counceted with the pro. 
duction iu this section almost since the very beginning 
of its importance. He opened his first quarry, located 
along the Lehigh Valley Railroad, in the borough of 
Slatington, iu 1S6.'), and at once began to develop a su- 
perior strata of slate. This quarry property includes a 
tract of laud of fourteen acres, and the slate is practi- 
cally iucxhauslilile. He is also proprietor of a quarry 
in Norlhanipton county, in which he has ninety-eight 
acres of laud, that he recently purchased for a very 
lar"-e sum in cash. By experts, this is claimed to con- 
tain the finest metal to be found in the whole Slate 
region, the color boing a uniform dark blue and work- 
ing up in the most beautiful maimer. 

Although Mr. Williams is an extensive quarryman of 
Slate, it forms but a per cent, of his business, he being 
engaged in mauufncturing School, and Roofing Slate, 
Blackboard, Mantels, Flagging, Floor Tiles, Hearths, 
Cemetery Slabs, Copings, etc., all from the excellent 
.quality of Slate produced at his own quarries. The 



School Slate factory is a two-story frame buiUhng, eighty 
by forty feet in dimensions, thoroughly equiped with 
the many improved appliances for rapidly manufactur- 
ing these useful articles. The building devoted to the 
manufacture of the other .specialties, is iu dimensions 
thirty ijy forty feet, two-stories in height, and, like the 
other, thoroughly equiped with machinery. To enter 
into details of the process of manufacture would prove 
of the greatest interest, but the space forbids, and the 
general ground is but partially covered. 

The productions of Mr. Williams' industries reach an- 
nually 3,000 squares of Roofing Slate,ovcr 1 ,(XK),000 School 
Slate," 25,000 feet of Blackboards and Mantels, besides a 
considerable quantity of Flagging, Floor Tiles, Slabs, 
etc., and he employs one hundred liauds. The trade is 
not confined to the United States, but reaches the world 
over, he having recently shipped a large consignment 
to Australia and Liberia, in Africa. 

Mr. Williams is a native of Wales, and has been a 
resident of this county for forty years, the greater part 
of the time interested in the Slate business. He con- 
ducts his extensive enterprise from his ofliee which is 
located opposite the depot of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, 
in Slatington, Thoroughly familiar with the business 
in which he is engaged, and taking an active part iu all 
its details, he is prepared to compete with any in otler- 
ing substantial advantages to the trade, and is highly 
esteemed as being prompt, reliable and 1 ! eral iu all his 
operations. Few men iu the valley are more widely 
known or more generally respected. 



158 



RESOURCES OF THE LEIIKJII VALTJ':Y. 



THE BLUE VEIN SLATE COMPANY, 

Manufactureusof Roofing and School Slates. 

In the Slatington slate regions there are at least 
twenty-five quarries in active operation, and a number 
of others that are not worked at the present time. The 
greater part of these are either in the borough limits or 
in the immediate proximity, and form, as before stated, 
the greatest slate centre in the country. One of the 
largest companies engaged in the business here is 
known as the Blue Vein Slate Company, who own very 
extensive quarries and works, about one-eiglith of a 
mile from the town, and immediately on the Berks 
County Railroad. 

The quarries are very nearly triangular in shape, being 
about three hundred feet across two sides and four 
hundred feet the other way. Already it has been 
worked to a depth of seventy feet from the surftice, or 
about one hundred feet from the top of the waste pile, 
that so prominently marks these quarries from a dis- 
tance. It was first opened about twelve years ago, and 
until quite recently all the slate quarried was exclu- 
sively used for roofing. At the present time the Com- 
pany have this department of their enterprise worked 
by contractors, who employ a large force of men in 
bringing the Slate to the surface, where it is delivered 
to the Company. 

In July, 187l^», the Company began the manufacture of 
School Slates, having erected at the quarries very exten- 
sive buildings for this purpose. The works have an 
engine of twenty-five horse power, and are equiped 
witli the finest machinery for the purpose that could be 
secured. Here every part of the frame is made in the 
most ingenious manner, and with such rapidity that 
each takes but a moment of time. The slate, after being 
split is sawed into proper sizes, and then smoothed by 
hand. This operation of itself seems a marvel of per- 
fection, and from there it is transferred to the manu- 
factory, where it passes through several processes and 
is soon a finished school slate. In this department there 
are employed about seventy-five bauds, and the annual 
production exceeds two millions. While the trade 
reaches all the business centres of the United States, it 
also extends to foreign countries, and the Company 
have quite recently filled an order of two thousand 
cases for a firm in Scotland. They make a specialty of 
the round Corner Slates, and confine themselves almost 
exclusively to this kind, which have become very pop- 
ular wherever introduced. 

The President of the Company is Mr. M. H. Horn, of 
Catasauqua, the well-known cashier of the National 
Bank at that place. Mr. W. H. Horn fills the responsible 
position of Superindendent, while Mr. A. B. Cartwright, 
(who is with a single exception the oldest engaged in 
the slate business in this vicinity, having been con- 
nected with it in various capacities for thirty -one years), 
is foreman of the School Slate department. 

The gentlemen forming the Blue Vein Slate Company 
have done much to advance the general interests of the 
entire Valley. 



CASKIE & EMACK, 

Roofing and School Slate, P. 0. Slatington. 

The scene of activity presented in the operation of the 
quarries of this firm, is one suggestive of the enterprise 
displayed all through the slate regions. 

These quarries were first opened in 1853 by Gable & 
Bemimger, who worked them until succeeded by the 
Heimbach Slate Mining Company about fifteen years 
ago. They in turn were succeeded in 1876 by the pres- 
ent proprietors, who have infused a life into the busi- 
ness which is telling in every department of its opera- 
tion. 

The quality of the slate is the equal of the best in the 



region. Tlie plant of the works consists of numerous 
and extensive buildings devoted to the various depart- 
ments of the business, in this respect bears evidence of 
a large amount of work. The firm occupies twenty- 
three acres of land about one mile from Slatington, in 
Northampton county, produce 7,000 squares Roofing 
Slate, and 10,000 cases of School Slate (averaging here 
150 to the case) annually; employ a large number of 
men and boys and disburse a large amount of money in 
wages. Their Slate is of the well known Dark Blue, 
and possesses all the characteristics of the best Slate in 
the market. 

They also manufacture their own Slate Frames.whicb 
are made from cherry, and exercise the greatest care in 
this specialty of their business. They find a market for 
all they can produce throughout the United States, and 
in many points in foreign countries. Their most recent 
shipment abroad, was a large order to Bomb'ay, India. 
The firm is a particularly agreeable one with which to 
do business and oflfers terms the equal of any engaged 
in the business. 

Samuel Caskie is a native of the North of Ireland, 
and came to this country at the age of nineteen. He is 
thoroughly practical in all the details of his work. 

John D. Emack is a native of Prince George county, 
Maryland, and by profession a civil engineer. His con- 
nection with the Slate business dates back six years, 
and his active and earnest participation in his work has 
made him thoroughly familiar with all its details. They 
are both gentlemen of sound business qualities. 

THE BLUE MOUNTAIN SLATE QUARRY, 

Krum & MosEK, Prop'rs, Willi amstown, Post 
Office Address, Slatington. 

Mention the name of Slatington, and visions of quar- 
ries, mountains of waste, and numerous manufactories, 
and all that appertains to or is involved in Slate and its 
products, will rise before the mind. The capital in- 
volved is exceedingly large, and the annual produc- 
tions exceed that of any locality in the United States. 
Among the prominent firms, is tliat of Messrs. Krum & 
Moser, who own and work the well-known Blue 
Mountain Quarry, located at Williamstovvn, a village 
.situated about three-quarters of a mile from the borough 
of Slatington. These quarries were opened about 
thirty-five or forty years ago, and have been under the 
proprietorship of the present firm for many years, w ho 
conduct the business with considerable enterprise. 
The opening is six hundred feet in length and about 
one hundred in breadth, with adeptliof about one hun- 
dred, from which they are now quarrying a very supe- 
rior quality of Roofing Slate,of uniform dark blue color, 
and such as to guarantee the firm in warranting it not 
to fade. This vein of Slate has been marketed for the 
past thirty-five years, and has always sustained its rep- 
utation as a superior article. In the various depart- 
ments of quarrying, manufacturing Roofing Slate, etc., 
there are employed about sixty hands, and the annual 
production reaches 8,000 squares. The demand for the 
Roofing Slate keeps the firm working the quarry a.t the 
full capacity, and yet, the stock on hand does not reach 
as large an amount as is desired. It has been shipped 
to all parts of the country, and has made for the Blue 
Mountain Quarry a reputation that is not exceeded by 
any in the region. 

The firm are proprietors of a large general store at 
Williamstown, which serves as an ipiportant factor in 
supplying the community with the necessaries of life. 
Here is the office, but the post office address is at Slat- 
ington, to which all orders should be directed. 

The individual members of the firm, are Messrs. W. 
P. Krum, and W. K. Moser, the former a resident of 



REROTTRCKS OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



15& 



Williatustown, and the general director of the business, 
the junior residing at Stemsville. Both of these gentle- 
man thoroughly understand the Plate trade, and oc- 
cupy a leading position among the producers in the 
Slatiugton region. 

J. C. MACK, 

Stoves, House Furnishing Goods, Hardware, 
Etc., Corner Main and Dowei.l Streets. 

This gentleman has been connected with this line 
of trade in Slatington since 1864 and is recognized as 
one of the reliable and prompt business man of the 
pTace. lie is a manufacturer of Tin-ware of all kinds 
and deals in Stoves, Heaters, Ranges, Hardware, Locks, 
Nails, Cutlery of both Foreign and Domestic manufac- 
ture, and House Furnishing goods, and supplies the de- 
mand of an cvtended region of country around Slating- 
ton. 

In 1869 Mr. Mack erected the large building on the 
corner of Main and Dowell streets, in which he is now 
located, having a store in dimensions 20 by 70 feet, in 
which he has stock neatly and carefully arranged for 
the examination and inspection by customers. A num- 
ber of assistants and workmen are employed by him 
and a heavy annual trade conducted. 

He is a native of Northampton county and is highly 
esteemed as a merchant and a citizen. Possessing am- 
ple facilities, his store has rapidiy built up a large trade, 
which makes it one of the leading establishments en- 
gaged in the mercantile trade in the community. 

THE COLUMBIA SLATE QUARRY, 

Dk. a. p. Steckel, Proprietor, Office Upper 
Main Street. 

It is not for us to determine which quarry produces 
the finest texture of slate, or which has the greatest sale, 
but when merit in this direction is decidedly the prop- 
erty of a particular one, the fact should be noted. In 
the slate business, one of the most striking features in 
quarrying the stone, (or metal), is that two quarries ly- 
ing immediately adjacent to one another, and procuring 
their slate from adjoining veins, very rarely bring to 
the surface the same quality of slate, the one being 
probably harder, while the other may be of deeper color, 
and softer, and particularly adapted to school pur- 
poses. 

A well-known enterprise In this interest is the Co- 
lumbia Slate Quarry, located in the western outskirts of 
the borough, and owned and worked by Dr. A. P. 
Steckel. This quarry appears to have been located upon 
one of the best roofing slate veins in the region, and its 
production is peculiarly adapted for this purpose. Being 
of dark blue color, permanent in every respect, and of 
the right te.xture, it has won its way to popularity and 
large sale, and is now one of the most desirable slates 
marketed from Slatington. 

The quarry was opened in 1868 by the Columbia Slate 
Company, who continued its management until suc- 
ceeded by the present individual proprietor. During 
itsearly history it was not worked to its full possibil- 
ities, but sought rather to firmly establish its slate in 
the market. This has been accomplished, and the pro- 
duction at the present time reaches six thousand 
squares of roofing slate per annum, employing in the 
various departments, as quarrymen, slaters, etc., about 
forty men. Dr Steckel proposes to increase his facil- 
ities, so that the ensuing year will show nearly twice 
the production. An engine of fifty-horse affords ample 
power for the necessary machinery, and keeping it free 
from water, the latter forming a very important adjunct 
to successful quarrying. 



The roofing Slate here manufactured finds its way to 
all parts of this country and across the ocean to Europe, 
many large orders having recently been shipped. 

The enterprising proprietor. Dr. A. P. Steckel, ha.s 
been a resident of Slatington for many year% and is 
recognized as one of its most honorable citizens. By 
profession he is a physician, but was compelled to relin- 
quish the greater part of his practice to attend the ab- 
sorbing duties incident to an extensive slate business. 

PHAON A. SEMMEL, 

Manufacturer of Carriages of all Kinds, 
Lower Main Street. 

The borough of Slatington is one of the most enter- 
prising of its size in the Lehigh Valley, and has a name 
more generally known in foreign countries than the 
cities of much greater population. This, of course, 
comos from the extensive slate interests, which does 
not, however, include all the enterprise that is centere<l 
here, as there are a number of other industries, prom- 
inent among them being the manufacture of carriages. 

The oldest established stand is the one occupied by 
Mr. Phaon A. Semmel, which was first opened by Sem- 
mel & Knecht, about fourteen years ago. The works 
are desirably situated on Lower Main Street, where 
they occupy a two-story stone building, with basement 
and necessarj' out buildings. These are equlped with 
the modem appliances for the manufacture of carriages 
of all kinds, in the most satisfactory manner. About 
the works are employed ten hands, all of whom are 
men of experience in this particular trade. Mr. Sem- 
mel does not confine himself to any particular style of 
carriages, but builds to order all kinds, including 
double-seated Carryall, Buggies, Phaetons, Doctor's Gigs, 
Back-Board Wagons, and light vehicles for delivery 
and business purposes. These are all constructed of 
the best material and put together in a maimer reflect- 
ing credit upon all engaged in their maimfacture. That 
they are all that is claimed for them is attested by the 
large number that are annually built, and each year 
the business is growing to more satisfiictory proportions. 

Mr. Semmel is a native of Slatington, and an active 
and Industriouscitizen. His experience in his particular 
line of business enables him to meet the wants of the 
public, and his reputation is rapidly securing him a 
fine class of custom. 



SLATINGTON MILL, 

A. J. Kern, Wholesale and Retail Dealer i.s 

Flour, Feed and Grain. 
The mill occupied by Mr. A. J. Kern is one of ih»^ 
oldest in the vicinity of Slatington, the business being 
established at this location in ISoO, at which time the 
mill was erected. It is a large stone structure five 
stories in height, supplied with the latest Improved ma- 
chinery for producing a superior grade of flour, and 
having three run of stone. The flour here manufac- 
tured has a standard reputation for whiteness and ex- 
cellence, and wherever used recommends itself. This 
important fact has increased the trade to the full capa- 
city of the mill— about seventy-five hundred weight 
per day, the greater part of which is consumed by the 
local demand. The mill has in use two turbine water 
wheels of twenty-fourand fifteen inches, which gives 
an abvmdant power for all purposes. 

Mr. Kern Is a native of Slatington, and {or the greater 
part of his life has been engaged in business within its 
limits. He is a practical miller, thoroughly understand- 
ing the manufacture of flour in its every detail and 
gives to his mill au experience that enables hlni to suc- 
cessfully compete with others in this particular branch. 



\m 



RESOURCES OP THE I.EHIGH VALLEY. 



JOEL NEFF, 

Mani'i-acturer OF THE Washinoton Vein Rook- 
ing Si,ATi;. 

It has been within the past quarter of a century that 
we have seen the growth and importance of the shvte 
trade. Within the memory of the present generation, 
its use has become general, and the demand has not 
■ only developed tlie first discovered sections, but brought 
to light many more. Its use has now become varied, 
and it is found in the substantial roof; iu every school 
room, as both blackboards and slates; adorning the in- 
terior as mantels, and exteriors as walks and flagging ; 
it even forms tlie part of luxuries of life, iu the shape 
of billiard tables, foundations, and scores of other uses. 
As before stated, the bulk of all slates used is derived 
from the Slatingt(m regions, an extent of country lying 
adjacent to tlie borough of that name. The slate here 
quarried is one color,the only diversion being the difl'er- 
ent shades, there being none of the lighter colors here 
as are found in some portions of the State of Vermont. 

Among the prominent operators of the Slatington 
region is IMr. Joel Neft', who now controlls by terms of 
lease, the well-known Washington and American, No. 
2 quarries, both of them being located immediately upon 
the outskirts of the borough. The former is one of the 
oldest now in operation, having been first opened about 
thirty years ago, while the latter is comparatively of 
recent date, being first worked about nine years ago. 

These quarries came under the control of Mr. Netf 
quite recently, and he has been engaged iu putting 
them in proper working order, by making many im- 
provements and otherwise adding to the facilities. 
When both are in active operation, he will manufacture 
about ten thousand squares of rooting slate per annum, 
and employ about eighty hands. This amount of pro- 
duction places him among the largest operators iu the 
community, and his quality of slate as equalling the 
best. He particidarly guarantees the roofing slate to be 
of superior color, and firm in retaining the shade of 
dark blue. For a period of thirty years the Washington 
Vein slate has been upon the market, and its merits in 
every respect have been thoroughly tested, proving by 
long use its adaptability for roofing purposes. 

Mr. Neft" is also the proprietor of a general store on 
Upper Main Sti'eet, and controls a very desirable trade. 
He is an active and enterprising citizen of the borough, 
and one that has done much to materially enhance its 
prosperity. 



T. F. SCHIFFERT, 

Manufactukf.r of Harness, Upper Main 

Street. 
The oldest house in Slatington devoted to the mauti- 
facture and sale of harness, is that of Mr. T. F. SchifTert, 
which was established a number of years ago. In 1876 
it came into the possession of the present proprietor, 
who has by careful attention to the wants of customers 
and furnishing only first-class and reliable goods, at low 
prices, largely increased the trade. He always carries 
a full and complete stockof all kindsof lightand heavy 
harness, which is made by hand under his own imme- 
diate supervision. None but the best materials are used 
and the workmanship guaranteed. The stock al.so em- 
braces Saddles, Wliii)s, Collars, together with a full line 
of Trunks, Traveling Hags, horse clothlng,such as Covers, 
Nets, Blankets, Brushes, Combs, Sponges, Boots, and iu 
short everything requisite connected with this special 
line of trade. I'arlicular attention is paid to the repair- 
ing of Harness, promptness iu this department being a 
feature of the house. His store has a double front, giv- 
ing ample facilities for the business. Mr. Schift'ert is a 
practical and competent harness maker, who guarantees 
to give satisfaction to all. 



WILLIAM H. SEIBERT, 

Miner and Manufacturer of Roofing and 
School Slate, Mantels, Blackboards, Etc., 
Office Corner Main and Church Streets. 

Prominent among the operators in this region will be 
found Mr. William H. Seibert, who is engaged in both 
mining and mauufacturing, and conducts a very exten- 
sive industry. He is the proprietor of two quarries, 
Peunlyn and Tunnel, the former being the largest and 
now in more active operation. This has been opened 
for many years, and was leased by Mr. Seibert some 
two years ago. He has now reached a very supeiior 
vein of slate of rich dark blue color, combining in the 
various layers slate suitable for any purpose. It has 
long stood the test of exposure, and is fully warranted 
to retain its color for all time and through any changes. 
At this quarry there are employed about f'oity men and 
an engine of twenty-five horse power. The Tunnel 
quarry ,owing to some accidents from caving and water, 
has not been worked to its full capacity, and at present 
employs about fifteen men. 

The main feature of Mr. Seibert's business is the man- 
ufacturing department, iu which he manufactures 
Rooting Slate, School State, Blackboards, Mantels, Flag- 
ging, Floor Tiles, Hearths, etc. He occupies the well- 
known mantel factory of the old Lehigh Slate Com- 
pany, one of the first established in the vicinity. This 
building is equiped with every mechanical appliance 
for the production of his specialties, and the articles 
here manufactured have a standard reputation through- 
out the country. The factory is supplied with both 
steam and water power, the former being an engine of 
twenty horse, and employing about ten hands. 

Mr. Seibert is also the proprietor of a large general 
store, in which he carries a stock of goods of very ex- 
tended variety. It is situated at the corner of upper 
Main and Church streets, and is also the location of the 
office of the works. 

Mr. Seibert was born in Lehigh county, and has 
been a resident of Slatington for about fifteen years. — 
He is a thorough-going, business man, attends closely 
to his avocation, and has won the respect of the com" 
munity by his deportment and reliable business transac- 
tions. 

EDWARD McCONOCIlIE, 

Foundry and M.\(_iiine Shop, Lower Slating- 
ton. 
While the importance of Slatington centres around 
the Slate trade, it is nevertheless the location of a num- 
ber of other industries,prominent among these oeiug the 
Foundry and Machine Shops of Mr. McConochie located 
on Lower Main street, Mr. McConochie has been 
established in this business since 1877, during which 
period he has been operating it to his own advantage 
and that of a large number of patrons with whom his 
work is iu continual request. His trade has so much 
increased that he has in contemplation the erection of 
large works, iu which he will place, in addition to the 
machinery in the present one, all the modern appli- 
ances for his particular specialties. The works now 
occupied are well equiped and he is fully prepared to 
do any and all kindsof Foundry and Jilachiue work, 
including the manufacture of castings of various kinds. 
He makes a specialty of quarry and slate tools, and has 
machinery peculiarly, adaped for producing work of 
this nature. The works have an engine of twelve 
horse power, and sufficient water power during the 
greater part of the year. 

A practical, skillful mechanic and machinist, thor- 
oughly trained in all the branches of his vocation, he is 
prepared to do all kinds of work pertaiuing to his trade 
promptly, and at the most reasonable rates. With 



RESOl'RCES OF THK LKHKJH VALLEY. 



161 



ready moans at his disposal, lie pays cash for nil his 
material, employs six to ten hands.and is himself an in- 
dustrious, assidoTis workman, who f^ives personal at- 
tention toevery branch of the husine>s. Mr. McConochie 
is d native of Scotland, and has been a residcut of Slat- 
ington for twelve years. 



.M. M. HUE. 

Mkk( if.\NT Tailoring and Ready-made Cloth- 
ing, Upff.k Main Stkkkt. 

Among Slatington's retail establishments the store 
■occupied by Mr. M. M. Rice occupies a position second 
to no other house in this line in the town. Established 
iu 1867, it has rapidly w'on its way to favor and patron- 
age until it is now one of the most conspicious as well 
as one of the mo.st widely-known in the clothing line. 
Occupying a building of twenty feet front with a depth 
of sixty, it pi >sscs.>!es every advantage for a fine display 
of goods, as- well as the carrying of an unusually large 
stock. The ready-made clothing department is furn- 
ished with an extensive variety of Men's, Youths' and 
Boys Wear, together with a tine assortment of Gentle- 
aien's Furnishing Goods. 

A .specialty is niadeof the Merchant Tailoring depart- 
ment, in which will be found a full line of business and 
■dress suitings, which are made up iuto single garments 
or full suits iu the most fashionable manner, and guar- 
anteed to tit. The trade is so large that it requires seven 
to ten experieuced hands to manufacture clothing for 
its patrons. The store occupies one of the most desir- 
able situations in the town, iu the centre of business 
and next to the postotiice. , 

Mr. Rice has been a resident of Piatington for many 
years, and is very justly esteemed as oue of the most ac. 
',ive and enterprising eiti^^ens. He is thoroughly con- 
vei'saut with every department, and knows exactly, by 
"jjiig experience, the requirements of the public, and the 
•Auuts of the trade generally. 

3ENJAMIN KKK.X, 

Genkkal Merchandise, Lower Main Street. 

Among the retail establishments that exercise an iu- 
^uence upon the trade of Slatington is that of Mr. B. 
Kern, dealer iu Dry Goods and Groceries, located on 
Lower Main street. The store here occupied is iu di. 
inen.sions 19x30 feet, and is well stocked with his spe- 
cialty of goods. In Dry Goods will be found a full line 
of>staple and fancy articles, both foreign and domestic, 
Muslins, Flannel, ralicoes, Ginghams, Liuens.etc., while 
Che department devoted to the sale of notions is uu- 
u.sually well slocked with these goods, and embraces 
^he numerous articles that are classed under this head. 
Particular attention is given to the Grocery department, 
•vhich contains a full variety of staple and fancy 
goods, such as Teas, Coffees, Spices, Sugars, Canned 
Goods and condiments of all kinds. 

Mr. Kern established the present store among the first 
in the town, and probably has been engaged in the 
mercantile business longer than any otlier resident of 
.?latiugton. He was for nuuiy years engaged in the slate 
trade, and at the present lime owns four quarries, of 
which only oue is being worked. 



MORRIS M. HUFF, 

Harness, 203 Lower Main Street. 
Among the business enterprises recently started in 
'^iatington, thatof >tr. .Morris M. Huft'is well worthy of 
[latronage. lie opened his store during the piesent year, 
nud rapidly secured for himsclfa very desirable patron- 
age among the best class of citizens. His store is well 
stocked with a fine line of Harness, including those for 
single or double use. and mainifacturc<l of tiie best ina- 
nerial by thoroughly experienced workmen. He has 
11 



thcNc mounted iu either gold, silver or nickel, as well 
as the popular and serviceable rubber mountings, and 
at prices that defy competition. He keeps a variety of 
Saddles, Bridles, Collars, Whips, Blankets, and other 
paraphernalia belonging to horses, and is at all times 
ready to manufacture Harness of all kinds to order. 
Among his .specialties on sale, will be found the cele- 
brated Vacum Oil Blacking. A department to which he 
gives his special attention is that of repairing, and 
guarantees all work attempted to hi strictly fir.xt-cla.s8. 
He is a native of Slatington, and one of its youngest 
business men. 



FRANKLIN QUARRY, 

KuNTZ &Jac;obs, Proprietor.*, Office, Corner 
Main Street, near the Bridge. 

Slnte, geologically speaking, is a metamorphic rock of 
clay formation. It is the only rock that will split evenly 
and certainly iuto slabs. A skillful workman can 
cleve it as readily as he would cut a bass wood butt into 
shingles. The various modes of preparing slate for 
market are interesting. Masses of slate are removed 
from the quarry in sizes to suit requirements. The.«e 
are split iuto slabs, which are again divided with a 
chisel-like tool into plates of desired thickness, which 
are governed by the purposes for which it is intended, 
Rooliug slates are simply .squared by means of a cutter 
in a strong frame into assorted sizes. School Slates are 
shaved and beveled with a draw-knife. Large slabs 
are ground to a perfect surface upon a rubbing bed, 
revolving swiftly and covered with sand and water, 
wliile mantel slate is planed like iron slabs, by steam- 
and iu tlie powerful machinery cuts apparently very 
easily, like soapstone. 

In iuspecting the various quarries in the Slatington 
region, attention was particularly called to the well- 
known Frauklin CJuarry, one of the oldest in the vicin- 
ity. It is situated nearly two miles from the town, and 
was first opened about thirty-five years ago by the 
Lehigh Slate Company, the pioneers in this region. — 
The firmof Kuutz & Jacobs, the present proprietors, suc- 
ceeded to the business in 18S0, and have since worked 
it to full capacity. They are now producing about one 
thousand squares per month, and in the various de- 
partments of their works employ eighty hands. The 
linn have recently added the mauufacture of School 
Slate, Mantels and Blackbords, and are securing a very 
proportionate share of the trade. The many years that 
the Franklin quarry has been worked has made for its 
Slate a standard reputation and the present sales well 
substantiate the claims of the proprietors in this direc- 
tion. 

The individual members of the firm are Messrs. Hen- 
ry Kuntz and Alexander Jacobs, both residents of Slat- 
ington. The former gentleman is also engaged in the 
store business, located at the corner of Main and Dow- 
ell streets. . 

JAMES WALP. 

Stoves and Tinware, Lower Main Street. 

Mr. James Walphas been engaged in his special line 
of business on Lower Main street in Slatington since 
1878. He is a manufacturer of Tinware of all kinds, 
and deals in Stoves, Heaters, Ranges, Hardware and 
Cutlery of all kinds. The store and manufactory is 
located un Lower Main street, in a store having a double 
front with a depth of 70 feet in which he has well ar- 
ranged and carefully selected stock. Several assistants 
are employed and a good trade conducted. 

He is a native of Carbon county, and since his resi- 
dence here has made his store one of the leading resorts 
of the town. 



162 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



CHARLES W. HORN, 

Drugs, Books, and Stationery, Upper Main 

Street. 
This is one of the most important establishments in 
Slatington, and one possessing a large trade. The store 
was established in 1870 by the present proprietor, and 
is now a handsomely fitted up establishment, possess- 
ing all the requirements for transacting this special 
business. The stock includes Drugs, Chemicals, Patent 
Medicines, Paints, Oils, Varnishes, Perfumery, Toilet 
and Fancy Goods, Surgical Instruments, a flue assort- 
ment of Books and Stationery, Wall Paper and Window 
.Shades, together with a great variety of other articles. 
Its prescription department has been known far and 
near for many years as the place where the prominent 
physicians of this section have had their prescriptions 
compounded. Everything incidental to a first-class 
Drug Store will here be found, and of the purest and 
best. 

The Book and Stationary department contains a full 
and complete variety of standard works, including 
School Books and other supplies. Mr. Horn displays 
many very beautiful designs of Wall Paper in that por- 
tion of the store devoted to these goods. The establish- 
ment is so admirably arranged in all its departments, 
that transacting business with it is a matter of pleasure, 
and together with the very excellent stock, combines 
to make it the popular resortof the citizens of the town. 
Mr. Horn is a native of Lehighton, and for many 
years has been connected with the business interests of 
Slatington. 



GROSS, FRITZINGER & CO., 

Wholesale and Retail Hardware, Cutlery, 
Paints, Etc.,Corner Main and Church Streets. 
One of the neatest establishment in Slatington is that 
of Gross, FritziQger -& Co. This store was opened in the 
spring of 1881, and now contains an assortment of goods 
that cannot be equalled by any other house in the town. 
In the department devoted to the sale of carriage and 
coach makers' material known to the trade as general 
shelf goods, everything required by builders, carpenters 
and mechanics is embraced. They also carry a heavy, 
full and complete line of cutlery of all kinds, making 
this department of the business a specialty, and sup- 
plying the trade with the finest productions of the best 
manufacturers. In the department devoted to iron, 
every variety and kind of merchant bar iron for 
carriage and coach makers, blacksmiths and for other 
purposes, is always in store. The firm make a specialty 
of Paints, Oils, Glass and Painters' supplies, and have 
placed in their store a very full and complete stock of 
these goods. To this part of their business they invite 
special attention, and their as.sortment is the most desir- 
able to be found in the town. The firm has included in 
their business. Undertakers' supplies, and keep on hand 
all the essentials in these goods. 

The individual members of the firm are Peter Gross 
and William A. Fritzinger, of Slatington, and Henry D. 
Gross, of Scheneksville. They are all active and enter- 
prising gentlemen, and have given to Slatington a very 
desirable establishment for their specialties ofgooda. 



MORGAN & CASKIE, 

Dry Goops and Groceries, Upper Main STREE-r. 

The store occupied by the firm of Morgan & Caskie^ 
dealers in General Merchandise, on Upper Main street, 
was established in 1870, by the head of the present firm,. 
Mr. Caskie becoming interested in 1878. They occupy 
a medium sized store, well filled with goods, and already 
command a very desirable trade, which has been se- 
cured by close application, and by studying the wants 
of those who bestow their patronage upon them. Their 
stock has been selected with great care, and embraces 
the general variety common to a store of the kind. In 
Dry Goods they give particular attention to keeping in 
stock fresh goods, and purchase frequently in such 
quantities as to permit of continual changes. Pains- 
taking in their eftbrts to please, they are deserving the 
patronage they receive. 

The firm is composed of Messrs. John Morgan and 
Samuel Caskie, both active and enterprisinggentlemen. 



WALNUTPORT ENGINE AND MACHINE WORKS, 
W. B. Grosh, Proprietor. 

This industry is a new one for the village of Walnut- 
port, it having been established during the spring of the 
present year. It will doubtless fill a long felt want of this 
section for the location of just such an enterprise. The 
many quarries and ftietories located in the vicinity 
makes it of the greatest importance that a first-class 
engine builder and machinist should be located in 
their midst, and the establishment of the Walnutport. 
Engine and Machine Works already gives assurance of 
the greatest success. Mr. Grosh, the proprietor, has 
located his works in the village of Walnutport, close to 
the track of the I/Chigh and Susquehanna railroad,where- 
he erected a frame building, thirty by sixty feet in 
dimensions, with an adjoining boiler house. This he 
has equiped with the best machinery for his purpose, 
all of it being new and the most approved pattern. An, 
engine of six horse power is in use, and seven hands 
are employed. 

Mr. Grosh is engaged in manufacturing upright steam 
engine, mill and quarry machinery, and does repairing 
of all kinds. He is a practical machinist and devotes 
his whole time to the industry. 

G. & W. BRENNINGER, 

General Store, Near the Bridge, Walnutport. 

The leading merchants of Walnutport are G. & W. 
Brenninger near the Bridge, who occupy a well arrang- 
ed and neatly fitted up store in which they display a 
full line of Dry Goods and Notions, Boots and Shoes, 
Groceries, etc. The proprietors infuse energy into the 
business, and have by sound judgement and an ardent 
desire to please all greatly increa.sed the annual trade. 
In stock may always be found choice Groceries, Canned 
Goods, and all the new and desirable Dry Goods, etc. — 
They fully understand the wants of their patrons, and 
keep in stock a class of goods which are carefully select- 
ed and bought from first hands. 

The Brenninger's are reliable and conscientious mer* 
chants who have won the esteem and regards of a 
large class of our citizens. 



PIRRYVILLE. 



THE FIRST BOROUCxH ABOVE THE LEHIGH WATER GAP ATTRACTlVi:.Li SIT- 
UATED, AND THE LOCATION OF A WELL-KNuWN IKON 
MANUFACTURING COMPANY. 



This enterprising little borougli is situated on 
the eastern bank of the Lehigh river, near its 
Junction with Big creek and six miles east of 
Mauch Chunk. It is the first town above the 
Water Gap, and is surrounded on nearly all sides 
with mountains. The scenery, looking either up 
or down the Lehigh from this point, offers as fine 
views as can be found in the valley, and makes it 
an attractive place of resort for many visitors. 
The passage from the Gap to Parry ville, a distance 
of five miles, is through a succession of scenes 
that have added much to the reputation of the 
Lehigh valley as one of the finest sections of the 
State. 

Between these two points the railroad crosses 
what was formerly known as Lizard creek, upon 
which in the early days of the valley, was located 
the Indian missionary village of Wechquet^nk. 
This place was severely threatened by the In- 
dians, and when the Pontiac's war broke out 
on the frontier, in 1763, there was much fear that 
all living here would be massacred. Loskiel thus 
describes the state of feeling at that time in the 
region : "The whites had killed an Indian, 
Zachary, and his wife and cliild, of the Wech- 
quetank settlement, who were found sleeping in 
a barn away frt)m home. After this event the 
soldiers became still more suspicious of the In- 
aians at Wechquetank, naturally supposing that 
Zachary's four brothers living there would en- 
deavor to avenge his death, and that all the in- 
habitants would take their part. Tliey therefore 
prohibited the Indians to hunt, threatening to 
kill the first they should meet in the forest, 
however, Captain Wetherhold was at last per- 
suaded to desist from this massacre by Brother Ga- 
ble, the missionary. The lyost difficult task that 
he had was to pacify a jiarty of Irish freebooters, 
-who in great rage declared that no Indian should 



dare to show themselves in the woods, or they 
would be shotdead immediately; and that if only 
one more white man should be murdered in this 
neighborhood, the whole Irish settlement would 
rise in arms, and kill all the inhabitants of Wech- 
quetank without waiting for an order from the 
government, or a warrant from the Justice of the 
Peace. The same threatening message was sent 
to Nain (a missionary village near Bethlehem.) 
The congregation was finally obliged to leave 
Wechquetank and flee to Nazareth, and soon af- 
ter to Philadelphia. Wechquetank was after- 
wards burned by the whites, about the month 
or November, 1763." 

The settlement at the mouth of Big creek, in 
1834 was named Parryville, after a gentleman 
named Parry, a member of a lumber company, 
known as the Pine Forest Company, and who 
owned considerable land and several saw mills in 
the vicinity. Outside of those employed by the 
enterprise there were few who resided here until 
the furnace was erected in 1855, by Messrs. Bow- 
man Brothers & Co., and named it the Poco 
Poco Iron Works. In 1858 the company was in- 
corporated as the Carbon Iron Company, with a 
capital of $100,000. The location of these works 
attracted to the town many persons, and it be- 
came a place of some importance. 

In 1874 the Carbon county court was petitioned 
to incorporate the village into a borough, which 
was granted, and the first election for borough 
officers was held in February, 1875. The present 
Burgess of the town is Mr. H. B. Cooper, the 
superintendent of the iron works. 

The Lehigh and Susquehanna Division of the 
New Jersey Central Railroad give the town direct 
communication with the outside world, and a 
bridge over the Lehigh river give access to the 
Lehigh Valley Road. The canal of the Lehigh 



164 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALT-EY. 



0(ial and Navigation Company occupy the river 
on the Parryville side. The town contains, be- 
sides the iron works, extensively noticed else- 
where, three mercantile stores, Methodist, Epis- 



copal, and Evangelical olinrrho=. and a thorong'^i 
public school. The place is healthfully situated, 
and contains abi)Ut seven hundred popuhvtiou. 



CARBON IRON AND PIPE COMPANY, (Limited). 
Parryvii.i.e. 

Ill another part of this work there has been placed 
before the reader a number of tables showing the iron 
produptiou of the great Commonwealth of Pennsyl- 
vania. It is the intention to show, by separate articles, 
the extent to which this industry has grown, and the 
bearing it has upon the general business of this locality. 
Each iron industry, in its town, according to locality, 
has l)een treated, and the next in order is the well- 
known Parryville works, owned and controlled by the 
Carbon Iron and Pipe Company, (limited). These 
works are situated in the borough of Parryville, on the 
L. tt 8. Division of the New Jersey Central Railroad, 
from which they have numerous sidings and tracks, 
that give them ample facilities for the shipment of their 
productions, and the receipt of coal and other' neces- 
sary adjuncts of the manufacture of iron and pipe. 

The works occupy very substantial buildings and are 
equipcd with the latest improved machinery and ap- 
pliances for the business, and have an outptit of about 
30,000 tons of pig iron per annum, in addition to the 
large amount of manufactured iron pipe. 

The works have three stacks, employ one hundred 
aud thirty hauds.and their production takes a high rank 
in the market, the product being a very fine foundry 
iron. 

The works were first started in 1855, by Bowman 
Brothers, who continued the management for two years, 
aud then formed the Carbon Iron Company. This organ- 
ization continued through the various stages of the iron 
trade until 1879, when the Carbon Iron and Pipe Com- 
pany, (limited), was incorporated, and they have since 
that time made many improvements in the general con- 
dition of the plant. 

The otficers of the Company are : Chairman, Andrew 
A. Douglas, of Mauch Chunk; Secretary and Treasurer, 
George Kuddel, of Mauch Chunk; aud Superintendent, 
H. B. Cooper, of Parryville. The two former gentlemen 
are well known throughout the entire Valley as enter- 
prising and pvactical men. The Superinteudeut is a 



young gentleman, thoroughly understanding the details 
of iron production. 

In connection uiih till; furnace the manufacture of 
Iron Pipe for ga- and water purposes is extensively cai- 
ried on, but by a <'onipany distinct and separate from 
the other department, and under the management ol 
Mr. H. H. Fisher, of Allentown. The product is an c.\ 
cellent quality aud finish of pipe, principally of smalk'r 
sizes, running from two to four inches in diameter. 
This department is run to its fullest capacity. 

JACOB PETEKS, 

Genk.ral SniHK, Main Street. 

The borough of Parryville contains a thrifty class of 
citizens, who have done much to make their town an. 
attractive point for the location of those desirions of a. 
home with healthful aud pleasant surroundings. It is 
well supplied with tlie uecessaries of life by two general 
stores, the leading one being that of Mr. Jacob Peters, 
situated on Main street, nearly opposite the office of the 
ironworks. The store is of ample dimensions, having 
a front of twenty feet, with a depth of about sixty feet, 
and is stocked with an exceptionally fine assortment ol 
goods of a general nature common to a well equiped 
store of a town of this size. It is divided into several 
departments, including those for Dry Goods, Groceries, 
Boots and Shoes, etc., each supplied with a full aiMl 
complete stock, and displayed in such a manner as to 
at once attract the general purchaser. That devoted to 
Dry Goods, contains an extended variety of Dress Put- 
terns of foreign and domestic manufivcture. Muslins, 
Flannels, Cloths and Cassimeres for men's and boys' 
wear. Notions and Fancy Goods. In Boots and Shoes, 
there is an assortment sufficient to meet the demandw 
of the entire community. A well-stocked Grocery de- 
partment makes this establishment a most desirable one 
to select goods from, and completes the store, which is 
one of the best of the kind in tlie Valley., 

Mr. Peters is an active and enterprising gentleman, 
and as the proprietor of the oldest store in tlie town, has 
made hosts of friends. 




LEHIGHTON MD WEISSPORT. 



TWO ATTP.\rTlVE BOROUGHS, LOCATP^D ON OPPOSITE BANKS OF THE TETTIGII, 

THE EOKMKR A PLACE OF CONSIDERABLE BUSINESS AND RAILROAD 

ACTIVITY, AND A RAPIDLY GROWING TOWN, 



The early history of these two towns are so 
interwoven that we have determined to give 
tlieni place in this work together. No point in 
the valley has more interest attached to it than 
the tt^rritory upon wliich stands the horonghs of 
Lehighton and Weissport. They are located upon 
opposite sides of the Lehigh river, which is here 
a small stream, except during the times of the 
freshests, when the great portion of its force 
seems to exert itself particularly at this location. 
From "Henry's History of the Lehigh Valley" 
we have made the following extracts of the early 
settlement at this point, and owing to its interest 
have given it at some length : 

The first settlement in (Jarbon county was 
made by the Moravian mi.ssionaries, on tlie Ma- 
honing creek, near Lehighton, in 174G. The Mo- 
liegan Indians, having been driven out of She- 
komeko, in the State of Connecticut, and from 
Patchgatgoch, in New York, near the borders of 
the latter State, found an asyhun for a short time 
at Friedenshutten, near Bethlehem. 

Deeming it inconvenient to nuvintain a large 
Indian congregation so near Bethlehem, the mis- 
siollarie^ purchased two hundreil acres on the 
north sidf of Mahoning creek, about half a mile 
above its junction with the Lehigh. p:ach Indian 
family possessed its own lot of ground, and be- 
gan its seperate housekeeping. Gnadenhutten 
became a very regular and (ilcasant town. The 
church stood in the valley, on one side the In- 
dian houses, forming a cresent upon a rising 
ground. The road to "Wyoming and other In- 
dian towns lay through the ."settlement." Tills 
was tlie famuos path over Xe.scopeck Mountain, 
still known as the warrior's path. Tlic mission- 
aries tilled their own grounds, and every Indian 
family their plantation ; and on the ISth of Au- 
gust, 174(), they liad tlie satisraction to [lartake of 



the first fruits of the land at a love feast. Chris- 
t ian Ranch and Martin Mack were the first mis- 
sionaries who resided here. Tliey were succeed- 
ed by other missionaries, who were occasionally 
removed, the Brethern being of the opinion that 
frequent changes of the ministers of the congre- 
gation might be useful in preventing too strong 
an attachment to, and dependence upon men, 
and fixing the hope of the Indian more upon 
God alone. Several parts of Scrij)ture had been 
translated into the Mohegan language. The con- 
gregation used morning and evening to sing and 
pray; and sometimes to hear a discourse upon the 
text of Scripture appointed for tlie day. 

The holy communion was administered to the 
communicants every month. The Indians called 
the comiiiunion day the "great day," and such 
indeed it was, for the missionaries coiild never 
find words to extol the power and grace of God, 
revealed on these occasions. In September, 1749, 
Bishop Johannas von Watteville went to Gna- 
denhiiften and laid the foundation of a new 
church, that built in 1746 being too small, and 
the missionaries obliged to preach out of doors. 
The Indian congregation alone consisted of five 
hundred persons. About this time Rev. David 
Brainerd, with several of his Indian converts, 
visited Gnadenhutten. The congregation con- 
tinued in this pleasing and regiilar state until 
the year 1754. 

When the Delawares and Shawanees on the 
Susquehanna began to waver in their allegiance 
to the English, and were preparing to take up 
the hatchet on the side of the French, it became 
an object of some importance to them to with- 
draw their Indian brethern in the missionary 
settlements beyond the reach of the whites, that 
the hostile savages might more freely descend 
upon the white settlements. TheOliristian Indians 



168 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



for some time resolutely refused to move to Wy- 
oiuing. At length, however, a part were se- 
duced hy the influence of Teedyuscung (his bap- 
tismel name was Gidean.) The Mohegans who 
remained were joined by the Christian Delawares, 
from Menialagemeka. 

The land on the Mahoning being impover- 
ished, and other circumstances requiring a 
change, the inhabitants of Gnadenhutteu remov- 
ed to the north side of the Lehigh. The dwell- 
ings were removed, and a new chapel was built 
in 1754. The place was called New Gnadenhut- 
teu (it stood where Weissport now is.) The 
dwellings were so placed that the Mohegans 
lived on one side, and the Delawares on the other 
side of the street. The Brethern at Bethlehem 
t>>ok tlic culture of the old land on the Mahon- 
ing upon themselves, made a plantation of it for 
use of tiie Indian congregation, and converted 
the old chapel into a dwelling, both for the use of 
those brethern and sisters who had the care of 
the plantations, and for missionari es passing on 
their way to the heathen. 

The Indians in the French interest were 
much intensed that any of the Moravian Indians 
chose to remain at Gnadenhutteu, and deter- 
mined to cutoff the settlement. After Braddock's 
defeat, in 1755, the whole frontier was open to 
the inroads of the savage foe. Every day dis- 
closed new scenes of barbarity committed by the 
Indians. The whole country was in terror ; the 
neighbors of the Brethern of Gnadenliutten for- 
sook their dwellings and fled ; but the Bretliern 
made a covenant together to remain undaunted 
in the place allotted to them by Providence. 
However, no caution was omitted, and because 
the white peoi)le considered every Indian as an 
enemj', the Indian Brethern were advised as 
much as possible to keep out of their way, to buy 
no powder or shot, but to strive to maintain 
themselves without hunting, which they willing- 
ly complied with. But God had otherwise ordain- 
ed ! On a sudden the mission house at Mahon- 
ing was, late in the evening on the 24th of 
November, attacked by the French Indians, 
burnt, and eleven of the inhabitants murdered. 

The murder at Gnadenhutteu filled the whole 
valley with horror, and the people in all portions 
were thorouglily alarmed. This melancliolly 
event proved the deliverance of the Indian con- 
gregation at New Gnadenliutten, (Weissport,) for 
upon hearing the report of the guns, seeing the 
flames and soon learning the cause, they all 
■fled into the woods, and the settlement was 
cleared in a few moments. Troops were soon af- 
ter stationed at the forsaken village, and erected 
a temporary stockade. The serious complication 
of affairs led the Governor to send Benjamin 
Franklin to superintend the erection of forts in 
the neighborhood, one of which was erected 
M'here Weissport now is. In his command there 



were five hundred and sixty, his son being his 
ade-de-canii>. 

After burying the dead Franklin found lying 
partially under the ground, he commenced work 
on the fort, and soon after finished the affair 
and mounted upon it the one swivel gun they 
had with them. The building of the fort must 
have had the desired effect, as but little is heard 
in history of trouble from the Indians at this 
point afterward. This section was only a small 
portion of the territory placed under tlie protec- 
tion of Franklin, and designated as the north- 
western frontier. 

For many years the present boroughs of 
Weissport and Lehighton were respectively 
known as Gnadenliutten and New Gnadenhut- 
teu and the great interest that centers around 
their early history was while the communities 
possessed these names. The first in order in the 
review of the resources of the Lehigh Valley, 
comes the borough of 

WEISSPORT. 

As already stated it is on the left or eastern 
bank of the Lehigh, directly opposite the borough 
of Lehighton, and occupies a broad flat of land. 
It was upon this ground that Franklin built his 
log fort, the site of which is now occupied by the 
''Fort Allen Hotel," and the well constructed by 
him is still in a good state of preservation. The 
citizens of the present time refer with much 
pride to the well dug at that time by Franklin, 
that is yet doing service in supplying the inhabi- 
tants of the above hotel with water. This is with- 
out doubt the oldest well in the valley, and has 
continued to dispense the object of its digging for 
a i>eriod of one hundred and twenty-five years. 

Shortly after the Revolutiona!y War, Colonel 
Weiss, who was a native of Philadelphia, and 
during the whole revolution was in tlie service 
of his country, purchased seven hundred acres of 
land from the Moravians. This was the present 
site of Weissport, and then known as New Gna- 
denliutten. In 1785 he removed his family to 
this place, and continued to reside here until 
his death, which occuredin 1839. He was known 
as an active, enterprising citizen, and his name 
is found associated with all the early efforts to im- 
prove this region of the country. In 1817 he 
laid out a town plot, and gave it the name of 
Weissport. The peculiar location of the town, 
upon a flat plot of land, did not insjjire the 
rapid building of the place, it being subject in 
its early history to severe floods. Being situated 
immediately on the banks of the Lehigh, and 
somewhat lower than the land upon the op- 
posite bank, and that back of it upon the 
present canal being also considerable more 
elevated, it apjieared to suffer the severest effects 
from these inundations, The first occured in 
1786, and was known as "Tippey's Flood," when 
the family of Mr. Weiss and several others barely 
escaped with their lives, so sudden was the ris- 



rESounrES of the LEiricir valley. 



167 



itiET of tlio wnfor. Tn 1841 it wiis iiuiiin visited, 
and the hrid;;e over tlic LeInVl'i w;is i)art]y swept 
away. 

TJie severest flood occurcd in 1862, when a 
number of JMiildinps were swei)tiiway, and many 
of the residents tiiereafter refiisc<l to return, but 
purchased property in tiie town of Lehitjhton. 
This fear has now given phue to security, as it 
is believed there is no danj^or of a repetition of 
these occurrences. 

Previous to the last flood, tlie settlement con- 
tained about five hundred inhabitants, and had 
three churches, a boarding school, and several 
mercantile stores. There were also located here 
a large planing mill, carriage works, etc., and 
tiie boat building industry engaged a number of 
liands and considerable capital. But a greater 
partof itsbusineiJs was either partially or entirely 
destroyed by the flood, and were never re-estab- 
lished. 

Notwithstanding this drawback, liowever, the 
town some few years later regained its popula- 
tion, and in 1867 made application to the Carbon 
county court for incorporation as a borough. 
This was granted the citizens, and they at once 
began a system of improvement that has con- 
tinued down to the present time. 

The borough of Weissi)ort of to-day, is a very 
well laid-out town, and contains many hand- 
some and substantial buildings. The streets are 
wide, though not paved, are kept in most credi- 
table condition, and the walks have abundance 
of shade. In laying out the town, the founder. 
Colonel Weiss, evidently was possessed with 
the common idea that now seems to have been 
universal with the originators of nearly all Penn- 
sylvania towns, in api>ortioning off the centre as 
a public square. In this respect, Weissport lias 
been served more liberal than a greater part C)f 
them, by having an unusually large square. 
This makes an exceedingly attractive portion of 
the town, and upon the four streets that surround 
the plot, are located the residences of its most 
influential citizens. 

The location of several industries within the 
town and across the canal in Franklin township, 
lias added many to its jxipulation. The most 
important of these enterprises is that of the Le- 
high Valley Emery Wheel Company, whose pro- 
ducts reach nearly every portion of our country. 
The canal of the Lehigh Coal and Navigation 
Company forms the boundary line of the bor- 
ough, and dividing it from a collection of hou.ses 
and enterprises now located in the township 
of Franklin. Upon the same side of the borough 
is situated the Lehigh and Susquehanna Division 
of the New Jersey Central Railroad, which has 
provided the town with frequent trains up and 
down the valley. Across the Lehigh river, is a 
•covered bridge which connects the two boroughs 
of Weissport and Lehighton, and also virtually 
gives the former two railroads, the depot of the 



Lehigh Valley road being near this bridge, on the 
opposite side. 

Weissport has now a population of about six 
hundred, and contains numerous mercantile 
establishments, the emery wheel company, foun- 
dry and machine shops, rolling mill (now lying 
idle,) planing mill, and the other enterprises 
common to a town of its size. It lias a Metho- 
dist, Evangelical, and Lutheran Reformed 
churches, and a puhlic school, divided into two 
departments. The town is well governed by a 
burgess and a council of six members, the taxes 
being low, and carefully handled. 

It is located four and a half miles from the 
county seat, Mauch Chunk, and freijucnt trains 
bring witliin a short riding distance any point 
in the valley. 

In the pages that follow are to be found the 
representative houses of the borough, which have 
been selected as portraying the business enter- 
prises of the town. 

LEHIHGTON. 

This active business town is located on the 
western side of the river, upon an elevated piece 
of land, and forming a borough of excellent ap- 
pearance. As Gnadenhutten it has a most inter- 
esting history, as portrayed in the beginning of 
this article It was upon this elevated ground 
the Moravians established their missionary sta- 
tion, and here where the massacre of the eleven 
person occured that created such wide-spread 
consternation throughout the valley. The set- 
tlement was the first made in Carbon county. In 
1762 the whole of this township contained but 
thirty-three persons who were liable for taxes, 
which twenty years later had increased to forty- 
five taxables, most of whom were farmers, others 
having saw mills. The first public road in the 
county was made by order of the court from the 
mouth of Mahoning creek (near Lehighton) to 
the King's road near Bethlehem. This petition 
was from the Moravians, in 1748, and among the 
reasons for the road, was that "many people had 
received much benefit from the v/ater of a 
healing spring near the outlet of tliis stream, and 
the communications between the settlement, 
(Bethlehem) and those near this spring will be 
frequent." This spring has considerable cele- 
brity at the present time, and is known as the 
"Spring of the Heading Waters." It is situated 
about one mile south of Lehighton, and is visi- 
ted by many people, particularly during the sum- 
mer season. 

Previous to the discovery of coal and the im- 
provements of the Lehigh Navigation Company, 
no place in Carbon county reached any size, and 
the land at this jxiint (Lehighton) remained 
nearly as it had always been, a stretch of wild 
forest. About the year 1810, Colonel Jacob 
Weis>, tlie founder of Weissport, and William 
Henry, together laid out a town plot at Lehighton, 
and madfe every effort to establish here a centre 



168 



EEROURCES OF THE LEHirxII VATJ>KY, 



for business and resulenoe. For several reasons 
the enterprise did not meet witli success. All 
above this place, and indeed much of the 
land below, was a wild, unsettled country, ex- 
cept here and there a hamlet, principally en- 
gaged in lumbering or some kindred industry. 
The opening of the Lehigh canal brought the 
contemplated town into notice and some fam- 
ilies located here. The growth was slow, as the 
completion of the Lehigh Valley Railroad in 1855 
found a village of only about three hundred in- 
habitants. In 1860 it contained about four hun- 
dred, and had become a location of some busi- 
ness, there being three hotels, three stores, one 
mill, and two extensive tanneries. From this 
time, the village took upon itselfactivity, and in 
1866 was incorporated as a borougli, it previously 
having been a portion of Mahoning township. 
In 1870 the borough contained a population of 
1,485, and at the present time has 2,700. It is the 
most active and enterprising town between 
Slatington and Mauch Chunk, and is well built, 
the greater portion being on the main street, 
parallel with the river. 

Nearly all the town has been built new since 
its incorporation, and contains now but few 
buildings of a much older date. The main 
thoroughfare, upon which is located the princi- 
pal business houses of the place, is a wide, and 
nicely kept avenue, in appearance the equal of 
any town of its size in the valley. A greater 
portion of the structures erected for the mercan- 
tile trade are ornaments and well bespeak the 
character of the people who have located here. 

Among the prominent industries within the 
borough limits, are an extensive meat packing 
establishment, stove works, three carriage fac- 
tories and a general variety of smaller enterprises. 
These in addition to the repair shops of the Le- 
high Valley Railroad Company, at Packeton, a 
short distance above, have provided abundant 
employment for the residents of this town, and 
it has enjoyed a continued era of prosperity. 

Around Lehighton are located many points of 
interest, and the county seat, Mauch Chunk, 
"the Switzerland of America," is but four miles 
distant. The well-known Mahoning Valley, 
. stretches to the east and west from the town, and 
possessing some excellent farming land. This 
valley reaches the entire distance, almost due 
east, to Stroudsburg, on the Delaware river, and 
thirty miles from L'^hi hNm. It has been longin 
contemplation to construct a railroad fron\ this 
point to the Delaware, through this fertile valley, 
and thus give to the Lehigh Valley road another 
important feeder. This would enhance to a very 
considerable degree the pi'osiierity of Lehighton, 
bringing to it a greater part of the trade to that 
section. Near Lehighton, in former days, was 
situated the great swamp, called by the fugitives, 
who escaped the butchery at Wyoming, tlie 
"Shades of Death;" the only inhabitant at one 



time being a noted recluse, known as the "Her- 
mit of the Sliados of Deatli," or the "Blue Moun- 
tain Hermit." Here are located the gn/unds of 
the Carbon County Agricultural Society, wiiich 
are now handsomely laid out, and kept in thor- 
ough order. This society jield their first fair 
in the fall of 1858. 

The churches of Lehighton consist of the Evan- 
gelical Lutheran, B. J. Snyder, pastor ; Motlio- 
dist Episcopal, George W. Nortli, pastor ; First 
Presbyterian, no pastor ; Zion's Reformed, J. H. 
Hartman, pastor ; Lutheran and Catholic. The 
public school occupies a large three-story build- 
ing valued at $45,000, with departments or I'ooms 
on each floor. The scliools are in charge of a 
competent principal, with six assistants, and the 
entire under the jurisdiction of a school board 
elected by the citizens. Of this, the Rev. C, 
Bartholomew is the President, and W. W. Rap- 
sher, Secretary. 

Lehighton has a newspaper known as The 
Carbon Advocate, edited and published by Mr. H. 
V. Mortimer. Also a National Bank, which is a 
great advantage to those doing business in the 
borough. 

Few towns are possessed of better railroad 
facilities than Lehighton, the Lehigh Valley 
having their depot at one end of the borough, 
and the Lehigh and Susquehanna at the other. 
This latter road crosses at this point both tlie 
Lehigh River and the Lehigh Valley Railroad, 
and continues on to Mauch Chunk on the west- 
ern side. The trains up and down the valley ar& 
very frequent, and the advantages offered in this 
respect for the location of industries, together 
with the excellent scope of land for building pur- 
poses, make Lehighton a point worthy of con- 
sideration with those desirous of establishing 
their manufacturing enterprise at a place where 
they can secure tlie best inducements. Outside 
of the principal towns of the Lehigh Valley, no 
borough gives promise of .so prosperous a future 
as must be attributed to Lehighton. It has all 
the elements that go to make a town successful^ 
the citizens being liberal minded and quick to ap- 
preciate any movement that has in view the 
growth and advancement of the place. The loca- 
tion is superior, sufficiently high to afford mag- 
nificent views, and thorough drainage, and yet 
possessed of a plateau of ground that is in every 
respect adapted to the erection of extensive en- 
terprises. It is claimed to be one of the healthiest 
towns in the entire valley, and a person would 
have to contemplate a long while, before he 
would be willing to gainsay it. In our review of 
the business interests of the town, we have chosen 
the representative houses, thus giving our readers 
the most reliable of those engaged in the manu- 
facturing or mercantile trade of the borough. 

A short distance above Lehighton, and almost 
a portion of it, as nearly all the employees of the 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



ie» 



works there located are residents of tliis place, is 
located the busy railway settlement of 

PACKERTON. 

This place is between the railroad and river, 
and two miles east of Mauch Chunk, and was 
named in honor of Hon. Asa Pai;kor, late Pres- 
ident oftheLehif^h Valley Railroad. 

Tiie company have here numerous tracks for 
the making up of coal trains, and it is always an 
animated point. At the upper terminus of the 
"yard" a small building is located, which might 
hardly attract a second look, yet it is very im- 
portant in the part it plays in the affairs of the 
road. Here are the scales which weigh all the 
coal passing down. Coal trains are broken into 
sections representing individual orders, and 
started down the grade a little distance apart, a 
brakeman in charge of each division. They pass 
over the weighing platform, (which is the 
length of ten cars), at a rapid rate, and yet the 
clerks in the little wayside oliice, by the skill en- 
gendered by years of practice, can determine the 
exact tonnage, the weight of each car when empty 
being known, and deducted from the total. Their 
capacity is three hundred thousand pounds, and 
were built specially for the present use by Fair- 
banks. Over twenty-eight thousand tons of coal 
have been weighed here in a single day. Here are 



CLAUSS & BROTHER, 

Merch.\nt Tailors, and Dealers in Clothing, 
Gknts' Furnishing Goods, etc., Bank Street, 
Lehighton. 
The present bu.siiiess of this house is the most import- 
ant of the kind iu this section of the country, and the 
manner in which its affairs are conducted reflect credit 
ahke upon the proprietors and the community in gen- 
eral. The inception of this house dates back eighteen 
years, but only shice July. 1880, when the present firm 
took possession of the business, did the house begin to 
achieve its present excellent reputation, and the busi- 
ness reach such an extended scale. This house is in 
good repute among the large dealers, is prompt in the 
discharge of all business obligations, and cousequeully 
is offered the best goods in the market at the lowest 
cash prices. A large and varied assortment of Cloths, 
Cassimeres, Suitings, Vestings, etc., may be found in the 
piece goods department at all seasons of the year, em. 
bracing the "nobbiest" and latest styles of foreign and 
domestic manufacture. In the clothing department 
cverytliirg desirable for men's youths' and boys', can 
always be found upon the shelves. A complete line of 
Boots and Shoes of the best and most reliable manu- 
facture are kept in stock, while everything in accord- 
ance with the latest dictates of fashion can be obtained 
iu head-wear. During the winter season the firm carry 
a large stock of Furs. In short, jvery department of 
this house is so thoroughly ecjkiipped tliat the citizens 
of Lehighton are relieved of the necessity of going to 
the larger cities for their seasonahU; supi)lies of cloth- 
ing. (;iau.'is & Brother, by tlieir caretiil study of the 
wants and caprices of their patrons, have ab-eiuly built 
up a large business, while the success and permanancy 
of the house was an fv-ssured fact from their outset as 
proprietors. They pay particuhir attention to the mer- 
chant Tailoring department, and tipon tliis featiu-e of 
the business we wish to cmphuticaDy exj^ress tlie ver- 
dict of their patrons, by saying their cIdIIics are par ex- 



the principal shops of the company, whose 
chief emi)loynient is the building and repairing 
of coal and freight cars, requiring the service of 
nearly six hundred men, and about $25,000 per 
month to pay their wages. It is well worth visi- 
ting, and its ponderous machinery, and all the 
modern inventions pertaining to railway trans- 
portation, in connection with its great and con- 
stant activities, give an excellent idea • of the 
magnitade and importance of the Lehigh Valley 
coal trade. 

Lehigh Valley Park near Packerton is the 
large park of thQ Lehigh Valley Railway Com- 
pany, containing seventy-five acres, through 
which runs a beautiful stream, and in which 
there are- several ponds, containing large num- 
bers of l)rook trout. The park is also stocked 
with wild deer, elk, anteloi)e, etc. 

Haifa mile distant are located the famous La- 
fayette Lentz Fish Ponds. Mr. Lentz, who re- 
sides at Mauch Chunk, is here engaged exten- 
sively in the propagation of trout, and with the 
most encouraging prospects of complete success. 
As a matter of coiirse, the park, these ponds, and 
the propagating ai-rangements pertaining to them, 
are objects of interest to the tourist, and are an- 
nually visited by a large number of people. 



cellence. Over the catting department their father, T. 
D. Clauss, assisted by Frank D. Clauss, have entire 
charge, and give the business their most careful atten- 
tion. They cut from the latest patterns, employ only 
excellent workmen to make up, and use only first-class 
material in the trimming and furnishing, no goods be- 
ing permitted to leave the store that can in any way re* 
fleet discredit ui>on the name of the house. 

In all departments of the establishment twenty men 
are employed, aud at busy seasons this number is great- 
ly augmented. The individual members of the firm 
are Frank D. Clauss and Oliver A. Clauss, both of whom 
are young men of ability and enterprise. 

JOSIAH KUCH, 

General Merchandise, Franklin Township, 

Opposite Weissport. 
In fixing the boundary lines of the borough of Weiss- 
port that portion of the settlement lying north of the 
canal was not included, and is now still a portion of 
Franklin Townsliip. There are a number of inhabi- 
tants iu this section who liberally patronize the stores 
located in their midst, there l>eing several representa- 
tive establishments devoted to general business in this 
portion of the township. Among these, that of Mr. 
Josiah Ruch is worthy of mention as occupying a prom- 
inent place in supplying the necessaries of life. The 
store is near the canal bridge, is of ample dimensions 
and stocked with a varied assortment of general mer- 
chandise, ineluding a full aud complete line of Dress 
Goods, of foreign and domestic manufacture, Muslins, 
Cloths for Gentlemen's and Boys' Clothing, aud a varie- 
ty of goods under the head of Notions and Fancy Arti- 
cles. Partietilar attention is paid to the grocery depart- 
ment, which is equally well supplied with Fancy and 
Staple Goods. 

Mr. Rucli is an active and enterprising business man 
an<l makes every effort to provide his patrons with the 
best and most desirable that the market affords. 



170 



RESOlK(i:s OF THE LKIIIGH VAIJ.EY. 



LEHIGH VALLEY EMERY WHEEL COMPANY, 

Manufacturer;* OF Emfry Wheels and Emkry 
Wheel Machinery, Wf.issport. 

This industry is oue of the most iinportaut in the Le- 
high Valley, and with a single exception is the only 
one of the kind in the .State. It was established in 1874, 
the Company being organized but a few months after- 
ward. The plant of the Company is located iu the 
-western end of4he Borough, in full view frem the win- 
dows of the cars on theLehigh and Susquehanna Rail- 
road, which cros.ses the Lehigh river a short distance 
above the works. The liuilding is of frame, two aud a- 
half stories in height, sixty by eighty feet, double ad- 
dition si»ty by forty, storage room eighteen by thirty- 
six in dimensions, aud supplied with many new im- 
provements in the way of machinery, the whole run by 
an engine of forty horse power. 

In the manufacture of Emery Wheels, the principal 
departments of interest are the stock room, where the 
materials for emery wheels are kept, as Turkey emery 
and corundum of all grades, the adhesive matter, and 
the different substances used as bodies; the mixing 
room where the different materials are thoroughly in- 
corporated ; the drying room, where they are placed in 
trays aud exposed to a uuiform and peculiar atmosphere 
indicated by a hygrometer, and a certain temperature 
varying slightly above and below 120 deg.; the pressing 
room, where there are hydraulic pumps and presses of 
great power, a great variety of moulds, and mechanical 
appliances for the manipulation of the wheels; a test- 
ing room, where each wheel is tested before it leaves 
the manufactory ; and a machine shop, for the con- 
struction of new machinery and repairs to the machin- 
ery on the premises. 

The process of making emery wheels is apparently a 
very simple one, but great experience aud good judg- 
ment are necessary in the selection of suitable mate- 
rials and the mixing, tempering, and pressing of the 
same. When a wheel is ordered for .some specific pur- 
pose, the manufacturers' formula for such a wheel is 
sent to those in charge of tlie different departments. 
This formula states the kind and proportion of mate- 
rials to be used, the pressure and heat to be applied, etc. 
The tirst jirocess is the mixing and drying, as already 
referred to; the second, the pressing. After the com- 
position and adhesive nuitter have been thoroughly 
worked and prepared, tlie mixture is placed iu strong 
cylindrical or other shaped iron moulds and subjected 
to an enormous pressure. 

The hydraulic presses in use are very powerful, one 
of them having a pressure of 1,000 and a new one of 
2,000 tons pressure. The press\ue on the wheels is ap- 
plied at top and bottom, aud the plates between which 
the wheel is pressed are heated by steam to certain 
temperatures. After the wheel has thus been moulded 
and pressed, the mould is taken to a smaller hydraulic 
press, which removes the wheel from the mould. It is 
then left to cool and harden, after which it is turned 
and "trued up" iu an ordinary lathe, the turning being 
effected by the use ofdiamond turning tools. It is then 
ready for testing, which is done by putting the 
wheel on an arbor and driving it at a high speed, 
about 10,01)0 feet (surface speed) per minute. To 
prevent accident in case the wheel should bur.st, owing 
to the great centrifugal force, the wheel aud its arbor 
are inclosed within a string wooden guard or box. 
Should the wheel stand this test it is considered safe 
for \ise. Emery wheels are made at the works of the 
above-named Cimipany, of all sizes aud shapes. It is 
claimed that a wheel thirty inches in diameter and five 
inches thick, will wear down nearly to the spindle, aud 
will do just as much work as when large if speeded up. 



Hence the importance of using cone pulleys on the 
spindles of emeiy wheel machinery. 

The Company also manufacture all kinds of emery 
wheel machinery, and their productions are known all 
over the United States, Canada and parts of Europe. 

From a very small beginning the business of the Com- 
pany lias become one of great proportions, and lias 
nrore than doubled iu the past year. The Company em- 
ploy at the present time twelve hands, all of whom are 
skilled workmen. Their wheels are all patented aud the 
patents owned by the Company. 

The officers of the Company are, William Lilly, of 
Mauch Chunk, President; Secretary and Treasurer, and 
General Superintendent of the works, L. E. Wills, of 
Weissport ; Board of Directors, William Lilly, Dr. J. G. 
Zern, W. H. Stroh, W. R. Butler, R. F. Hofford, William, 
Wagoner, and L. E. Wills. 

In concluding our revievv of this important industry, 
we will add what was said of their make of wheels, by 
the Scientific American, a journal that never places credit 
where it does not belong : 

"The wheels made at these works are strong, durable, 
and of very excellent quality. Being made under a 
hydraulic pressure combined with heat, we are inform- 
ed that perfect regularity iu their hardness is obtained. 
There is no clogging or gumming, and the hardest metal 
when applied to the corners is cut rapidly away without 
any perceptible wear of the wheel." 



PERRY J. KISTLER, 

Dry Goods, Gruueries, Hardware, etc., Bridgh 
Street, Weissport. 

One of the enterprising business men of the Borough 
of Weissport is Mr. Perry J. Kistler, the popular store- 
keeper. He occupies a well arranged and neatly fitted 
up store iu which he displays a full line of Dry Goods, 
Notions, Groceries, Hardware, Boots aud Shoes, etc. — 
The business was originally established many years 
ago, and is at the present time one of the oldest stands 
ill the town. Since the proprietorship of Mr. Kistler 
he has infused new energy into the business, and has 
by sound judgement and earnest desire to please all 
greatly increased the auual trade. 

In his stock may always be found choice Groceries, 
Canned Goods, aud all the new and desirable styles in 
Dry Goods, as well as the general line of Hardware, 
Boots aud Shoes, etc. 

He fully understands the wants of his patrons, and 
keeps in his stock a class of goods, carefully selected 
and bought from first hands. 

His patrons place the greatest reliance iu him, know- 
ing that he makes no misrepresentation to effect sales. 

RAPSHER & ZERN, 

Druggist, White Street, Weissport. 

The Drug Store ol' Rapsher & Zern, on White street, 
possesses every convenience aud requisite that goes to 
make up a thorough establishment, eminently fits it 
far supplying the community with the goods embraced 
in the category of Drugs aud Chemicals, the proprie- 
tors' aim being to keep only the most reliable Chemicals 
aud the best and purest of Drugs. The business was 
e.stablished in 1878, with a full and complete stock of 
everything requisite, of the highest class, which i.s now 
so arranged and displayed as to reflect the greatest 
credit ujion the enterprise of the proprietors. 

In addition to their Drugs and Chemicals, they carry 
au extensive stock of Fancy and Toilet Articles, com- 
prising Brushes of all kinds, Medicated Soaps, and a 
line of Cologne and Extract Perfumes. In Paiuts, Oils, 
Glass, Putty, Varuishes.etc, they have an extensive and 
desirable assortment, and are prepared to furnish these 
goods to consumers in auy quantities. 



RESOURCES OF THE LETIKJII YAT.EEY. 



171 



The junior of tlie firm, Dr. J. G. Zeni.was born in New 
Hanover township, Montgomery county, Febuary24,lS4.'>, 
and is a practicing plly^5ician, and commands a large 
share of the patronage of the best families of the town 
and surroiindiiig country. He has represented tlie 
Legislative District of Carbon county iu the House of 
Representatives of the State, for two terms, and is there 
recognized as a prominent and active member, zealous 
in his efforts to promote theinterests of his constituents. 
His partner, Mr. William Rapslier, a member of the 
Legislature before Dr. Zern, is actively engaged also in 
j)rofessi(iiinl life, being a lawyer of high standing with 
the bar of this sccti(.n of the State, and a gentleman 
having many friends in private life. 

Their drug establishment is under the immediate 
charge of a competent assistant, who conducts the bus- 
ines in the most careful and systematic manner. 



WEISSPOKT F(,)UNDRY, 

MiNKii Bkos, Proprietors. 

Among the enterprises that have aided in building 
up the borough of Weissport and exert considerable in- 
fluence upon the neighboring town of Lehighton, is 
that known as the " Weissport Foundry." The works 
were established about nine years ago, and have now 
built up a very large trade, ranking them among the 
leading enterprises of the kind in this section. The 
buildings are of frame, and of am'ple dimensions, thor- 
oughly equiped with every essential for their specialty 
of work, and requiring an engine of twenty -horse pow- 
er. The proprietors, Messrs. Miner Brothers, are thor- 
ough men in their business, and have by careful atten- 
tion and good work, not only secured a large and lucra- 
tive trade, but won the confidence of all with whom 
they have been brought in contact. 

The special feature of these works is the manufacture 
of light castings of all kinds, for which they use daily 
about five tons of metal, and employ forty-eight hands, 
twenty-eight of whom are engaged as moulders. The 
castings, which include everything under the head of 
light work, have made for the firm an established rep- 
utation for good material and careful manipulation. 
The production of these works have become known as 
combining the best workmanship with superior mate- 
rial, and from which never deteriorating in any man- 
ner. 

Everything about the works indicates the superior 
management to which they are subjected, and well 



irni toi 

itn rail 



iness. Convenient in their location to both railroad and 
canal, they possess every advantage for prompt ship- 
ment to any point, and the receipt of material for their 
works. 

The individual members of the firm, are William and 
Douglass Miner, and the father, Elias Miner, trading 
under the title of Miner Bros. They are all residents 
of Weissport, and among the most active and respected 
citizens. 



E. H. SNYDER, 

Dry Goods, Groceries, Queensware, Carpets, 

Etc., Bank Street, Lehighton. 
To cite the various articles kept iu stock by this 
house would be a tedious enumeration, as everything 
coming under the denomination of general merchandise 
may here be obtained. Groceries, Provisions, Spices, 
Teas, Coffees, Dry Goods, Domestic Prints, Oils, light 
Hardware, China, Glass, Queens ware. Carpets, Matting, 
Oil Cloths, etc., are p. few of the things perhaps most 
prominent to the trade. In every department the goods 
are kept up to a uniform standard of purity, freshness, 
and excellence. Nothiugisdisplayed forsalc but what 
can be hartily recommended by the proprietor, no mis- 



representations being used to effect a sale. An exten- 
sive and growing traile has already been built up with 
the farmers and .-hoppers of the surrounding connlry> 
and the citizens of Lehighton. In order to more thor- 
oughly unilerstand the extent of the liusiness, a person 
>hoidd witness the scene of activity prevailing within 
the >tore during a pleasant Saturday evening. 

Familiar with the trade of buying and selling genera^ 
mer<'handise, .Mr. Snyder is enable to better meet the 
Wants of his traile than many merchants, and meeting 
his obligations upon short time payments, or with <-asli, 
isenaliled to seeuie his goods at their lowest nuirket 
prices. Prompt in the discharge of all business matters 
and enterprising in endeavors to better meet the de 
demands of his patrons, the rapid .strides he has taken 
towanl unquestioned success, is but a deserved tribute 
of the public's high appreciation of his honest en<leav- 
ors. 

A native of Wiis section, he is known from childhood, 
and his business career is regarded with satisfaction by 
those who have watched his pluck in the competition 
attended upon a mercantile life. 

JOSKPH UBERT, 

Packing, Curing and SiMOKiNG Establishment, 
Bank Street, Lehighton, 

Joseph Obert, proprietor of the largest individual 
meriautile enterprise in Lehighton, is a uative of Ger- 
many, like hundreds of otherb of his own nationality, 
adorn .some of the brightest pages in the mercantile 
history of this ('ommouwealth. Devoted to the coun- 
try of his adoption, and a citizen of thirty-nine years 
standing, he to-day is one of the representative business 
men of Lehighton. Fifteen years ago, with a meagre 
capital iu cash, but with that earnest determination 
that brooks no obstacle, an enterprise that admits ol 
no competitors, he laid the foundation of his now 
mammoth business in a small way, and has worked 
steadily onward ever since. In 187-5 his establishment 
was burned down, and with it a large stock of goods, 
shattering his small savings, the fruits of his years of 
hard labor. With his energies still undaunted he set 
about to restore his lost fortunes, and his business to- 
day bespeaks for the proprietor that he has been emi- 
nently successful. 

l}nsurpa.ssed facilities for butchering, packing, 
curing and smoking meats are offered in his building, 
which is G6xiKi feet, three-stories high, of brick ; and 
twelve hands are constantly employed in the different 
departments of labor. A ten horse power engine is in 
operation to drive the machinery necessary to prosecute 
the business and during the busy seasons the place is a 
scene of activity and industry. From four to ten thous- 
and pounds of meat per day, varying with the seasons, 
are handled and prepare-d for the markets. Beef, Pork, 
Veal and Mutton are constantly dealt in, and during 
the season large quantities of the beef and pork are 
cured, packed and smoked, and di^ipo.sed of at retail 
during the summer. Only the best stock are slaught- 
ered, and the best care is given the meat through all its 
stages of curing. 

The trade of this house extends up and down, the 
length and width of the Lehigh Valley, throughout the 
coal regions, and to some more remote points and 
places, and the active demands for meats cured at this 
packing house bespeaks its popularity. There is no 
other similar busine.ss house in the Lehigh Valley. As 
a jiuVilie spirited citizen his career has been marked 
and prominent, always fostering every interest intended 
to benefit the community in which he resides and the 
puVjlie in general. 



172 



RESOURCES OF THE EEHKiH VALLEY. 



LEHIGH STOVE WORKS, 

Stoves and Hoij.owware, Lehighton. 

There is no other mauufacturiug enterprise in tliis 
portion of the county to which so much importance 
can justly be attached as to the Lehigh Stove Works, 
situated at Lehighton. The raanufticture o{ stoves that 
will last and do service a reasonable space of time, was 
for a long period a question which scientists were practi- 
cally unable to solve. After many years of laboring in 
this direction, the solution was acquired, and then 
arose the question of producing the greatest amount of 
heat with the consumption of a given quantity of coal. 

The Lehigh Stove Works started business as a corpo- 
rate body in 1867, and immediately began the manufac- 
ture of Stoves and Hollow-ware. From the inception of 
the business they have been continually experiment- 
ing and improving their stoves, until to-day they are 
reported to make the best grade of goods that go into 
the market. Not only in point of durability do their 
stoves excel, but in the consumption of fuel they are 
•exceedingly economical, an item of more than ordinary 
moment. The plant of the Lehigh Stove Company oc- 
cupies a large space of ground in close proximity to the 
milroads, and is thus admirably located for the recep- 
tion and shipment of goods. The buildings are num- 
erous, substantially built of stone and frame, and are 
admirably adapted to the business. Their arrange- 
ment in the interior is a model of system and conven- 
ience, everything being placed with the idea of produc- 
ing the best results with the least manual labor. From 
twenty to thirty men are here constantly employed in 
the different departments of manufacture, all of who 
are tried, experienced and capable mechanics. A large 
sixty-horse power engiue, and ^hree boilers are kept in 
operation in the factory, in driving the different ma- 
chines, etc. The annual sales of this company aggregate 
a large sum, while the trade extends over all parts of the 
country, and is rapidly increasing. This company manu- 
facture Stoves for all purposes, and a fine stock of par- 
lor, cook, office and double heaters are always to be 
found in the stock. A full line of hoUowware forms an 
important part of their business, and during the .seasons 
of activity the shipments of these goods are enormous. 
Enjoying the best facilities, and being in close pox- 
imity to where the iron is produced, this firm can turn 
out a superior grade of work at such rates as places 
them beyond competition with similar establishments 
in other portions of the State. 

Always maintaining their reputation by the same 
quality of goods as upon which they built their trade, 
the business of the company is a growing one, and the 
importance and impetus it gives to the other business 
interest of the town cannot be over-estimated. This 
factory is under the supervision of Mr. A. C. Brodhead, 
a gentleman combining experience and practicability 
with a ripe knowledge of those laws which govern bus- 
iness affairs in general, and consequently the interests 
of the company, and those of the public are faithfully 
subserved. As before intimated the affairs is operated 
by a company of stockholders, the principal and most 
prominent of whom are G. B. Lindermau, Pre.sident, 
Bethlehem ; C. W. Anthony, of Bethlehem, Secretary 
and Treasurer; C. O. Skeer, Robert Klotz,SamueISmith, 
William Lilly, W. B. Mack, and A. G. Brodhead, all of 
whom are honorable and influential citizens of this por- 
tion of the State. 



KOCH & BROTHER, 

Manvfacti'keks and Jobbers of Cigars and To- 
bacco, Bank Stkeet, Lehighton. 
I. S. Koch and W. S. Koch, who constitute the firm of 

Koch & Brother, are natives of Northampton county, 



Pennsylvania, and are young men of admirable busi- 
ness tact and enterprise. In their pre.sent business they 
liave the leading store in the town, and enjoy a pros- 
l)erous trade. They occupy a well situated building on 
Bank street, and carry a full line of Tobacco, Cigars, 
and Smokers' goods in general, always keeping for the 
trade the best goods the markets afford. In their manu- 
factory they employ from eight to ten hands constantly, 
and by purchasing a superior quality of imported and 
domestic tobacco are enabled to make up and sell excel- 
lent Cigars. The "Bull Dozers" and "Our Own," are 
two brands of cigars of which this firm have the exclu- 
sive manufacture and sale, and being brands upon 
which they stake their reputation are decidedly tine. 
Besides these they make and handle "Royal D^'al Stand- 
ard" and "Fair Play" and other brands. Among their 
patrons are numbered many of the best people of the 
town, and the ability of the firm to furnish a superior 
article to their customers draws to them a liberal pa- 
tronage. 

Using none of the devices so well known to the trade, 
but manufacturing a straight, pure cigar, and represent- 
ing it in accordance with the facts, their reputation for 
honest dealing and upright business transactions stands 
unquestioned wherever they are known. 

Starting business in 1876, and by their enterprise fill- 
ing a want heretofore existing in the needs of the pub- 
lic at this point, they at once gained a foremost position 
in the trade, absorbing a greater part of the custom of 
other and less reliable dealers. 



DANIEL WIEAND, 

Carriage Builder, Corner of Iron and Bank 
Streets, Lehighton. 

To build a first-class finely finished light carriage or 
buggy, where staying qualities, beauty in design and 
elegance in finish are combined, requires as much skill, 
fine work and intelligence as the construction of a 
piano. Dining the past few years many notable im- 
provements have been made in the carriage building 
business until now it may be said to be far ahead of 
any other branch of mechanical science. In Lehighton 
there are different firms engaged in the business, but 
the long established reputation of the euterj)fise of 
Daniel Wieand, and the excellent quality of the work 
turned out entitles him to a place of prominence in 
considering the industries of Lehighton. The works 
have a frontage of twenty-five feet, extending back a 
distance of flWy feet, occupying two stories, in which 
the different stages of carriage building, from the pre- 
paration of the raw material to the handsomely furn- 
ished carriage are prosecuted. A number of excellent 
workmen are here constantly employed in turning out 
new work, and making repairs, and such business as is 
attendant upon the trade. In the erection of carriages 
Mr. Wieand uses his utmost care to select only the most 
suitable and best seasoned woods, and most durable 
material, and when manipulated by skilled mechanics 
the best results are obtained. Carriages and light 
wagons of all kinds are manufactured to order. 

The trade is a large one, all the capacity of his works 
being operated to meet the demands of the citizens of 
Lehighton and farmers of the surrounding neighbor- 
hood, and a perceptible gain in the business is manifest 
over the trade of previous years. 

ISIr. Wieand is a young man practical in the trade, 
and gives his establishment his personal supervision. 
He is a native of Lehighton, and is known to the com- 
munity as an enterprising business man, fully prepared 
to turn out work that will bear a favorable comparison 
with the product of similar establishments of the large 
cities. 



RESOTTRCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



173 



TREXT.ER X- KKKIDLER, 

CAuiu.uiKBi'ii.DKKs, Bank Str?:i;t, Lehighton. 

The carriage buikliiig business of leceul years Is a 
•branch of industry which has eiigiij^ed tlie attention of 
some of our most enterprising artisans, and in cousc- 
-quence the trade has grown to grratly extended pro- 
portions in every quarterof the United States, while the 
improvement in the product of tlie factories is but a 
respoyse to tlic demands of the times for something to 
te liandsomc and light as well as durable. Keeping 
apace with the times, and far ahcacl of many manu- 
facturers, the lirm of Messrs. Trexler & Kreidler are 
among the best Carriage Builders in the State. 

Established upwards of twenty years ago by an enter- 
prising buihler, the works had already the reputation 
for producing fine work when Messrs. Trexler & Kreid- 
ler became proprietors in 1877. Since then, however, 
instead of depending upon the already acquired repu- 
tation of tile house, they set to work ami began turning 
out u line of Coaches, Carriages, Pluetous, Buggies, Jen- 
ny Llnds, etc., that will commend themselves to the 
people in any part of the State. The selection of first 
-class material, well-seasoned wood, and tlic employ- 
ment of stiperior mechanics, are necessary to produce 
work of this kind that combines beauty of design, ele- 
gance of execution with good staying qualities. From 
eight to lifted! men, experienced and skillful artisans, 
are employed iu the different departments of the fac- 
tory, aided by all the most approved machinery to 
facilitate their work, and the product of their labor 
meets with ready sale among the homo patrons of 
the establishment. The building occupied is a 
large two-story factory, arranged and appointed 
with a view to convenience, and adaptability 
to the purpose for which it is employed. In the sales- 
room may be seen tine specimens of the handiwork of 
this firm, as a moderately large stock of Carriages are 
kept on show, 

The individual membersof the firm are M. C. Trexler, 
formerly of AUeutown, and H. R. Kreidler, formerly of 
Bath, both practical mechanics, who give the details 
their persou'al attention. The encouragement they are 
receiving is but a mark of appreciation which the pub- 
lic bestow upon their products as the work of skillful 
mechanics and honest tradesmen. 



WM. KEMEREK, 

General Store, Corner op Bank and South 
Streets, Lehiohton. ' 

Established about forty years ago when the town was 
but a half dozen scattering houses, the store has ever 
since been used as a point of supply fur the wants of 
the households of Lehightou and surrounding neigh- 
borhoods. Not, however, until 1SG8 when Mr. Kemerer 
became proprietor of the enterprise did the place as- 
sume the marked prominence, which has so rapidly 
given it a position of importance among the business 
concerns of the town. To cite the numerous articles 
kept iu stock-goods would seem needless, Dry Goods, 
Silks, Dress Goods, Sheetings, Toweling and Domestic 
Prints are kept in profusion; China, Glass, Queens and 
Wooden Ware in abundance; fancy and staple groce- 
ries, such as are kept in the grocery stores of large cities, 
beside a general assortment of fancy, plain and useful 
articles. The building is finely appointed and admir- 
ably arranged for the successful prosecution of the busi- 
ness to which it is devoted. Neatness and convenience 
are depicted upon every .side, whilst the clerks and as- 
sistants are genial and courteous. A fine and growing 
trade is enjoyed with the citizens of Lehightou and 
farmers of the surrounding neighborhood. 

Mr. Kemerer is a native of Mahoning township, but 



has resided in Lehighton sufficiently long to make his 
presence felt iu mercantile and social circles. 

J. L. GABEL, 

Hardware, Cutlery, Iron, Steel, Oils, Paints, 
Glass, Lumber and Coal, Bank Street, Lehigh- 
ton. 
The inception of this enterprise dates back .several 
years, coming under the proprietorship of Mr. J. L. 
Gabel iu 1876, the new impulse given to business at that 
time was perceptibly felt, and the trade has steadily in 
creased ever since. The store house, occupying an ad" 
vantageous position on Bank street, has a frontage of 
twenty feet, extending back to the depth of seventy- 
five feet, with a large building in the rear used for 
warehouse purposes, and a place for storing the heav- 
iest portion of the stock. Hardware of all kinds, and 
for all purposes ; Cutlery of the best and most reliable 
makes, Iron and Steel, Oils, Paints and Glass, all go to 
make up one of the best assorted stocks carried by any 
house in the trade, in the Lehigh Valley. 

Builders, Carpenters, and iu fact every business man 
is brought every day to feel the convenience of a store 
of this character, and it is needless to say the trade is a 
large one, Lumber and Stove Coal may be mentioned 
as a feature of the business from which a large amount 
of trade is derived, and which is conducted with equal 
satisfaction to the public. Mr. J. L. Gabel belongs to 
the class of so-called self-made men, and to his own 
pluck, energy and enterprise, are his mercantile pur- 
suits successful. With a mind equal to the emergen- 
cies demanded by business, he is enabled to watch the 
markets intelligently, and purchase goods at the most 
advantageous times. By a system of generous business 
principles, and a courteous, gentlemanly demeanor, he 
is held in high esteem by the people of the town. 

As a private citizen, he is known and highly regard- 
ed by all and not a little of the prosperity of the town 
is due to Mr. J. L. Gabel. 



C. T. HORN, M. D., 

Druggist, Bank Street, Lehighton. 

Established many years ago, and conducted ably and 
skillfully, this store has grown to be an important fac- 
tor in mercantile affairs of Lehighton. Since 1871), how- 
ever, at which time Dr. Horn became proprietor of this 
establishment, the affairs of the house have more rapid- 
ly developed, than at any period since its inception. — 
Situated in amply quarters in Lenckel's Block, in the 
centre of the town, in point of convenience and facilities 
for the prosecution of business the store is unsurpassed. 
Purity in drugs and medical compounds is a specialty 
which Dr. Horn, has built a reputation upon, and to 
which system he readily adheres. In stock he carries a 
full line of Chemicals, Patent Medicines, Drugs, Sun- 
dries, and such goods as are usually carried by metro, 
politan drug stores. The compounding of physicians' 
prescriptions and family receipts, is a feature in which 
Dr. Horn takes special aim to cxcell. Nothing but strict- 
ly pure and fresh drugs are ever permitted to enter 
into any of his prescriptions, compounds, or family re- 
ceipts. In fact, there is no room in the store for any 
inferior goods. The stock is bought only from strictly 
reliable houses, and Dr. Horn being a practical druggist 
is capable of making his selections intelligently. 

In addition to the drug business he carries a full line 
of NYall Papers, including the newest and neatest pal- 
terns, in which business he enjoys a large trade. Dr. 
Horn is a graduate of the College of Physicians aud- 
Surgeons, at Baltimore, and Is a regular practicing phy- 
sician. Possessing a thorough knowledge of medicine, 
and the laws upon which it is administered, he :s not 
only the more capable physician, but the belter quali- 
fied druggist. He is a native of Lehightou. 



174 



RESOURCES OF THE l.i:HI<iII VA1,1,KA'. 



II. H. PETERS, 

Merchant Tailor, P. O. Building, Lehighton' 

As viiriod as are the tastes of the public upon mat- 
ters pertaining to wearing apparal, so varied must be 
the resources of the successful merchant tailor of tlie 
present day, to meet the wants of his patrons; and mer- 
chant tailoring is assuming a degree of perfection tliat 
will ere long give it the dignity of a profession. The 
people of Lehighton and surrounding country, are par- 
ticularly fortunate in having in their midst Mr. H. H. 
Peters, one of the best tailors in this section of thecoun- 
try, for in him they will find a servant ever ready to cater 
to their needs and demands. Mr. Peters occupiesamost 
desirable store room, facing upon Bank street, in the 
Post Office building, in the centre of the town, where 
he prosecutes his business in a creditable and highly 
satisfactory mannei-. He employs about fifteen assist- 
ants, sliillful and competent during the season, a fact 
which will give an idea of the popularity of his cloth- 
ing, and the amount of trade he enjoys. He carries a 
large assortment of imported and domestic cloths and 
cassimeres, suitings, vestings, and everything desirable 
or obtainable in the trade. 

Particular attention is given the fitting and cutting 
of goods, while the trimming and finishing of suits are 
done in a manner that cannot but commend them to 
all under whose notice they may be brought. Mr. 
Peters keeps apace with the styles and demands of the 
period, and takes great pride in the quality and appear- 
ance of the clothing he turns out. He has held the re- 
■ i/onsible position of postmaster of Lehighton for a 



number of yi'urs. discluiij,'ing the duties of his trust 
witli care, discreliou and satisfaclimi 

MOSES HKII.M.VN, 

MKP.CKANr MiLi.Ki;, Bank Sti!Kkt, Lr.iiKiMTu.N'. 

Among the land marks of Eeliighton, there is none 
more familiar to the oldest inlialiilants of this section 
than the mill ])roperty of Mo.ses Heilman. For nearly 
a century past the site has been occupied as a mill, an<'! 
here some of the first settlers brought tlieir grain tt) have 
it converted into flour and meal. Time and the demands 
of the public necessitating greater facilities, the old mill 
gave way to a new building of modern structure, pro- 
vided with new and improved conveniences. The mill 
has three run of burrs, with ample water power for 
their successful operation, beside all the modern appli- 
ances for the production of first-class flour. Built in 
1847, the facilities have been frequently improved by 
the addition of new machinery, until now it is one of 
the most complete mills in this part of the State. Giv- 
ing the utmost attention to the business in all its de- 
tails, the mill has acquired the reputation of producin<.' 
the best flour to be obtained in the country. A .store 
house was established in 1867, on Bank street, wherein 
the product of this mill are kept in quantities sufficient 
to meet the wants of the public. 

Moses Heilman is a man practical in the business 
and devotes his entire time to the operation of itsafiairs. 
He is known and highly respected by the entire com - 
munity, and is a straightforward, energetic buslD'.- 
man. 




MSUCH CHUNK. 



HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH OF THIS PROMINENT COAL AND RAILROAD 
CENTRE A WONDERFULLY-BUILT TOWN, AND SURROUNDED BY RO- 
MANTIC SCENERY A REVIEW OF ITS BUSINESS INTERESTS. 



Upon the right bank of the river Lehigh, forty- 
six miles from Easton, one hundred and twenty- 
one miles from New York, and eighty-nine 
miles from Philadelphia, is located the romantic 
town of Mauch Chunk*. The borough takes its 
name from a contiguous mountain, some six 
hundred feet in height, which over-looks it from 
the east, called by the Indian hunters of by -gone 
3'ears, ^'Machk Tschunk," and is one of the most 
conspicious and abrupt elevations connected with 
the surrounding country. 

The town is situated in the deep, narrow, and 
tortuous valley of the Lehigh at one of its 
many curved angles, and on the west side of the 
stream, which, at this point, just before its course 
changes from a southerly to an easterly direction, 
is from ten to twelve rods wide. The place is 
literally siarrounded and hemmed in by moun- 
tains, and unapproachable except by mountain 
roads, the Lehigh Valley Canal from the South- 
east, and Lehigh Valley and New Jersey Central 
Railroads from the same direction, and also from 
the North — the two former following the curves 
of the mountain and river, on the eastside of the 
valley, and the latter on the west. 

The four principal mountains in the near 
vicinity of the borough are Bear Mountain on 
the east, Mauch Chunk on the south and west. 
Mount Pisgah on the northwest, and Broad 
Mountain on the north. These romantic high- 
lands, ranging from six hundred to one thousand 
feet above the Lehigh, descend so abruptly to the 
water's edges, that the railway tracks have been 
cleft, as a matter of necessity, through and along 
their lower edges, and are supported in different 
places on solid and massive piers of stone mas- 

*This singular name Is of Aboriginal or Indian origin, 
and signifies "Bear Mountain." It should be pro- 
nounced as if written "Mock Chunk," although most 
people not familiar with the locality pronounce it 
llau Chunk. 



sonry, which have involved a vast amount of 
money and labor. 

ITS EARLY HISTORY, 

Mr. E. H. Ranch, editor of the Carbon County 
Democrat, has kindly furnished us with the fol- 
lowing epitomized history of Mauch Chunk, 
which was read by him at the laying of the cor- 
ner-stone of Concert Hall, August 10, 1831. 

In the year 1791, a hunter named Philip Cin- 
der, discovered a fallen tree at Summit Hill, 
with particles of anthracite coal brought up with 
the roots of the tree, and this was the discovery 
of anthracite coal in this country. The coal was 
examined and pronounced good. Two years 
later, in 1793, "The Lehigh Coal Mine Company" 
was formed, and they purcha.'«ed from Jacob 
Weiss the tract of land on which the coal Wiis 
found. The mine, or quarry, on the top of the 
mountain, was opened, and the sum of $26.67 
(ten pounds) was appropriated to construct a 
road to the landing of the Lehigh river, at a 
place known as Mauch Chunk, which is the In- 
dian name of Bear Mountain. But, the attempts 
made from time to time to get the coal to mar- 
ket by different individuals who secured leases, 
at remunerative prices, proved fruitless, owing 
chiefly to the rocky bed of the river. The orig- 
inators of this company were John Nicholson, 
Michael Hilligas and Charles Cist. In 1813 the 
company executed a lease to Messrs. Miner, Cist 
and Robinson, who dispatched five ark loads 
from the landing, but only two of them 
reached Pliiladelphia and the other three wreck- 
ed on the passage down. The coal at Pliiladel- 
phia sold for $21 per ton, but even that price 
failed to remunerate. 

Josiah White and Erskine Hazard, proprietors 
of a wire mill at Falls of Schuylkill, Philadel- 
phia, resolved to try the use of anthracite, and 
Mr. F. A. Hauto, who was reputed wealthy, visi- 



176 



EESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



ted the Loliifih region and secured a lease from 
the Lehigh Coal Mine Company for twenty years. 
They obtained an act of the Legislature author- 
izing them t(^ improve the Lehigli river, includ- 
ing the right to construct a slackwater naviga- 
tion to the lumbering region in the vicinity of 
White Haven. At this time there was no hu- 
man habitation in the Lehigh Valley between 
Mauch Chunk and White Haven, and thirteen 
liouses constituted all the settlements down the 
valley as far as the Lehigh (iap. 

Messrs. White and Hazard, who were the real 
business pioneers, next proceeded to raise $50,- 
000 stock suljscriptions to the enterprise of im- 
proving the Lehigh. Some of the subscribers to 
the enterprise of improving the river had no 
faith in coal, but were influenced by the prospect 
of a profitable lumber trade. The company thus 
formed in 1818 was called the "Lehigh Navigation 
Company," and a few months later, during the 
same year, "The Lehigh Coal Company" was 
formed to make a good road from Summit Hill 
to Mauch Chunk, and it was completed in 1819. 
It was regularly graded with a view of laying 
rails at a later period if deemed expedient. The 
original "Lehigh Coal Mine Company" not hav- 
ing accomplished anything, became extinct. In 
April. 1820, tlie two Companies united under 
the name and title of "The Lehigh Goal and 
Navigation Company," and $20,000 additional 
stock was sold, the greater part of it bought b\- 
Messrs. White and Hazard. This was followed 
by additional river improvements, and during 
the year named, 3G5 tons of coal were sent to 
Philadelphia. The improvements were continued 
and the tonnage, as well as the demand for coal 
increased. In 1821 the coal sent amounted to 
1073 tons; and in 1822 it increased to 2,240 tons. 
The boats then used consisted of square boxes or 
arks, 16 to 18 feet wide and 20 to 25 feet long. 
Two of them were joined together by hinges to 
allow them to bend up or down in passing dams 
or sluices. Boats of this kind were used until 
1831. They could not be brought back, and 
after making the tri[) to Philadelphia they were 
broken up and the plank sold. 

In 1826 the tonnage amounted to 31,000 tons, 
and then the Company resolved to construct the 
gravity railroad from the Summit Hill mines 
down to Mauch Chunk, and the work was com- 
pleted in 1827. Next followed the Panther 
Creek Railroad, being an extension from Sum- 
mit Hill into Panther Creek Valley, also by grav- 
itation, witi) two inc'ined planes to draw the 
coal from the valley up to Summit Hill. This 
was known as the Switch-back Railroad by 
reason of self-acting switches toenablethe empty 
cars to run down ziz-zag into the valley. In run- 
ning the coal from Summit Hill to Mauch 
Chunk a special car was provided for mules, 
■who was required to work their passage back to 
the mines, drawing the empty cars after them. 



In 1827, the cajntal stock of the Company was 
increased to half a million dollars, and it was 
decided to construct a perfect canal, and the 
work was i)ushed forward and finished in 1829— 
under the su])rintendance of Josiah White. 

In 1831 a live mile long Railroad was eon- 
structed from the Landing, one mile above Mauch 
Chunk to Room Run Mines, at Nesquehoning. 
In 1835 the Company secured the service of Edwin 
A. Douglas asSui)erintendent and Engineer, and 
the work of extending the canal to White Haven 
was put under contract, and in due time com- 
pleted. In 1837 an act passed the Legislature, 
authorizing the Comi)any to construct a Railroad 
to connect the canal at White Haven with North 
Branch Division of the Pennsylvania Canal at 
Wilkes-Barre. On January 1st, 1850, the capital 
stock of the L. C. & N. G. amounted to $1,503,550 ; 
the permanent loans $4,011,503, making a total- of 
$5,575,053. 

The Company met with severe loss by a de- 
structive freshet in 1841, but the damages were 
speedily repaired, and the Company continued to 
prosper. 

In 1845 Josiah White projected the "Back- 
track" railway, also by gravitation, to run the 
empty cars from Mauch Chunk back to Summit 
Hill. The Mount Pisgah inclined jjlane was 
(constructed, 2,308 feet long and 660 feet per- 
pendicular lift. The cars were drawn up by a 
stationary engine, thence by a gradual descent 
seven jniles and by a similar plane 1,700 feet 
long and 470 feet lift, up Mount Jetferson, land- 
ing at the Summit Hill mines. 

The construction of the Nesquehoning Valley 
Railroad, with tunnel into Panther Creek Valley, 
rendered the original gravitation road from Sum- 
mit Hill to Mauch Chunk, the Back-track and 
the Switch-back, useless to the coal carrying 
business, but owing to their novelty they are 
kept up to the present day as a pleasure route, 
except the Switch-back, which was since taken 
up and has now no existance except in name. It 
i<now owned by the New Jersey Central Rail- 
r )ad, and run by a private party. 

The Beaver Meadow Railroad was finished in 
1836— from Parryville, seven miles below Mauch 
Chunk, up to the Beaver Meadow Mines. The 
Hazleton Railroad was constructed about the 
same time, connecting with the Beaver Meadow 
at Weatherly. 

The Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company 
then resolved to obtain the necessary legislation 
to abandon the canal above Mauch Chunk and 
construct, in lieu thereof, a railroad, which nlan 
was carried out, and the road was extended to 
Easton, and subsequently leased to the Central 
Railroad Company of New Jersey 

The proposed site for the town soon after the 
beginning of the improvements for the canal, 
was occupied by several houses, but all con- 
structed to accommodate the circumstances of the 



RRSornCES OF THE LEHIOII VALLEY. 



177 



laboring coninuinity, and witli le.s.-s regard to taste 
and elegance, than convenience and economy. 
In 1832 Maiich Chunk contained about one hun- 
dred and fifty dwellings and shops of almost 
every description. The dei)endence of the Coal 
and Navigation Company at that time, at and 
r^ear Mauch Cliunk, gave employment to about 
four hundred men, principally miners. At about 
this time the great improvements of tliis com- 
pany were brought to a conclusion, and from 
tliat time to the present, tlie town has continued 
'to increase, until it lias justly acquired the celeb- 
rity of an active ])usiness })lace, as well as 
become a fashionable and favorite summer re- 
sort. 

INCORPORATION OF THE TWO BOROUriUS. 

Mauch Cliunk was incorporated as a borough in 
1851, and that portion on the left bank, now 
■known as East Mauch Chunk, was raised into a 
borough about 1866. The former is the seat of 
Justice of Carbon County, and upon the main 
street is now .situated the court-house, a com- 
manding structure. The county jail is compar- 
atively a new building, and has become noted as 
the scene of the Jianging of several MoUie Ma- 
guires, at the time this organization created such 
consternation throughout the coal region a few 
years ago. 

THE GREAT FRESHET. 

The Lehigh river above Mauch Chunk, during 
most of tlie year, appears to be little more than 
an overgrown brook, which pursues its course in 
the most eratic manner imaginable. It is ever a 
restless, turbulent stream, running swiftly, and at 
no point presenting an ai^pearance of sluggishness 
but wlien the snows upon the mountains melt in 
the spring and swell its waters, it becomes a 
raging torrent and capable of doing much mis- 
chief. Prior to 1862 the Lehigh Coal and Navi- 
gation Company made the river subservient to 
their interests, and utilized it for canal and slack- 
water navigation to White Haven, which was 
then the shipping i)ointfor coal of the Wyoming 
Valley. In the spring of 1862 the dam at White 
Haven gave away, and the cataract rolled in 
resistless, constantly increasing volume down the 
valley. Within a few hours all the improve- 
ments on the river were swept away, and those 
between Mauch Chunk and "White Haven were 
never replaced. Immense damage to property 
in Mauch Chunk also resulted from the disa-iter, 
the angry flood rising as liigli as the second story 
of the Mansion House. Many lives were lost 
during the freshet. In 1869 another freshet oc- 
curred, which was less destructive. 

POPULATION. 

In 1830 the population of the town was 700 ; in 
1840,1,200; 1850, 2,.5o7; 1860, 5,500; 1870, 7,000; 
and in 1880, the old borough, (Mauch Clulnk)' 
has 5,210, and tlie new one, (East Mauch Chunk) 
;!,S41, making a total in tlie town of 0,051, which 



seems an increditable number, wlicn the limited 
space built upon is taken into consideration. 

THE TOWN OF TO-DAY. 

When the visitor lands in Manch Chunk, for 
the first time, after passing through the magnifi- 
cent scenery of its railway approaches, from 
either direction, he looks around him in utter 
amazement and feels as if he had been suddenly 
set down in some foreign land among scenes 
wholly unlike any hehas ever before seen on this 
side of the Atlantic, and can scarcely realise that 
he is in a secluded inland town of Eastern Penn- 
sylvania. If he arrives by the Lehigli Valley 
Railway, on reaching the platform at the depot; 
and facing west, he at once obtains a view worth 
coming a hundred miles to see. On his riglit 
hand, and towering almost above his head, is 
Bear Mountain, clotJied in fresh foliage and 
verdure, if in summer ; or in leafless and subdued 
grace or mantled with snow, if in winter, with a 
sufficient growth of evergreens to render the view 
a pleasing and agreeable one. On his left and 
sweeping around to his front, on the opposite 
sideof the winding Lehigh, and only twenty or 
thirty rods away, lumes up, to the very clouds, 
Mauch Chunk or South Mountain, more than 
nine hundred feet high, and so steep that an as- 
cent, even on foot, seems nearly im{)ossible; 
while to the jiorthwest, beyond the most singular 
and irregular looking village on which liis be- 
wildered vision ever fell, is seen the summit of 
Mount Pisgah, and the chimneys of the steam- 
power which elevates the cai-s and passengers of 
that modern miracle of genius up the half-mile 
inclined plane, at the top of which commences 
the six-mile gravity-run to the foot of Mount 
Jefferson. 

Above the bridge connecting the depot of the 
valley road with the town, is a high dam, 
which was constructed for slack water and canal 
navigation purposes, over which the current falls 
in an unbroken sheet, flecking the stream below 
with dancing masses of foam. 

From the river stretches the leading street of 
the town, hemmed in on each side by mountains 
which scarcely leave room for the houses, in 
many places the rear end of the garden being flfty 
feet or more above the level of the street. Ap- 
parently when the town outgrew the limits of 
this street, and the other along tlie river, the 
residents were compelled to seek other land, and 
a flat piece about 250 feet up tlie hill, was built 
upon, and now called Upper Mauch Chunk. 

EAST MAUCH CHo'NK. 

Upon a beautiful plane on the opposite side of 
the river, there is now a handsonie borough, 
known as East Mauch Chunk, and incorporated 
as such about fourteen years ago. Tiiis spot, 
the largest piece of land in the vicinity, and even 
this is liiuited, and in most sections would be 
considered as elevated. This borough will, prob- 



178 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



ably, in the course of a few years, lead her older 
sister in population, but not for many years, in 
business and wealth. The town has an excellent 
supply of water, being derived from a natural 
spring, and distributed over the borough by 
pipes, direct from the source, without the use or 
necessity of a reservoir. The two boroughs of 
Mauch Chunk and East Mauch Chunk, are closely 
allied and we will liereafter treat of the commu- 
nity as one. 

THE COAL INTEREST. 

The inception of the town is owing entirely to 
the discovery of coal, and everything at the pres- 
ent time is subordinated to this great interest. 
llere is the coal shipping point for a vast extent 
of country, and here at all times may be seen the 
continual moving trains of the two railroads, 
freighted with the "dusky diamonds" from the 
bowels of the earth. Here are the offices of the 
Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company, who 
were the pioneers in this great coal region, and 
to whose herculean and undefatigable efforts in 
the early history, is due the prosperity to a great 
extent of the present town. At this point be- 
gins the canal, that, while carrying considerable 
less quanity of coal than the railroad, is still an 
important factor in getting to market one of the 
greatest elements of our State's wealth. 

THE LATE HON. ASA PACKEB. 

While this name is the property of the whole 
valley and State, to serve an honor, it be- 
longs to Mauch Chunk to be the immediate 
scene of his labors. Early in the stage of im- 
provements inaugurated by liini, he took up his 
residence in the place, and was up to the time of 
his death, the controlling spirit of the town's 
being. His fine home occupies a commanding 
site overlooking the river and the great enter- 
prise that he brought to successful life — the Le- 
high Valley Railroad, while almost over the top 
of the house is the cemetery wherein lies his re- 
mains. Asa Packer is a name that is stamped 
indellibly among those of the greatest men of 
the Commonwealth, not only for the wonderful 
success secured in the building and manage- 
ment of the great road of the valley, but 
the many benevolent acts that marked as mile- 
stones his entire life. 

CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, <feC. 

St. Mark's Episcopal Church. — The first Epis- 
copal services held in Mauch Chunk were by 
William H. Sayre, who came here from Phila- 
delphia in 1829. They were held in an old 
school house on Broadway, above Quarry street. 
The first service held by a clergyman — Rev. 
James A. May, of Wilkes-Barre, was November 
23, 1834. The Parish was organized May 17, 1835. 
The first rector was Rev. Richard F. Burnham. 
The original church edifice was occupied for 
the first time on Christmas day, 1848. Consecra- 
ted by Right Rev. Alonzo Potter, D. D., July 13, 
1852. The church edifice was rebuilt in 1867 and 



the present one erected at a cost of about $70,000. 
The chime of bells were placed in the tower im 
1876, at a cost of $3,508. In 1880 the family 
of Asa Packer, who died May 19, 1879, erected to- 
his memory the stone Altar and Reredos. In 1881 
Mrs. Sarah M. Packer erected the stone parish 
building, also as a memorial to her husband, 
Asa Packer. Rector, Rev. Marcus Alden Tol- 
man. 

Methodist Episcopal Church— The first house 
of worship was erected in 1833 ; the second in 1843- 
and the third, now in use, in 1873. The present 
pastor is Rev. E. H. Hoffman. 

Presbyterian Church. — Present house of wor- 
ship completed in 1858. The first pastor of the- 
church was Rev. Richard Webster. :. Present pas- 
tor, Rev. Edsel Ferrier. 

Catholic — Church of the Immaculate Concep- 
tion. Erected in 1848. Rev. Father M. A, 
Brunce, pastor. 

Evangelical — Zion's Church. House of wor- 
ship, built in 1869; Rev. D. S. StaufFer, pas- 
tor. 

Lutheran— St. John's Church. House of wor- 
ship now used built in 1877. Pastor, Rev. J^ 
Lindenstruth. 

At this time there are 13 schools — 7 in the 
First and 6 in the Second Ward. Whole num- 
ber of scholars enrolled during the year, 987 ; of 
which number 510 are males, and 447 females. 
The Board of Directors are A. W. Butler, Presi- 
dent ; Robert Q. Butler. Secretary ; Douglas Mc- 
Lean, Treasurer; William C.Morris, Jr., H. F. 
Kneal and Charles Noast. Amount of taxes for 
1880, $5,026.34. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

The borough of Mauch Chunk contains three 
weekly newspapers, as follows : 

The Mauch Chunk Goal Gazette, published by 
0. B. Singley and assisted editorially by H. A. 
Van Fredenberg. 

The Mauch Chunk Democrat, published and 
edited by Jos. Lynn. 

The Carbon County Democrat, published and 
edited by E. H. Ranch, assisted by his son, 
Lawrence L. Rauch. 

SOCIETIES. 

The town well supports a number of societies, 
their names being as follows : 

Lodge No. 242, Free and Accepted Masons ; 
Lilly Chapter, R. A. Masons ; Packer Command'y 
Sir Knight Templar ; Mauch Chunk Lodge No. 
76, Independent Order of Odd Fellows ; Carbon 
Encampment No. 21 ; Norma Grove No. 23 
Order of Druids ; Carbon County Council No. 
65 Order of United American Mechanics : Mt. 
Pisgah Council No. 123 Junior Order of United 
American Mechanics ; Chapman Post No. 61 
Grand Army of the Republic; Mauch Chunk 
Council No. 127, Royal Arcanium ; Onoko 
Lodge No. 77, Knights of Honor, Mauch Chunk 
Lodge No. 193 Knights of Pythias ; Mt. Pisgah 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



179 



Lodge No. 25!), Knights and Ladies of Honor ; 
Oadets of Teinporance; Immaculate Conception 
Total Abstinence Society ; Kossuth Lodge No. 3G, 
D. 0. Harragari ; Minerva Lycura. 

FIRE COMPANIES. 

Tiie excellent supply of water enables Mauch 
Chuitk? to • successfully battle with the lire ele- 
ment, the natural fall being sufficient to force the 
water over tlie roofs of the higliest houses. On 
the 15th of July, 1849, the town was visited by 
the most serious lire in its history, destroying 
some twenty-five buildings, and causing a loss of 
about $150,000. llie water-works were not then 
completed. The fire companies of the borough 
are as follows: Marion Hose No. 1, with Steamer; 
Pliojnix HoJie Company No. 2; Diligent Hose No. 
3; Rescue Hook and Ladder Company No. 1. 

BANKING INSTITUTIONS, ETC. 

The Banking Institutions are: First National 
Bank— President, A. W. Leisenring ; Cashier, A. 
W. Butler; Teller, Edgar Twining; General Book- 
keeper, \V. R. Butler; Clerk, Ira Ross. Second 
National Bank — President, T. L. Foster; Cashier, 
James M. Dreisbach. Banking House of G. B. 
Linderman & Co. — Samuel S. Smith, Cashier. 

Other corporations, &c. — The Mauch Chunk 
Water Company — President, Robert Klotz; Se- 
cretary, Samuel S. Smith; Treasurer, C. 0. Skeer. 
The Mauch Chunk Gas Company — A. G. Brod- 
head, Jr., President; Secretary and Treasurer, 
Samuel S. Smith. 

CONCEKT HALL. 

The liberality and public spirit of a few of the 
•prominent business men of Mauch Chunk, is 
giving the town what will be when comj^leted, 
•one of the finest public halls in the State. 

The corner-stone was laid with due ceremony 
August 10, 1881, and the building will be rapidly 
pushed to completion. It is located on the site 
of the old market, and will be a handsome and 
imposing structure of brick, with stone trim- 
mings, and will cost, when finished, about 
$26,000. This cost is borne entirely by private 
gentlemen who receive from the borough five 
per cent, interest on the cost for ten years, at 
the end of which time the building becomes the 
absolute property of the borough. In the mean 
time the entire income, as well as the manage- 
ment of the building, is in the hands of the 
borough Council. A market-house will occupy 
the entire ground floor, admirably adajftcdto the 
purpose, and making one of the finest buildings 
I'ur tlie purpose in this part of the State. 

The hall will liave a seating capacity of 650, 
provided with improved folding chaii-s, and 
elegantly appointed in every respect. The stage 
is 28 feet deep— the full width of the building. 
When comi)leted, Concert Hall will be an or- 
nament to the town, and a lasting monument to 
the public spirit and liheraiity of the men who 
have so generously ((lilt rii)ult'd to its erection. 



ITS ATTRACTIONS FOR TOURISTS. 

We conclude the sketch of Mauch Chunk with 
the following, which was written evidently by a 
person thoroughly acquainted with the beauties 
of the scenery of the town and surrounding 
country. The subject is full of interest, and 
justice could scarcely be done it, in a space so 
limited as that at our command : 

"Mauch Chunk in itself has many attractions; 
the streets are broad and clean, the pavements 
wide and kept in good order, and, what is a great 
acquisition to any place, is its system of sewenige;- 
the Mauch Chunkcreek, which runs parallel with 
the princijial street, and which is arched over the 
greaterpart of the distance, prevents the accumu- 
lation of any matter deleterious to healtii ; add to 
this an abundant supj>ly of the purest spring 
water, which is introduced throughout most of 
the dwellings; the streets, stores, hotels, and 
private houses lighted with gas ; the beautiful 
walks, the pleasant drives, the excellent carriage 
roads, the gravity railroads, and above all the 
good fellowship, the genial hospitality, the quick 
intellect, tiie rapid appreciation, and the racy 
humor of its citizen.s — all tend to lead one to the 
opinion as expressed by a celebrated man, who 
annually visits the place, ' That Mauch Chunk 
has no duplicate upon eartli, so decided are its 
peeuliarities' ; it lies in what has happily been 
called 'The Switzerland of Pennsylvania.' It is 
a place which everybody has visited, will visit, or 
ought to visit. You may have fleeted your hour 
at Saratoga, stood wonder stricken over Niagara 
Falls, sailed over all the lakes and what not in 
the country; you may have made a tour to 
Europe, circumnavigated the globe, but after all, 
if you have not passed through the Lehigh Gap, 
tan-ied at Mauch Chunk, and been whirled down 
the mountain and up the planes to the summit, 
you have not seen everything by a great sight. 
In short, you must either go to Mauch Chunk, 
or forego all claim to the character of a finished 
tourist." 

In connection with Mauch Chunk, one of the 
most interesting points is to the well-known 

SWITCHBACK. 

This is the title, by courtesy, of the famous 
Mt. Pisgah Gravity Railroad. The engineering 
feature which gave rise toils peculiar ajipclation 
has long since been supei"seded by a curving and 
continuous route. 

The Switchback road was built for the pur- 
pose of taking coal over the mountain to tlie 
shipping port of IMauch Chunk. Since the 
completionof the Nestpiehoning tunnel, however, 
comparatively little coal has been sent over its 
tracks, and is now chiefly used for pleasure trips. 

Upon the arrival of every train, coaches are in 
vaiting to convey visitors to the foot of the first 
incline. Good pedestrians will find it agreeable 
to take the short cut afoot, passing up the stone 



180 



RESOURCES OF THE LEIIIGII VALLEY. 



steps at tlie terminus of the river front street, 
wliile tlie coach pursues a much longer route up 
the mountain road and tlirough LTpper Mauch 
Chunk. 

Near the foot of the incline are found spacious 
summer cars. After "all aboard !" has been 
sounded, the brakes are slackened, and the cars 
runs per force of gravitation to tlie immediate foot 
of the incline, which stretches away one thousand 
three hundred and twenty-two feet above, 
to an apparently diminutive engine house flanked 
by a couple of smoke-stacks, wliere the motive 
power is Inddeii whicli lifts the car to the top. 
From out of a pit, between the rails of our track, 
a compact and deliberate little affair, known as 
the "barney," rises and sets its nose against the 
rear of the car. It is fitted with safety appli- 
ances, and sh.'uld tlie iron band which runs over 
the circular blocks, or any of the machinery 
above break from any cause, the "barney" would 
"stop short," and the car winild still be safe. 

Tlie ascent, at an angle of perhaps forty-five 
degrees, is certainlj' novel and exhilirating. As 
we mount I'apidly, the three Mauch Chunks re- 
veal themselves beneath us, tlie sinuosities of the 
Lehigh shaje their contiguration !ar below on 
either hand, while long and snake-like coal trains 
creep along the bordering tracks. 

Far away to the hills of the Delaware and be- 
yond, the great billowing mountains heave in 
Titanic grandeur until lost from very distance. 
The tourist may see, in clear weather, not only the 
Delaware Water Gap, but Schoolcy's mountain, 
in New Jersey, sixty miles away, and he is face 
to face with much of nature's boldest work. He 
realizes how futile, after all. is the dominion of 
man, and how small the real lodgement lie has 
upon the face of the earth. The I'everie is broken, 
just here, by the conductor's warning voice, and 
in another moment, the car is off again. 



GLEN ONOKO. 

can be reached from Mauch Chunk in a few min- 
uter by trains, almost any hour of the day. 

The great popularity of the limestone glens of 
Central New York, prompted the Lehigh. 
Valley Railroad Company to develop the dell,, 
which was formerly known as Moore's Ravine.. 
The pathway which leads one successfully from 
one fine point of view to another, and over fre- 
quent bridges of rustic timber work, is the only 
improvement made; nature's handiwork being 
left in its rich simplicity of form and tangle. 
The depot itself is a rustic creation, happily ty- 
pical of the beauties beyond. 

The first feature of the glen, notable as ex- 
plorers jiass within its shadows, is the cool breath 
of air flowing downward with the stream, 
obedient to nature's laws of gravitation. 

It is hardly fair to compare this glen with- 
those of Watkins and Havana. It is the differ- 
ence of a pastoral and a eoul-stirring anthem. 
Each developes beauties peculiar to itself, while 
the view — when one has once attained Packer's 
Point — is confessedly superior. Glen Onoko is a 
casket of nature's gems, such as Herzog knows 
how to paint so well. 

Its several cascades are christened in a nonien^ 
clature expressive, in a falicitous way, of their 
beauties. So we have "Hidden Sweet," "Crys- 
tal," "Moss," "Spectre," "Elfin," and "Terrace" 
Cascades, as well as the "Lover's Bath," "Pulpit. 
I Rocks," "Heart of tlie Glen," the beautiful "Cha- 
melon," "Home of the Mist," and "Onoko 
Falls." 

It is a hard task indeed to say which of all 
these is the more worthy of admiration. Each 
in turn will have its meed of praise. 



JOHN H. FAGA, 

Sewing Machines .\nd Organs. 

The sales of sewing machines in all parts of the United 
States has increased, until at the present time their pro- 
duction is one of the most important industries in the 
manufacturing line. Mr. Faga has been engaged in ca- 
tering to the wants of the people of Mauch Chunk and 
vicinit.v iu this branch of business for seven years, and 
now occupies a desirable .store at No. 50 Susquehanna 
street. He makes a business of supplying any machine 
wanted, and has usually in store, the Domestic, Howe, 
American. Household, Davis. WilsDii and New Home. 
He is also local agent fur tlie wcll-kuowii White Ma- 
chine, and keeps iu stock a complete assortment of 
sewing machine attachments and supplies of all kinds, 
a feature of great convenience to the public. 

Mr. Faga is also a dealer in Organs, and has placed 
several iu families about Mauch (.'hunk. 

He lias the advantage of being a good mechanic, as 
well as a first class operator, and thoroughly understands 
the machine business iu all its branches. He devotes 
his entire attention to the details of his trade, and his 
customers may place entire dependence ou his repre- 
sentations. 

Mr. Faga is particularly adapted to the business in 



which he is engaged, and is a courteous and pleasant 
gentleman. 



HOOVEN BROS, 

East Mauch Chunk. 

The most enterprising merchants of this thrifty little 
towu, are Messrs Hooveu Bros, who opened their model 
store in 187-1, at a very desirable location on the corner 
of Centre and Fourth streets. The store embraces an 
unusually complete assortment of the extensive class 
of goods needed in a general stock, all of which are 
selected witli care and judgment, and well calculated 
to meet the wants of their trade. No dead stock can be 
found on their shelves or counters, but a desirable as- 
sortment of staple and fancy Dry Goods, Groceries aud 
and Notions, can be found here always, aud at reason- 
able prices. 

They also carry au extensive stock of Drugs, Chemi- 
cals, and Proprietary Medicii^e.s, the quality of which 
can be depended upon. Under the management of 
these young men the store is enjoying more than au or- 
dinary degree of prosperity, and the proprietors are- 
gentlemeu with whom it is a pleasure to transact busi- 
ness. 



RESOTTKCES OF THE LEHIGH VAT,1,EY. 



1'81 



WHITNEY & KEMMERER. 

Mi.Ni-.RSANu Shih'kksof Coal, Offices, Mauch 
Chunk and 187 South Skcond St., Philadkh-hia- 
There is no other section of country in ihe United 
States richer in the production of coal tliau the far- 
famed Lehigli Valley. The formation of the coal in 
this section i.s somewhat peculiar, and is regarded by 
the trade as superior to that mined in any other fields 
of the State. The rapid development and growth made 
in the trade during the past ten years is an item of in- 
terest to every one residing in the State, and will enter 
as an epoch in the commercial and industrial welfare 
of the United Stales. The quality of the coal produced 
from these fields, together with the excellent facilities 
for its distribution to all points of the country are hav- 
ing a tendency to give the product of the Lehigh Valley 
a decided preference in the large markets. The "Val- 
ley" is being capidly honeycombed with these mines and 
shafts, and the coal produced here per annum would 
seem if placed in round numbers, almost incredible. 
The coal operators of the Lehigh Valley, are as a class 
Of men conducting large business enterprises, perhaps 
second to no other in thia country; having acquired a 
reputation for honorable dealing, promptness in the 
discharge of their aflairs and ability to furnish a supe- 
rior articleofcoal.they maintain theirstandiug through 
the same admirable business principles. No firm or 
company in this section of the country stands higher 
in the estimation of the public, or better with the trade 
than Messrs. Whitney & Kemmerer, of Mauch Chunk. 
This firm conduct one of the largest trades in the Val- 
ley, their annual shipments to the large markets, being 
in 1«80, 50(1,000 tons. Messrs. Whitney & Kcmm.'rer deal 
in Upiier Leliigb, Honey Brook and other first class 
coals, and have their offices located at Mauch Chunk, 
and at No. 137 South Second Street, Philadelphia. They 
operate and are the sole agents for two large mines 
known as Sandy Run and Harleigh, which produce 
from 12.5,000 to ir)0,000 tons of coal per annum. About 
four hundred men and boys are here con.stantly em- 
ployed, and the annual disbursements in wages is very 
large. All the most approved and best adapted imple- 
ments and machinery for the successful prosecution of 
the business are enjoyed, enabling them to put the coal 
on the market at the lowest possible cost. The Sandy 
Run and Harleigh coals, are known in all parts of the 
• country, and theirgrowing popularity is manifest by the 
increasing demand coming from all parts. 

Messrs. Whitney & Kemmerer are tlie exclusive 
agents at tide water for the product of the celeiirated 
"Upper Lehigh," "Council Ridge," "Sandy Run," "Buck 
Mounlain" and "Red .\sh Coal Company" mines. 

This firm arc prompt in Ilu- sliipnient of ihcir orders, 
and liberal in business transactions. The individival 
members of the firm are VV. B. Whitney, who attends to 
tlie business of the firm at the Philadelphia office, and 
M. S. Kemmerer, who with a host of ca,. able assistantsi 
ailendsto the interests of the (irm at Mauch Chunk, 
and at the mines. Both are practical to the business, 
noted as a firm for their honorable dealing, and are 
v'l.unted among the representative coal merchants of 
I'vnnsylvania. 

M. A. ROBISON, 

Mauch Chunk Stkam Ei.ourMiu-, Susquehanna 

Strf.kt and Bkoadwav. 
This mill has a capacity for the manufacture of thir- 
ty live barrels of superior family Hour per day, erected 
more than a quarter of a <'enlury ago, and now suppli- 
ed with all the modern conveniences and approved ap- 
pliances for the prose<-ution of the business, the mill 
has been operated <on<iauily. Being the only one in 
the town, and in tint the immediate neighborhood. 



it is a great convenience to the pujdlc. The reputa- 
tion enjoyed for mnnulactnring good Hour and meal, is 
such as requires the mill to be operated much of the 
time, both night and day, in order to keep the supply 
up to the demand. The brands of flour put >ipon the 
market are well known, and need no words of com- 
mendation at our hands, as they are used in almost 
every household in the tow n, and have a large sale in 
the surrounding country. The mill is a large building 
with three run of stones, and other machinery of the 
most approved kinds. 

M. a. Robison, the agent and operator of the mill, is 
a pmcliciil miller and a good business man. He pur- 
chases the best quality of wheat to be obtained in the 
market, and exercises the greatest care to keej) the pro- 
duct up to a standard of uniform excellence. In all 
the different four stages of manufacture, the opeialiou 
is under the supervision of careful millers. No other 
business place in the town of Mauch Chunk is more 
deserving of a liberal patronage than this. 

C. A. REX & BRO., 

DrvOoodsand Grockriks, 31 Market Squarr. 
Why any body should go out of Mauch Chunk for 
any of the physicial necessaries, comforts, or even lux- 
uries of life is hard to understand. The storeof C. A. 
Rex & Brother would be a credit to many a larger town 
in respect to the variety, quantity and quality of ita 
stock. This enterprise was establislied about fifteen 
years ago by the present proprietors, and under capable 
and judicious management, the business has grown 
from a small beginning to a prosperous and rapidly in- 
creasing trade. The store is the handsomest and most 
complete in town, and was built especially for the pur- 
pose to which it is applied, is conveniently lilted and 
elegantly appointed in every partiiular, and is a model 
of order and system. We cannot prelenil to give a list 
of goods kept here for sale, but they are nmnerous 
enough to supply the wants of the entire community. 
Here is a large and excellently well selected assortment 
of fine Dress Uoods, Trimmings, Notions, White Goods, 
Muslins, Cambrics, Linens, Laces, Embroideries, Silks, 
domestic and a general line of ladies' fancy goods. 

A fine line of fancy and staple groceries is an import- 
ant feature, China, Glass, Wood and Queens Ware in 
immense variety, and hundreds of other articles go to 
makeup such" a general line of merchandise as is 
brought into daily use in every household. This is the 
barest outline of a stock which is depleted everyday 
and replenished as often, 'fhe goods are always new 
and fresh, and all new .styles ai)pear upon their coun- 
ters as soon as they are offered in the nnirket. 

A department devoted to carpets has recently been 
added, in which they <iisplay a full line of Rrns.sels and 
Ingrain Carpets of the latest patterns in all grades, and 
an extensive assortment of Oil Cloths, Mattings, etc. 
The ladies will be especially intcreste<l in an elegant 
display of Ladies' fine Muslin Underwear, which forms 
an imi)ortant part of their stock. The goods are very 
handsome, well-nuide, and ollered at prices below what 
any ladv can produce them at home. 

The stock is purchased for cash, at first hands, and 
the prices are as low as the same goods sell for in the 
cities. The premi.^es are 33x11.5 feet in dimensions, and 
eight assistants are employed in the prompt prosecu- 
tion of the business, which is the most important mer- 
cantile retail trade in the county. The individual 
partners, Messrs. C. A. Rex and Edward Rex, are na- 
tives of Mauch Chunk, who familiarized themselves 
with the business and the wants of the public by au, 
earlvand devoted apprentic> ship to the trade. They 
are regarded as business men of enterprise, energy and 
ability. Then- e.-tablishment is a credit to themselves, 
and an honor to the town. 



182 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHKiH VALLEY. 



MILL CREEK MINING COMPANY, 
Mauoh Chunk. 

The Infinite importance of the mining interests of 
■Pennsylvania, and the wealth -of the ores found inthis 
Commonwealth, have long ago attracted the attention 
of the residents of neighboring States, and has also 
given the different branches of manufacture a promi- 
nence, without which, we would not have otherwise 
obtained. Elsewhere in our worlc have we collective- 
ly dwelt upon the mines, and their productions, but to 
give the public an idea of the mineral resources of the 
Lehigh Valley, it is our purpose to dwell briefly upon the 
enterprises distinctly. Coal is the leading product of 
this section of the Lehigh Valley, and the operation of 
the mines gives profitable employment to . thousands of 
men. The coal produced In this section is of the best 
quality, and has a standing in the market, which is not 
second to the product of other sections. 

With an office at Mauch Chunk, the Mill Creek Coal 
Company, operating the Middle Lehigh Mines, stands 
prominent and prosperous in comparison with other 
operators. This Company was organized in 1880, and 
although young in years, has gained a reputation such 
as some operators fail to acquire after years of business 
transactions. This Company has eight hundred acres 
of land under lease, and produce about 20,000 tons per 
mouth. The mines are worked on a slope, the longest 
being two miles to the face of the vein, and has four or 
five mile.-i of under-ground ways. Four hundred men, 
sixty horses and fifty mules, are employed in prosecuting 
the enterprise, besides large engines and hoisting ap- 
paratus. This latter consists of two one and one-third 
inch wire cables,each one thousand feet long.drawing to 
the surface three cars of coal at one time. The engine 
department includes five stationary engines, twenty- 
five boilers, one Bull pump fifty-inch cylinder, and nine 
additional pumps. They have one double breaker, in^ 
which there are ten screens and six patent gigs. 
• ■ The quality of the coal taken from this mine is rated 
as A. No 1, witli no superior in the market, and but few 
equals. Precaution is used to have the coal in first- 
class order when shipped to the trade, dirt and slate 
are conspicious from their absence. 

The office of this Company in Mauch Chunk, is in the 
Mansion House, and under the charge of Mr. T. F. Wal- 
ter, through whom the coal is chiefly sold. The ship- 
ments are chiefly over the Lehigh Valley Railroad to 
New York, and the Ea,st, where the coal meets with a 
ready sale. The members of this Company are Warren 
Delano, Newberry, New York; T. F. Walter, Mauch 
Chunk ; James S. Cox, of Orange, N. J.;N. D. Cortright, 
Mauch Chunk; William H. Ainey, AUentown, and Jos. 
F. Hitch, of New York. 

There are perhaps few companies in the Valley at 
the present time in whose welfare are interested more 
enterprising, conscientious capitalists. They have 
adopted a liberal basis for the business operations of 
the aftairs, which serves to secure and maintain for 
the Company a high-position among the operators of 
the Lehigh Valley. Mr. T. F. Walter is interested also 
in the Montana, Pond Creek, Middle Lehigh, and 
Mill Hollow Coal Companies, and conducts the business 
of the companies ably and with satisfaction. 

POND CREEK COAL COMPANY, 

Ofkice Mauch Chunk, Mansion House. 
Organized in 1879, the Pond Creek Coal Companv have 
since that time been operating the mines near Upper 
Lehigh. This colliery ranks among the foremost in the 
State, and in this section enjoys an advantageous loca- 
tion, in respect to the railroads, and the comparative 
ease with which it may be operated. The Company 



have facilities for the production of lOD.OOO tons per 
year, and at the ra'.e wliich they were operated iu 1S80, 
reached 50,000 tons. The mines are admirably equiped 
with all the latest improved machinery and apparatus, 
and one liiindred and fifty men are constantly em- 
ployed. The coal is shipped over the Lehigh and Sus- 
quehanna branch of the C. R. R. of New Jersey to New 
York and the East, where it finds ready sale. The 
members of the Company are Elisha A. Packer, of New 
York ; T. F. Walter, of Mauch Chunk, and W. D. Zehner, 
of Lansford, Pennsylvania. Mr. T. F. Walter, of Mauch 
Chunk, where the office is situated, has charge of the 
business aftairs of the Company. He represents several 
diSerent companies in the sale of the coal, beside being 
a member of the corporations. He is a man of strict in- 
tegrity, and familiar with the business in all its de- 
tails and facts. 

To visit the Pond Creek Coal Companies mines and 
those of the surrounding neighborhood would give one 
a slight idea of the wealth and magnitude of the coal 
business of the Lehigh Valley. The particular excel- 
lence of the coal produced from these mines, and their 
high reputation in all parts of the country make their 
operation especially profitable. 

The number of men finding employmentin this busi- 
ness, and the amount of capital invested in its prosecu- 
tion is surprisingly large. The Pond Creek Coal Com- 
pany and its contribution to the sum total of the coal 
trade struck the writer forcibly, and this brief descrip- 
tion is deserved on account of their importance, and 
the successful manner in which its att'airs are con- 
ducted. 



CHARLES M. EBERT, 

Druggist, No. 23 Market Square. 

The calling of the druggist and the arduous and re- 
sponsible duties connected with the practical operation 
of the business, requires a man of more than ordinary 
ability. Mauch Chunk is well supplied with establish- 
ments iu this line, the oldest being that conducted by 
Charles M. Ebert. Established in 1848 by the present 
proprietor, the stand isoneof those business places that 
has achieved and maintains its reputation solely upon 
the merits of the goods there dispensed. A stock of 
pure Drugs, Medicines and Chemicals are always on 
hand, while Toilet Articles, Druggist's Sundries, Paints, 
Oils, etc., go to make the stock most complete. The 
compounding of physicians' prescriptions, and family 
recipes is a feature of the business to whicli especial 
attention is paid, and great care is taken to secure the 
best drugs and compounds. The store is admirably lo- 
cated in the business portion of the community, and is 
conveniently arranged and adapted to the business. 
Reposing full confidence in Mr. Ebert's ability and skill 
as a chemist the public liberally patronize the store. 
Being the oldest in the town, and conducted upon a 
liberal basis, it is daily growing in favor with the pub- 
lic. 

Mr. Ebert has resided in Mauch Chun.k for many 
years, and in mercantile and social walks of life he oc- 
cupies an excellent position, and enjoys the confidence 
and esteem of all. 



P. F. MURRAY, 

Boots and Shoes, Corner of Susquehanna and 

Race Streets. 
One of the most attractive stores on Susquehanna 
street, is the establishment of Mr. Murray, in which an 
extensive' find attractive display of boots and shoes may 
at all times be found. Mr. Murray occupies a stand at 
which this trade has oeen conducted for a number of 
years, he succeeding to the business about .seven years 
ago, and has been very successful iu building up a 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



183 



profitable and growing business. His stock is \v<>ll 
selected, and emhmces u full line of such goods us are 
called for by his trade, and an extensive stock of heavy 
goods formen's wear. 

The arrangement of the stock and the assortment dis- 
played indicates that Mr. Murray is well posted iu the 
line of goods he handles. 

The trade includes a good show of the substantial 
trade of the town, and extends over a large section of 
the surrounding country. An important branch of the 
business is the making of fine custom work to order, 
and annually turns out a large amount of haud.somc 
work. Two skilled workmen are always engaged iu 
this department. 

Mr. Murray is very popular with his trade, and well- 
known in the community. The store is justly a pop- 
ular one. 

DAVID TRKHARN, 

Dry Goons and Groceries, Market Square and 

Susquehanna Street. 
Conspicious among the finest ami most completely 
stocked stores of Mauch Chunk, is that of whicli Mr. 
David Treharn is the proprietor. The business was 
originally established about thirty-two years ago, and 
he is thus one of the oldest and best knowu.as he is one 
of the soundest and strongest merchants in this part of 
the country. A first-class store in every respect, its 
stock of goods is large and valuable, and comprises a 
line ol Groceries, Fish, Meats, and Provisions, which a 
large and active trade compels him to turn so often as 
to secure a perpetually fresh condition; a general line 
of fancy goods and dry goods, comprising everj'thing 
sought alter by the ladies, carefully selected, and from 
the finest to medium grades, is always to be found in 
stock. Mr. Treharn caters to alarge and regular line of 
custom in town and couutry, and he knows how to 
make it to the advantage of his customers, to continue 
with him. 

Four as,sislants are employed in the store in different 
departments, all under the careful suiierindence of the 
proprietor. The store being a large double l>uildiug, 
and iiandsomely and conveniently arranged for the 
business to which it is applied. It was the first store iu 
the place, having been started before the town had 
gained any important size. 

A. J. SMITH, 

Harness, No. 40 Susquehann.\ Street, 

The proprietor of this establishment is a native of 
Lehigh county, and commenced business in Mauch 
Chunk in 1877, succeeding to the business established 
over thirty years ago by Mr. W. H. Pfister. Mr. Smith 
is a practical saddler, and enjoys a good trade which is 
continually growing. A full and complete .stock of 
goods iu this line is kept constantly on hand, and em- 
braces heavy and light Harness, Saddles, Bridles, Whips, 
Blankets, Brushes, and in short Horsemen's supplies of 
all kinds; notably an extensive assortment of particu- 
larly finegoods,iu the line oftrimmings and equipments. 
Using only the best stock aud employing none but 
first-class workmen, the product of this establishment is 
noted for style, beauty of finish, and with proper care 
will prove durable. No harness can wear well that is 
not kept clean and soft. 

M. Smith manufactures his own Collars, thus insur- 
ing good stock, good work, and careful filling, a very 
important feature in well made harness. Though 
carrying an extensive assortment of work ready-nuide 
which he will fully warrants, special orders are turned 
out in short notice, made and trimmed in any style 
desired. Mr. Smith is a good workman, and upright 
dealer, and is meeting the . uccess in business affairs 
he justly merits. 



N. D. CORTRIGHT & SON, 

Wholesale Dealers in Lehigh, Wyoming and 

Mahanoy Coal, Mauch Chunk. 
By a formation peculiarly its own, and distinct from 
that found in any other section, the heat producing 
qualities of the Lehigh Valley coal are known by all 
people familiar with it to be unsurpassed by that pro- 
duced iu any other section. N. D. Cortright& Son, of 
Mauch Chuuk, are an enterprising firm, dealing in 
superior brands of coal, to whom much credit is due 
lor distributing and developing the coal trade of this 
section. Occupying an advantageous location, they 
have a decided advantage over houses who are more 
remote from the scenes of mining operations. 

Thisfirm deal in Lehigh, Wyomingand Mahanoy coal, 
and conduct such a mammoth trade as to give them a 
position of prominenoe among the representative coal 
dealers o'f the state. The coals and their merits which 
this firm handles are too well-known to be dwelt upoa 
at any length, suffice it to say, these three brands are 
among the best and perhaps most popular produced in 
this section. The mines are located in the centre of the 
richest mining district of the Valley, aud provided with 
the best and mo.st complete machinery for the success- 
ful prosecution of the business. The coal is put upon 
the market in the best of order, while the cost is but 
commensurate with the worth of the most excellent 
marketable article. ' 

N. D. Cortright and N. D. Cortright, Jr., constituting 
the firm of N. D. Cortright & Son, are enterprising, 
energetic business men. They stand high in this line 
and their popularity and satisfactorj' method of con- 
ducting business is attested by their rapidly grow- 
ing trade. Occupying a position of prominence as 
representative men, they have contributed much to the 
welfare of this section, and are widely known. 



WILBUR O. SMITH, 

Shirt Manufacturer and Men's Fuknishinq 

Goods, No. 47 Broadway. 
The manufacture of fine dress shirts, together with 
the sale of Gent's Furnishing Goods, are branches of 
business, which when properly conducted are a great 
convenience to the public. Iu Mauch Chunk the bus- 
iness is admirably prosecuted by Mr. Wilbur O. Smith, 
a young man of ability and practical to the trade. Mr. 
Smith started his enterprise in 1S»1, and has already 
gained a prominent position in the business, distancing 
all competitors in his ability to furuish a handsome, 
well made fine dress shirt. Operating a factory at 1221 
Girard Avenue, Philadelphia, Mr. Smith is enabled to 
dispose of his goods at their lowest value. 

A special feature of trade is "The Lehigh Valley shirt," 
a handsome and carefully made dress shirt which bids 
fair to gain a monopoly of the trade in this section of 
the State. A shirt for comfort, durability and beauty, 
should fit the body perfectly.and with this end in view 
Mr. Smith exercises great care in his measurements, 
and gives his work into the hands of experienced cut- 
ters. Aside from "The Lehigh Valley shirt," a full line 
of stylish and seasonable underwear, hoisery, neckwear 
and such goods as usually come under the name of 
Gent's Furnishing Goods are kept in profusion, and the 
prices are always reasonable. 

Mr Smith is a native of Philadelphia, where he has 
conducted the shirt business for the past thirteen years 
and is manufacturing shirts, underwear, collars and 
cufts on a large scale, familiarizing him>elfwith the 
details of the trade and the needs of the public. His 
acquisition to the ranks of business men in Mauch 
Chuuk is a benefit to the community. 



184 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



L. YAEGER, 

Furniture and Undertaking, No. 44 Broad- 
way. 

Mauch Chunk has no lack of good stores operated by 
first-class merchants who understand their business, 
and conduct it honorably and successfully. The greater 
portion of the community patronize home industries 
and are not allured by the flaming advertisements of 
some merchants in large cities, who do not and cannot 
sell the same quality of goods at any lower price. L. 
Yaeger deals in furniture, and has always in store a 
fine rtock especially adapted to the market. It com- 
prises Parlor, Dining Room, Chamber and Library suits, 
in common and hard woods, from the plainest to the 
handsomest and most elaborate; Chairs, Couches, 
Lounges, Spring Beds, and Mattres.ses of all kinds. Mir- 
rows. Stands, Bookshelves, Ornamental pieces, all at 
prices as low as the same goods can be bought for in 
any city market. This furniture is carefully and sub- 
stantially put together, and designed to wear. 

Mr. Yaeger does an extensive undertaking business 
also; and is prepared to furnish at the shortest possible 
notice all styles and sizes of Coffins, Caskets, Metalic, 
Satin, Velvet Cloth covered. Burl, Walnut and Rose- 
wood. Shrouds and Wrappers are furnished and expe- 
rienced lady attendants when <lesired. 

He has been located in Mauch Chunk since 1846, and 
conducts a first-class store in every respect. His trade 
is very extensive, and the stock carried embraces styles 
and varieties to suit all tastes. 



GEORGE HALL, 

SiNGEK Sewing Machines, No. 47 Broadway. 
The Singer Manufacturing Company was the first to 
manufacture a sewing machine that would do all kinds 
of sewing, and perform its task with the lea.st difficulty 
in its operation. Since the days of its invention new 
and valuable attachments and improvements have 
been made, until to-day it is regarded as one of the 
most perfect machines in the market. So universally 
and favorably known is this machine, that they are 
now used in every civilized country on the globe, with 
an aggregate manufacture in 1880 of over 500,000. They 
have obtained over two hundred premiums, medals 
and awards at different world's fairs, besides hundreds 
of premiums and diplomas from smaller and less prom- 
inent expositions. George Hall is the ageutof this section 
for the Company, and is well and favorably known to 
the people of Mauch Chunk, and regarded with confi- 
dence and favor by the Company. Mr. Hall is a cap- 
able thoroughly efficient gentleman in whom the Com- 
pany recognize as a faithful officer, and one by whom 
the puVjlic's interests will be well served ; an excellent 
operator, and familiar with the construction of the ma- 
chines, Mr. Hall can be called upon at any time to ex- 
plain and instruct in its operation. A system adopted 
by this Company for the sale of machines, is the pay- 
ment of weekly i]istallments. This is an admirable fea- 
ture in its btisiness methods, and one that commends 
itself to every thoughtful, considerate person. 

E. F. LUCKENBACH, 

Books, Stationery, etc.. No. 61 Broadway. 
Established in 1878 by Mr. E. F. Luckenbach, and 
filling a want long felt in the community, this estab- 
lishment at once became i>opular with the trade, and 
the business was such as to insure the success of the 
house. Occupying desii able business quarters in the 
leading street of the town, the situation of the 
store, and the facilities lur displaying goods are unsur- 
passed by any other liouse in the line. Tlie stock of 
goods on hand is always large, being made up of a full 
assortment of books of all kinds, stationery, velvet 



frames, wall papers, fine artistic (Tecorafion^. window 
shades, kalsomine, paints, oils, vaniishes, gla.s.s, putty, 
picture nails and cord, and a general line of goods of 
this character. The reputation enjoyed by this house 
for its ability to offer the public a superior line of goods, 
is thoroughly well known to the citizens of Mauch 
Chunk, and the residents of the surrounding neighbor- 
hood, and the business now employs from ten to lU'teen 
men for its prompt and successful prosecution. 

Stores of this character, through which bonks, peri- 
odicals, and wholesome literature of all kinds is dis- 
seminated, make their presence perceptible in the 
general tone of the public, and the vast good they oc- 
complish through this channel cannot be ovcrestinuit- 
ed. Mr. Luckenbach is a native of Northampton ('ouii- 
ty, and is known to the citizens of Mauch Chunk, where 
he has resided since 1861, as an active,enterprising busi- 
ness man, possessing the tact and ability neces.sary to 
success in any branch of trade. 



ASA R. BEERS, 

Dry Goods and Notions, Fi.our and Feed, 4:?, 
Broadway. 

The manufacturing and commercial activity of 
Mauch Chunk have been dwelt upon elsewhere in this- 
work, but in our feature devoted to the different indi- 
vidual enterprises of the town it is fitting that we give 
a brief sketch of the house of Mr. Beers, a prominent 
dealer in Dry Goods and Groceries. The business of 
this house was established about thirteen years ago by 
the present proprietor, in a rather small way and with 
limited capital. He established the most generous bus- 
iness principles at the outset, has adhered to them rig- 
idly and strives to make all business intercoui-se with 
tlie house of a pleasant and profitable nature. 

The store is one of the best buildiugs on Broadway, 
20x80 feet in dimensions, admirably appointed and 
adapted to the business. 

The stock of goods carried is large, varied and val- 
uable, including Dry Goods, Dress Goods, Silks. Prints, 
Linens, Muslins, Plain and Fancy Goods, of the finest 
grades. Groceries, Provisions, Canned Goods, Meats, 
and a full line of Flour and Feed, are features cif the 
trade, to which particular attention is paid. The gro- 
ceries are always pure, fresh, and free from adultera- 
tions, the Dry Goods are of the best styles, and manu- 
facture. The stock is purchased direct from first hands, 
paid for in cash or short time, and sold at a moderate 
advance. The arrangement of the store is tasteful and 
well planned, displaying the goods favorably and to- 
advantage. In the discharge of the business connected 
with the house three assistants are employed. 

Asa R. Beers has resided in Mauch Chunk for fifteen 
years past,and is among the best known merchants in the 
town. 



JOHN DEICKMANN, 

East Mauch Chunk. 
The constant and almost innumerable demands made 
upon the proprietor of a general store, require that only 
a man of energy and tact should engage in the business. 
The residents of East Mauch Chunk are fortunate in 
having in their town such an establishment, presided 
over by ^Ir. Deickmann. Occupying a fine, well appoint- 
ed store, built for the purpose in 1880, well stocked with ."v 
line of general merchandise, he has drawn to his estab- 
lishment a good share of the trade of the borough and 
su.rounding country. His stock is large and complete, 
embracing almost everything needed in ordinary 
households, and includes a well selected stock of Dry 
Goods, Groceries, Hats and Caps, Boots and Shoes, Glass, 
China and Wooden-ware, tastefully arranged, and in- 
viting in its appearance. Mr. Deickmann i> well known. 
to the residents of this locality, and generally esteemed. 



RESOTTRCKS OF TlIK F.KIIICH VATJ.EY. 



18& 



W. H. STROH, 

FOUNUKY AND MACHINE SnOP, WEST BuOAPWAY, 

Mauch Chunk. 
The iiiclustrial history of Mauch Chunk would he in- 
conipk'te without prominent meiitiou (iflhis enterprise 
and its proprietor. This is one of tlie oldest e.stulilislied 
enterprises in the borough ; Iniving been continuously 
operated since ISi"). In 1863 the works came under the 
mauaKement of Albright & Stroh, who were extensive- 
ly engaged iu manufacturing shells for the Government. 
Tliey continued the business together tnitil the death 
of Mr. Albright in January, 1881, when Mr. .^troh became 
.sole proprietor . 

The reputation of these works as producing several 
specialties is National. Among its prominent products 
being the ".Smoc:k Patent Coal Gig," perhaps better 
known as the "Albright and Stroh Gig," an ingenious 
though simple, and very successful machine for sepa- 
rating the slate from the coal. "The Keystone Patent 
Grate Bar" which is known over all the country, and 
very highly regarded, as its extensive sales fully attest; 
Wood lined water pipe for mines. Car, Bridge and Pump 
Castings, Stationary Engines, Railroad Frogs.and Switch 
Castings, be-side a general line of job work. 

The facilities for manufacturing are very fine. The 
motive p(jwer being a water wheel of forty-two feet di- 
ameter,an<l ciglity horse-power. The best machinery and 
appliances are brought into requisition in the prosecu- 
tion of the business, and the finest materials used. The 
business has grown from a small beginning to its present 
imi)ortance, and today gives employment to sixty men, 
the annual product amounting to a large sum. The 
plant covers ample space, the buildings are convenient- 
ly arranged, and are divided into different departments 
for their convenient and systematic management. Each 
division is luider the charge of a competent superinten- 
dent, while the general management of the entire es- 
tablishment is under the eye of the proprietor, a thor- 
ough practical man. 

Mr. Stroh came to Mauch Chunk when a mere boy, 
with no capital but energy and pluck. Few men have 
been more prominently identified with the growth and 
prosperity of the town, or more actively engaged in pro- 
moting its commercial and manufacturing importance. 
He is one of the self-made men of the times, possessed 
of ample means and indomitable energy, he has by 
his business operations, and particularly by the manu- 
facture of his specialties, served to extend the leputa- 
tiou of this section, even beyond thebouiids of our own 
country, as one rich in manufacluring industries. He 
occupies a prominent position among the iron and coal 
men of the State, and is recognized as a prompt, lionora- 
ble business man. 



C. W. SWANK & SON, 

Fi.ouK, FKiiD, Grain, Hay and Coal, Susque- 

ItANNA, Stkeet, 
In the various departments of mercantile industry, 
Mauch Chunk has representatives in honorable and ef- 
licicni merchants, who carry full stocks of goods in 
their respective lines Messrs. C. AN'. Swank & Son, who 
occupy a convenient store on Susquehanna street, arc 
the leading dealers in their line. Their store is large 
and well adapted to the Dusiness, and well stocked 
with a full line of family Flour, Feed, (irain, liay and 
such other other things as are usually fotuul in stt)res of 
this character. They are practical men inthe lousiness. 
lM)ssessing good judgment, and select the best class of 
goods iu the markets. They buy in such quantities as 
meet the demands of their trade, and sell at moderate 
prices, consequently rapidly dispose of tlieirstock.aiid 
keep no old or stale goods on hand. 
The firm are extensive shijipers of grain, and the 



farmers of >ranch Chunk can always find here a cash 
market for their surplus grain, receiving the ruling 
r.ites They deal extensively in Coal, and are always 
picpared to till orders in any quantity from the best 
qiiiilities at quotccl prices. 

The firm is composed of C. W. Ssvank, and his sun P. 
K. Swank, Vjoth energetic active business men, who oc- 
cupy an honorable position in liusiness circles. 

G. W. .tW.T. HOOVKN, 

LUBRICATINii AND Il.I.I \ri.NATlNli OlT.s. MaVCH- 

Chunk. 

Among the recently established enterprisi-s which 
exert an important intlucncc in the conuncrcial advan- 
tages of Mauch chunk, i>tlii> Wliolesale oil House of 
Messrs. Hooven.wliich was cstablislicd a few years ago, 
and has already won its way to an important position/ 
in the trade. 

The iTrm are Jobbers and Wholesale dealers in the- 
various forms and products of Petroleum forlUumi- 
ualiug and Lubricating purposes, and have in the 
short time which has elapsed since the enterprise was- 
founded, laid the tbundations of a trade, which, already 
large, gives evidence of becoming one of the most im- 
portant business enterprises of Mauch Chunk. Enjoy- 
ing unusual facilities for receiving and shipping stocky 
Ixsing located between the Lehigh Valley Railroad and. 
the Lehigh Canal, and only a few rods from the L. & S. 
Division of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, with, 
every convenience forstfiring and handling theirgoods, 
and situated iu the very heartof an immense consuming 
centre, there is uo rc.isi.n why the house of Hooveu 
Bros, should not soon take rank among the very fore- 
most dealers iu oil in the whole country. 

The question of freights on an article sold so close as 
oil is to important a consideration that the trade of any 
locality must of necessity be confined to a comparative 
ly .small section of country, and the amount of possible 
sales must depend iu a great measure upon the number 
of consumers, and in this respect few localities otter a 
more inviting field than that reached from Mauch 
Chunk. 

Both members of the linn are young, aciivt , enter- 
prising business men. well regarded in business circles, 
liberal iu their dealings, and well deserving of the suc- 
cess of which their enterprise gives ample promise. 

KLNTZ&CO., 

General Store, No. 18 Market Square. 

The house of Kuutz & Company, which oi-cupies a 
line location, is one of the many new business ventures 
that have sprung into existence during the last few 
years. Dating its business inception from' July, 1879^ 
and in operation only two years, this house gives evi- 
dence of entering upon a future of more than ordinary 
prosperity. The firm is comi>osed of W. H. Kuutz, a na- 
tive of Lehigh county, and A. S, Haines, of Mauch 
Chunk, both men of enteipri.se and ability, who enjoy 
the confidence of their patrons. Any thing like an in- 
ventory of their stock would require too much space, 
but as a few leading articles we may mention a large 
quantity of Dress Goods, Silks. Linens, Cambrics, and a 
general line of Fancy Goods, embracing all that is de- 
sirable in the line. Fine, Fancy and Staple Groceiies, 
Canned Goods, Provisions. Cutlery, Glass Ware, etc.. are 
to be found in large quaiuities upon their shelves. 

A line building is occupied of 18x46 feet, being liter- 
ally packed with goods. Tlte store occupying a com- 
manding position in the trade, is a scene of great activ- 
ity during the busy season, three assistants being en- 
gaged in attending to the wants of the customers. Tlie 
house is noted for its enterpri.se and energy , and well de 
serving of the popularity it enjoys. 



186 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VATJ.KY. 



JOHNL. STEDRMN, ' 

Watches and Jkwei.ry, 49 Broadway, Mauch 
Chunk. 
The Watch making and Jewelry trade is an impor- 
tant branch of mercantile industry. Of those in Mauch 
Chunk, the leading establi.shmeut is that of Mr. John 
L. Stedman, whose store occupies the fine business 
premises, No. 49 Broadway. Enjoying ample facilities 
for the sale and display of a large and well selected 
stock of Watches, Jewelry, Silver and Plated-ware Clocks 
Bronzes, and a line of bric-a brae, in general, the trade 
gives evidence of con.stant growth. Special attention 
is given to the repairing of Clocks, Watches, and Jewel- 
ry, careful and experienced, practical jewelers being 
■employed, and their work warranted. A special feature 
of trade is "Boss" Patent Watch Cases, an article in the 
trade much sought after by leading jewelers and popu- 
lar with the public. 

Established sixteen years ago in its pre-sent location, 
the trade of this store has grown from a modest begin- 
ning to its present proportions, a fact which speaks 
•well of the business management of its proprietor. 

MRS. P. SHAllKEY, 

General Store, 10 Susquehanna Street. 

To successfully and profitably operate the affairs of a 
general merchandise trade, requires more than ordinary 
ability together with a varied experience. In Mauch 
Chunk there are a number of business houses devoted 
to this line of trade, none of whom, however, are more 
popular with the public than that conducted by Mrs. 
Sharkey. The business is one of tho.se old established 
and solid enterprises numbered among the first of the 
kind at Mauch Chunk, and from the first was popular, 
and met with such encouragement that put it at once 
•on a solid business footing. A large and conveniently 
arranged store is occupied, which is locat(?d iu the cen- 
tre of the town, and is fully stocked with alineof goods 
such as are usually carried by hou.ses of this character. 
In Dry Goods, Dress Goods, Fancy Goods, Linens, etc., 
the stock is particularly well selected, embracing all 
the noveltiesand staple goods requisite for ladies' wear. 
Fine and staple Groceries, pure and fresh; Canned 
Goods, Provisions, Meats, Glass, C'hina, Wooden and 
Queeusware, Cutlery, and a full stock of such goods as 
go to make up a complete assortment of goods daily 
needed in every household. The stock is obtained from 
reliable houses, and consequently is reasonable in price 
and of superior quality. The business requires the at- 
tention of five assistants, and the annual sales aggre- 
gate a large sum. 

Mrs. Sharkey is known to the residents as an energetic 
business woman, and is conducting one of the most 
successful enterprises in Mauch Chunk. 

W. H. STROH & SON. 

Boots and Shoes, Leather and Findings. 

The Boot and Shoe trade is conducted in Mauch 
Chunk iu a very superior manner, the most complete 
and attractive stock is to be found in the fine store of 
W. H. Stroh & Sou, at No. 42 Market Square. This busi- 
ness was established in 1.S48 by Messrs Kline & Stub, 
who were succeeded in 1855 by W. H. Stroh, who admit- 
ted his son, W. R. Stroh, to an interest in the business in 
1880, and the firm became as now known. 

The arrangement of the stock and its character at 
once strikes the eye, and indicates on the part of the 
proprietors not only excellent taste, but an intimate 
knowledge of the business. All goods iu this line are 
displayed, includiug Men's, Boy's, Youths' and Child- 



rens' Boots, Congress and Button Gaiters, Women's Miss- 
es, and Childrens, Lace and Button Shoes, Slippers, Rub- 
bers and Arties, and includes a full assortment of plain 
and Fancy goods iu medium and fine grades, no infe- 
rior stock finding a place iu this well ordered establish- 
ment. 

A full line of Leather Finding and Shoemakeis' sup- 
plies forms an important part of their stock, and they 
do quite a large trade iu this line, supplying local man- 
ufactures over a large portion of the surrounding coun- 
try. The firm is composed of W. H. Stroh, prominently 
connected with many of the important industries of 
the valley, and his son,W. R. Stroh, a very active young 
business man. Pos.sessing ample capital and having a 
fine location, they are the representative dealers in this 
line in Mauch Chunk, and are well regarded by all who 
know them. 



FRANK SCHWARTZ, 

Furniture Dealer, East Mauch Chunk. 

The various branches of mercantile enterprise are well 
represented in Mauch Chunk, and the character of the 
goods here kept iu stock and the general appear- 
ance of the stores would be creditable to much larger 
towns. Frank Schwartz has always in store a fine stock 
of Furniture especially suited to this market. It com- 
prises Parlor, Dining Room, Chamber and Library sets 
of all styles, from the plainest to the handsomest: Chairs, 
Couches, Lounges, Spring Beds, and Mattresses of all 
kinds; Mirrors, Stands, Bookshelves, Ornamental Pieces, 
etc., at prices as low as the same goods can be bought 
in any city market. This furniture is carefully selected 
from the best factories, and is substantially put together. 

This establishment enjoys a large and constantly 
growing trade, conducted with the residents of East 
Mauch Chunk, and farmers of the surrounding neigh- 
borhood. The business is conducted upon liberal prin- 
ciples, aud Mr. Swartz is making many patrons thereby. 
Undertaking, furnishing, etc., is also conducted exten- 
sively. 

E. D. BARTHOLOMEW, 

Stoves, Ranges, Heaters, Tin and Sheet-iron 
Ware, Susquehanna Street, Below Race. 

Upon the careful and intelligent prosecution of the 
plumbing business the health of the inhabitants of a 
city greatly depend. The laws of sanitary science must 
be conscientiously and faithfully observed, a violation 
or neglect often producing the most serious and fatal 
results. This branch of business is carried on iu Mauch 
Chunk by Mr. E. D. Bartholomew, a man practical in 
the business, devoting his entire time and attention to 
its details. This is the oldest house in the line in the 
town, having been established in 1858, and is the most 
popular, and enjoys a large and constantly growing 
business. Gas Fitting and PlumbiDg is the special fea- 
ture of the business, and especial care is taken to excell 
in these branches of industry. The store room is well- 
stocked with a large assortment of Parlor and Cook- 
Stoves, Heaters and Ranges, of the most desirable pat- 
tern and best manufacture. Tin Sheet-Iron aud Hollow 
Ware are also in stock, and have been selected with a 
special view of meeting the wants of his trade. Five 
men are constantly employed, all of whom are skilled 
workmen. 

Starting business several years ago with a limited 
capital the trade built up is a fitting tribute to the en- 
terprise of the proprietor. The store occupies a desir- 
able location, central to the business portion of the 
community, and is neat and convenient. 



HilZLETON. 



THE CHIEF TOWN OF THE LEHIGH COAL REGION AND THE CENTRE OF A LARGE 

MINING AND MERCANTILE BUSINESS- HEALTHY LOCATED ON A LEVEL 

PLATEAU, SEVENTEEN HUNDRED FEET ABOVE TIDEWATER. 



Had anthracite coal, or stone coal, as it was 
then called, proved a fallacious and unstable fuel, 
a greater pai't of this work could never have been 
written; as all that part of the Lehigh Valley 
above the Lehigh Water Gap owes its growth 
and importance to the discovery and successful 
mining of this important product of our State. 
Little else than coal tempted the const ruction of 
the enduring pathways now laid through the 
valleys and by the tributary streams. Railroads 
are seldom built to please the sesthetic eye of 
nature's worshiper alone, and through them our 
undeveloped country has been brought to give 
up the many rich minerals lying hidden under 
the surface. 

In the review of the Lehigh Valley, after leav- 
ing Mauch Chunk, the well-known Valley Rail- 
road continues on through the countless wind- 
ings and angles of the river, passing scenery 
upon each side that for natural beauty is unsur- 
passed, until the junction at Penn Haven is 
reached. At this point a branch turns away to 
the left, following the course of Black creek 
gulch, toward the great coal region. The creek 
(appropriately named Black) struggles down to- 
ward the Lehigh among boulder fields, its waters 
deeply colored with sulphur, which tinge every 
rock with orange. The railroad carries the trav- 
eler past the enterprising little town of Weather- 
ly, where are located large construction and re- 
l)air shops, and over Hazle creek bridge, where 
the railroad divides. Keeping to the right, run- 
ning up toilsome grades upon a continuous suc- 
cession of curves, the eye is greeted with signs of 
the black country. Great heaps of wa.stage from 
the collieries loom up ahead, and the air is crisp 
and bracing. A few miles further, and the train 
enters the busy town of Ilazleton. 

ITS LOCATION. 

This town is one of the handsomest and most 



enterprising in the coal region, and is situated on 
the Hazle Creek, a small stream, from which the 
town derives its name. It is located in Luzerne 
County, in the extreme southern portion, twenty- 
three miles from Mauch Chunk, on what is 
known as tlie dividing ridge of the Lehigh and 
Susquehanna rivers ; the water on the eastern 
part of the town flow into the Lehigh river, 
while those in the western part running into the 
Susquehanna. The town is situated seventeen 
hundred feet above tidewater, and directly in the 
centre of what is known as the Hazleton coal 
region. It owes its foundation, growth, and pres- 
ent successful condition to coal alone, and while 
surrounded upon all sides with collieries 
and immense heaps of waste around the open- 
ings of the mines, the town is itself remarkably 
clean, and will bear a most favorable comparison 
with other towns of the valley. To many the 
mines are a source of great profit, and the entire 
business interest is directly or indirectly de- 
pendent upon this product. 

Hazleton has the superlative attractions of 
good air, dry and cool, of fine drives, extended 
views, and cultivated residences. A visitor could 
not fail to employ his time pleasantly and satis- 
factorily in inspecting the process of mining, 
assorting and shipping of coal. The town taps 
the upper eclipse of the several carbon 
fields, which extend in basins between the 
Lehigh and the Susquehanna. Three miles ride 
toward the northeast, reveals the rich agricul- 
tural valley of Butler. The prospect, as one- 
stands u^wn Back Mountain, one of the last coal 
ridges, and looks away toward Sugar Loaf 
Mountain, at the far extremity of Butler Valley, 
is very beautiful. The contrast, after pa-^sing 
over the wooded crests of the mining lands, is 
one of bold relief. Upon tliis high plateau forms 
of nature's wealth, exceptional in beauty, are 



188 



RESOURCKS OF THE T.EHIGH VALLEY. 



often met witli. The mosses and licliens whicli 
cling to the boulders on every side, the beavitif'ul 
foilage, all invite the visitor to Hazleton to ride 
this short distance to view its attractions. 

THE EARLY HISTORY. 

Hazleton owes its existence to the Hazleton 
■Coal Company, which was incorporated March 
18, 1836. The contract for building the rail- 
road to this place was awarded the fall of the 
same year, and work commenced at once. It 
was completcil to Weatherly in 1838, where it 
connected with the Beaver Meadow Railroad. 
At this time an old weatlior-boarded log tavern 
and a toll-house, both situated on the Susque- 
hanna and Lehigh turnpike road, near what is 
now the eastern boundrv of the borough, were 
the only inhabited houses within the present 
limits of the borough of Hazleton. There was 
also an old saw mill on Hazle Creek, near the 
tavern, and an unoccupied house at the inter- 
section of the turnpike road with that leading 
from Wilkes-Barre to Tamaqua. The leading 
spirit in the success of Hazleton, was Mr. Ario 
Pardee, at the present time one of the wealthiest 
and most respected of its citizens. To him the 
town is indebted for its prosperity and its early 
growth. He came here as a surveyor, and soon 
■after became interested largely in lands, which 
iiave been productive of vast quantities of coal. 
He has been personally connected with every 
movement that has enhanced the town's interests, 
and is now the largest individual coal operator in 
the whole region. 

As the coal trade developed, Hazleton grew in 
population, and August 7, 1856, was incorporated 
as a borough, containing at that time about 
twelve hundred population. Each year increased 
the number of its inhabitants, until the panic of 
1873, when the serious eftect this had upon the 
coal trade, left its impression upon the town's 
prosperity. As business revived, coal was more 
extensively mined, and at the present time the 
population will reach near 8,000, the census of 
1880 giving it at 6,965. This number, however, 
does not give a true summary of the population 
that depends upon the place as a basis of supplies, 
it being the centre of a population of from 25,000 
to 30,000. 

COAL INTERESTS. 

The Hazleton coal basin is one of the most pro- 
•ductive districts in the whole region, aud has the 
reputation of producing some of the linest coal 
that reaches market. The following facts of the 
anthracite coal fields will, in connection with 
the subject of Hazleton, prove of great interest and 
profit : 

The territory occupied by the anthracite coal 
fields of Pennsylvania is but a diminutive spot 
compared with the area of bituminous coal in 
Pennsylvania alone, to say nothing of its vast 
extent in other portions of the United States, and 
Great Britain, France, and Belgium. The area 



(if the anthracite of the United States is but 470 
sipiare miles, not one-twentieth the size of Lake 
Erie, while the wide-spread bituminous coal 
fields cover twice the area of our four great lakes ; 
the anthracite making but an insignificant 
sliowing on the map of our continent. But the 
comj>arison of the bituminous area is deceptive, 
unless the relative thickness of the two is taken 
into consideration. If the anthracite beds were 
spread out as thinly as those of the bituminous 
region, they would cover eight times their pres- 
ent area, or 3,780 square miles. And, again, if 
the denuded spaces within the borders of the 
anthracite coal fields were covered with a de- 
posit as thick as we justly suppose they once 
were, and as the remaining still are, the avail- 
able area would be increased to about 2,000 
square miles, or 1,280,000 acres; equal to a coal 
deposit of 92,840,960,000 tons. 

The anthracite region, mainly confined to one- 
sixth the area of the four mountainous counties 
of Luzerne, Schuylkill, Carbon, and Northum- 
berland, in Pennsylvania, is crowded with an in- 
dustrious population, which increased fifty-one 
per cent, in ten years ; that is from 229,700 in 
1860, to 344,771 in 1870 ; whilst the four adjacent 
agricultural counties of similar area increased in 
the same time from 319,542 to 339,942, only six 
per cent. It is located on the parallel of 40° 30', 
one hundred miles from any seashore, no part of 
it less than 500 feet above high tide — near the 
head waters of the large rivers that drain it, the 
Susquehanna, Schuylkill, Lehigh, and Dela- 
ware. The noisy trains crossing the valleys and 
climbing the mountains all verge, day and 
night, to these hives of industry, where multi- 
tudinous steam engines are hoisting'and pump- 
ing, and breakers crushing. Thousands of miles 
of railroad thread the surface and dive into the 
interior, to roll out the black diamond flood in 
millions of tons of fuel to warm and employ the 
nation. 

It is estimated that not more than 66 per cent, 
of the coal is ever taken out of the mines. That 
which is brought to the surface is run through a 
huge structure from 80 to 100 feet high, very ap- 
propriatelj'' called a "breaker," ingeniously con- 
trived for the destruction of coal. There are over 
300 of these immense buildings in the anthra- 
cite region, costing on an average $50,000 
each, or an aggregate of $15,000,000. To the top 
of Llicse the coal is hoisted, and then descends 
through a succession of rolls and screens, emerg- 
ing at the bottom in a series of assorted sizes, from 
huge blocks of lump coal to unmercantable dust, 
which forms a grievously large proportion of the 
whole. This process involves a loss of good coal, 
equal to 20 or 25 per cent, of the entire quantity 
mined. For the coal wasted in mining, say 40 
per cent., and in preparing, 25 per cent., no one 
is paid ; it is a total loss to landowner, miner and 
shipper. 



RESOrRf'lCS OF J'IIP: LEHIGH VALLEY. 



1S8 



The amount of water which drains into a uiiue 
from a mile or more of surface is <'iiormou9, for 
the average amount of snow and rain fall is 58,- 
840 cubic inches per square yard annually, and 
the mines are liable to absurb nut only the rain 
fall on the surface immediately over them, but 
•all that, which, by contour of the^^urface or by 
<-on verging strata, tends toward them. On an 
average possibility live tons of water are hoisted 
for every ton of coal raised — another loss charge- 
able to mining. 

The total amount of coal still to be mined, ac- 
cording to the accompanying totals, is 23,437,- 
242,000 tons. The total waste, as experience Ixas 
shown, is eciual to two-thirds of the coal deposit, 
and reaching the apalling amount of 17,574,000,- 
6G6 tons, teaving us only 8,787,075.333 tons to 
send to market. In all the calculations of an- 
thracite, we have counted the area as if in a level 
])lain, and made no allowance for the undula- 
tions which juust necessarly increase the amount 
of coal. But as many of the flexures are abrupt 
and broken, making much faulty and refuse 
coal, it will cover any over-estimate of area or 
thickness we have made in our calculations. 

Our tables show that 409,757,748 tons have 
been sent to market in the tifty-eight years from 
1820 to 1880, inclusive. Our consumption now 
amounts to over 20,00<i,000 tons annually. The 
increase of production for the past ten years has 
been about 200,000.000 tons. 

THE PRESENT APPEARANCES. 

Hazleton, of to-day, is a town of marked busi- 
ness ai>pearance ; the streets are wide, the main 
thoroughfare, upon which is located a greater 
part of the mercantile houses, being, particularly 
so. Many of the business establishments are 
superior in their construction, while the private 
residences in their linish and surroundings, 
denote comfort and a taste for the beautiful. 
After having traveled through the wild and 
barren region between Penn Haven and Hazle- 
ton, the attractions of the borough are all the more 
ruanifest, and the traveler is very apt to be 
surprised after he has minutely insi:)ected it 
throughout. Notwithstanding a large portion 
of the population is composed of those who labor 
in and about the mines, the entire community is 
thoroughly awake to the interests of tlie borough, 
■which is manifest by the cleanliness that pervades 
its every portion. Upon all sides are to be found 
the huge "breakers" of the coal mines, surround- 
ed with waste, the accumulation of the many 
years of production, and giving the ground and 
all within the immediate vicinity that black ap- 
j^earance common to the mining regions. 

BOROUGH GOVERNMENT. 

The borough is divided into two wards, known 
as the East and West Wards, each having three 
members in the borough council. The officers 
of the borough are : 

Burgess — R. T. Kreider. 



Clerk — Joseph T. Solomon. 

Treasurer — E. S. Dowd. 

Council, West Ward — Elia.s Bachman, John A. 
Barton, Wm. Sanderbook. East Ward— David 
A. Clark, (President), John E. Giles, Justus 
Allmiller. 

President of Board of Education— J. Schwartz. 
Secretary— T. M. Santee. 

The town has an efficient Fire Department, 
well equipped, with first-class steamers and other 
neces.sary appliances for the successful combating 
with tlie element. 

CHURCHES. 

Hazleton i3 well supplied with churches, as 
follows: 

Christ Church (Reformed). — Rev. R. Assman, 
pastor. 

St. Peter's Church (Protestant Episcopal). — 
Rev. C. A. Marks, pastor. 

Christ Church (Gernuui Lutheran). — Rev.E. A. 
Bauer, pastor. 

St. John's Church (Primitive Methodist). — Rev. 
W. H. Yarrow, pastor. 

St.Gabriel's Church, ( Roman Catholic). — Pastor, 
Rev. J. J. Cummisky. Assistant Priets, Rev, 
E. W. Fitzmaurice, Rev. E. D. Phillips. 

Presbyterian Church. — Rev. Alex. B. Jack, 
pastor. 

Trinity Church (English Lutheran). — Rev. J. 
Wagner, pastor. 

St. Paul's Church (Methodist Episcopal). — 
Rev. G. T. Gray, pastor. 

PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 

The first school was built by the Hazleton Coal 
Company, in 1837. It was a frame structure, and 
was situated at the northwest corner of Church 
and Green streets, until 1848, when the iirst 
church was built. At that time Hazleton was 
a part of Sugar Loaf township, and remained so 
until the formation of the borough in 1847. The 
first building for private school purpose was 
built by A. Pardee, but it was discontinued after 
two years. In 1850 a frame building was erect- 
ed on the northeast corner of Cedar street and 
Spruce alley, and this was tlie first school house 
erected by the Board of Directors of the public 
schools. The original building at Church and 
Green streets having been burned down in 1853, 
the directors rented the store at the southeast 
corner of Broad and Wyoming streets, for school 
purposes. In February, 1855, the two-story 
brick building on the north side of Green street 
was opened, it having been erected the year pre- 
vious, and it was the first graded school in Lu- 
zerne county. December 7 and 8, 1855, the first 
teachers' institute was held in this building, and 
was attended by teachers of Black Creek, Butler, 
Hazle, and Sugar Loaf townships. 

After the incorporation of the borough, the first 
Board of School Directors were elected and the 
schools were at once improved. In the win- 
ter of 1859-60, the first course of popular 



190 



RESOURCEP OF THE LKIIKill VALLEY, 



Ifcturt's was given and the tirst teacher's dis- 
trict institute was formed. In 1866 the fratne 
scliool lunise at the southeast corner of Poplar 
and Chestnut streets was built, and in the follow- 
ing January it was opened for school purposes. 
From 1868 to 1873 the number of schools grad- 
ually increased from eight to sixteen, and the 
length of the school term increased to ten 
months. In 1869 the large brick school house 
at the corner of Chestnut and Walnut streets was 
built, and in the following January was first oc- 
cupied. The large and commodious brick struct- 
ure, on the south side of Penn street, between 
Oak and Hemlock, was erected in 1874-75, and 
occupied in September, 1875. During the school 
year of 1875-76, the course of study of the public 
schools was revised and extended, the grading of 
the schools was improved, much additional ap- 
paratus was procured, the nucleus of a school 
library was formed, and the number of schools 
was increased to twenty-one. In June, 1876, the 
borough voted to establish a borough superin- 
tendency, but after the census of 1880, the popu- 
lation falling below 7,000, the office was aband- 
oned. 

Hazleton has several private schools. In 1874 
the Catholic citizens of the place erected a build- 
ing, on Wyoming street, and in the autumn of the 
same year, the Sisters of Mercy opened a school 
therein. A select school was opened in 1866 in a 
building situated on the private grounds of A. 
Pardee's residence. 

The present number of public school buildings 
in the town is four — two in each ward. Two of 
these buildings are handsome structures, and 
equiped with every modern appliances for the 
school room. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

The first newspaper published in Hazleton 
was the Sentinel, which was established in Janu- 
ary, 1866, by John C. Stokes & Co. It is now a 
daily and weekly, and occupies a convenient of- 
fice in the Bank Building, on West Broad street. 
The daily is of four pages, and seven columns 
each, and published every morning, Sunday ex- 
cepted, by Mr. F. L. Snyder. 



Dull II Bulletin, published every afternoon, ex- 
cept Sunday, from the corner of Broad and Wy- 
oming streets, by the Bulletin Publishing Com- 
pany. 

Volksblait, German weekly. Published by 
Deerschuch & Lewis, from the office on West 
Broad street.v 

The Jcrurnal, German weekly. Published by 
R. S. StuUzbach ; office corner Broad and Penn 
streets. 

Mountain Beacon, published weekly by 

Stokes ; office West Broad street, 

RAILROADS. 

The Lehigh Valley Railroad gives an outlet for 
Hazleton to all the important points in the coun- 
try. This road, in 1868, absorbed the Hazleton 
Railroad, and have since continued the line to 
the Tonhukon, some miles west of Hazleton, 
where it connects with the Pennsylvania Rail- 
roads. This improvement has given an impetus 
to the business interests and growth of the bor- 
ough. 

HOTELS. 

Few towns of its size in tlie State have better 
hot«l facilities, among these the " Central " would 
do credit to any city. It possesses all the modern 
conveniences of steam heaters, roomy baths, gas 
and electric bells. Upon the exterior and interior 
it is a model of elegance and refinement. Situa- 
ted on the leading street, it is alike convenient for 
the traveling public and the mercantile commu- 
nity. 

There are yet many interesting facts of Hazle- 
ton's history that we desire to lay before our read- 
ers, but limited space forbids dwelling upon the 
subject. Suffice, to say, that as a place for busi- 
ness or residence, the borough of Hazleton offers 
many inducements. As a location for the latter, 
it is exceedingly healthy, theair, even in summer, 
being cool and fresh, and freighted with invigo- 
ration . 

In the following pages there are displayed for 
the consideration of the reader the prominent 
business enterprises of the borough, depicting 
the lanrivalled advantages it has to offer as a 
purchasing centre. 



A. E. KKUMM, 

Stoves, Tin, Copper and Sheet Iron Ware, East 

Broad Street. 
As a dealer in Stoves, Tin, Copper and Sheet Iron 
Ware in Hazleton, we may give to the house of A. E. 
Kr\iinm a prominent place, a position which has been 
acquired siuce 1877, in which year the business was 
establislied by O. H. Brome. In 1879 it came into 
the possession of Bates & Willits, who operated its 
aflairs about one year, when Mr. Willits was succeeded 
by A. S. Knnnm. Mr. Bates retired in August, 1881. 
Mr. Krumm becoming sole proprietor. From the outset 
the business was an hiiportant one, and its continued 
growth since the inception of the house is but a just 
and deserved compliment to the efficient management 
which has guided all its business transactions. 

Mr. Krumm is prepared at all times to meet the de- 
mands of the trade. A full line of Office, Parlor and 



Cook Stoves, Ranges, Heaters, etc., housekeeping ar- 
ticles, Copper, Tin and Sheet Iron Works of all kinds 
is always noticeable in their establishment. From 
three to eight hands are here employed, ranging, of 
course, with the season, and all the best machinery 
and mechanical appliances are brought into requisi- 
tion that will either facilitate or improve the quality of 
the work. Mr. Krumm buys for cash or on short time, 
thus securing the best goods in the market at their 
lowest valuation, and consequently is enabled to offer 
many special inducements to the trade. He is prompt 
and attentive to the wants of his patrons, courteous to 
the public, and all parties having business intercourse 
with this house, will find it of the most pleasant and 
profitable character. Mr. Krumm is a man of strict 
integrity and high standing in the community, and an 
enterprising business man. 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



191 



MILLER & GRUBB, 

Oak Hall Clothing HorsE, Strictly one 
Pkice. 

In the clothing and gents' furnishing business in 
Hazleton, Messrs. Miller & Grubb have attained their 
well-known reputation through the unilbrni superior 
quality of their goods, and llieir ability at all times to 
furnish the neatest and most stylish clothes in the mar- 
ket. .S. Miller, the senior member of the tirm, laid the 
foundation for the present business about seventeen 
years ago, and in 1880 associated witli him in the busi* 
ness Mr. L. W. Grubb, trading under the name of Miller 
& Grubb. 

Their premises occupies a most eligible location, cen- 
tral to the business community, the store room devoted 
■ to the sale and display of stock, being 22x85 feet in di- 
mensions. The largest stock of goods to be found in 
Hazleton is ,here displayed, comprising ReadyMade 
Clothing for men's, youths', boy's and children, em- 
bracing the finest patterns of goods made up in the 
most reliable, stylish and durable manner. A large 
and varied assortment of Gent's Furnishing Goods, is 
here constantly in stock ; Hats, and Caps of the best 
manufacture, and latest styles Trunks, Traveling Bags, 
Valises, and a general line of Tourist's goods, all find 
their share of space in this house. A special effort is 
made to keep the stock full of the newest goods which 
come into the market. The arrangement of the store is 
a feature of interest to eve^ry one visitiue this place. 
The strict adherence to the principle of one price is a 
prominent feature of the house, and has done much to 
establish its popularity. 

The individual members of the Arm, S. Miller and L. 
W. Grubb, have long been residents of Hazleton, and 
are numbered among her most enterprising business 
men. Mr. Miller controls a larg3 shoe trade in the 
town, upon which we dwell at length elsewhere. No 
otherhouse or tirm in this section of the country enjoy 
a greater degree of prosperity than Messrs. Miller & 
Grubb. 



ALLISON, MANS & CO., 

Founders and Machinists, Near Depot. 

The firm of Allison, Mans & Co. is not to be omitted 
from a work seeking to set forth in detail some adequate 
exhibit of the resources of the Lehigh Valley. The 
business was established several years ago and from its 
very inception has been eminently successful. The 
plant of this firm is situated in close proximity to the 
depot, and covers a large area of ground, the foundry and 
machine shop being large, spacious, well-lighted 
and admirably adapted to the purpose. They are fit- 
ted with the most modern machinery and mechanical ap- 
pliances, the machine shop being provided with machin- 
ery some of which is remarkable for its size and adapta- 
bility for the work for which it is especially constructed. 
A large number of skilled and competentmachinistsand 
moulders are employed in the difterent departntents of 
lab'ir, and the work turned out by this firm is noticea- 
ble for its superior excellence, good workmanship and 
lasting qualities. 

In the production of Mining Machinery this house 
enjoy a monopoly of the especial goods they manufac- 
ture, some of them being secured by patents which they 
own, and are particularly adapted to the uses for which 
it is designed. Among the specialties nianufiictured by 
Messrs Allison, Mans & Co. may be mentioned, the 
"Markle Coal Crusher," "Wren Grate Bar,' Kngines, 
Steam Pumps, Mine Cars, Wheels and Axles, Column, 
Steam and Water I'ipe, Iron Railing, and a general line 
of mine machinery. 



I'amiliar with the conversion and maniptilation of 
iron in all its forms, the ability and intelligence display, 
ed by the proprietors of this house enables them to pro- 
secute the business with an understanding and intelli- 
gence rarely enjoyed, and the firm occupy a standing 
and position in the calling, obtained only through meri- 
torious work, and exceptional business qualities. They 
are conservative, reliable and practical men, and enjoy 
the confidence of their patrons to the fullest extent.— 
The individual members of the firm are L. Saiididge 
Allison, II. W. Mans, Charles Maus and Harry Johns, 
gentlemen well known in business circles. No enter- 
prise in this section is better entitled to the position it 
has achieved than that of Messrs Allison, Maus & Co. 



ARNOLD & KRELL, 

The New Lion Brewery. 
The consumption of malt beverages, as shown by the 
recent industrial census of the United States, has in- 
creased more than fifty per cent, in the last decade, and 
the popularity of the beverages are manifest by the iu- 
increase in their consumption. Formerly the malt 
liquors, or the greatest part of them that was consumed 
in this country were imported from Europe, notably 
Germany, which was thought to be the only country 
in the world, that could produce beer in its original ex- 
cellence and purity. That opinion has long ago been 
exploded, by the practical .solution that as good if not 
superior beer could be brewed in America. 

In Hazleton the people have their wants in this direc- 
tion supplied with an article^ which stands second to 
none in the Lehigh Valley, by the "Lion Brewery," 
that is Operated by Messrs Arnold & Krell, and known 
throughout the Lehigh Valley, enjoying an enviable 
reputation in that and adjacent sections of the country 
for the purity of its brew, and the uniform excellence 
of its products. Being near by a cool stream of pure wa^ 
ter a necessary adjunct to the manufacture of malt 
liquors, with the other facilities enjoyed, enables them 
to turn out a superior article. The best quality of malt 
only is used here, and the appliances and machinery 
used in the brewing are complete in every particular, 
and especially adapted for the most skillful scientific 
prosecution of the work. Great care and cleanliness is 
exercised in all departments of the brewery, and the 
beverage is always kept up to its standard uniform ex- 
cellence. 

The demands of the public for this popular beer, hav- 
ing entirely outgrown tlie capacity of the Brewery, 
the firm are this season building the finest and most 
complete Brewery in the Lehigh Valley. The new 
building is 56J/^x52 feet, three stories and basement, 
with an improved patent icehouse, which will keep 
the whole building at any desired temperature, and 
throughout the "New Lion Brewery," will be built upon 
the most improved and complete plan. When completed 
the capacity will be firm 12,U00 to 15,000 barrels annually, 
and the demand bids fair to require all that can be 
made. 

Possessing a thorough familiarity and understanding 
of the business and its details, and knowing full well 
that the public appreciate their ability to produce these 
favorite beverages in its purity, this tirm maintain their 
reputation by never permitting an inferior article to 
leave their establishment. 

Messrs Arnold & Krell are known to the public as 
honorable, straight-forward gentlemen and to their trade 
as capable intelligent brewers. Their enterprise gives 
employment to several men, both in the brewery and 
delivery of their product, and in more ways than one 
does their establishment conduce to the manufacturing 
imi>ortance of the place. 



192 



RESOURCES OP THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



J. C. HAYDON&CO., 

Miners an'd Shippers of Coal, Foundry and 
Machine Shopss, Jeanesville. 
This pleasant mining town, three miles from Hazelton, 
is one of the oldest and most enterprising coal towns in 
the Lehigh region, and contains about half a dozen col- 
lieries. In active operation here are the Spring Mountain 
collieries, operated by the Arm of J. C. Haydou & Co. 
These mines are worked under lease, and all the coal 
mined by this firm at these collieries is sold to the Le- 
high Coal ("ompany. This deposit is known as the 
"Beaver Meadow Basin." and the coal is taken from the 
Mammoth and Wharton veins. The production in 1880, 
■operating 189 days,was 178,000 tons, and the present out- 
put is from l.'i,(lOO to 18,000 tons permonth. These mines 
were first opened about 1850, and there are now five 
slopes ranging from 330 to 790 feet. The coal mined is 
•clean, bright and of excellent quality. The mines are 
supplied with breakers, gigs and machinery of the most 
improved character,and are admirably equiped in all re- 
spects. Messrs. Haydon & Co. also operate the well- 
known Glendon mines in the Shenandoah region, pro- 
ducing in 1880, 89,600 tons of coal, working 1(55 days. 
They employ here about two hundred and forty men 
in all capacities. This coal is sold through the firm of 
Robinson, Haydon & Co., of 111 Broadway, New York. 
This firm are large shippers of coal, and handle beside 
the entire product of the Glendon Collieries, large quan- 
tities of coal from this and other regions, and are 
always prepared to quote the most favorable terms and 
prices, and to iill promptly^ orders in any quantity, and 
of any desired quality. 

The firm of J. C. Haydon & Co. are proprietors of an 
extensive foundry and machine shop at Jeanesville, 
where they employ fifty men, and manufacture a large 
amount of mining and mill machinery, engines, pumps, 
etc., annually. These works are the principal industry 
of the town, aside from mining, and are complete in all 
respects, and fully prepared to turn out work in their 
line, not excelled in any establishment in the Lehigh 
Valley. The works were established in 1843, and came 
under the proprietoiship of Messrs. J. C. Haydon & Co., 
in 1870; since when they have been largely improved, 
and their capacity increased. Among the specialties 
made here are the Bradley Patent Coal Gig, one of the 
most successful and eli'ective gigs in use, and one which 
having been a long time in use, is offered to the trade 
with the assurance that it is in all respects the equal of 
any gig in the market. It is durable, simple in C( n- 
struction, doing its work thoroughly, not liable to get 
out of order, and occupying but small space. 

The Allison Patent Steam Pump is one of the most im- 
portant specialties made here. It is designed for heavy 
mine work, and combines many special features which 
have been fully tested. 

.lohn Wootten's blower and system of burning anthra- 
cite coal dirt is also largely manufactured here. The 
day will surely come when some plan will be adapted 
to utilize coal dust. The inventor of this system claims 
to have fouud it in sending a jet of steam from the 
boiler through a peculiarly shaped valve, in such 
a manner as to carry with it a large quantity of air, 
making a forced blast through the coal. Besides these 
specialties, Messrs. Haydon & Co. manufacture Engines, 
Boilers, Pumps and mine machinery generally, and 
have the machinery and necessary facilities for doing 
anything in their line. The works are running to their 
full capacity, and for the past year many orders have 
been declined. 

The individual members of the firm are J. C. Haydon, 
of Jeansville, and Francis Robinson, of New York City. 
The New Y'ork house is composed of the same gentle- 



men, and Francis I\obinson, Jr., under the firm name 
of Robinson, Haydon. & Co. Their office is at No. Ill 
Broadway, Trinity Building. 

L. W. DRAKE, 

The Hazleton Coffin and Casket Works. 

Hazletou is known as one of the mo.st enterprising 
and thrifty towns both in an industrial and mercantile 
point of view, in the Lehigh Valley. Situated in the 
vicinity to large and wealthy coal fields, with an in- 
du.strious and thrifty population, its development and 
increase in business importance has been rapid, and 
continuous. Much of the thrift of the place is due to 
the able and indefatigible cla.ss of business men who 
conduct their operations upon true business principles, 
and give the town an air of thrift rarely manifest in' 
places of this size. Briefly mentioning the diftercnt 
prominent business houses here, that have conduced 
not a little to the general welfare of the place, a brief 
review of the enterprises of Mr. L. W. Drake is emi- 
nently proper. The most important, the Hazleton 
Coffin and Casket Works were established in 1877, and 
this is the only regular Coffin Manufactory in the 
Valley. With this advantage and posses.sing all needed 
facilities, and the most improved machinery, the 
Hazleton Works have become widely known, and the 
work turned out here finds a ready market. 

All kinds offinished Wood Coffins and Caskets made 
in about twenty difterent styles, finished in Wood or 
cloth covered, and made under several patents owned 
by Geo. Drake, are produced here, and the demand is 
such as to compell the running of the works to their 
fullest capacity. The trade extends not only to the 
Lehigh Valley but far beyond the borders of the State, 
and is steadily increasing. 

Mr. Drake enjoys superior facilities for the prosecu- 
tion of this business, occupying an immense building 
150x60 feet, the plant covering a large area of ground, 
including the Mill, Y'ards, Dry-house, etc. 

In the difterent departments of labor about 45 men 
are employed, and the works contain a full and com- 
plete line of Wood Working Machinery and the best 
appliances for the prosecution of the business. 

In this special line of production Mr. Drake has no 
competitor in this section, nor one anywhere that can 
otter such marked advantages in prices, or supply 
goods of such unequalled perfection. 

Mr. Drake has been since 1846 largely engaged in 
building, owning the largest Planing Mill in this sec- 
tion. All the fine public buildings of the .town, the 
handsome Central Hotel aud Pardee & Markle's Bank 
Building, are two lasting monuments of his skill and 
ability. 

The Hazleton Planing Mill has for years been head- 
quarters for all builders in this section, and orders are 
almost daily received from distant points. All plan- 
ing mill work is done here, and a line of Sash, Doors, 
Blinds, Mouldings, etc., of superior quality, extensive 
and varied, is always in stock. Special orders for any 
work in this line can always be filled on short notice. 
Mr. Drake's thorough knowledge of the business in all 
its details, enables him to turn out a superior class of 
manufactured goods, which meets an active demand 
in all the surrounding country. 

In 1875 Mr. Drake opened in connection with his 
otlier enterprises, a hardware store, which is located at 
No. 30 West Broad Street, and is in all its appointments 
one of the most attractive stores in town. His long ex- 
perience as a builder enables him to place before the 
public a stock of goods best adapted to their wants, and 
he has been eminently successful in building up a 



IIESOTTRCKS OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



193 



ilarge and profitable trade. He carries iu stock a full 
line of Builders' Hardware, imported and American 
•Cutlery, au extensive stock of Paints, Oils, Glass, etc., 
•and a general liue of Miners' Goods and Miners' Sup- 
5)lies. 

Nothing is kept in stock that will not bear recom- 
mendation, and no misrepresentation of stock is ever 
permitted. This estaolishmcnt, like the others men. 
tioned, is a credit to its proprietor, and an evidence of 
his judgment and business ability. 

Did our space permit, a more detailed account of these 
enterprises would be iuterestint,', but while enough has 
been said to give au idea of their e.vtent and character, 
it is due to the proprietor to say that his energy and 
enterprise has done much to build up and foster the 
material interests of Ilazleton, and by the superior 
• qtiality of his products and the extensive nature of 
his operations, has the reputation of this busy thriving 
town, as a manufacturing center, been widely ex- 
tended. 



• J. F. BARBER & CO., 

Stoves, Tin-wake, Lamp Goods, etc., 104 Wkst 

Broad Sti;eet. 
For twelve years the firm of J. F. Barber & Co. has oc- 
cupied more than ordinary position in the industrial 
system of this community, and it is not to be overlook- 
ed in a work devoted to a careful delineation of the 
.advantages and resources of Hazleton, as a trade cen- 
tre. The establishment refered to is located as above, 
and embraces a capacious store and basement, covering 
an area of 22x150 feet, and adapted both in situation 
and management for all the demands of business. Here 
is conducted a large jobbing and retail trade, extend- 
ing over this and adjacent counties, and handling au 
extensive liue of Parlor, Cook, and Office Stoves, Hea- 
ters, Ranges, Ventilators, Grates, and general mine 
supplies in their line, Tin-ware and Housekeepers goods, 
of all kinds, are always in store, the depletions of the 
■Stock being always replenished by the best and most 
serviceable goods obtainable in the market. Lamps and 
Lamp Goods of all descriptions, makes and for every 
purpose, are selected and kept in stock to meet the im- 
mediate and acting wants of trade. 

This business is sub-divided under different heads 
for facilities of operation. The basement being used 
.for storing, the first floor for the sale and display of 
Stoves, Tiu-ware, and Housekeepers' articles, while the 
second is set apart for manufacturing purpo.ses with a 
storage left above this. Thirteen men are employed in 
'ihe repair and prompt prosecution of the enterprise, the 
manufacturing business of the house iu itself being a 
large, and growing feature of the trade. The business 
is one of the oldest and best known in this section, hav- 
ing been established about thirty years- ago, but only 
with the accession of the present proprietors at the head 
of the hi use did its al'ai s assume anything like its pres- 
ent importance. 

The individual members of the firm are John F. & 
■Charles W.Barber, both known to the public as enter- 
prising energetic business men, who have by their un- 
tiring energy and native bu.>iuess ability, pushed them- 
selves to a position of importance among the business 
jnen of the community. They are ])ractical to the bus- 
.iucss, and carel'ul discerning tradesmen, and oflTer su- 
perior inducements to parties favoring them with their 
patronage. We can heartily commend this house to the 
public for honoiable dealings and their ablility to sup- 
ply first-class goods, at low prices, features of business 
enterprise that the trade will never be slow to appreci- 
.ate. 



>TKVENS BROS., 

Painters and Paper Hangers, No. 103 East 
Broad Stkeet. 

This is one of the newer industrial and mercantile es- 
tablisliments of the Lehigh Valley , and although several 
branches of the mercantile and industrial trade are 
represented, we are compelled to admit that each de- 
partment receives its proper care and attention. The 
stock in each department is full and complete. Wall 
Papers, Window Shades and Fixtures are kept in stock, 
the former being displayed of the neatest de.signs and 
most stylish patterns, while the latter are corresponding 
iu both style and durability. Stationery goods. Writing, 
Note Paper, Box Paper, Papeterie, and a general line of 
Blank Books and Stationer's goods are kept constantly 
before the public. Paints, Oils, Glass and Painter's ma- 
terial generally are kept in great abundance, and of 
recognized purity and excellence. They also conduct 
the I'ainting and Graining and interior Decorating 
business in a numner highly creditable to the linn and 
to the town, their reputation in this line extending to 
distant parts of the State. Mr. Stevens is the inventor 
of a process for varnishing paper, which does away with 
sizing and avoids all possibility of spoiling even the 
finest tinted pai)ers, and forms a glossy finish, hand- 
some and durable. Four assistants are employed 
in the different departments, and prompt and imme. 
diate attention is given the demands of the public. 

This firm are recognized among the best artists in 
their special line in this section, and evidences of their 
taste and ability are apparent upon several of the finest 
hi uses of the town. 

The members of the firm are W. W. Stevens and A. L. 
.•-Stevens, both of whom are known to the community as 
honorable business men decidedly in earnest with their 
enterprise. 



.'^PAIDE BROS, 

Groceries and Provisions, 32 East Broad 

Street. 
In Hazleton there are a number of merchants conduct- 
ing the grocery and provision business, none of which, 
however, are more prominent with the trade, or more 
popular with the public than the firm of Messrs. Spaide 
Brothers, who occupy the eligible business house No. 
32 East Broad Street. This business was established in 
1878, and may yet be called comparatively young, but 
the ability with which it is managed will warrant the 
assertion that its success is already an accepted fact, 
and its prosperity and standing is being strengthened 
and increased every year. Carrying at all times a line 
of pure and fresh, fine and staple Groceries, Teas, Cof- 
fees, Spices, Canned Goods, Provisions, Meats, and Fish, 
with a large line of Glass and Queensware, it is not dif- 
ficult to conceive that the affairs of this house are prop- 
erly conducted, and itsability to supply the public with 
all the goods pertaining to the trade is unexcelled. 

In the transactions of the aflairs of the firm five men 
besides the proprietors are constantly employed, which 
may serve to give an idea to the general reader of the 
extent the business of this house has reached. They 
carry only the best fine and medium grades of goods, 
represent in accordance with the fact, and sell at mod- 
erate prices. 

Tlie individual members of the firm, Levi and Simon 
Spaide, are business men of more than ordinary ability 
and intelligence, which is illustrated by the fact that 
tliey have so soon worked their way upwards from a 
small beginning to their present importance in the mer- 
cantile interests of Hazleton. 



194 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



A. PARDEE it CO., 

MiNKiis AND Shippers of Coai. 
The Lehigh Valley and its tributaries forms one of 
richest and most interesting sections of the Common- 
•wealth ; the most causal observer cannot fail to be im- 
pressed with this fact. Fursueing our more careful in- 
vestigation of its varied industries as far as Hazleton. 
■vv-e find ourselves in one of the richest and most pro- 
ductive coal producing sections of the State, and among 
men widely known as miners and shippers of this, the 
important product of nature's laboratory. The mines 
here were among the first opened, their product ranks 
first in quality, and comparatively only a beginning has 
been made in bringing to the surface this almost inex- 
hanstable source of wealth. 

The anthracite coal fields of Pennsylvania comprise 
an area of 309,120 acres. Lying in four great natural 
divisions known as the First or Southern, comprising 
101,760 acres ; Second or Middle of 58,880 acres ; Third 
or Northern 124,160 acres, and the Lehigh Coal Fields 
24,320 acres. In the first three fields the deposits are in 
a single basin, while in the Lehigh the deposit is found 
in several smaller basins, detached, broken and con- 
torted, but the same veins of coal, and the same char- 
acteristics prevail in each. The principal veins worked 
are known to the trade as the Mammoth, Buck Moun- 
tain and Wharton, but under and over lying these are 
several smaller veins not as yet developed to any con- 
siderable extent. 

The coal of this region is noted for its excellent qual- 
ity, and is recognized by the trade as being the finest in 
market. The mines are all worked on the .slope prin- 
ciple with latest improved machinery and best appli- 
ances for bringing the coal to the surface, while trans- 
portation facilities are unsurpassed, and coal can be 
landed at tide water at minimum cost. 

Some of the largest operators in the State are here. 
Among them being notably Mr. Ario Pardee, who is 
probably the heaviest individual miner of coal in the 
entire State. The enterprises with which he is connect- 
ed are so varied, and yet so intimately related with 
each other that we shall treat of them collectively in 
this article, as the most available manner of presenting 
a correct idea of them. 

The first and most important is the firm of A. Pardee 
& Co., Avhich is composed of Ario Pardee, and the heirs 
of J. Gillingham Fell. This firm operate the Hazleton, 
Hazleton No. 3 and No. 6, Sugar Loaf, South Sugar Loaf, 
Laurel Hill, Cranberry and Ciystal Kidge Mines. These 
mines produced in ISSO, 503,222 tons of coal, and are 
now producing about 60,000 tons per month. The force 
of men employed in all capacities is about 1,650, and 
the monthly pay roll amounts to over $.50,000. The 
breakers, machinery and appliances are all first-class, 
and the mines are worked with every possible care for 
the safety of the men. This firm are operating and 
have under lease about 4,600 acres of coal land. They 
have at each of the mines a village which they own, 
and supply their men from their own stores. In Hazle- 
ton the largest and one of the finest stores in town is 
thatof A. Pardee & Co., and the principal Grist Mill, as 
well as one of the Machine Shops of the town, is owned 
and operated by them. 

Next in point of importance as operators is the firm of 
Pardee, Bro. & Co., composed of A. Pardee, Jr., M. M. 
Cooper, Calvin Pardee and Ario Pardee, operating the 
Lattimer Collieries No. 1 and 2, consisting of 650 acres. 
About four hundred men and twenty-five mules are 
employed, and the mines produced in 1880, working 175 
days, 218,000 tons of coal, and are now worked to a 
capacity of 25,000 tons per mouth. 

Next in importance comes the firm of Pardee, Sons & 
Co., composed of Ario Pardee, the heirsof J. Gillingham 



Fell, Ario Pardee, Jr., and Calvin Pardee. This firm.' 
operare the Mt. Pleasant Collieries, consisting of about, 
eight hundred and fifty acres of land. Here they employ 
three hundred men in different capacities, and about 
forty mules, producing in 1880, 94,257 tons of coal, and. 
now operated at the rate of about 14,000 tons per mouth. 
We have left for the last a brief description of the 
Holly Wood Colliery, operated by the firm of Calvin 
Pardee & Co. This firm is composed of Calvin Pardee,, 
the heirsof J. Gillingham Fell, A. Pardee and A. Pardee,. 
Jr. The Holly Wood Collieries are worked in part in a. 
diflfereut manner, a more particular description than we- 
are able to give would be of interest as it would afford- 
to these unacquainted with the manner in which coal 
is found, and the plan upon which it is mined, ap in- 
teresting explanation which our space will not admit. 
Suflice tQ say, a portion of the mine which had been 
worked on the slope principle has been increased by 
the removal of 125,000 to 150,000 cubic yards of earth and 
rock, exposing a vein of the best quality of coal, thirty- 
five feet thick, all of which can be removed, and at a. 
cost far below the former plan. Here the uninitiated^, 
can see at a glance the manner of opening and working 
a coal mine, and the whole system of breasts, gangways,, 
airways, etc., much better than by exploring these mys- 
teries in the mines. The unusual thickness of the vein, 
at this point, its nearness to the surface and the ease, 
with which it can be worked, promises a rich rewards 
for the energy and business sagacity that prompted such 
an outlay of capital. 

The product of these strippings is only a small portion, 
of the coal mined by this firm. They have besides at. 
No. 1 a breaker with full compliment of screens, gigs 
and other machinery, and produced in 1880, working. 
179 days, about 95,000 tons of coal, the Mammoth vein 
being the one worked. The present out-put is about. 
13,000 tons per month, the number of men employed io. 
all capacities being about three hundred. 

The out-put of all these mines is handled by the firm, 
of A. Pardee & Co., who are exclusive agents. This 
firm has offices in New York, Philadelphia and Boston. 
The Philadelphia office being at No. 237 South Third 
Street, in charge of H. C. Cochran. The New York office 
is at No. Ill Broadway, Trinity Building, under the 
management of Wm. Mershon. 

A. Pardee & Co. will this year handle over one million, 
tons of coal. We believe this will constitute them the 
most extensive individual shippers of anthracite coal iu 
America. The quality of this coal has already been, 
mentioned, and its reputation with the trade cannot b& 
enhaHced by any words we may use. 

Of the individual members of these several firms it is 
not our purpose to speak at length. Suffice to sa-y, they 
are widely known, and universally esteemed as enter- 
prising, honorable business men. No name is so closely 
identified with the material prosperity of Hazleton as- 
that of Pardee, and the whole Lehigh Valley owes much 
of its present prosperity, commercial and manufactur- 
ing importance to Ario Pardee, who when a young man 
came herewith no other capital than health, energy 
and indomiable perseverance, and now as a man of 
ripened years and ample experience is at the head of 
some of its most important enterprises. 

The firm of A. Pardee & Co. are always prepared to 
supply in any quantity, coal of any grade, or for any 
purpose on the most favorable terms. 

McNAIR & HOAGLAND, 

Whoi-esale and Retail Druggists, No. 9 Bhoai> 

Street. 
The drug business in its highest development is well 
represented in Hazleton, and by no firm better than Mc- 
Nair & Hoagland, who occupy one of the finest Drug 



RESOUKCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



19» 



•rStores In the Lehigh Valley located at No. 9 West Broad 
Street, where they display a stook of goods, whieh for 
quality, neatuess of arraugement, intrinsic value, is not 

^surpassed in auy town of this size in the State. It wilt 
be of interest to note the number of changes in the 

.house since its inception by Dr. Wells, fifteen years ago. 
After conducting the business for some time, the Dr. 

■ was siK'ccedwl by Jenkins & Foutz, who in time were 
succeeded by Hricklej- & McNair in July 1S75. In June 
187!i, by the withdrawal of Mr. Uriclvley, Mr. McNair 
became sole proprietor, and continued the management 
of t lie business alone until April, 18S1, when by the as- 
sociation of Mr. lloagland in the business the firm as- 
sumed its present style and title. 

A large doub' building divided into two departments, 
17-1x84 feet is occupied, and constantly filled with tlie 
best goods in the market. A valuable stock of Drugs. 
Medicines, Perfumery, Toilet and Fancy Goods, Taints, 

Oils and GJass, is carried, no article being wanted to 
make the stock complete. The tirm conducts a large 
prescription business, the qualitications of its members 
being considered by the medical profession first-class, 
and great care is taken in accurately compounding, no 

■drugs but the best and freshest entering into any of the 
preparations. The house have several specialties of 

their own compouudiug, which enjoy the highest repu- 
tation for efficacy, and freedom from harmful drug.-^ 

•One of the promiueul articles this house offers the trade 
is ISIc.Vair's Corn destroyer, an article of recognizLd 
merit. For any case wherein this remedy is used 
strictly in accordance with directions, and the results 
desired is not achieved, they offer to pay a reward of 
810. Keady-mixed Paints of all colors and shades for 

•painting houses and other buildings is a large feature of 
trade, while several other equally meritorious lines of 

^goods are carried. 

The individual members of the firm, J. Sharon Mc- 
Nair and W. J. lloagland, are both practical to the busi- 
ness and attentive to its details, careful and discerning 
in its prosecution. 

H.J. SCHLEPPY, 

Dry Goods and Carpp;ts, West Broad Street. 
Conspicuous among the public spirited and enteipris- 
.ing business houses of Hazleton may be mentioned that 
ofH J. Schleppy, who conducts a large trade in Dry 
•Goods, Carpets, etc. This establishment has been in 
operation for more than fifteen years, but under the 
management of the present proprietor, only since April, 
.1880. The premises occupied, are admirably located in 
the most central and convenient part of the city, and 
-are finely appointed, and arranged for the purpose to 
which they are applied. The room used for the display 
and sale of goods is 20x80 feet iu dimensions, the front 
being provided with large, plate windows, while the in- 
terior arraugement and furnishing of the store, is per- 
fect and complete in every i)articiilar. One of the larg- 
■est and finest stocks of goods, to be found in Hazle- 
ton, are here constantly on hand.embniciug Dry Goods, 
Dress (.iood.s, Silks, Cassimers, and Domestic prints, and 
& general line of such goods as carried in the large 
stores of the metropolitan cities. A department is de- 
voted to the sale of Carpets, in which a large business 
is transacted, Mr. Schleppy, enjoying anexcellent repu- 
tation in this class of goods. Wilion, Axmiuister, Brus- 
sels, and all the better and medium grades of Carpets 
are kept in stock. The trade of tliis house is very large 
each year, and tluit is constantly growiug may be in- 
ferred from the extra facilities brought into requisition 
to meet the dcnumds of trade. Ihree ai^sistants are 
-constantly in attendance, and the entire business pre- 
-sided over by the proprietor. Tlie policy of this house 
lias always been fair dealing, and to that and the ex- 



cellent quality of the goods kept for sale, the trade is 
principally due. 

.Mr. H. J. Schleppy is a native of Northampton coun- 
ty, was born near Nazareth, and has spent his whole 
life in this section of the country. In early life he 
familiarized himself with the business which he was 
destined to follow, ami his presence and enterprise have 
been of decided advantage to the material welfare and 
improvement of Hazletou. A courtious,affable gentleman 
and a just, honorable merchant, the place he holds in 
the social and mercantile circles of this city, are justly 
deserved and merited. 



GEORGE H. RICE, 

Singer Manufacturing Company, North Wyom- 
ing Street. 

Mr. Rice has been established in his present quarters 
about four years, and the large number of Singer Sew. 
ing Machines he has sold during that period attest 
plainly the superiority of this machine and the popu- 
larity of the agent. It seems hardly necessary for us to 
dwell at any length upon the merits of "The Singer," as 
they are already well-known to all the sewing people in 
tlie community. They claim many important advan- 
tages over other machines, and upon the.se claims they 
have been awarded innumerable medals and diplomas 
from State, national and industrial exhibitions, in com- 
petition with other machines. The annual sales of 
this Company in all sections reached in ISSO, .J38,609 ma. 
chines, which fact cau be appropriately stated to show 
their popularity in all parts of the world. The basis 
upon which this Company transact its business are 
liberal, and calculated to inspire the people with confi- 
dence. The Singer Sewing Machines are sold upon the 
instalment plan, by which policy people in moderate 
circunisiauces can produce a machine by the payment 
of a nominal sum monthly until the machine is finally 
paid for. 

The agent, Mr. Rice, attends personally to the w-ants 
of the people in Hazleton, and manages the affairs of 
his business with discernment and discretion, and the 
Company are to be congratulated upou securing his 
services to act as agent between them and the public. 



MOUNTAIN CITY TEA STORE, 

F. G. Dodson, Proprietor, No. 21 West Broad 

Street. 
The Mountain City Tea Store is an enterprise of 
which Hazleton may justly feel proud. Although 
having began its operations recently as April, 1880, it is 
however none the less popular, and gives unmis- 
takable evidences of rapid growth and financial pros- 
perity. F. G. Dod.sou, the proprietor, belongs to that 
active classof business men who beside capital, invest 
energy, enterprise and ability into their business affairs. 
Thoroughly honorable and capable, his business is 
managed in such a way as serves to draw him a fine 
and growing patronage. In stock at all seasons may be 
found a full line of Teas, iu all varieties of China and 
Japanese growth, stri('tly pure, unadulterat.;d aud fresh 
spices, ground aud whole ; pure, and fresli Groceries, 
staple and fancy Canned Goods, Provisions, Meats, Flour, 
of the best makes, China, Glass and Qneensware. Mr. 
Dodson puicliascs chierty for cash, and only from the 
most reliable houses, aud consequently cau recom- 
mend his goods. A specialty of trade may be .said, is 
Tea aud Coffee, for which unequalled facilities are en- 
joyed in its purchase aud proper handling. 

Mr. Dodson is a thorougli judge of tlie article, and his 
customers having the benefit of his experience, are par- 
ticularly well served iu this line of goods. He is a resi- 
dent of Hazelton, is ku<nvn by the public as an honora- 
ble, upriglit business man, and straight-forward citizen. 



196 



KESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



COXE BROS. & CO.. 

Miners and Shippers of Coal, Drifton. 

A quarter of a ceutury ago the vast and invaluable 
fields of coal deposited so fortunately al6ug the Lehigh 
Valley, were yet undiscovered, obscure, or their proper 
value was not appreciated. Even after their accidental 
discovery, no one at that time would have ventured to 
predict the great and iniportnnt source of wealth it has 
proved to Pennsylvania, nor the effect it has had upon 
the financial affairs of this country. Lying hidden for 
ages beneath the virgin soil of the State, this treasure 
has been left for the present generation to de- 
velop. The wild region of the Lehigh, has been tra- 
versed by railways from all directions, and its rugged 
mountains echo to the thunder of the Iron Horse, 
bearing from its practically inexhaustible store house 
millions of tons annually of fuel that furnishes good 
light and motive power for millions of people and 
countless industries. 

The several deposits seem inexhaustible in their wealth, 
and despite the inroads of the army of miners, with 
their improved machinery and appliances, and the de- 
mands of the world for the product, they will remain 
a fertile source of supply for years to come. 

In visiting the different mines of the Lehigh Valley, 
we have been impressed with the magnitude of the op 
erations, and their claims for special mention in a work 
of this kind, intended to display the resources of this 
important section. Near Hazeltou, in the handsomest 
and most attractive mining town it has been our for- 
tune to visit, we find the extensive mines of Ooxe Bros 
& Co. .who are among the most important and extensive 
private operators in the State. 

Their mines at Drifton were first opened in 1865, and 
they are now operating three slopes, with three break" 
ers, and bringing to the surface about 45,000 tons per 
month. They give constant employment to about 1,500 
men, and one hundred and fifty mules, employing in 
the operation of their mines, the latest and most im- 
proved machinery and appliances. Indeed the mines 
operated by Messrs. Coxe Bros. & Co. are noted as being 
the most complete in arrangement and in detail of any 
in this section, if not in the whole State. The village 
of Drifton is composed of about three hundred houses, 
all owned by the firm. It is lighted by gas, and contains 
the finest public hall to be found in any town of its 
size probably in America. It was built in 1878 to give 
their men an opportunity for innocent and healthful 
amusement, and contains beside the main hall, which 
is capable of seating 1,200, a reading room, well supplied 
with periodicals and magazines, and a library of about 
one thousand standard books, to which all the resi- 
dents of the place, have free access. No intoxicating 
liquors are sold in the town. 

The individual members of the firm, are Eckley B. 
Coxe, Alex. B. Coxe, Henry B. Coxe, estate of Charles B 
Coxe. The former, Eckley B. Coxe, is the present State 
Senator. The firm is well known to need any words of 
lanudation in this work. Among the miners and ship- 
pers of Coal the firm of Coxe Bros. &Vo. occupies a prom- 
inent position, and enjoys among business men general- 
ly, a reputation fijr upright dealing, commendable enter- 
prise and strict integrity. The New York office is at 111 
Broadway, with branch office, at 26 Exchange Place, 
Boston; 94 Dearborn street, Chicago, and 206 Walnut 
Place, Philadelphia. E. B. & S. W. Ely are the New 
York agents. 



S. MILLER, 

Boots and Shoes, 26 and 28 W. Broad Street. 
Among the establishments in Hazleton, whose busi- 
ness affairs have extended largely, entitling it to a 



prominent place in our work, is the house of S. Miller, 
dealer in Boots and Slioes. This enterprise was es- 
tablished in 1864 by the present proprietor, with com- 
parative small resources and limited facilities, but. 
investing in the management of the house pluck, de- 
termination and executive ability, the trade soon began, 
to assume prosperous indications, and to-day the house- 
does one of the most important trades in the line that 
is conducted in the Lehigh Valley. 

Most excellent premises are occupied by Mr. Miller, 
two adjoining stores being devoted to the bu.siness. 
They are botli large and finely appointed rooms, with 
all the best facilities for the prosecution of the trade.. 
Situated on the central thoroughfare of trade, tlie ap- 
pearance of the stores, together with the completeness- 
and fullness of the stock, attract the attention of alL 
passers. The business is divided into two departments,. 
on( being devoted to the sale and display of shoes,, 
gaiters, slippers, and goods for Ladies, Misses, and. 
Children, embracing goods of the best make and finish 
The other department is replete with a line of Boots- 
and Shoes, for men, boys, youths and children, ad- 
apted to meet the wants of all. Six courteous and at- 
tentive salesmen and ladies are here employed. The- 
arrangement of the interior of the stores are complete- 
in all their details, and the business is reduced to a. 
perfect system. 

No dealer in Hazleton is more thoroughly com- 
petent to conduct this business than Mr. Miller, his- 
long practical experience and thorough understanding 
of the trade enables him to select the best makes, most 
durable and best finished goods to be obtained in the 
market. Mr. Miller has also au interest in the Oak- 
Hall Clothing House, the largest clothing store in town 
and is also proprietor of a large store at New Loudon^ 
where he deals very largely in Boots and Shoes 
Clothing, Hats and Caps and Furnishing Goods. Mr. 
Miller by his various enterprises contributes much to- 
the mercantile development of Hazleton, and is re- 
garded as a good business man and a public spirited 
citizen. 



G. D. GORMAN, 

Dry Goods and Notions, 37 and 39 We.st Broai> 

Street. 
In Hazleton there are a number of prominent, en- 
ergetic business men, conducting different branches or 
mercantile industry, none of whom are more promi- 
nent than Mr. G. D. Gorman, dealer in Dry Goods and 
Notions. The business of this house date back to 1869,. 
when it was estaljlished by the present proprietor, at 
the same admirable location now occupied. A large 
double building, Nos.37 and 39 West Broad street, where 
ample facilities are enjoyed for the display and sale of 
goods. Five capable and courteous assistants are employ- 
ed, and give their best attention to the prompt discharge 
of the business affairs of the house. It would be dif- 
ficult indeed to give anything like a detailed list of 
the articles dealt in by this house, in part we mention. 
Dry Goods, Ladies' Dolmans, Ulsters, Cloaks and Suits, 
Misses and Children's Suits, Cloth and Flannel Suitings' 
Cashmers, Poplins, Silks, Satins and Brocades, Black 
Silks and Cashmers, all grades and prices, Hosiery. 
Gloves, Notions, Ribbons, Trimmings, Laces, Embroid- 
eries, White Goods, etc. A specialty is made of Dress 
Gloves for ladies, this house being agent for the cele- 
brated "Foster" kid gloves, and other p-opular makes 
are kept in stock. So vast, varied and well assorted is 
this stock of goods, that it is almost impossible to men- 
tion anything needed by the ladies that cannot be pur- 
chased here. Suffice to say in all department- the stock 
is always complete. The trade enjoyed by this enterprise;: 



RESOinir-ES OF THE LEHIGH VAT.T.EY, 



197 



Is large and prosperous, many of the people of Hazleton 
have been patrons of the house since its inception. The 
policy upon wliich the business is conducted, is liberal 
and generous, and all having business intercourse with 
the establishment will find it of a most pleasant and 
profitable character. 

Mr. G. D. Gorman is a native of Hazleton, and is 
known by his intercotirse among citizens, to be honora- 
ble and upriglit in all his affairs. He is a gentleman. 
mtributing much by his interest in the borough to its 
material welfare. 

1 A'PERBURN, SMITH & DEISROTH, 

1)KY Goons, Notions, Oil Cloths, Carpets and 
FuRNiTURK, Corner of Broad, Laurel and 

Mine Streets. 

It Is with iileasure that we present for the considera- 
tion of our readers some facts with regard to the house 
of Lauderbiirn, Smith & Deisroth. The large, handsome 
and splendidly stocked establishment, located at the 
corner of Broad and Laurel streets, is 28 feet front, 
running back to depth of 150 feet, three stores and base- 
ment, the building being a finely appointed commo- 
dious structure, imparting a business appearance to this 
section of the town. The store is filled from end to end 
with as large, varied and attractive line of goods, as 
any one could desire, and the stock is kept supplied 
with frequent invoices of all staple and standard goods.as 
well as the latest novelties and newest patterns. The 
tasteful manner in which the goods are displayed, the 
perfect neatness in wliich everthing is kept, makes this 
establishment particularly attractive, and speaks vol- 
umes for the good taste and high appreciatiom of the 
advantages to be derived from an attractive and pleas- 
ant place in wliich to greet customers. 

Here at all times may be found, a very complete as- 
sortment of Staple and Fancy Dry Goods, Foreign and 
Domestic, embracing a wide range in the varied de- 
partments of textile fabrics and aftbrdiug an oportunity 
for selection rarely obtainable outside of the great mar- 
kets of the country. Notions of the newest and finest 
manufacture for ladies' and gents', are also in stock, 
while Furniture of the newest patterns, best designs and 
most durable, go to make the store complete in its abil- 
ity to meet tlie wants of the general public, and shop- 
pers. They also carry a full line of Carpets of every 
grade, make and quality, imported and domestic, Mat- 
tings, Rugs, Druggets, Oil Cloths and every qualities of 
floor coverings, .selected with a comprehensive knowl- 
edge of the business, and a nice discrimination as to 
the exact requirements of the trade. The business is 
derived from the best residents of the community, and 
an active jobbing demand from small store keepers in 
the surrounding neighborhood. 

Since the establishment in 18G0, by F. Lauderburn tt 
Co., this house has always held a prominent position in 
the trade through all the changes incidental to ;i 
career, covering a period of nearly a quarter of a cen- 
tury. From its title, this house after a continuation of 
nine years, became Lauderburn, Smith & Deisroth, 
under which title the business has been conducted for 
the past eleven years, with seven assistants, and three 
huge floors, witli the basement stored with giHuls, it may 
readily be inferred that there is no more important dis- 
tributing house in this section of tlie country. 

The firm is composed of F. Lauderburn, a native of 
Westmorland county. Pa., Sampson Smith, of Luzerne 
county, and I'eter Deisroth, of Luzerii'e county. They 
are all gentlemen of prominence in meicautile life 
with extensive business ac<iuaintanee, and superior ex- 
ecutive ability, aud to them is due not a little of the 



credit of giving Hazleton a reputntion as a mercantile 
centre, such as without them the town whould never 
have enjoyed. Cordially commending this house to the 
public and the trade, and directing attention to the 
manner in which it is conducted, and the amplitude 
of its resources, it may be properly added, that ranking 
among the first in the time of its cotcmporaries, the es- 
talilishment of Lauderburn. Smith & Deisroth is of that 
class which commands the respect ui the trade, and 
consideration of the community at large. 

E. J. RODGERS, 

Furniture, Carpets, etc., 106 Wkst Broad St. 

This widely known house was established thirteen 
years ago by Hooven, Fernan & Montz. Mr. Rodgers 
became interested in the business in 1877, and has since 
enjoyed a period of prosperity and financial success. 
The premises occupied are situated on Broad Street, the 
main thoroughfare of the town; the building is one of 
the adornments to Hazleton. The store room has a 
frontage of thirty feet, extending back to the depth of 
one hundred feet, and is admirably fitted up for the 
rapid and convenient transaction of business. 

The stock embraces Carpets of every grade, make and 
quality, imported and domestic, Rugs, Druggets, Mat- 
tings, Oil Cloths, and every kind of floor covering 
Furniture of all the finest makes, most unique, and 
striking designs for chambers, dining rooms, parlors ; 
Picture Frames, Brackets and Cornices. The stock is 
made of the best woods, by the best vvorkmen and com- 
prises an assortment from which may be selected 
articles in this line to suit the tastes, and come within 
the means of all. This store has also a department for 
the sale of sewing machines and supplies of all kinds, 
from whence may be obtained any article desired con- 
nected with the standard machines, while the machines 
themselves are sold and extensively handled. Mr. 
Rogers is agent for Stewart's Singer Machine, a family 
Sewing Machine, known in all parts of the country aud 
deservedly popular wherever used. The Howe, Rem- 
ington and Household, are also dealt in, a general as. 
sortment of each being kept in stock from which to 
select. 

Mr. Rogers is a sharp, discerning business man, aud 
enjoys a large and growing trade among the residents 
of this town and surrounding community. 

A. J.SWALM, 

Groceries and Provisions, Corner of BroaD' 
and Laurel Streets. 
A. J. Swalm is a na'ive of Schuylkill county. Pa., but 
has resided here for several years. The business at 
these premises was started in 1874, aud the operations 
continued by the founder of the house unlil 1879, wlien 
Mr. Swalm became proi)rietor. Occupying one of the 
most eligible locations in town, at the corner of Broad 
and Laurel streets, central and convenient, in a hand- 
some building, 20x4J> feet dimensions, which is well 
adapted to the business. A fine and well assorted stt.H'k 
of goods, embracing fine and staple Groceries. Canned 
Goods, Teas, Cofl'ecs, Spices, Produce, Provisions, etc., 
representing a large aggregate value in money, are 
constantly in stock. In (Jreeu Groceries, Mr. Swalm car- 
ries deci^lidly the largest stock iu town, and his store is 
headquarters for goods in this line. The goods are 
purchased to meet the' immediate wants of trade, the 
stock frequently depleted and daily replenished, con- 
sequently it is always fri'sh and pure. In every departs 
nieiit of the store the stock is a'lways replete with the 
best and medium grade of goods, no inferior stock being 
permitted in the house. Mr. Swalm is a gentleman oc- 
cupying an important position in business circles. 



APPENDIX. 



THE PROOaCTION OF ANTHRACITE COAL. 

The shipment of Anthracite as reported by J. 
H. Jones, accountant of the Anthracite coal 
statistics, was as stated below. Coal used in and 
about the mines not included in these statements ; 
the amount will average eight per cent, of the 
shipments. 

Total. 

365 

1,073 

3,720 

16,951 

11,108 

34,893 

48,047 

63,434 

77,516 

112,083 

174,734 

176,820 

863,871 

487,748 

376,636 

560,758 

684,117 

879,141 

738,697 

818,402 

864,384 , 

959,973 

1,108,418 

1,263,598 

1,630 850 

2,013,013 

2,344,005 

2,882,309 

3,089.238 

3,242,; 63 

3,:fe8,899 

4.448,916 

4,993,471 

5,195,151 

6,902.334 

6,608,517 

6,927,580 

6,664,941 

6,759.369 

7,808,252 

8,513,123 

7,954,2(U 

7.86<) 407 

9,506,006 

10.177,475 

9,652.391 

12,703.882 

12.988,725 

13.801.465 

13 866.180 

16,182 191 

15,699.721 

19 669.778 

21 227.952 

20.145,121 

19.712,472 

18,.501.011 

20,828.179 

17,605.262 

26,142,689 

23.437,242 



Year. 


SchuylkiU 


1820 




1821 




1822 


1,480 


1823 


1,128 


1824 


1.567 


1825 


6,500 


1826 


16,767 


1827 


31,360 


1828 


47,284 


1829 


79,973 


1830 


89,984 


1831 


81,8.54 


1832 


209,271 


1833 


252,971 


1834 


226,692 


1835 


339,508 


1836 


432,045 


1837 


530,152 


1838 


446,875 


1839 


475,077 


1840 


490 596 


1841 


624,466 


1842 


583,273 


1813 


710,200 


1844 


887,937 


1846 


1,131.724 


1846 


1,308,500 


1847 


1,665,735 


1848 


1,733 721 


1849 


1,728,500 


1850 


1,840,620 


1851 


2,328,225 


1852 


2,637,835 


1853 


2,665,110 


1854 


3,291,670 


1855 


3,552,943 


1856 


3,603,029 


1857 


3.373,797 


1858 


3,273,245 


1859 


3,448,708 


1860 


3,749,632 


1861 


3,160,747 


1862 


3,372,583 


1863 


3,911 683 


1864 


4,161.970 


1865 


4,356.959 


1866 


5.787.902 


1867 


5,161,671 


1868 


5.330 737 


1869 


5,775,138 


1870 


4,968,157 


1871 


6 552.772 


1872 


6 694 890 


1873 


7,212,601 


1874 


6,866,877 


1875 


6,281.712 


1876 


6,221.934 


1877 


8,195,042 


1878 


6,282.226 


1879 


8,960.329 


1880 


7,554,742 



Lehigh. 


Wyominc, 


365 




1,073 




2,240 




5,823 




9,542 




28,393 




31,280 




32,074 




30,232 




25,110 


7,000 


41,750 


43,000 


40,966 


54,000 


70,000 


84,000 


123,001 


111,777 


106,244 


43,700 


131,250 


90,000 


148,211 


103.861 


223,902 


116,387 


213,615 


98,207 


221,025 


120,300 


225,313 


148,470 


143,037 


192,270 


272,540 


252,599 


267,793 


285,605 


377,002 


365,911 


409,453 


451,836 


517,116 


618,389 


633,507 


583,067 


670,321 


685,196 


781,656 


732,910 


690,456 


827,823 


764,224 


1,156,167 


1,071,136 


1,284,500 


1,0.54,309 


1,475,732 


1,207,186 


1.603,478 


1,2.S4,113 


1,771,511 


1,351,970 


1,972,584 


1,318,541 


1,952,603 


1,380,030 


2,186,094 


1,628,311 


2,731,230 


1,821,674 


2,941,817 


1,738,377 


3,055,140 


1.351.054 


3,145,770 


1 8J4,713 


3,759,610 


2 054,669 


3.960,836 


2,040,913 


3,254 519 


2,179,364 


4.7.36,616 


2,502 054 


5,325,000 


2,502.582 


5,968,146 


1,949.673 


6,141,369 


3,239.374 


7.974,660 


2,235,707 


6.911,242 


3,873 339 


9101.549 


3,705.596 


10,309,755 


2.773,836 


9,504,408 


2,834,605 


10,.596,1.55 


3,854,919 


8,424,158 


4,332,760 


8,300,377 


3,2.37,449 


8,085,587 


4,595,567 


12,.586,293 


4,463,221 


11,419,279 



THE LEHIGH VALLEY RAILROAD COMPANY. 

Year. East of Mauch Chunk. Total Coal Ton'ge. 



1871* 




2,210.272 






2,889,074 


1872 




3,009.395 






8,850,118 


1873 




3,189,023 






4,144,339 


1874 




3 016,636 






4.150,659 


1875 




2,417.800 






8.277,571 


1876 




3 129.895 






3.951,513 


1877 




3,453.533 






4,362,124 


1878 




2.758.756 






3,446.615 


1879 




3,5.31,829 






4.361,785 


1880 




3,774,729 






4,606,415 


Red d from, 


Tons. 1878. 


Tons, 


1879 


Tons, 1880 


Wyoming 


ICff'U 


919,712 


1 135,587 


1,162,706 


Hazletou 


reg'!! 


1,520.049 


1,964 


278 


2,125,104 


B. M. leg 


ion 


455.951 


474 


.761 


441,591 


Walianoy 


leg'n 


565.826 


786,082 


876,860 


Miscellaneous 


5,076 




1,076 


243 



Totals, 3,446,615 4,361,785 4,606,415 

The quantity of coal forwarded east of Mauch 

Chunk, was as stated above, 3,774,729 tons; of 

this 1,408,422 tons was delivered to the New Jersey 

division for delivery at Perth Amboy, and for the 

line trade in New Jersey. 
The rate of transportation from Mauch Chunk 

to Perth Amboy, 101 miles, is $1.40 per ton. 

Laterals to Mauch Chunk average fifty cents 

per ton. 
Prices of coal at Mauch Chunk, for delivery 

"on the line," were $3.25 per ton for all sizes, down 

to Chestnut, at the beginning of 1881. 

DIVISIOX SHIPMENTS OP 1879-1880. 
Interest. 

Phila. & Heading R. R. 

Lehigh Valley U. R. 

Central R. of N. J. 

Del. Lack and W. R. R. 

Del. and H. Canal Com 

Pcnn. R. R, Company 

Penn. Coal Company 

N . Y. Lake Erie & W R R 

Totals, 26,142,689 23,437,242 

The Pennsylvania Railroad interest, includes 
Shamokin coal, Lyken's Valley coal, and some 
Wyoming coal. Reading is of the various grades 
of Schuylkill. Lehigh Valley is three-fourths 
Lehigh, and balance Wyoming. Central Rail- 
road of New Jersey is about equally divided be- 
tween Lehigh and Wyoming. Delaware and 
Hudson ; Delaware, Lackawanna and Western 
Company ; Pennsylvania Coal Company, all from 
Wyoming region. "Erie" coal is from Wyoming. 
In addition to this may be put 05,000 tons of 
Loyalsock Anthracite from Sullivan county. 

*A11 above : guies are for fiscal years, which 
end with November, and tons are 2,240 lbs. in all 
cases. 



Tons 1879. 


Tom 1880 


7,442,617 


5,933,923 


4,405,957 


4.394.533 


3,825..553 


3,470,141 


3,867,407 


3.5.50,:i48 


3,054,390 


2,712,910 


1,682,106 


1,864,032 


1,427,150 


1,138,466 


437,509 


372,889 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



19» 



CENTRAL RAILROAD OF NEW JERSEY. 

Amountof coal carried over the Lehigh & Susqiie- 
hauna Railroad. 



i'ear. 

1871 

1872 

1873 

1874 

1875 



Tons. 
1.033 587 
2,527,068 
3,08'J,6y7 
2,972.286 
2,661,635 



Year. 

1876 

1877 

1878 

1879 

1880 



Tons. 
2,952,520 
2,969.788 
2,390,655 
4,088.yr)4 
8,843, LO J 



The oirce of receipt of the coal carried during 
1880, WHS as follows, ia tons of 2,240 pounds : 



■Wyoming Region— 

I^ehigh & Wilkes-BarreCoal Comp'y 

Evernart Coal Company 

Susquehanna Coal Company 

Delaware and Hudson C. Company 

Red Ash Coal Company 
Upper Lehigh — 

Upper Lehigh Coal Company 

M. S.,Kemmerer & Co 

Pond Creek Coal Company 
Beaver Meadow — 

Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Comp'y 

Thomas John & Co 
Mauch Chunk — 

Lehigh Coal and Navigation Comp'y 
Cross Creek — 

Coxe Bros. & Co 
-Council Ridge — 

J. Leisenring & Co 
Lehigh Valley R. R— 

Fackertoii 
R. P. Smith & Co 



1,505,61917 

46.202,03 

119,537 04 

43,099.15 

63,734.13 

307.012.02 
177,877.18 
23,412.17 

424 264 05 
76,060.10 

617,989.03 

804,242.16 

97,700.13 

8,571.11 
87,866.17 



LEHIGH COAL AND NAVIGATION COMPANY. 



year. 


Tons. 


Year. 


1872 


666.724 


1877 


1873 


525.623 


1878 


1874 


572.470 


1879 


1875 


397.427 


1880 


1876 


606,773 





Tons. 
550.519 
430.987 
701,761 
617,989 



This company dates back to 1820 as a mining 
and carrjdng company. The figures in the 
schedule above, are the figures of the production 
at the "Summit mines." 

PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD— Bel videre Division. 
This line forms an important feeder to the An- 
thracite roads centering at Phillipsburg, N. J. 
The sources of supply and distribution are clearly 
given below : 

Tons 1880. Tom 1879. 

From Lehigh region 959.600 719.415 

From Wyoming reg'n 222,678 260,451 

TonslSSO Torn 1879. 

Ois. to Trenton for shipment 52 167 35,902 

" S. A. for shipment 560,607 502.367 

" local points for consum 515,608 344.828 

Coal for company's use 111,535 96,770 



PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK RAILROAD. 
This line is an important feeder to the Lehigh 
Valley Railroad, for its business to the north and 
Avest. In addition thereto, it transports a large 
amount of Bituminous coal from what is known 
as the "Barclay" region. The Loyalsock coal 
mined in Sullivan county, Pa., is shipped from 
the mines over the State Line and Sullivan Eail- 
road, and thence to market via. this line and its 
northern connections. 





To7is 1878 


Tons 1S79 


7i>ml880 


Anthracite 


780.796 


860,161 


705.461 


ISitumiuous 


314.567 


329,901 


435,516 



CENSUS STATISTICS. 

POPULATION OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

The following table will not only prove of great 
interest and value for general imformation, but 
will show what relation the United States bears 
to foreign countries, both in population and area. 
Our country now ranks fourth, being exceeded in 
numbers only by the Chinese Empire, British In- 
dia and Russia: 



COCNTRIKS. 



Last I 

Gen- ; Population, 
sus.: 



Area 
Square 
Miles. 



[ Pop. 
ito Sq- 
1 Mile. 



Argentine Republic, 

Au.stria-Huugary, 

Belgium, 

Bolivia, 

Brazil, 

Canada, Domion of 

Chili, 

Chinese Empire, 

Columbia, 

Egypt, 

Denmark, 

Ecuador, 

France, 

Germany, 

G't Britain 4 Ireland 

Greece, 

India, British, 

Italy, 

Japan, 

Mexico, 

Morocco, 

Netherlands, 

Norway, 

Paraguay, 

Persia, 

Peru, 

Portugal, 

Russian Empire, 

Roumania, 

Servia, 

Slam, 

Spain, 

Sweden, 

Switzerland, 

Turkey, 

Uruguay, 

United States, 

Venezula, 



POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, 1790 TO 1880. 

I Increase i Increase 

Year Pop'tion. percent. Year Population. iper cent. 



1875 


1,715,681 


871,000 1.96 


1869 


35,9aj,435 


226,400 1.58.58 


1876 


5,336,185 


11,373 469.20 


1861 


1,742,352 


473,300 3.70 


1872 


10,108,291 


3,275,326 3.08 


1871 


3,602,321 


3,483,952 1.03 


1875 


2,075,971 


130,977 15.79 


Est. 


433,500,000 


3,924,627 1 110.45 


1870 


2,951,311 


432,400i 6.82 


Est. 


5,252,000 


212,600! 24.70 


1870 


1,912,142 


14,5.53 131.23 


1875 


866,137 


218,981! 3.49 


1876 


36,905,788 


201,900 182.79 


1875 


42,727,360 


212,091 201.45 


1871 


31,628,338 


121,230 268.08 


1870 


1,457,894 


19,941 72.96 


1871 


190,063,623 


950,919 200.50 


1871 


26,801,154 


112,677 243.91 


1874 


33,623,319 


156,604 214.71 


1871 


9,276,079 


761, MO ; 12.18 


Est. 


6,000,000 


219,000 1 27.39 


1869 


3,579,529 


12,680 282.30 


1875 


1,806,900 


122,280 1 14.78 


1873 


221,079 


57,303| 3.85 


Est. 


6,500,000 


648,000 10.03 


1876 


2,699,945 


502,7t50| 5.31 


1875 


4,441,037 


36,510; 121.31 


1876 


86,952,347 


8,404,767! 10.34 


Est. 


5,376,000 


51,033 105.34 


1874 


1,720,270 


19,721 87.33 


Est. 


6,300,000 


250,000 25.20 


1870 


16,222,814 


182.758 92.11 


1876 


4,429,713 


170.980 25.90 


1870 


2,759,854 


15.233 181.17 


Est. 


31,669,147 


1.812.0481 17.62 


1876 


445,000 


70.000 6.35 


1880 


50,152,559 


3,609,884 13.91 


1873 


1,784,197 


368,235 4.!t 



1790 
1800 
1810 
1820 
1830 



3,929,214 
5,308,483 
7,239,881 
9,633,822 
12,866,020 



35.10 
36.38 
33.06 
32.51 



1840 
l&JO 
1860 
1870 
1880 



17,069,453 
23.191.876 
31.443,321 
38,558,371 
50,152,866 



30.63 
27.88 
35.11 
22.65 
30.06 



POPUUTION OF STATES, 1870 AND 1880. 



[Prom the Official Relurns of the yinih and Tenth Census.] 
Total Total Per cent. 



States and 


Popula'n. 


Popula'n. 


of 


Territories. 


1880. 


■ 1870. 


Increase. j 


1 Alabama 


1,262,794 


996,992 


26.66 


2 Arizona 


40,441 


9,658 


318.73 


' 3 Arkan-sas 


802,5t>4 


481,471 


65.65 


4 California 


861,686 


560,247 


54.34 


5 Colorado 


191,619 


39,S(V1 


388.-28 


Connecticut 


622,tV>3 


537,4,54 


15.85 


7 Dakota 


135,180 


14,181 


853i!4 


8 Delaware 


146,654 


123,015 


17.30 


9 District of Columbia 


177,638 


131,700 


34S8 


10 Florida 


267,a51 


187,718 


42.39 


11 Georgia 


l,539,ai8 


1,184,109 


29.97 


12 Idaho 


32,611 


14.999 


117.42 


13 Illinois 


3,078,769 


2,539,891 


21.21 



200 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



14 Indiana 

15 Iowa 

16 Kansas 

17 Kentucky 

18 Louisiana 

19 Maine 

20 Maryland 

21 Massacliusetts 

22 Michigan 
23, Minnesota 

24 Mississippi 

25 Missouri 

26 Montana 

27 Nebraska 

28 Nevada 

29 New Hampshire 

30 New Jersey 

31 New Mexico 

32 New York 

33 North Carolina 

34 Ohio 

35 Oregon 

36 Pennsylvania 

37 Rhode Island 

38 South Carolina 

39 Tennessee 

40 Texas 

41 Utah 

42 Vermont 

43 Virginia 

44 Washington 

45 West Virg^inia 

46 Wisconsin 
47j Wyoming 



iTotalUnited States. '50,512,866 138,558,371 



1,978,362 


: 1,680,637 


17.70 


], 624,620 


! 1,194,020 


36.0(i 


99.5,966 


36 1, 399 


173.14 


1,648,708 


1,321,011 


24.80 


940,103 


726,915 


29.32 


648,945 


626,915 


3.51 


9:i4,632 


780,894 


19.68 


1,783,012 


1,457,:%1 


22.34 


1,636,331 


1,184,059 


38.19 


780,806 


439,706 


77.57 


1,131, .592 


827,922 


36.67 


2,168,804 


1,721,295 


25.99 


39,157 


20,595 


90.12 


452,433 


122,993 


267.83 


62,265 


42,491 


46.53 


346,984 


318,300 


9.01 


1,130,983 


906.096 


21.80 


ll.S,J30 


91,874 


28.99 


5,0,SH,810 


4,382,759 


15.99 


1,4011,047 


1,071,361 


30.67 


3,198,239 


2,665,260 


19.99 


174,767 


90,923 


92.21 


4,282,786 


3,521.951 


21.60 


276,528 


217,353 


27.22 


99'), 622 


705,606 


40.95 


1,542,463 


l,2;j«,520 


22.56 


1,592,574 


818,.579 


94.55 


143,906 


86,780 


65.81 


332,286 


330,551 


.52 


1,512,806 


1,225,163 


23.42 


75,120 


23,9.')5 


213.58 


618,443 


442,014 


39.91 


1,315,480 


1,054,670 


24.72 


20,788 


9,118 


127.98 



30.06 



POPULATION OF CITIES. 

The following table of the population of all 
Cities of the United States of 10,000 inhabitants 
and over has been prepared from advance sheets 
from the Census Bureau at Washington, and is 
therefore perfectly reliable and of great value both 
as to the information contained for present uses, 
and for future comparisons. In connection with 
the column of 1880, there will be found one of 
1870, and in the third there is given the aggregate 
pended and floating indebtedness of the Cities as 
shown at the period of gathering the last census. 
Our readers can see by careful study of the tables 
of population, the sections of the country that 
have made wonderful progress during the last 
decade, as well as those which have during the 
same time, stood comparatively at a stand still. 
The compiler has given the Cities by States, be- 
lieving that the reader will appreciate the con- 
veinence: 



ALABAMA— 

Mobile, 

Montgomery, 
ARKAN.SA.S,— 

Little Rock, 
CALIFORNIA— 

Los Angelos, 

Oakland, 

Sacramento, 

San Frniieisco, 

San Jose, 

Stockton, 
COLORADO— 

Denver, 

Lcadville, 
CONNECTICUT— 

Bridgeport, 

Danbury, 

Derbv, 

Hartj'«>rd, 

Meriden, 

Middletuwn, 



Popula'n. Popula'n.l 

1880. I 1870. Net Debt. 



31,205 
16,714 

13,185 

11,311 

34,,556 
21,420 
233,956i 
12,.567| 
10,287 

35,6.30 
14,820 

29,148' 
11,669' 
11,(549 
42,.553 
18,3401 
11,731 



32,034 
10,588 


$2,671,100 
567,900 


12,380 


335,243 


5,721 

10,500 

16,283 

149,473 

9,089 
10,066 


310,177 
669,126 
861,000 
3,059,285 
None. 
385,61^ 


4,759 


20,000 


18,969 
6,,542 
8,020 
37,180 
10,495 
6,923 


831,000 

255,415 

80,243 

3,689,8.55 

788,317 



New Rritian, 

New Haven, 
New London, 

Norwalk, 

Norwich, 

Stamford, 

Waterbury, 
DELAWARE— 

Wilmington, 
DIST OF COLUMBIA 

Georgetown, 

Washington, 
GEORGIA— 

Atlanta, 

Augusta. 

Macon, 

Savannah, 
ILLINOIS— 

Aurora, 

Belleville, 

Bloomington, 

Chicago, 

Galesburgh, 

Hyde Park, 

Jack.sonville, 

Joliet, 

Peoria, 

Quincy, 

Rockford, 

Rock Island, 

Springfield, 
INDIANA— 

Evansville, 

Fort ^^'ayne, 

Indianapolis, 

Jeffersonville, 

La Fayette, 

Logansport, 

New Albany, 

Richmond, 

South Bend, 

Terre Haute, 
IO^VA— 

Burlington, 

Cedar Rapids, 

Council Blufts, 

Davenport, 

Des Moines, 

Dubuque, 

Keokuk, 
KANSAS— 

Atchison, 

Leavenworth, 

Topeka, 
KENTUCKY— 

Covington, 
Lexington, 
Louisville, 
Newport, 
LOUISIANA— 
New Orleans, 
Shreveport, 
MAINE— 
Bangor, 
Biddeford, 
le iston, 
1 ortl lud, 
MAR i L VXD— 
BaUimore, 
Cumberland, 
MASSACHUSETTS - 
Attleborough, 
Boston, 
Brockton, 
Cambridge, 
Chelsea, 
Chicopee, 
Fall River, 
Fitchburgh, 
Gloucester, 
Haverhill, 
Holyoke, 
Lawrence, 
Lowell, 
Lynn, 
Maiden, 
Marlborough, 
New Bedford, 
Newbury port, 
Newton," 
North Adams, 
Northampton, 



13,978 
62,882 
10,.529 
13,9.56 
21,141 
11,298 
20,269 

42,499 

12,578 
147,307 

37,421 
23,023 
12,748 
30,681 

11,825 
10,682 
17,184 
503,304 
11,446 
15,716 
10,927 
16,145 
29,315 
27,275 
13,136 
11,660 
19,746 

29,2S0 
26,881 
75,074 
10,422 
14,860 
11,198 
16,422 
12,743 
13,279 
26,010 

19,450 
10,104 
18,059 
21,8:B4 
22,408 
22,254 
12,11" 

15,106 
16,550 
15,451 

29,720 
16,656 
123,645 
20,433 



16,857 
12,652 
19.083 
33,810 

332,190 
10,666 

11,111 
362,535 
13,608 
52,7401 
21,785 
11,325 
49,006 
12,405 
19,329 
18,475 
21,851 
39,178 
59,485 
38,284 
12,017 
10,126 
26,875 
13,537 
16,995 
10,192 
12,172 



9,480 
50,840 

9,.576' 
12,119 
16,653 

9,714' 
13,106' 



844,84 
1. 3.59,619- 
496,611 
522,495 
1,191,256 
165,000 
361,508 



30,&41 1,372,450 



11,384 
109,1991 



7,054 
17,873 
5,790 

24..505 
14,801 

100,753 
15,087 

191,418 
4,607 

18,289 
10,282 
13,600 
31,413 

267,3.541 
8,056 

6,769 
250,526 

8,007 
39,631 
18,547 

9,607 
26,766 
11,260 
15,389 
13,092 
10,733 
28,921 
40;928 
28,233 

7,.367 

8,474 
21,320 
12,595 
12,825 
12,090 
10.160 



23,310,146 



21,789 


2,180,000 


15,381 


1,961,319 


10,810 


743,000 


28,235 


3,425,000 


11,162 


25,.506 


8,146 


217,712 


14,590 


221,463 


298,977 


12,794,271 


10,158 


53,250 


3,644 




9,203 


273,336 


7,263 


54,000 


22,&49 


716,500 


24,052 


l,917,8b8 


11,049 


178,090 


7,890 


289,050 


17,364 


778,780 


21,830 


None. 


17,718 


856,900 


48,244 


l,914,.50O 


7,254 


240,350 


13,506 


None. 


8,950 


456,276 


15,396 


358,482 


9,445 


167,000 


7,206 


337,600 


16,103 


267,224 


14,930 


128,062 


5,940 


40,867 


10,020 


138,062 


20,038 


290,675 


12,0a5 


578,000- 


18,434 


804,611 


12,766 


372,375 



449,687 
396,573 
333,249 

1,030,000 

84,316 

4,&12,935 

966,618 



2,661,000 

183,874 

1,038,102 

4,322,1.54 

27,092,690- 
394,064 

16,600 

28,244,017 

71,200 

3,403,723 

1,554,496 

100,050 

3,169,765 

770,778 

193,370 

393,428 

878,454 

1,712,000 

1,-554,275 

2,072,815 

483,.523 

151,951 

1,086,000- 

428,706- 

993,591 

267,894 

537,500' 



RESOFRCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



201 



PittsflcM, 

Quincy. 

Salemj 

Bomerville, 

Springfield, 

Tamitoii, 

Waltliain, 

Weymouth, 

Wobuiu, 

Worcester, 
MJ<-'HIGAN— 

Bay City, 

Detroit, 

East Saginaw, 

Grand Kapids, 

Jackson, 

Kalamazoo, 

Muskegon, 

Saginaw City, 
MINNESOTA— 

Minneapolis, 

Saint I'aul, 

Winona, 
MISSISSIPPI— 

Vicksburgh, 
MJSSOUKI— 

Hannibal, 

Kansas City, 

St. Joseph, 

St. Louis, 
NEBRASKA— 

Lincoln, 

Omaha, 
NEVADA— 

Virginia Citv, 
NEW HAMPSHiRE- 

Concord, 

Dover, 

Manchester, 
Nashua, 
NEW JEKSEY— 
Camden, 
Elizabeth, 
Hoboken, 
Jersey City, 
Newark, 
New Brunswick, 
Orange, 
Patterson, 
Trenton, 
NEW YORK— 
Albany, 
Amsterdam, 
Auburn, 
Binghamton, 
Brookshaven, 
Brooklyn, 
Buffalo, 
Cohoes, 
Elmira, 
FishkiU, 
Flushing, 
Hempstead, 
Jamaica, 
Johnstown, 
Kingston, 
Lenox, 
Lockport, 
Long Island City, 
New Lots, 
New York, 
Newburgh, 
Ogdensburgh, 
Oswego, 
Oyster Bay, 
Palmyra, 
Poughkeepsie, 
Rochester, 
Rome, 

Saratoga Springs, 
Saugerties, 
Schenectady, 
Syracuse, 
Trov, 
Utica, 
Watkina, 



13,367 


11,112 


385,341 


10,52S 


7,442 


65,980 


27,598 


24,117 


I,l(i-J,IH7 


24,9&5 


14,68;' 


1,-V.h;,974 


33,M0 


26,702 


l,92S,Of)0 


21,213 


18,629 


449,735 


11,711 


9,065 


477,000 


10,571 


9,010 


64,392 


10,198 


8,560 


626,602 


58,295 


41,105 


2,447,.'-)43 


20,693 


7,064 


433,100 


116,312 


79,577 


1,282,772 


19,016 


ll,a50 


611,0.55 


32,015 


16,.t07 


471,(K)0 


16,105 


11,447 


183,500 


ll,i»37 


9,181 


25,000 


11,262 


6,002 


180,000 


10,525 


7,460 


202,800 


46,887 


13,066 


1,137,467 


41,498 


20,030 


1,526,715 


10,208 


7,192 


183,000 


11,814 


12,443 


373,218 


11,074 


10,125 


144,027 


55,813 


32,260 


1,339,224 


32,484 


19,.565 


2,44i:.,600 


360,522 


310,864 


22,847,761 


13,004 


276 


199,615 


30,518 


16,083 


227,578 


13,705 


7,048 


112,000 


13,836 


12,241 


615,500 


11,687 


9,294 


458,830 


32,630 


23,536 


929,000 


13,397 


10,543 


458,661 


41,658 


20,045 


1,164,900 


28,229 


20,832 


5,512,638 


30,999 


20,297 


1,099,250 


120,728 


82,.546 


15,5y,S,435 


136,400 


105,059; 


9,070.(132 


17,167 


15,058 


1,61S,<I40 


13,206 


9,348 
33,579 


253,Mi2 


50,887 


l,3;59,.50O 


29,910 


22,874 


1,664,501 


90,903' 


69,4221 


3,138,500 


ll,71li 


7,706 { 




21,924, 


17,2251 


530,000 


17,315 


12,292 


299,.500 


11,544 


10,159! 




566,689 


396,099: 


38,010,000 


155,137 j 


117,763 


8,211,934 


19,4171 


15,367; 


141,214 


20,.54li 


15,863 


270,400 


10,732 


11,752 




15,919 


14,650 ; 




18,160 


13.999 




10,089 


7,745 




16,626 


1 2,273 i 




18,342; 


21,943 


644,880 


10,249 


9,816 




13,522' 


12,426 


108,667 


17,117, 


1 


950,000 


13,681 1 


9,800, 




1,206,590 


942,292 


109,425,414 


18,050 


17,014 


313,400 


10,340 


10,076 


135,000 


21,117 


20,910 


1,264,224 


11,923 


10,595 




21,493 






20,207 


20,180 


1,939,198 


89,363 


62,386 


6,701,686 


12,(M5 


11,000, 


160,000 


10,822 


8,537! 


297,600 


10,375 


10,455' 




13,675 


11,026, 


118,000 


51,7<ll 


43,051 


],:iM,.">00 


56,747 


46.4t>.5 


9." 8.296 


33,913 


28.804 ■ 


76(j,000 


11,483 


9,4771 





Watertown, 
Watervliet, 
^\■est Troy, 
Y( inkers, 
NORTH CAROLINA- 
Ralei^h, 
Wilmington. 
OHKJ- 

Akron, 

Canton, 

Chillicothe, 

Cincinnati, 

Cleveland, 

Columbus, 

Dayton, 

Hamilton, 

Portsmouth, 

Sandusky, 

Springfield, 

Steubenville, 

Toledo, 

Youngstown, 

Zanesville, 
OREGON— 

Portland, 
PENNSYLVANIA— 

Allegheny, 

Alleutown, 

Altoona, 

Chester, 

Easton, 

Erie, 

Harrisburgh, 

Lancaster, 

Norristown, 

Philadelphia, 

Pittsburgh, 

Pottsville, 

Reading, 

Scranton, 

Wilke.sbarre, 

Williamsport, 

York, 
RHODE ISLAND— 

Lincoln, 

Newport, 

Pawtucket, 

Providence, 

Warwick, 

Woonsocket, 
SOUTH CAROLINA— 

Charleston, 

Columbia, 
TENNESSEE— 

Chattanooga, 

Memphis, 

Naslnille, 
TEXA.S— 

Austin, 

Dallas, 

Galveston, 

Houston, 

San Antonio, 
UTAH— 

Salt Lake City, 
VERMONT— 

Burlington, 

Rutland, 
VIRGINIA— 

Alexandria, 

Lvnchburgh, 

Norfolk, 

Petersburgh, 

Portsmouth, 

Richmond, 
WEST VIRGINIA- 

Wheeling, 
WISCONSIN— 

Eau Claire, 

Fond du Lac, 

La (;rosse, 

Madison, 

Milwaukee, 

Oshkosh, 
Racine, 



10,76J 


>; 9.363 


407,.500- 


22,22f 


) 22,609 




11,531 


10,f,93 


None. 


18,891 


18,357 


1,388,00(V 


14,1 IC 


7,790 


138,357 


17,361 


j 13,446 


539,845 


16,5121 10,006 


17,619 


12,258 8,660 


189,657 


10,936' 


8,920 


None. 


2.55,70s 


I 216,289 


21,992,.500- 


160,142; 92,829 


4,076,946 


i>l,W^j 


1 31,274 


1,259,162 


38,677 


30,473 


1,101,520 


12,121 


11,081 


48,067 


11,314 


10..592 


317,«(I9 


15,W8 


13,000 


381,215 


20,729 


12,tV>2 


58,(;27 


12,(W3 


8,107 


:«,190- 


50,143 


31,584 


8,262,660 


15,431 


8,075 


193,406 


18,120 


10,011 


529,097 


17,598 


8,293 


76,500- 


78,681 


53,180 


1,596,429 


18,068 


13,884 


430,443 


19,716 


10,610 


368,830 


14,996 


9,485 


357,034 


11,924 


10,987 


219,949 


27,7;«) 


19,646 


1,201,229 


30,762 


23,104 


1,065,:«)0' 


25,769 


20,233 


464,142 


13,064 


10,753 


81,200 


&t6,984 


674,022 




156,381 


86,076 


14,134,296 


13,253 


12,384 




43,280 


33,930 


999,000' 


45,850 


35,092 


325,202 


23,339 


10,174 


95,096 


18,934 


16,030 


651,272 


13,940 


11,003 


33,000 


13,765 


7,889 


50,000 


15,693 


12,.521 


116,408 


19,030 


6,619 


935,000' 


104,850 


68,904 


9,373,026 


12,163 


10,453 


57,.500 


16,053 


11, .527 


230,000 


49,996 


48,956 


4,129,102 


10,040 


9,292 

1 


900,000 


12,892 


6,093 


71,566 


33,-593 


40,226 


None. 


43,461 


25,865 

1 


1,606,200 


10,960 


4,428 


106,744 


10,358 


1 


304,356 


22,253 


13,878 


1,023,249 


18,646 


9,382 


1,501,591 


20,561 


12,256| 


165,266 


20,768 


12,854: 


67,000 


11,364 


14,387 


383,427 


12,149' 


9,834! 

1 


202,460 


13,658' 


13,570 


1,037,088 


15,959 i 


6,825! 


794,837 


21,966 


19,229, 


2,187,371 


21,6.56 


18,950 


1,136,100 


11,;W8 


10,492i 


283,014 


63,803 

1 


51,038 


4,399,021 


31,266, 


19,280: 


531,882 


10,118. 


8,313 


165,000 


13,091 


12,764 


135,000 


14,.505 


7,985 


13«>,700 


10,325 


9,176 


16tl,2tis 


115,578' 


74,440 


2,130,500- 


15,749 


12,663, 


218,5li 


16,031, 


9,880i 


S91,01o 



INDEX. 



Abel, John, confectionery, 39 

Abel, Edward, carpets, 55 

Ackerman & Baesley, jewelry, 59 

Allen town. 97 

Allen Continentals, Co. B., 106 

Allen Rifles Co. D., 105 

Business College, 104 

Female College, 105 

banks, 104 

bridges, 107 

business advantages, 99 

churches, 101 

conclusion, 107 

fairgrounds, 106 

fire department, 100 

from 1860 to 1880, 95 

incorporation as a borough, 98 

its early growth, 97 

location and surroundings, 98 

medical societies, 105 

Muhlenberg College, 102 

municipal departments, police, 100 

musical societies, 105 

newspapers, 104 

prominent buildings, 99 

prominent industries, 107 

public schools, 102 

railroads, canals, etc., 107 

societies and social clubs, 105 

taxes and debt, 100 

the cause of tlie slow progress, 98 

the great fire, 98 

the present appearance, 99 

the sanitary condition, 99 

the starting of the town, 97 

water and gas. 101 

Allentown Iron Company, 131 
AUentown Manuf'g Co., phosphate and 

paints, 110 

Allentown Oil Company, 125 

Allentown Pottery, A. Bach, proprietor, 135 

Albright's freight delivery, 138 

Allen Mutual Fire Insurance Company, 126 
Allison, Mans & Co., found's and mach'ists 191 

Alsfelt, F., segars and tobacco, 52 

American Hotel, Bath, 94 
Anewalt, S. B. & Co., wholesale hats and caps 119 

Anthony & Ebbecke, hardware, , etc., 139 
Apple, Edward S. & Co., mft'rs of furniture, 121 

Arnold & Krell, brewery, 191 
Aschbach, G. C. & Co., musical instruments, 135 

Jiabb, R. F., drugs, books, etc. 92 

Bachman, A. M., photographer, 131 
Bachnian, S. 0., flour, feed, hay, and grain, 126 

Bachman & Co., grain merchants, 83 

Bader, Wm., currier of leather, 95 
Barber, Keiscr & Co., mf'ts turbine water 

wheels, etc. 108 



Barber, L. F. & Co., stoves, etc., 193 

Barnitt P. & Co., paper hangers, 56 

Barrall, J. H., dry goods and groceries, 96 

Barron, Chas., farm wagons, 56 

Bath, 94 

Bartholomew, E. D., stoves, etc., 186 

Beahm, Henry., boots and shoes, 86 

Bechel, Chas.W.. iron founder and machin't, 80 

Beck, Jos., mf't of carriages, 59 

Beck, W. M., wall paper, 134 

Beers, Asa, R., dry goods, etc., 184 

Beitel, Jas. C, jeweler, 146 

Beitel, R. O., jeweler, 92 

Betge, A. P., confections and ice cream, 83 

Bethlehem. 66 

at the present time, 68 

banking institutions, 73 

churches, 72 

conclusion, 74 

earlj' settlement, 66 

fire department, 73 

gas works, 73 

hotels and public buildings, 73 

in 1857, 68 

music and public halls, 72 

naming the town, 66 

newspapers, , ' 73 

railroads and canals, 69 

the "economy," 67 

the first hotel, 67 

the leading industries, 69 

The Lehigh University, 71 

the public and private schools, 70 

the revolutionary war, 67 

the river, 74 

the town's natural advantages, 69 

streets and buildings, 74 

South Bethlehem schools, 71 

water works, 72 

Birchall & Parton, plumbers, etc., 126 

Bitting, Henry, hats, caps, and furs. 134 

Bixler, C. W., jewelry 36 

Black, Daniel, tinware, etc., 54 

Blue Mountain Slate Quarry, Williamstown, 158 

Blue Vein Slate Company, 158 

Borhek, F. R., boots and shoes, 85 

Borhek & Miksch, lumber and coal, 85 

Boroughs and towjis in the Lehigh Valley, 4 

Boyer, Ed. D., drugs, 144 

Breninger, G. & W., general store, 162 

Brown, Chas, F., lumber, 86 

Brunner & Siegfried, machinist, 85 

Buchman, Evan, lumber yard and mill, 39 

Bush & Bull, drv goods, etc,, 48 

Bush, Bull, & Diehl, dry goods, 79 

Butz, J. S. & Bro., lumber, etc., 49 

Butz, Samuel, mf't shirts, 36 



Caine, Theodore, mf'tr, confectionery. 



35 



RESOURCES OF THE I.EHIGH VALLEY. 



Caine, Theo., milUneiT', 36 

Carbon Iron and Pipe Co., (limited), 1G4 

Carpenter & Bennett, dry goods, efc, 50 

Cortright, N. D. & Son. wliolesale coaldlr's 183 

Caskie & Emack, roofing slate, 158 

Catasatiqua. 140 

cliurches and pnlilic schools, 141 

general apiiearance, 142 

its settlement, 140 

railroad facilities. 141 

The Catasanqna and Fogelsville R.R., 142 

The Crane Iron Company, 142-3 

tlie first anthracite furnace, 140 

the town of to-day, 141 

water and fire department, 141 

CatasaiKnia Brewery, C. Stockburger, pro'p, 144 

Catasaucpia Mills, Wra. Younger, pro'p, 145 

Chapman Slate Quarry. 77 

Christman, J. S., general store, 147 

City Carriage Works, Christ, Peter & Co., 120 

Clauss & Bro., merchant tailors, clothing, etc, 169 

Coe & Co., jewelery, 44 

Colt, Henry, coal and wood, etc., 133 

Columbia Slate Quarry, Dr. A. P. Steokel, 

proprietor, 159 

Cooke, A. D. mft'r furniture, 47 

Coplay, 149 

Coplay Iron Works, 151 

Cornell & Michler, groceries, 47 

Corwin, Chas. & Bro., general store, 145 

Coplay Cement Company, 114 

Coxe Bros. & Co,, coal miners and shippers, 196 

Crater, Jos. F., wholesale produce, 67 

Cummings, John, bottler, 62 

Daily, Thomas, hatter, 45 

Daub, Theo. G., pottery, 63 

Daub, Wra. J., furniture, 35 

Degelow, F. G., carver and turner in ivory, 85 

Deickmann, John, general store, 184 

Dodson, F. G., Mountain City Tea Store, 195 

Dodson, Weston & Co., miners of coal, 81 

Dorney, C. A., manufacturers of furniture, 113 

Drake, L. W., manuf'r caskets and coffins, 192 

Drinkhouse, Samuel, hats and caps, 57 

Dunn, A. R., wholesale tobacco, 52 

Eagle Drug Store, A. Weber, pro'p, 137 

Earle, E. M., steam soap and candle works, 109 

East Mauch Chunk, 177 

Easton, 27 

banks, 52 

board of trade, 35 

borough government, 29 

borough incorporation, 28 

cefneterj% 33 

churches, 29 

commercial advantages, 34 

department of fire, 29 

department of police, 29 

early history, 27 

formation of coxinty, 27 

gas and water, 83 

Glendon, 35 

hotels, 34 

its desirable situation, 28 

Lafayette College, 30 

newsjiapers, 32 

Phillil.sburg, N. J., 35 

post-ofiice, 33 

private institutions, 32 

prominent buildings, 34 

]iul>iic schools, 30 

railroad and canals, 28 

revolutionary war, 28 

societies, 34 

South Easton, 35 



the natural beauty, 34 

the present appearance, 28 

the town snrveved, 27 

Ea.ston Lock Works, " 5(> 

Easton Marble Company, 44 

Ebert, Chas. M.. druggist. 182 
Egge. W. J., A Co., manufacturers of bricks, K4 

Eggert, H. B., photographer, 85 

Ehrhart, Samuel H., iiift paper bags, 49 

Pjiigle, F. G., frames, brackets, etc., 80 

Engleman, K., carriages, 126 

Emery, Jos. D., coal and wood, 77 

Eureka Mills, flour, etc., 57 

Everhart, Wm., bottler, 57 

Faga, John F., sewing machines and organs, 180 

Fahs, J. M., confect'ry, canned goods, etc., 8& 

Faltzinger, cigars, 95> 

Farr, J. L. & Co., boots and shoes. 129 

Faltzinger, Dr. R. D., surgeon dentist, 133 

Finley, George, books and stationery, 49 

Fisher, A. W., bleachery, 132 

Fisher, H. H., mft gas and water pipe, 112 

Fcelker, J. C. & Sons, veterinary surgeons, 133 

Fox & Fulmer, jewelry, 5& 
Franklin Quarry, Kurtz & Jacobs, propt'rs, 161 

Freemansburg, 64 

Frosthovel, Geo., harness, 6& 

Frutchey, Wm., carriages, 92 

Fulmer, Daniel G., mill picks, 41 

Fulmer, Wra.. furniture, 62 

Gabriel, H., mftr woolen and cotton goods, 121 

Gabel, J. L., hardware, etc., 173 

Gazetteer of counties and towns, 13 

Geisinger, John A., flour mill, 65 

Germania Lager Beer Brewery, 118 

Giering, J. F., jeweler, 92 

Giering, L. F., jewelry, 83 

Glanz, Edwin S., wines and liquors. 48 

Goldsmith, Isaac, cigars, etc. 60 

Goldsmith, M., notions and fancy goods, 54 

Gorman, G. D., dry goods and notions, 196 

Goth & Wolmuth. paper hangers, etc., 76 

Grim, W. J., leather and tanner's oil, 109 

Gross, Dr. C. L . drugs, 65 

Gross, Faltzinger & Co., hardware, eta, 162 

Guth & Kern, dry goods and notions, 123 

Hagerty, John H., hardware, etc., 63 

Hall, Geo., Singer sewing machine, 184 

Hapgood, Hay & Co., boots and shoes, 42 

Hartman, G. P., sewing machines, 137 

Hartzel, Dr. H. K. & Co., drugs, 109 
Hay, J. & Sons, jobbers of dry goods and 

notions, 53 
Hayden, J. C. & Co., coal miners and ship's, 192 

Hazzard, Wm. H., wall paper, 45 

Hecker, W. F., millinery and notions, 127 

Heimbach, B. F., undertaker's supplies, 131 

Heilman, Moses, merchant miller, 174 

Heller, W. J., sign painter, 48 

Hemmerly, J. H., upholster, etc., 82 
Hemmingway, E. E., saddlery and hardware, 37 

Henninger & Flexer, ag. machinery, 128 

Herrman, C. F., musical instruments, 130 

Hersh &, Bro., stoves, etc., 123 

Hess, Bro. & Co., wholesale grocers, 55 

Hicks, W. R., mftr of Hick's cement, etc., 109 

HolF, J. P., M. D., physician and druggist, 61 

Hokendauqua, 142 

"Hokcndauqua Mills," Stempton, 151 

Hooven Bros., general store, 180 

Hazleton, 187 

borough government, 189 

churches. 189 



204 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



coal interest, 188 

hotels, 190 

its location, 187 

newspapers, 190 

public schoola, 189 

railroads, 190 

the early history, 188 

the present appearance, 189 

Hooven, G. W. & W. T., oils, 185 

Horn, C. T., M. D., druggist, 173 

Horn, Chas. W., drugs, books, etc., 162 

Huff", Morris M., harness, 161 

Hunt, E. L, hardware, 47 

Industrial Fire Brick Works, 116 

Jeans, E. D., photographer, 128 

Johnson, Jos., grocer, 57 
Johnston & Weed, dry goods and notions, 38 

Jordan Mutual Fire Insurance Co., 118 

Kaeppel, C, dying, 137 

Keller, Thos. A., sewing machines, 36 

Keller, Thos. A., vegetable restorative, 39 

Keller, Wm. H., pianos, etc., 40 

Keller & Bro., jewelery, etc., 130 

Keuierer, Geo. W., general store, 147 

Kemerer, Wm., general store, 173 

Kern, Benjamin, general merchandise, 161 

Kern, George P., druggist, 95 

Keystone Mutual Benefit Association, 111 

King, T. F., surgeon dentist, 45 

Kistler, Perry J., general store, 170 

Kleekner & Co., carriages, 95 

Kleppinger, A. J., wholesale grocer, 125 

Klump, C. C, druggist, 135 

Knauss, W. H., manuf'r shoe uppers, 132 

Knauss & Grammes, machinists, etc., 125 

Knecht, Frank, photographer, 59 

Kock & Bro., cigars, 172 

Krause, L. D., boots and shoes, 130 

Kreidler& Michael, carriages, 93 

Krumm, A. E., stoves, etc., 190 

Kutz, J. A., wall paper, 138 

Kuntz & Co., general store, 185 

Lack, J. J., clothing, 84 

Ladenslager & Babb, manufrs of chairs, 135 

Laing, Wm. H. clothing, 35 
Lauderburn, Smith & Deisroth, dry goods, 197 
Lawfer, W. R. & Co., dry goods, groceries, etc, 119 

Laury's Flour Mill, J. R. Schall, pro'p, 152 

Lee, W. H., carriage body maker, 56 

Leh & Co., manufrs of boots andshoea, 121 

Leh, H. M. & Co., clothing, 123 

Lehigh Car Manufacturing Co., 151 

Lehigh Iron Works, 138 

Lehigh Fire Brick Co., 143 

Lehigh Manufacturing Co., 80 

Lehigh Stove Works, 172 

Leliigh Valley Emery Wheel Co., 170 

Lehigh Valley File Works, 137 

Lelugh Valley Railroad, 87 

Lehigh Water Gap, 157 

Lehighton, 165 

Lehman, B. E., Lehigh V. Brass Works, 86 

Leibert, Aug. H., books and stationery, 80 

Leith, J. W., boots and shoes, 132 
Leizening, Texler & Co., bookslr's and pub., 112 

Levy, Jonas, clothing, 53 

Levan, W. F., general merchandise, 152 

Liebermann, J., Eagle Lager Beer Bwr'y, 113 

Linderman, Skeer & Co., miners of coal, 76 

Losch, C. F., livery stable. 136 

Losch, John, nurseryman, 131 

Losch, Walter, marble, 134 



Luckcnbach, E. H., drugs, 84 

Luckenbach & Blasius, Hour mill, 65 

Luckenbach, E. F., books, stationery, etc., 184 

Lucy Furnace Co., Glendon, ' 86 

Mack, J. C, stoves, etc., 159 

Magee Bros., wholesale segars, fruits, etc,, 62 

Martin, C. F. & Co., manufr's of guitars, 91 

Massey's jewelery establishment, 124 

Mauch Chunk, 175 

banking institutions, etc., 119 

churches, schools, etc., 175 

concert hall, 179 

fire companies, 179 

Glen Onoko, - 180 

its attractions for tourists, 179 

incorporation of the borough, 177 

its early history, 175 

population, 171 

the great freshet, 171 

newspapers, 178 

societies, 178 

Switchback, 179 

the coal interest, 178 

the late Hon. Asa Packer, 178 

the town to-day, 177 

McConochie, Ed., foundry and machine shop, 160 

McKeen & Co., mfr's of cotton goods, 60 

McNair & Hoagland, druggists, 194 

Meeker, C. W., stoves and hardware, 55 

Menline, M., cigars and tobacco, 45 

Mill Creek Mining Company, 182 

Miller & Grubb, clothing, 191 

Miller, H. L., photographer, 137 

Miller, R. A., hats, caps, etc., 147 

Miller, Thos. T., hardware, 44 

Miller, W. S., boots and shoes, 196 

Morgan & Caskie, general store, 162 

Morton, H. M., hardware, etc., 48 

Mosser, W. F., mftr's turbine water wheels, 122 

Mosser & Keck, tanners, 117 

Mummey, Chas., harness, 146 

Murray, P. F., boots and shoes, 182 

Nadig, H. & Bro., machinists and founders, 119 

Nagle, E. W., wholesale dealer in tobacco, 134 

Nazareth, 90 

Neff, Joel, Washington Vein Roofing Slate, 160 

Neckum, Wm., merchant tailor, 75 

Nightingale, C. T., mf'r boots and shoes, 34 

Oak Hall Cigar Factory, Weaver Bros, pro'p. 125 

Obert, Jos., packing, curing and smoking, 

Oden welder, A. J., druggist, 

Oden welder, H. P. B., groceries andhardw're, 

Oden welder, John H., cigars, 

Oliver & Co., Easton Sheet Iron Works, 

Oswald, B., mf'r of brushes, 

Packerton, 

Pardee, A. & Co., coal miners and ship'rs, 

Parry ville. 

Pennsylvania, 

Peters, H. H., merchant tailor, 

Peters, Jacob, general store, 

PhoBnix Brass and Iron Works, E. Gough, 

Phillipsburg Stove Works, 

Pollock, John, mfr of brushes, 

Pond Creek Coal Company, 

Powell, W. B., agricultural machinery, 

Probst, Diehl & Co., publishers andbook'lrs, 

Rapp & Manning, saw mill, 

Rapsher & Zern, drugs, 

Rau, Simon & Co., druggists, 

Rauch, J. F., confections and ice cream, 



171 
43 
49 
58 
46 

131 

169 

194 

163 

5 

174 

164 

129 

61 

55 

182 

123 

122 

34 

170 

81 

78 



RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 



205 



Eeicli, B. P., undertaker, 46 

Rois, Miix., clothing, 146 

Roniiigor, A. G. & Co., dry goods and gro'., 118 

Revolution i'aint Co., N. Bartlet, supt., 79 

Rex, C. A. & Bro., general store, 181 

Rlioad & Webb, dry goods and groceries, 95 

Rice, Geo. H., Singer Sewing Machines, 195 

Rice, M. M., tailoring and clnthing, 161 

Riegel M. J., books and stationery, 58 

Ricgel & Tinsman, dry goods, etc., 50 

Rittcr, Beck, & Leli, i)laning mill, 81 

Hitter, W. J., stoves, etc., 132 

Hitter & Saylor, mft'r, of fire brick, 120 

Roberts, W. K., dry goods, etc., 65 

Robison, M. A., flour mill, 181 

Rodgers, E. J. , furniture, 197 

Rormich, Owen, dry goods and groceries, 14G 

Romig & Bro., marble, brown stone, etc., Ill 

Roth, S. &,W., mft'rs of brick, 123 

Rose.^H. T., mft'r paper boxes, 129 

Rosenbaum, L., millinery, etc., 61 

Ruhe Bros., mft'rs of cigars, 117 

Ruch, Josiah, general store, 169 

Schadt, T., dry goods, groceries, etc., 129 

Schiffert. T. F., harness KiO 
Schlegel, Ziegenfus, & Co., mft'rs of chains 

and tables. 114 

Schleppy, dry goods and carpets, 195 

Schmeyer & Co., marble workers, 121 

Schneller, Chas, G., stoves, etc., 145 

Scholl, Henry, dry goods and groceries. 95 

Schwartz, Frank, furniture, 186 

Seem's Slate Quarry, 40 

Seibert, Owen, mft'r coverlets, stockings etc, 54 

Seibert, Wm. H., slate, 160 

Seigfried, E. D., jeweler, 138 

Seigfried, Wm. H., bottler, 77 

Seitz Bros., brewers and bottlers. 58 

Sellers, Henry S., carriage manufacturer, 82 

Semmel, Phaon A., carriages, 159 

Semj)le, Henry B., drugs, 62 

Semple, John, oils, 43 

Shafer's New Bible House, 136 

Sharkey, Mrs. P., general store, 186 

Shellenberger, H. H., groceries, 59 

Shimer, E. S., carpets, 136 

Shimer, J. T., mft'r hosiery, 116 

Shimer & Laub, carpets, 135 

Shive Governor Works. M. C. Smylie, prop, 78 

Singer Manufacturing Co., Easton, 35 

Singer Manufacturing Co., AUentown, 117 

Slatington, 153 

borough incorporation, 155 

churches and schools, 156 

naming the town, 154 

of to-day, 156 

opening of the L. V. R. R., 154 

operations began at Slatington, 153 

railroads, 156 

shipments of slate, 155 

the early settlement, 154 

the first slate quarrying, 153 

Slatington Four Mill, A. J. Kern, proprietor, 159 

Slatington Planing Mill, J. Balliet, prop., 152 

Slough, Mrs. A. M., liomcepathic pharmacy, 130 

Sniickley, W. M., cabinet maker, 93. 

Smith, A. J., harness, 83 

Smith, G. A I. A., lime, brown stone, etc., 54 

Smith, Wilber 0., shirt mftr., etc., 183 

Smith <fe Clewell, planing mill, 83 

Snyder, E. H., general store, 171 

Snyder, J. D., dry goods, etc., 86 

Solliday, Reuben, mf'r iron railing, 128 



Souders, H. J., stoves, etc., 144 

Spaide Bros., groceries and provisions, 193 

Stair, J. E., planing mill, 37 

Statler, Tilghman, carriages, 128 

St. Clair, Edwin, manufacturer shirts, 37 

Steckel, W. R., groceries, 124 

Stcdman, John L., watches and jewelry, 180 

Steers, Edw., dying establishment, 83 

Stettner, A., clothing, 57 

Steltz, P. H., boots and shoes, 133 

Stemton, 150 

Stevens Bros., painters and paper hangers, 193 

Stewart & Co., mfr's wire, 41 

Stiles, C. H., bonks and stationery, 138 

Stine & Kramlich, liquor dealers, 146 

Soixt, J. v., photographer. 38 

Strauss, L. & Co., cigars, etc., GO 

Stroll, W. H., foundry and machine shop, 185 

Stroll, W. II. & Son, boots and shoes, 186 

Ssvalm, A. J., groceries and provisions, 197 

Swank & Son, flour, feed, grain and coal, 185 

Swartz, A. K., boots and shoes, 84 

Swartz <fe Sons, general store, 144 

Taylor, Jos., dry goods and groceries, 148 

Taylor, W. H. & Co., railway supplies, etc., 122 

The Temperance ^lut'l Benefit Association, 51 

Thomas Iron Works, Hokendauqua, 147 

Tippett & Wood, boiler makers, 61 

Tombler, H. G., wholesale grocer, 56 

Trach's Academy, 53 

Traeger, Jos. H., dry goods, groceries, etc., 79 

Treharn, David, dry goods and groceries, 183 

Trexler, E. W. & Son, lumber, 112 

Trexler & Kreidler, carriages, 173 

Uhl, Mathias, lager beer brewery, 86 

Unangst, John J., general store, 92 

Unangst & Kressler, druggists, 82 

Union Foundry and Machine Co., 144 

Walnutport, 1-57 

Walnutport engine and machine works, 162 

Walp, Jas., stoves and tinware, 161 

Walter, Jacob, miller, 33 

Walter, E. F., "99c." store, 84 

Wartman, L. A. T. & Son, sadl'ry, hardw're, 116 

Wasser & Haring, clothing, 132 

Weaver, John A., pliarmacist, 59 

Webb, E. M., confectionery, groceries, etc., 118 

Webb, Harry H., jewelry, 145 

Weber, Daniel, farming implements, 133 

Weil, F. W. 4 Co., mfr's of furniture, 127 

Weissport, 165 

Weissport Foundry, Miner Bros., proprts., 171 

Witmer, John J., millinery, 84 

White Sewing Machine, ' 136 

Whitney & Kemerer, min'rs Aship'rs of coal, 181 

Wieder, W. F., leather and findings, 82 

Wieand, Daniel, carriages, 172 

Williams, David, slate, 157 

Wilson Brothers, mfr's of bone mills, 51 

Wind, A. H., mercliant tailor, 134 

Wirt, Samuel, general store, 146 

Wolf A Hamaker, mfrs middlings purifier, 124 

Wolfertz, C. F. & Co., mfrs pocket cutlery, 127 

Wonderly, B. F., undertaker, etc., 130 

Yaeger, L., furniture and undertaking, 1S4 

Young, G. A., hats, caps, etc. 75 

Young, Wm., Easton Brass Works, 42 

Young * Schlough, Eagle Iron Foundry, 52 

Zcarfoss A Hilliard, lumber, 46 

Zellner Bros. * Co., tobacco and groceries, 110 

Ziminele, John B., furniture, 82 



